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Centro Scolastico Paritario “Galileo Galilei”Istituto professionale per i Servizi Alberghieri e della Ristorazione
Via Ottaviano Augusto n.35 – Nola (NA)
PIANO DI LAVORO ANNUALE DI LINGUA INGLESE
CLASSE: 1^ ADocente: Santaniello Rosanna
La seguente dispensa include:-spiegazioni di regole grammaticali -esercizi, ognuno con richieste differenti-sezioni dedicate all’acquisizione di vocaboli riguardanti vari topics e in particolar modo l’area tematica di specializzazione-Reading: letture consigliate e comprensioni dei testi-Writing: esercitazione nella scrittura-attività quali Listenig and Speaking (ascolto e parlato) saranno svolte in classe con il docente al fine di sviluppare la capacità di interagire in modo costruttivo all’interno di lavori di gruppo facendo riferimento ad eventi pratici di attività. Infine si troverà all’interno della dispensa testi con approfondimenti relativi usi,costumi e aspetti generali della Gran Bretagna.
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Di seguito i contenuti che costituiscono il Piano di Studio suddivisi nelle tre aree tematiche:
Strutture grammaticali Funzioni comunicative Aree lessicali
Present Simple La struttura della frase in inglese Pronomi personali soggetto e complemento Aggettivi possessivi Pronomi possessivi Pronomi riflessivi Pronomi dimostrativi this, that, these, those There is, there are Articoli a/an, theGenitivo sassonePreposizioni di luogoPresent simple/Past simpleAvverbi ed espressioni di frequenzaPresent continuousPresent continuous o Present simple?Sostantivi numerabili e non numerabiliSome/any(How) much/many? Comparative and superlativesVerbi modaliForme per esprimere il futuroGerundio e infinitoUsed to
Parlare di sé , della famiglia e della casaPaesi e aggettivi di nazionalitàParlare di possessoParlare di dove si trovano gli oggettiDire l’oraParlare della routine quotidianaDire con che frequenza si svolgono delle attivitàDescrivere le persone Scrivere una lettera informaleParlare di azioni in corso in questo momento o nel periodo attualeFare, accettare e rifiutare delle proposteParlare di cibo, alimentazione e quantitàParlare di dietaIdiomi
L’alfabeto I numeri cardinali Mesi, stagioni e giorni della settimanaLe stanze di una casaLa famiglia, aspetto fisicoOggetti personaliOrari e dateRoutine quotidiana Cibo e bevandeElettrodomestici da cucinaCultura generale del Regno Unito
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Word order in english sentencesNella frase inglese la posizione delle parole è quasi sempre la stessa:Soggetto+ verbo+ complemento:I like english food.La negazione si forma sempre con Not:I don’t like english food.Nella forma interrogative abbiamo:L’ausiliare Do/Does+ soggetto+ verbo+complemento.Do I like english food?P.s: I verbi che sono già ausiliari o simili quali per esempio be- have got e modali NON HANNO bisogno dell’ausiliare Do/Does. Esempio: - Are you hungry?- Has he got pens, pencils and a rubber?- May I go to the toilet, please?
The english QUESTION TAGS
Le Question Tags corrispondono in italiano alle espressioni vero?/non è vero? usate di solito a fine frase per avere una conferma di quanto è stato detto.
COME SI FORMANO
La formazione delle Question Tags prevede tre passaggi:
1. si ripete l’ausiliare o il modale della frase principale o in caso non ci fossero modali o ausiliari, usando do, does, did, secondo il tempo usato nella frase principale.2. la forma della Question Tag va posta al contrario di quella della frase principale, e cioè se la frase principale è affermativa, la Question Tag sarà negativa e viceversa .3. l'ausiliare, il modale o do, does, did sono seguiti dal pronome personale soggettocorrispondente al soggetto della frase principale. Ad esempio partiamo dalla fraseMark is going to the cinema = Mark sta andando al cinema.
In questo caso l'ausiliare è is in quanto il verbo TO GO si trova nella forma progressiva del presente (Present Progressive), quindi dopo la virgola si inserisce l'ausiliare nella forma negativa (isn't) e il pronome personale soggetto (he) corrispondente al soggetto della frase principale (Mark) e la frase sarà così completata
Mark is going to the cinema, isn't he? = Mark sta andando al cinema, non è vero?
Ecco alcuni esempi di Question Tags con differenti ausiliari e modali
FRASE PRINCIPALE QUESTION TAGS
Sarah is a student, isn't she?
Paul can swim, can’t he ?
They haven’t got a computer, have they?
John has just arrived, hasn’t he?
The dog had barked in the garden, hadn't it?
You would like a cup of coffee, wouldn’t you?
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You aren’t studying are you?
She went to the disco yesterday night, didn’t she?
Ben and Terry play tennis on Sundays, don’t they?
George loves her, doesn’t he?
Nota bene: nelle question tags viene usato come soggetto sempre e solo il pronome personaleSarah is a student, isn't she? Paul can swim, can’t he ?Ben and Terry play tennis on Sundays, don’t they?
