STUDENT COPY

7th Grade Health – Hamburg Middle School

Tobacco UnitResearch Assignment

Teacher: Mr. Neufeld

Student Name:

Due Date:

Total Score: / points

Assignment Instructions:

As you read through the booklet, you must fill in the appropriate answers (in the blank spots) by going to and researching the following website;

http://www.nysmokefree.com

‘Click’ on “Facts & Myths” or “Quit Now”

Tobacco FactsThought you knew what you were smoking? Take a look at some of our Tobacco Facts that reveal the true story behind your cigarettes. The facts that the Tobacco industry does not want to put on the label!

At Face ValueSmokers get more than nonsmokers and they get them at a younger age. These pictures illustrate two possibilities for the future appearance of a young woman, one if she stays tobacco-free and one at the same age with the premature that smoking would cause. Stopping smoking now will diminish future damage to your face.

What's In That Cigarette?

There are over chemicals in tobacco smoke and at least of those chemicals are known to cause cancer.

Chemicals in CigarettesOver chemical combinations occur when a cigarette is lit.  A pack-a-day smoker (20 cigarettes every day) will take in about doses of these chemicals in one year. Here's a partial list:

Additives

Acetone -

Acetic Acid - Vinegar

Ammonia -

Arsenic - poison

Butane - Cigarette Lighter Fluid

Cadmium - Rechargeable Battery

Carbon Monoxide -

DDT /Dieldrin -

Ethanol -

Formaldehyde -

Hexamine - Barbecue Lighter

Hydrogen Cyanide -

Methane - Swamp Gas

Methanol -

Naphthalene - Mothballs

Nicotine -

Nitrobenzene - Gasoline Additive

Stearic Acid - Candle Wax

Toluene - Industrial Solvent

Vinyl Chloride - Makes PVC2

Cancer Causing Chemicals Nitrosamines Chrysene Cadmium Benzo(a)pyrene Polonium 210 Nickel P.A.H.S Dibenz Acridine B-Napthylamine Urethane Nitrosonornicotine Toluidine

Nicotine...Friend or Foe?

Q: Does nicotine cause cancer?

A:

Q: If nicotine does not cause cancer, what does?

A: 

Q: Why don't the cigarette companies just take the tar out of the tobacco?

A: 

Q: Why don't the cigarette companies just take the nicotine out of the tobacco?

A: 

Q: Isn't it better to switch to a low tar, low nicotine cigarettes?

A:

Q: I have a hard time quitting smoking. Is there a safer way to get nicotine?

A: 

Q: Won't I get hooked on nicotine in the patch, gum, nasal spray, lozenge, or inhaler?A: Most people find it easy to get off nicotine medicines after a few months. Cigarettes get you addicted by delivering nicotine quickly to your brain. Nicotine in smoke enters your lungs as a vapor and reaches your brain in seconds. That is why most smokers feel satisfied after one or two drags on a cigarette. Products like the nicotine patch, gum, nasal spray, lozenge, or inhaler deliver nicotine slowly. Nicotine gets absorbed through the skin or through the lining of the nose or mouth.

Q: Does nicotine replacement really work, or is it just another way to get money out of smokers?A: Nothing will work unless you want it to. Nicotine medications can help by your cravings for a cigarette and are proven to increase your chances of quitting.

The Dark Side of Your Light Cigarettes

Are light cigarettes safer for you?Light cigarettes are than smoking regular ones.Despite all the marketing hype with lighter colors used in the packaging and official looking statements about tar and nicotine levels, the truth is light and regular cigarettes are virtually identical. Vent holes that are drilled into the filter can make you inhale smoke deeper into your lungs. The illusion of a light cigarette comes from nearly invisible vent holes that are drilled in the filter. How to see your vent holes:

1. Tear off the paper covering your filter tip and hold it up to the light. You should be able to see the tiny vent holes.

