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ERA 6 EXAM

Part I: Multiple Choice

1. In Europe, a major characteristic of humanism was…a. a belief in the supremacy of the state in

relation to individual rights .b. a rejection of ancient civilizations and

their cultures.c. an emphasis on social control and

obedience to national rulers.d. an appreciation for the basic worth of

individual achievement.

2. Which statement best describes a characteristic of the Renaissance?a. the social structure became very rigid b. creativity in the arts was encouraged c. the political structure was similar to that

of the Roman Empired. humanism decreased in importance

3. Which statement describes a direct effect of the Renaissance in Europe?a. The philosophy of humanism brought

about a decrease in the power of the Roman Catholic Church.

b. Art began to reflect an increased emphasis on religious themes.

c. Nationalistic movements among the minority ethnic groups in the region declines.

d. The feudal system was developed to provide stability in a decentralized political structure.

4. The Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation were similar in that both were…a. stimulated by a spirit of inquiry.b. supported by the working class.c. limited to Italy, France, and Germany. d. encouraged by the successes of the

French Revolution.

5. One factor that enabled the Renaissance to flourish in Italy was that the country had…a. a wealthy class that invested in the arts.b. a socialist form of government.c. limited contact with the Byzantine

Empire.d. a shrinking middle class.

6. How was European society during the Renaissance different from European society during the Middle Ages?a. the Church was no longer influential.b. the emphasis on individual worth

increased.c. economic activity declined. d. art no longer contained religious themes.

7. Which statement concerning the Renaissance in Europe is based on opinion rather than on fact?a. The Bible began to appear in languages

other than Latin. b. The art of the Michelangelo was superior

to that of Leonardo da Vinci.c. Art reflected the ideas of humanism and

individualism. d. Art produced during the Renaissance

had religious as well as secular themes.

8. The spread of Martin Luther’s views led to the establishment of…

a. Judaism.b. Catholicism.c. Mormonism.d. Protestantism.

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9. A direct effect of the Columbian Exchange and the Age of Exploration was the spread of…

a. Judaism.b. Buddhism.c. Christianity.d. Islam.

10. Which 16th century empire was located in Mexico?

a. Aztecsb. Incansc. Mongolsd. Mali

11. Martin Luther’s 95 Thesis was a call for…a. religious revolt against the German

princes.b. reforms within the Roman Catholic

Church.c. greater papal authority. d. crusades to spread Christianity.

12. In Europe, a major immediate effect of the Reformation was a…

a. renewed domination of the Catholic Church over the German states.

b. greater tolerance of religions other than Christianity.

c. decrease in educational opportunities for the middle class.

d. increase in new Christian denominations in Europe and a decline of Catholic Church power.

13. During the Renaissance, which development contributed most to the Protestant Reformation?

a. Interest in Ancient Greece and Rome b. Advances in mathematics and

science c. Questioning of traditional authority d. Attention to realism and detail

14. Why was it beneficial for the Scientific Revolution figures to be born during the Renaissance time period?

a. The Renaissance was a time of great weather which led to new inventions.

b. The Renaissance was a time period of questioning previous beliefs of the universe.

c. Because Florence was full of patrons.d. Because Pisa was the home of

Europe’s finest universities.

15. Which was an immediate result of the European Age of Exploration?

a. Islamic culture spread across Africa and Asia.

b. European influence spread to the Western hemisphere.

c. Independence movements developed in Asia and Africa.

d. Military dictatorships were established throughout Europe.

16. The Native American population of Mexico in 1492 has been estimated at 25 million; the population in 1608 has been estimated at 1.7 million. This decrease in population was mainly a result of…

a. crop failures brought on by poor weather conditions.

b. emigration of Native Americans to Europe and Africa.

c. wars between various native groups. d. diseases introduced by the Spanish

explorers.

17. In the Americas during the period of European colonialism, the deaths of large numbers of the native people led to…

a. a decline in Spanish immigration to the Americas.

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b. the removal of most Spanish troops from the Americas.

c. the importation of slaves from Africa.

d. improved health care in the colonies.

18. One reason the Spanish conquistadors were able to conquer the Aztec and Inca Empires rapidly is that…

a. these empires had no standing armies.

b. the Spanish had better weapons than the Aztecs and Incas did.

c. the Spanish greatly outnumbered the Aztecs and Incas.

d. the Aztecs and Incas joined together to fight the Spanish.

19. Which was a characteristic of the policy of mercantilism?

a. The colonies were forced to develop local industries to support themselves.

b. Spain sought trade agreements between its colonies and the English colonies in North America.

c. The colonies were required to provide raw materials to European countries.

d. Spain encouraged the colonies to develop new political systems to meet colonial needs.

20. History of slavery in Brazil

1819 – slaves were 1/3 of the population

1825 – slaves were 1/2 of the population

1888 – slavery ended; however many freedoms were not given

Slavery existed in Brazil until 1888. Which is likely an effect of the history of slavery in Brazil?

a. high levels of literacyb. many different ecological climatesc. an abundance of jobsd. large differences of income

21. One result of the European conquest of Latin America was that in Latin America…

a. Spanish became the major spoken language.

b. native American cultures flourished.c. the Aztec religion spread.d. many parliamentary democracies

were established.