Esercizi:ESERCIZI
Esercizio 1Forma le question tags nelle seguenti frasi:1.You are tired, 2.Tom can't cook,_____3.Susan wouldn't come 4.It's beautiful, 5.He isn't Paul's son, 6.there are some people, 7.Liza loves cooking, 8.Tom and Paul eat burgers on Monday, __ 9.Your parents don't like golf,
Complete these sentences about the USA with question tags.
1. People speak English in the USA, ………………………………...2. Jack knows quite a lot about the USA, …………………………3. He has often been to the USA, …………………………………..4. The Navajo Indians lived in Arizona, …………………………….5. San Francisco is in California, ……………………………………..6. Jefferson wasn’t the first president, …………………………….7. Columbus discovered America, …………………………………...8. The Americans drive on the right, ……………………………….9. The shops stay open very late in America, ……………………...10. July 4th is Independence Day, ……………………………………...11. Texas and California were once Spanish, ……………………….12. Alaska hasn’t always belonged to the USA, ………………..13. You can ski in the Rockies in summer, …………………..14. You shouldn’t go on the New York subway at night..........................................................
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VERBO ESSERE - TO BE
To Be traduce in inglese il verbo italiano "Essere".
Tuttavia vi sono dei casi in cui le frasi con il verbo To Be corrispondono ad espressioni italiane con "Avere" ovvero quando il verbo "Avere" non viene utilizzato per indicare possesso bensì uno stato o una condizione.
Eccone alcuni esempi:Ho 37 anni. = I am 37 (years old)Ho fame = I am hungry Ho freddo = I am cold Ho ragione = I am right Ho sonno= I am sleepy Ho paura = I am scaredHo fretta = I am in a hurry
Nella seguente tabella ci sono la forma estesa (EST) e quella contratta (CON) delPresente Semplice del verbo essere:
FORME AFFER NEGATIVA INTERROGINTERROG- NEGATIVA
EST
I am You are He is She is It isWe are You are They are
I am not You are not He is not She is not It is notWe are not You are not They are not
Am I …? Are you…? Is he…?Is she…? Is it…?Are we...?Are you...?Are they...?
Am I not…? Are you not..? Is he not…?Is she not…? Is it not…?Are we not...?Are you not...? Are they not..?
CON
I'm You're He's She's It's We're You'reThey're
I'm not You aren't He isn't She isn't It isn'tWe aren't You aren'tThey aren't
La forma interrogativa non ha la forma contratta
Aren't I…?* Aren't you..? Isn't he…?Isn't she…? Isn't it…?Aren't we...?Aren't you...?Aren't they..?
La forma estesa viene usata prevalentemente nella lingua scritta.*La forma contratta di Am I not...? usata nel parlato è Aren't I...?
Present Simple
Questo tempo verbale si usa per:1. descrivere delle situazioni, delle azioni e degli eventi ricorrenti. ESEMPI: ogni giorno mi alzo alle 7; ogni mercoledì vado in palestra; ogni Natale vado a pranzo fuori, etc.
2.per descrivere delle "verità" o dei dati di fatto. Es: l'acqua bolle a 100°C. Per comporre frasi con il present simple è necessario conoscere i verbi all'infinito, per poi poterli coniugare.
VERBI ALL'INFINITOEcco un riepilogo dei verbi incontrati in questo volume (all'infinito): INFINITO
TRADUZIONE INFINITOTRADUZIONE
to answer rispondere to meet incontrareconoscere persone per la prima volta
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to call chiamare telefonare
to need avere bisogno di
to come venire to open aprire
Specchietto riassuntivo per formazione della terza persona singolare:
3rd PERSON SINGULAR SPELLING RULES:General rule: add -s
walk – she walkstalk – she talksanswer – answers
Verbs ending in s, ss, ch, sh, x: add -esmiss – she misseswatch – she watcheswash – washesfix – she fixes
Verbs ending in o: add -es
go – she goesdo – she does
Verbs ending in consonant + y: change the y into i and add -esstudy – she studiestidy – she tidies
Verbs ending in vowel + y: add -s
play – she playsenjoy – she enjoysstay – she stays
ESERCIZIEsercizio 1Volgi le seguenti frasi alla forma interrogativa (?) o negativa (-):
1.He is very intelligent (-) 2.We are happy (?)3.You are my friend (-) 4.It is a lovely day (?) 5.They are tall (?, -)
Esercizio 2Completa le frasi con il verbo essere e completa le risposte brevi quando presenti:
1. she your daughter? No, . She my sister! 2. you French? Yes, ___ 3.I'_ Carlo, a Spanish student.4.We (not) cousins; we brothers. 5.It (not) a pen! It' a USB stick.6. _ they late?7.No, . They early!8.We (not) your new teachers.8. (Tom) your friend?
Esercizio 3Correggi gli errori, se ci sono:
1.I're your friend! 2.Tom's your friend? No, it isn't. 3.We're happy!