2. More or bigger vents holes mean that you may take deeper puffs. Turning a "light" cigarette into a not-so-light cigarette.

3. The vent holes can also get covered and clogged duringsmoking, so you inhale more cancer causing tar. Light cigarettes have more !Cigarette makers often add extra chemicals to hide the harsh feel of the smoke. The lighter feel of the smoke makes it easier to inhale the dirty smoke deeper into the lungs.

E-Cigarettes: Know the FactsE-cigarettes should not be used to replace smoking

 

Quitting combustible cigarettes is the best thing one can do for improved health.There are U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medications (e.g., nicotine replacement or varenicline/Chantix), that when used in combination with individual or group counseling, are shown to be the most successful ways to help smokers quit.

What is an e-cigarette? E-cigarettes (also known as Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, or ENDS)

devices that deliver nicotine through a flavored vapor.

They are made so users can feel like they are inhaling tobacco smoke, without burning tobacco which occurs with a cigarette.

E-cigarettes are not approved by the FDA as an effective method to help smokers quit. There is no regulation or quality control.1

The evidence is insufficient at this time on utilizing e-cigarettes for quitting 2

What do we know about the e-cigarette? The amount of in an e-cigarette varies. U.S. Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) testing has shown that nicotine amounts do not always match the labeling.

It remains unknown if e-cigarettes are safe. Levels of carcinogens and toxicants are lower than in combustible cigarettes.3

Further research is needed to determine health related consequences.

What does this information mean? Current evidence is insufficient to recommend use of electronic nicotine delivery

systems (e.g., e-cigarettes) for tobacco cessation in adults.4

Medications approved by the FDA (e.g., nicotine replacement or varenicline/Chantix), in combination with individual or group counseling, are shown to be the most successful ways to help smokers quit.

Menthol Cigarettes...Not So Cool

Research has already demonstrated the harmful effects of menthol cigarettes and how they are more than just an added flavoring. Menthol cigarettes produce higher carbon monoxide levels in the bloodstream which can increase the absorption of nicotine, make deep inhalation easier to tolerate and result in greater addiction (Jarvik ME, et. al., 1994). Fortunately the FDA is now recognizing the appeal of the mint flavoring that makes it easier to start smoking and harder to quit (New York Times, 2013)

Q: Are menthol cigarettes safer?1. There is no in tobacco plants.2. Menthol is added to cigarettes to make the smoke feel

. But the smoke is still dangerous.Smokers of menthol cigarettes tend to hold the smoke in their lungs longer.

1. Holding the smoke longer allows more poisons to be absorbed.2. The cooler feel of menthol the cheaper tobaccos that cigarette

manufacturers often use in menthol brands. There is nothing refreshing or natural about menthol. Menthol is an additive put in cigarettes to make smokers believe that the cigarette is less dangerous. This is a lie.Don't be fooled by the hype:

1. While menthol may feel cool on the throat, it is simply hiding the harsh poisons in the smoke.

Your Cigarettes May be Killing You

Q: Does the filter on your cigarette really make it safer?Most people mistakenly believe that smoking a filtered cigarette is safer than smoking a non-filtered cigarette. This is false.Health studies show that smoking filtered cigarettes do not keep you from getting sick. Filters do not protect you from bad chemicals and, in some ways, they may be more dangerous than non-filtered cigarettes.

Why don't filters work? Filters block all the bad chemicals in smoke. Filtered smoke feels milder on the throat, making it easier to take

puffs. Filters help block only the biggest tar particles while letting through the smaller bits of tar

that can travel deeper into your lungs.Filters are defective — and the companies know it. You may be inhaling filter fibers into your lungs.

Most cigarette filters are made of the same material as camera film (cellulose acetate). Each individual filter is made of thousands of tiny fibers. The inside of the filter is painted white to make it appear clean.

During smoking, these fibers can come off into your mouth and be inhaled into your lungs.Charcoal filters are no better.If you smoke a cigarette with a charcoal filter, not only can you get fibers in your body, you can also get tiny bits of charcoal.