22. Francis Bacon, Galileo, and Isaac Newton promoted the idea that knowledge should be based on…

a. the experiences of past civilizations. b. scientific inquiry.c. emotions and feelings.d. the teachings of the Catholic Church.

23. Which statement best describes the works of Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, and Sir Isaac Newton.?

a. The acceptance of traditional authority was strengthened.

b. The scientific method was used to solve problems.

c. Funding to education was increased by the English government.

d. Interest in Greek and Roman drama was renewed.

24. How did Johannes Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press have an effect on the Reformation?

a. It meant scholars no longer had to travel.b. It created jobs for monks.c. It led to the establishment of new

universities.d. It spread new ideas and translations

of the Bible.

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25. What was one goal of the Council of Trent?a. To put an end to punishing people

for heresy.b. To reach agreements with Protestant

leaders.c. To correct previous abuses in the

Catholic Church.d. To translate the Bible into every

language in the known world.

26. The Columbian Exchange refers to…a. The trading of spices, silks, and

porcelain between Europe and Asia.b. The voyage of Christopher

Columbus from Spain to the Americans.

c. The bringing into, such as goods or diseases to one country from another.

d. The exchange of ideas, foods, and diseases between the Old World and the New World.

27. Which factor influenced the settlement of coastal regions of West Africa during the Age of Exploration?

a. economic resources such as gold, silver, and salt

b. European overpopulationc. diplomatic relationsd. physical geography of the coast

28. For what reason would a society undergo change?

a. A change in authority/power.

b. New scientific discoveries.c. New religious and/or governmental

beliefs.d. All of the above.

29. Suppose you could look at several paintings made in Italy during the Renaissance. Which would most likely be included in the paintings?

a. A focus on animals living free in nature.

b. Mythological creatures from fairy tales.

c. Focus on human achievement and correct body structures.

d. Religious figures that have disproportional body features.

30. Galileo Galilei was put on house arrest by the Roman Catholic Church for supporting what theory of the universe?

a. Models of Starsb. Adamistc. Geo-centrismd. Helio-centrism

31. Which geographic factor contributed most to Italy’s economic success during the Renaissance?

a. its mountainsb. its locationc. its forestsd. its climate

Part II: Primary Source Readings

32. Christians should be taught that he who gives to a poor man or lends to a needy man does better than if he used the money to buy an indulgence.

Which major movement in European history started with the idea expressed in this statement?4

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a. The Scientific Revolution b. The Age of Exploration c. The Renaissance d. The Protestant Reformation

33. Unless I am convinced by Scripture and plain reason... my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will not recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. Here I stand, I cannot do otherwise.

-Martin Luther, The Diet of Worms, 1517

When Martin Luther said “my conscience is captive to the Word of God,” he was referring to his belief in…

a. the supremacy of the Bible over Church policies. b. imprisoning those who disagreed with Church teachings. c. maintaining the unity of the Church. d. the need for nepotism.

34. The Spanish conducted slave-raiding expeditions along the west coast of Africa before the Navàez and de Soto expeditions to Florida, a practice that had become widespread through the Spanish new world since the Columbian voyages. Queen Isabella forbade the practice, but the Spanish monarchs agreed in 1503 to what was later called the Encomienda system. Under this system, Spaniards would be granted an allotment of Indians who were to be protected and Christianized. In essence the natives became forced laborers who worked the land, labored in the mines, and constructed public buildings.

- Hernando de Soto, The Discovery of the Mississippi, 1519

How did the Spanish leaders in the Americas misuse the Encomienda system?

a. Missionaries attempted to build Christian institutions for the natives.b. Natives were forced to pay leaders gold for protection.c. Land was taken from the inhabitants and natives were enslaved.d. Natives were introduced to the practice of democracy.

Part III: Graphs

35. This table describes the triangular trade between Europe, the Americas, and…

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Exports from the Americas Imports to the Americas

Gold Sugar Tobacco Furs

Slaves Iron Furniture Books

a. Africab. Asiac. Australiad. South America

36. Which of the following most likely resulted from the change in this table?

European Cities with Printing Presses1470 – 1500

Year Number of Cities

1470 141480 1041490 1671500 213

a. Higher literacy ratesb. Decline in religionc. Stronger monarchies (kings and queens)d. End of the Renaissance

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37. What correctly goes in the box above?a. Islamb. Christianityc. Buddhismd. Hinduism

38. What correctly goes in the box above?a. Baptistb. Islamc. Christianityd. Buddhism

Part IV: Constructed Response: Write on a notecard (2 points)

39. & 40. According to the illustration on the board, what were the causes of the Renaissance time period and in your opinion, which one had the greatest impact? Why?

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Lutheranism Methodist Church#38Protestantism Catholicism #37