4.He'sn't happy.5.Mum and Dad is happy6.I amn't Tom. I'm Nicholas! 7.Are Elisa your sister? Yes, she's8.Are Tom and Jennifer your friends? Yes, they're 9.No, they're my cousins10.You happy? Yes, I am
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Write the third person singular in the present simple of the following verbs in the right place.
forget fly brush open say pray
pay understand throw echo cook hurrytouch study finish apply catch like
go want try stay enjoy wishplay supply do obey relax Undo
--------------------- ------------------- --------------------- --------------------- ---------------- ------------------------------------- ------------------- --------------------- --------------------- ---------------- ------------------------------------- ------------------- --------------------- --------------------- ---------------- ------------------------------------- ------------------- --------------------- --------------------- ---------------- ------------------------------------- ------------------- --------------------- --------------------- ---------------- ----------------
Fill in the blanks with the present simple of the verbs in brackets.
1. Janet _______________ (watch) a film on TV.2. The girl _______________ (finish) her homework.3. My father ________________ (fix) the TV.4. The children ______________ (visit) the museum every school year.5. Helen _______ (wash) her hair every two days.6. My friend _____________ (try) to cheer me up.7. My mother _______________ (guide) me.8. They _________ (offer) me a CD every Christmas.9. I _________ (wait) for you whatever happens.10. My mother always ______ (divide) the cake in six.
11. My family ____ (plan) a trip to the UK every year.12. Mr. Harris is the one who usually _____________ (carry) the heavy boxes to the attic.13. I normally _________ (talk) to John on the phone.14. Karen and Sara _____________ (play) the guitar.15. The students _____ (describe) their homes easily.16. Tom ______________________ (collect) stamps.17. The young boy ________________ (cry) for help.18. Susan __________________ (wrap) the present.19. Katy ____________ (admire) her grandmother.20. Babies _____________ (like) to clap their hands.
Fill in the gaps with the Present Simple (negative) of the verbs in brackets.
1. David _________________ (not / watch) films in the cinema.2. Carol _________________ (not / like) to go to parties.3. My parents _________________ (not / go) to restaurants.4. Peter _________________ (not / close) the door when he enters.5. Nicole __________________ (not / obey) any rule.6. Jewels ___________________ (not / disappear) just like that!7. I ___________________ (not / like) to wait too much long.8. Mrs. Underwood ___________________ (not / understand) me.9. The students __________________ (not / identify) the subject in the sentence.10. The naughty boys _________________ (not / apologise) for their bad behaviour as a rule.11. Caroline __________________ (not / like) to be disturbed.12. Thieves ___________________ (not / admit) that they steal.
Now use the interrogative form of the present simple.
1. _______________________ (the girl / blush) when her boyfriend kisses her?2. _______________________ (Caroline / like) to be disturbed?3. _______________________ (you / explain) clearly?4. _______________________ (Mum / cook) dinner every day?5. _______________________ (the pupil / ask) for help?6. _______________________ (girls / enjoy) going to parties?7. _______________________ (you / visit) the museum regularly?8. _______________________ (Charles / arrive) early as a rule?9. _______________________ (secretaries / make) hotel reservations?10. _______________________ (Mrs. Clark / water) the plants?
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11. _______________________ (the cat / scratch) the front door?12. _______________________ (your sister / cook) well?
Rewrite the sentences both in the negative and interrogative forms.
1. I walk to school.NEG. ___________________________INT. ___________________________
2. That driver never stops at the traffic lights.NEG. ___________________________INT. ___________________________
3. The boys play football quite well.NEG. ___________________________INT. ___________________________
4. This kite flies real high.NEG. ___________________________INT. ___________________________
5. I talk to Andrew every single day.NEG. ___________________________INT. ___________________________
6. Michael works in a big company.NEG. ___________________________INT. ___________________________
7. My Mum mixes all the ingredients.NEG. ___________________________INT. ___________________________
8. My brother Alfred studies Spanish at school.NEG. ___________________________INT. ___________________________
Daily Routine
A - Translate the following expressions into your own language.
Wake up = Leave home = Talk on the phone = Download music and films =Get up = Go to school= Work on the computer = Play computer game=Get dressed/put the shoes on = Arrive at school = Feed the cat/dog = Surf the net =Go to the bathroom = Start school = Read = Update my status on the
facebookHave a shower = Finish school = Write = Check my e-mail =Brush my teeth = Do the homework= Do the housework = Get undressed =Comb my hair = Come back home = Walk the dog = Say the prayers =Have breakfast = Help my mother at home = Watch TV = Go to bed =Make the bed = Have lunch/dinner Listen to music = Go to sleep/fall asleep =
B – Fill in the blanks with the Simple Present of the verbs in brackets:Peter (1) __________ (start) his day at 7.oo. He (2) __________ (have) breakfast in the kitchen with all the family. Each member (3) __________ (fix) his own breakfast. Peter (4) __________ (like) orange juice, toast and milk. He always(5) __________ (have) an apple: his mother (6)__________ (believe) “an apple a day (7) __________ (keep) the doctor away”. After breakfast Peter (8) __________ (make) his bed and (9) __________ (tidy) up his bedroom. He (10) __________ (get) ready for lessons. He mustn’t be late, mother (11) __________ (be) very strict.At 8.00 the Hanson kids (12) __________ (start) their lessons. At midday they (13) __________ (have) lunch. Then it’s sport time: they (14) __________ (love) playing basketball, in-line staking and skate-boarding. After a refreshing shower the Hanson brothers (15) __________ (rehearse) till dinner, because their fans (16) __________ (be) very demanding: they (17) __________ (want) every detail to be OK.