Close up of a filter with fibers dangling off

Tar-coated filter fiber stuck in lung tissue.

What cigarette manufacturers will not tell you:Tobacco industry documents show that they have known about filter fiber fallout since at least the 1950s. "Carbon particles were released from all cigarettes tested. In some studies, the particles released from cigarette filters were described as: ".too numerous to count." Memo to Judy Nash from Nancy R. Ryan. February 18, 1982. "Filter particle fallout." Bates No. 1000805035. "He said when [a filter] plug is cut ...there always remains a few loose, hard particles of filament. These loose, hard pieces of material are then sucked down into the lungs of the smoker."

Memo to Mr. O.P. McComas from Anne C. Stubing. May 1, 1957. (no title). Bates No. 2040015018-2040015020.

Don't be fooledThe filter on your cigarette may be causing you more .

 

Secondhand Smoke FactsWhat is secondhand smoke?Secondhand smoke is also known as environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) or passive smoke. It is a mixture of 2 forms of smoke that comes from burning tobacco:

smoke: smoke that comes from the end of a lighted cigarette, pipe, or cigar

smoke: smoke that is exhaled by a smoker

Secondhand smoke is harmful to children.11% of children aged 6 years and under are exposed to ETS in their homes on a regular basis (4 or more days per week). Parents are responsible of children's exposure to secondhand smoke. The developing lungs of young children are severely affected by secondhand smoke. Children have higher breathing rates than adults. Children have over their indoor environments. Children receiving high doses of secondhand smoke, such as those with

smoking mothers, run the greatest risk of damaging health effects. For children, secondhand smoke can cause: 

Premature death Inner Ear Infections Asthma attacks and severity of symptoms Increases the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Lower respiratory tract infections like pneumonia and bronchitis.

Secondhand smoke can hurt your friendsYour furry friends don't just inhale smoke; the smoke particles are also trapped in their fur and ingested when they groom themselves with their tongues. A study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology found that in smoking households had a percent greater risk of lung cancer; a different study showed that long-nosed dogs, such as collies or greyhounds, were twice as likely to develop nasal cancer if they lived with smokers. Another vet study found that cats whose owners smoked were three times as likely to develop lymphoma, the most common feline cancer. For your pets, secondhand smoke may cause:   

Respiratory infections Slower lung growth Lung inflammation Cancer Asthma Lymphoma in cats

 More bad news about secondhand smoke?1. Tobacco smoke contains over chemical compounds.

More than of these are known or suspected to cause cancer.2. There is no safe level of exposure to secondhand smoke.3. Secondhand smoke is classified as a "known human carcinogen" (cancer-causing

agent) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the US National Toxicology Program, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), a branch of the World Health Organization. 

4. Secondhand smoke causes premature death and disease in children and in adults who do not smoke.

5. Secondhand smoke immediately affects the heart and blood circulation in a harmful way. Over a longer time it also causes heart disease and lung cancer.

6. Many millions of Americans, both children and adults, are still exposed to secondhand smoke in their homes and workplaces despite a great deal of progress in tobacco control.

7. The only way to fully protect from exposure to secondhand smoke indoors is to prevent all smoking in that indoor space or building. Separating smokers from non-smokers, cleaning the air, and ventilating buildings cannot keep non-smokers from being exposed to secondhand smoke.

Tobacco Trivia

Every seconds, somewhere in the world, someone dies of tobacco-related causes. Tobacco kills more Americans each year than alcohol, cocaine, crack, heroin, homicide, suicide, car accidents, fire and AIDS combined.

Tobacco products are the only legal consumer products that are LETHAL when used exactly as the manufacturer intends.

Cigarettes are the leading cause of deaths in the USA. Each year, the American Association of Poison Control Centers receives reports of

poisoning in young children who eat tobacco products.

Smokers pay twice as much for life insurance and will die an average of years earlier than non-smokers.