Peter and his brothers (18) __________ (not/have) dinner with their parents as their father is always late. Their mother (19) __________ (not/like) it very much. So, at weekends they (20) __________ (be) always together.
C – Fill in the blanks with the Simple Present of the verbs in brackets:Mary (1) __________ (wake) up at 7.00. Then she (2) __________ (get) up at 7.30 and she (3) __________ (go) to the bathroom. She (4) __________ (have) a shower, (5) __________ (brush) her teeth and (6) __________ (comb) her hair. Afterwards she (7) __________ (have) breakfast. Ten minutes later she (8) __________ (take) her satchel, (9) __________ (kiss) her mother and (10) __________ (catch) a bus to school with her friend Diana. They (11) __________ (start) school at 9.00. They (12) __________ (not/have) lunch at the school canteen. At three o’clock they (13) __________ (return) home.
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In the afternoon, she (14) __________ (study) her lessons and (15) __________ (ride) her bicycle. In the evening she (16) __________ (help) her mother prepare the dinner. After dinner she (17) __________ (watch) TV, her mother (18) __________ (read) a magazine and her father (19) __________ (go) to bed earlier since he (20) __________ (be) always the first in the family to get up.
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THINGS TO REMEMBER!
20 TWENTY 30 THIRTY 40 FORTY 50 FIFTY 60 SIXTY 70 SEVENTY 80 EIGHTY 90 NINETY 68 SIXTY-EIGHT100 A/ONE HUNDRED 200 TWO HUNDRED 450 FOUR HUNDRED (AND) FIFTY 555 FIVE HUNDRED (AND) FIFTY-FIVE1000 A/ONE THOUSAND 3000 THREE THOUSAND8700 EIGHT THOUSAND (AND) SEVEN HUNDRED
1ST FIRST 11TH ELEVENTH 21ST TWENTY-FIRST 31ST THIRTY-FIRST 2ND SECOND 12TH TWELFTH 22ND TWENTY-SECOND 40TH FORTIETH 3RD THIRD 13TH THIRTEENTH 23RD TWENTY-THIRD 50TH FIFTIETH 4TH FOURTH 14TH FOURTEENTH 24TH TWENTY-FOURTH 60TH SIXTIETH 5TH FIFTH 15TH FIFTEENTH 25TH TWENTY-FIFTH 70TH SEVENTIETH 6TH SIXTH 16TH SIXTEENTH 26TH TWENTY-SIXTH 80TH EIGHTIETH 7TH SEVENTH 17TH SEVENTEENTH 27TH TWENTY-SEVENTH 90TH NINETIETH 8TH EIGHTH 18TH EIGHTEENTH 28TH TWENTY-EIGHTH 100TH ONE HUNDREDTH 9TH NINTH 19TH NINETEENTH 29TH TWENTY-NINTH 1,000TH ONE THOUSANDTH 10TH TENTH 20TH TWENTIETH 30TH THIRTIETH 1,000,000TH ONE MILLIONTH
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMB OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER
5TH SEPTEMBER – THE FIFTH OF SEPTEMBERSEPTEMBER, 5TH- NOVEMBER THE FIFTH1998 – NINETEEN NINETY-EIGHT 2010- TWO THOUSAND AND TENMY BIRTHDAY IS ON THE 16TH OF JANUARY.I WAS BORN IN 1978. (I WAS BORN IN NINETEEN SEVENTY-EIGHT)
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PRONOMI PERSONALI
I Pronomi Personali si dividono in soggetto e complemento.
PRONOMI PERSONALI SOGGETTO
Persone Pronomi Personali Soggetto1° Persona Singolare I Io2° Persona Singolare You Tu3° Persona Singolare He Lui / Egli3° Persona Singolare She Lei / Ella3° Persona Singolare It Esso / Essa1° Persona Plurale We Noi2° Persona Plurale You Voi3° Persona Plurale They Loro / Essi / Esse
Nota bene:
- il pronome You si usa sia per la 2° persona singolare, sia per la 2° persona plurale e sia per il LEI, rivolto a persone con cui si ha un rapporto formale
Es: Where have you been, John? = Dove sei stato (tu),John? Excuse me Mr Jones, are you leaving tomorrow? = Mi scusi signor Jones, (lei) parte domani?
- la 3° persona singolare si esprime con per le persone con He al maschile, She al femminile, mentre per animali (eccetto quelli domestici), piante, cose e concetti astratti si usa It
- il pronome della 3° persona plurale They viene usato indistintamente per tutti
- il pronome I si scrive sempre maiuscolo
PRONOMI PERSONALI COMPLEMENTO
I Pronomi Personali Complemento sono usati dopo un verbo, come complementi diretti, o dopo una preposizione, come complementi indiretti.
Es: She is going to the cinema with him = Va al cinema con lui
Persone Pronomi Personali Complemento1° Persona Singolare me me / mi2° Persona Singolare you te / ti3° Persona Singolare him lo / gli3° Persona Singolare her la / le3° Persona Singolare it lo / gli / la / le1° Persona Plurale us ce / ci2° Persona Plurale you ve / vi3° Persona Plurale them li / gli / le
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AGGETTIVI e PRONOMI POSSESSIVI
Nella seguente tabella le forme degli aggettivi e pronomi possessivi
Persona Pronome Aggettivo
1a singolare mine my
2a singolare yours your
3a singolare (femminile) hers her
3a singolare (maschile) his his
3a singolare (neutra) - its
1a plurale ours our
2a plurale yours your
3a plurale theirs their
Nota: its non è usato come pronome possessivo
USO DEGLI AGGETTIVI e PRONOMI POSSESSIVI
Un pronome possessivo si usa al posto di un nome per non ripeterlo:
Es: Julie's car is red. Mine is blue. = L'auto di Julie è rossa. La mia è blu.
Un aggettivo possessivo si usa di solito per descrivere un nome, e viene prima del nome, come gli altri aggettivi:
Es: My car is bigger than her car. = La mia auto è più grande della sua auto.
Gli aggettivi possessivi si usano sempre davanti a parti del corpo o al vestiario
Es: He is looking for his glasses. = Sta cercando gli occhiali.
Non ci sono apostrofi negli aggettivi e pronomi possessivi:
Es: The dog wagged its tail. = Il cane scodinzolò la coda.
It's non è un pronome o aggettivo possessivo - significa it is:
Es: It's not my dog. = Non è il mio cane.
DIFFERENZE CON L'ITALIANO
- Gli aggettivi e i pronomi possessivi non sono mai preceduti da un articolo
Es: It's not my dog. = Non è il mio cane.
- Quando in italiano davanti all'aggettivo possessivo c'è l'articolo indeterminativo (un, uno, una), in inglese si usa la seguente costruzione:
articolo (a, an) + sostantivo + of + pronome possessivo
Es: That is a friend of mine. = Quello è un mio amico.
- Gli aggettivi e i pronomi possessivi sono invariabili, cioè hanno la stessa forma sia per il maschile che per il femminile, sia per il singolare che per il plurale
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Es: My dog doesn't like her dogs. = Al mio cane non piacciono i suoi cani.
- Gli aggettivi e i pronomi possessivi concordano in genere e numero con il possessore, anziché con la cosa posseduta
Es: Mike and his sister = (di lui,di Mike) Susan and her brother = Susan (di lei, di Susan)
PRONOMI RIFLESSIVI
Un pronome riflessivo è un speciale tipo di pronome.Viene di solito usato quando il complemento oggetto di una frase ne è anche soggetto.
Ogni pronome personale (I, you, he, she, it, we, you they) ha la sua forma riflessiva.
Pronomi Personali Pronomi RiflessiviI myself
You yourselfHe himselfShe herselfIt itself
We ourselvesYou yourselvesThey themselves
QUANDO USARE UN PRONOME RIFLESSIVO
I pronomi riflessivi si usano in 3 situazioni principali:
Uso Esempio
Quando il soggetto e il complemento oggetto sono lo stesso
I hurt myself. = Mi sono fatto male.The band call themselves "Riot". = Il gruppo si è chiamato "Rivolta".He shot himself. = Si è sparato.
Come complemento con preposizione, che si riferisce al soggetto
I bought a present for myself. = Mi sono comprato un regalo.She did it by herself. = L'ha fatto da sola. (da sè) That man is talking to himself. = Quell'uomo sta parlando da solo. (a se stesso)
Quando si vuole enfatizzare il soggetto
I'll do it myself. = Lo farò da solo. (Nessun altro mi aiuterà)They ate all the food themselves. = Si sono mangiati tutto il cibo. (Nessun altro ne ha avuto)The headmaster himself came to the meeting. = Il preside stesso è venuto all'incontro
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Non si usano i pronomi riflessivi
- con verbi come:Es: He gets up, washes, dresses and has breakfast. = Si alza, si lava, si veste e fa colazione.
- con parti del corpo e vestiario, che invece sono preceduti dagli aggettivi possessivi:
Es: He broke his arm. = Si è rotto il braccio.Swedish people always take off their shoes when they come back home. = Gli Svedesi si tolgono sempre le scarpe quando tornano a casa.
Ci sono verbi che sono riflessivi nella lingua italiana, ma non in quella inglese. Eccone qualche esempio:to feel (= sentirsi) to forget (= dimenticarsi), to get up (= alzarsi), to hurry up (=affrettarsi), to keep fit (= tenersi in forma), to relax (= rilassarsi) to stop (= fermarsi).
Altri verbi si traducono come riflessivi quando vengono costruiti con GET + aggettivo o participio passatoEccone qualche esempio:to get angry (= arrabbiarsi), to get bored (= annoiarsi), to get dressed (= vestirsi), to get lost (= perdersi), to get married (= sposarsi), to get ready (= prepararsi), to get tired (= stancarsi), to get wet (= bagnarsi), to get worried (= preoccuparsi).
Es: He got bored at the party. = Si è annoiato alla festa.Use the map or you'll get lost! = Usa la mappa o ti perderai!