It costs tobacco companies approximately to produce a pack of cigarettes.

There are 69 known carcinogens in cigarettes. 

Tobacco smoke contains at least 7,000 chemicals including: ammonia, cyanide, arsenic, and formaldehyde.

Cigarette butts take about years to decompose. Cigarette butts are the major source of litter in the USA.

Tobacco company executives don't generally use their own products. They leave that for "the young, the poor and the stupid," as R.J. Reynolds executives once told one of their Winston models.

Thinking About Quitting?   Know the Facts About Smoking Dangers FirstTobacco kills more Americans each year than alcohol, cocaine, crack, heroin, homicide, suicide, car accidents, fire and AIDS COMBINED.The most common diseases caused by smoking are:

1. Heart and caused by inhaling carbon monoxide

2. Lung cancer, caused by the carcinogens in the tar in cigarette smoke3. Cancer of the lip, mouth, throat, larynx, bladder, pancreas, stomach, kidney, and cervix,

caused by exposure to the toxins in cigarette smoke4. Emphysema, caused by , and chronic bronchitis, caused by

irritants in tobacco smoke

A healthy lung A lung after years of smoking

Smokers are more likely to: Get colds and Have shortness of breath and wheezing Get cataracts and macular degeneration Have gum disease and Have problems getting pregnant Become impotent Have problems sleeping or falling asleep Have memory problems Develop stomach ulcers Have high Develop emphysema, chronic bronchitis, or asthma Have diabetes complications Have circulation problems Develop premature facial wrinkles

Think Smoking Only Affects You?Children exposed to secondhand smoke are more likely to get:

Pneumonia Ear infections Bronchitis Severe asthma Behavior problems Cavities

Adults exposed to secondhand smoke are more likely to have: Heart disease Lung cancer

Family pets exposed to second hand smoke are more likely to develop: Breathing problems Sinus/nasal infections Nasal cancer Lung cancer

Instructions: Go to “Resources” and select “Videos.” Then scroll down until you see the video, “Smoking and Finances.” Watch the video to answer the following questions:

Smokers can spend up to of their income on cigarettes. A pack-a-day smoker can spend up to per month on cigarettes. That adds up to about per year on cigarettes. Many smokers have to pay more for health insurance than non-smokers. Wanting to use your money on more important things than cigarettes is a good idea. Quitting smoking allowed one man to save enough money to buy a car with cash.

Click the “Roswell Park Cancer Institute, New York State Smokers' Quitline: Importance of Media” video. Watch the video to answer the following questions: Tobacco use is the of preventable death in New York State. Nearly is the result of tobacco use. More than 500,000 New Yorker’s suffer from a tobacco-related disease. Today, there is approximately in New York and most of them want to quit smoking.

What to Expect When You Stop SmokingMay last a few days to a week...

Coughing: This is your body's way of your lungs Tightness in chest: As fresh air fills your lungs, they may feel tighter. Mouth Sores: Your mouth has withstood years of hot smoke. You may experience this

as your body begins to heal. Dizziness: Your body is taking in more oxygen and blood flow is returning to normal.

This may lead to temporary lightheadedness. Cravings: You may have a strong desire to smoke or eat during the first few days after

you quit.May last a little longer...

Change in sleep: Your may have more as your body adjusts to not smoking.

Feeling irritable: Your body will begin to sense the loss of nicotine. This causes inner changes and some tension.

Lack of concentration: As your body withdraws from nicotine, you may experience an inability to focus.

Weight gain: Some people will gain weight after quitting.  Once your smoking is under control, you can work on the extra pounds.

How to Quit!Use this Quitsite to get yourself ready to live smoke-free.Here are some helpful links to help you quit smoking for good.

1. Do you want to quit?  2. Get ready to quit3. Plan your 4. Learn about medications and Medicaid benefits.5. Order free patches and use our smoke-free community. 6. Stay for the rest of your life.