- Esercizi Write the correct personal pronoun. Use I, you, he, she, it, we, they.
1 How old are ….............. Sara?2 Tom and Tim are twins. ……………. are both twelve.3 My name is Kate. …………… am a student.4 Peter and I are friends. …………….. like football and tennis.5 Mike is from England. …………… likes Maths.6 …………. is the number five bus.7 That’s Mike’s brother. ……………. works in a supermarket.8 My sister is called Jane. ………….. is fifteen.9 What’s your city like? …………… is small but quiet.10 My mum’s name is Wendy. ……………. is a nurse.11 My parents aren’t at home. ……………. are at work.12 Are ……………. married? No, I am single.
Complete the sentences. Use object pronouns.1 I need Sara’s mail address. I want to invite …………….. to the party.2 Is this your mobile phone? Can I look at ………………. .3 Tom and Paul are my friends. I meet ………………. every day.4 Give ……………. my calculator. I need ………………. .5 My brother and I are cleaning the house. Mum is helping ………….. .6 Follow ……………., please. I will show ……………. the way to the post office.7 We want to call you. Give ……………. your phone number.8 My parents are still at work. We are waiting for …………….. .9 Hurry up, my friends! We are waiting for ……………. .10 Is your father here? I want to talk to ……………… .11 Come with me. I want to show ……………… my photo album.12 My mother sometimes helps …………….. with my homework. She is a teacher.13 Where are my keys? I can’t find ……………… .
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Write the appropiate possesive adjectives
1. They are ….. ....children. (we)
2. It is ……... pyjamas. (he)
3. It is ….. ...duck. (I)
4. It is …... ...Shampoo. (they)
5. It is …..... pink car. (She)
6. He is ............. new friend. (he)
7. they are ........ friends. (they)
8. She is .......... mother (She)
9. We are .......... family. (She)
10. It is .......... dog (he)
11. It is .......... fast car. (we)
12. I ´m .......... sister(she)
13. It is .................. new mobile phone. (He)
14. They are ........... best friends (we)
15. She is ............. cousin. (She)
16. They are in ................ room. (they)
17. You are in ................... house. (We)
18. He is with ......... friends. (he)
19. We are ....... brothers. (they)
20. They are in ............. car.(he)
21. She is ....... last chance.(I)
22. He is ............ father.(I)
23. You are in ........... hotel.(We)
24. It is .......... old chair(she)
25. It is ............ food(It)
26. It is ............... cheap television (He)
27. He is .............. better option (She)
Reflexive pronouns, self-pronouns - ExerciseChoose the correct answers ( myself - yourself - himself - herself - itself - ourselves - yourselves – themselves)1) Robert made this T-shirt …… 2) Lisa did the homework ……….3) We took some bottles of cola at the party……… 4) Emma, did you take the photo by………. ? 5) I wrote this poem . ……..6) He cut …………………with the knife while he was doing the dishes. 7) The lion can defend ……………….. 8) My mother often talks to …………. 9) Tim and Gerry, if you want more milk, help…………. . 10) Alice and Doris collected the stickers …………….11) You can’t do this for me . I have to do it…………12) Why doesn’t she do it………………….?13) He saw……………………………..in the mirror.14) We can’t do this……………………….15) She likes to think of………………………………….as a good person.16) They talk about……………………………….….all the time.17) Are you going to the mall by……………………………………?18) Mary is a person with lots of problems. Sometimes she even hurts…………………..19) Why are you standing? Find some chairs for………………………………….and sit down.20) I answer all my letters…………………………21) I don't like them at all. They want everything for………………………………22) I like to watch………………….……………in the video film.23) Suze, did you bake the cake…………………………….?24) The boys opened the parcels……………………………..25) Susan made a video film about cats…………………………………26) Bob, can you find the way to the cinema………………………………….?27) My father built the tree house…………………………………..28) The Millers drew all the paintings………………………………..29) Jack's brother painted the bike……………………………………..30) "Should I cook the soup?" No, I can do it………………………….31) Why don’t you clean the windows……………………………………?32) The old woman sat at the park bench talking to……………………………33) The children cleaned their room…………………………………………………..34) Jack and I introduced……………………………………….to our new neighbor.
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READ THE CLUES AND COMPLETE THE CROSSWORD PUZZLE.
ACROSS DOWN
1. My daughter’s daughter is called Mary. She is my…
3. Sue is Tim’s mother. Tim is Sue’s…..4. Paul is Jane’s uncle. Jane is Paul’s….6. I am Susan’s son. She is my….7. He is my father’s brother. He is my…9. I married Carol 25 years ago. She is
my….10. My parents are called John and Mary.
John is my…11. Rachel is my mother’s sister. She is
my…13. My daughter’s son is called Edward.
Edward is my…14. Paul and I have the same parents. He
is my…
1. My father’s mother is called Mary. She is my…
2. My parents’ parents are still alive. All 4 are my….
5. I have one child, a girl called Anna. Anna is my….
8. Bill’s father and my father are brothers. Bill is my…..
12. Peter is my son and Diana is my daughter. I have two…
13. My mother’s father is called David. He is my…..
15. My son has got two children called Martha and John. They are my…..
16. Susan and I have the same parents. She is my……
17. I am married to Jim. He is my….18. Jack is Bob’s uncle. Bob is Jack’s ...
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EclipseCrossword.com
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Describing Describing PeopleCHARACTER / PERSONALITY
__active __sensitive __aggressive __shy__ambitious __strong-minded __boring __stubborn__careful __stupid__careless __tough __cheerful __tolerant__clumsy __trusting__confident __trustworthy__curious __worried__dull__energetic__friendly__gentle__generous__hard-working__imaginative__independent__intelligent__loyal__moody__modest__naive__nice__open-minded__practical__reliable__secretive__self-controlled__selfish__sensible
Describing physical characteristics -FACE • a round / oval / square / heart shaped face
• bushy / thick / thin eyebrows
• round / almond / narrow / close-set eyes (forma,colore)
• a broad / flat / sharp / button / fake nose
• full / thin lips
• a broad smile / a charming smile
• healthy / damaged teeth / braces
• wrinkles / freckles / pimples / smooth skin
• a moustache / a beard
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-HAIR: (lunghezza,acconciatura,colore)
• thick / rich / strong / healthy / shiny hair
• damaged hair / split ends • thin hair / receding hair • straight / wavy / curly hair
• long / short / shoulder-length hair
-Height/ weight
• tall •medium height • shortish • short / tiny
obese • fat • slightly overweight • heavily built • of average build • slim •thin • skinny • bony
-ACCESSORIES
• glasses / contact lenses / a hat / a hijab / a scarf
-SKIN TONE
pale • light-skinned • tan • dark-skinned • sun burnt
ES.Personality Adjectives
I Write the words in the box under the correct definitions.
shy furious selfish honest miserable extrovert sensible curious confident
1_______________________ 2____________________ 3_______________________ 4____________________ 4________________
6____________________________
5_______________________ 7___________________ 8__________________
9____________________________
II Choose and write some personality adjectives which you think best describe the character of a good friend and a good student.
A good friend IS
a person who is reasonable and practical.
a person who doesn’t tell lies or cheat people
a person who thinks only about himself 3
a person who is nervous in thecompany of others
a person who likes to spend time in activities with other people than being quiet and alone
a person who wants to find out about something someone who
is extremely unhappy
a person who is extremely angry
someone who strongly believes in his own abilities
faithful stubborn sensitive shy cheerful extrovert selfish honest modest upset rude reliable sincere pretty generous flexible brave
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________________________________________________________
A good student IS_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ III Now explain your choice.
IV What prefix forms the opposite of each of these words? (You need 4 different prefixes.)
-Describe a member of your family .
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
lazy polite hard-working sensible nervous honest curious confident stupid inventive talkative loyal intelligent ambitious modest tense patient
Honest ______________Reliable _____________ Patient ______________Intelligent __________Sensitive ____________Polite ________________Modest _____________Active ______________Selfish _____________Kind ______________Sincere ___________Happy _____________Lucky _____________Loyal ______________
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THIS, THAT; THESE, THOSEIn Inglese l'aggettivo dimostrativo è l'unico aggettivo ad avere il plurale. Come tutti gli aggettivi, però, non hanno nè maschile, né femminile.
Singolare PluraleTHISSi usa per indicare tutto ciò che è VICINO“questo”
THESESi usa per indicare tutto ciò è VICINO“questi”
THATPer indicare ciò che è lontano“quello”
THOSEPer indicare ciò che è lontano“quelli”
PARTICOLARITÀSpesso THIS /THESE sono accompagnati dall'avverbio HERE (qui),spesso THAT / THOSE sono accompagnati dall'avverbio THERE (là) o OVER THERE (laggiù)
Esercizi
Put in THIS or THESE__________ book __________ books __________ house __________ houses __________ pencils __________ mice
__________ children__________ trousers__________ tooth__________ jeans__________ men__________ pupil
__________ woman__________ teeth__________ foot__________ teacher__________ people__________ child
Put in THAT or THOSE__________ house __________ houses__________ horse__________ horses__________ girl__________ boys__________ animals__________ man__________ people __________ car__________ buildings__________ birds__________ secretary__________ windows__________ office
Complete the sentences. Use object pronouns.
1 I need Sara’s mail address. I want to invite …………….. to the party.
2 Is this your mobile phone? Can I look at ………………. .
3 Tom and Paul are my friends. I meet ………………. every day.
4 Give ……………. my calculator. I need ………………. .
Change the sentences into the PLURALThis book is good. _________________________________________________.This office is near the bank. _________________________________________That is my notebook. _______________________________________________This boy is fourteen years old. ________________________________________That dog is black. __________________________________________________This is my house. ___________________________________________________That is a tall building. _______________________________________________
Put in THIS, THAT, THESE or THOSE__________ is my ball in my hand and __________ is your ball over there.__________ is my cup here and __________ is your cup on the table over there.__________ is Sally's bike in front of the door and __________ is her coat here.__________ is Simon's pen on the floor over there and __________ here is his rubber. __________ are our parents and __________ are our neighbours over there.__________ is my sandwich here and __________ is Tom's sandwich over there__________ are Tony's friends and _________ are my friends over there
THERE IS, THERE ARE
“C'è”e “ci sono” si traducono con there is e there are.
There is (contratto: there's) si usa se seguito da predicati (articolo, se del caso, + nome) singolari;there are se seguito da quelli plurali:-c'è un cane= there is a dog-ci sono due pesci= there are two fishes/fish
Le frasi interrogative si formano invertendo verbo/soggetto e le frasi negative aggiungendo NOT:
SCHEMA RIEPILOGATIVO DELLA REGOLA:Frasi affermative THERE IS / THERE'S THERE
AREFrasi interrogative IS THERE... ?
ARE THERE...?Frasi negative THERE IS NOT / THERE ISN'T THERE ARE
NOT / THERE AREN'T
ESERCIZI Circle the correct answer.
A. There is/are cats in the kitchen.B. There is/are mum and dad in the living room.C. There is/are flowers in the vase upstairs.D. There is/are everybody in the shopping centre.E. There is/are students in the classroom.F. There is/are an interesting article in the today’s newspaper.G. There is/are some people who don’t care about their education.H. There is/are a bath in my bathroom.I. There is/are many books in the library.J. There is/are a hamster downstairs.
Fill in the blanks with THERE IS/ THERE ARE.1) ……………….. frogs in the pond.2) ……………….. children at school.3) ……………….. one pen in my pencil case.4) ……………….. women in the shop.5) ……………….. a rabbit in my garden.6) ………………… a fridge in my kitchen.7) …………………. four lamps in the living room.8) ………………….. some crisps in the bag.9) …………………… men in the company.10) ……………………. a noise coming out of this room.
According to the picture fill in the blanks with there is/ there are/ there isn’t/ there aren’t.
1) ………………….. a car in the garage.2) ………………….. five chairs in the living room.3) ………………….. one bed in the house.4) ………………….. two dogs outside.5) …………………... two lamps in the bedroom.6) …………………… curtains in the living room.7) …………………… a fridge in the kitchen.8) …………………… two computers upstairs.
9) …………………….one chair in the dining room.Articolo Indeterminativo A / AN
L'articolo indeterminativo (un, uno, una) in Inglese si traduce con A oppure AN. Vediamoli meglio: 1.non c'è distinzione tra maschile e femminile“A” si usa davanti alle parole che iniziano per consonante o H aspirata“AN” si usa davanti alle parole che iniziano per vocale o H non aspirata (o muta)ESEMPI-a chair > una sedia-a hotel > un hotel (la H è aspirata)-an honest man > un uomo onesto (la H non è aspirata)
APPROFONDIMENTITutte le volte in cui una parola inizia con una vocale o una serie di vocali che suonano come YOU (IU), WO (UO/UA), si usa l'articolo AN:-a uniform > una uniforme-a European country > un paese europeo-a one-year course > un corso di un anno-an umbrella > un ombrello (U non ha il suono YOU)Quattro sono le parole che iniziano per H muta: heir, honour, honest, hour e loro "derivati", quali:honourable, honestly, heiress, hourly, hourglass, etc.
ESERCIZIEsercizio 1
Inserisci A, AN oppure nulla:
*pupil=scolaro*clever=intelligente*wardrobe=armadio*must wear=dovere indossare*skyscraper=grattacielo
Esercizio 2Sulla base degli approfondimenti, decidi se usare A o AN prima dei seguenti nomi/aggettivi + nome:1.eucaliptus tree 2.elegant man 3.US soldier 4.universal rule 5.ultimate decision 6.hostile country 7.youth hostel 8.honourable man 9.ordinary person 10.excellent meal 11.FBI agent 12.hour13.once-in-a-lifetime experience 14.only child
1.Sarah is student; she is excellent pupil* and clever* girl 2.In my room there are pictures on the wall and wardrobe* 3.English students at school must wear* white socks4.I want new pair of jeans 5.Tom is electrician6.This is house, that is skyscraper*!
Articolo determinativo “THE
”L'articolo determinativo (il, lo, la; i, gli, le) si traduce soltanto con THE. Sebbene sembri facile ed intuibile, l'articolo determinativo è forse il più difficile da capire nella grammatica inglese. Le sue regole d'uso sono infatti molto diverse da quelle italiane e questo provoca non poche incomprensioni. Cerchiamo di fare un po' di luce.Come regola generale, THE viene più usato con i nomi singolari numerabili (table) che con quelli plurali (people) o singolari non numerabili (music) (vedere più avanti per la distinzione tra countable e uncountable nouns):-the table-music-people
SCHEMA RIASSUNTIVO DELLA REGOLA:
uso THE
NOMI SINGOLARI NUMERABILI:
-se noti a chi parla (e legge) o se dati per "scontati"
NOMI PLURALI:-se noti a chi parla (e legge) o se dati per "scontati"-se seguiti da una preposizione (of, in, to..) o da un pronome relativo (that, which, who) che ne "restringe il campo"
NOMI SINGOLARI NON NUMERABILI:--se noti a chi parla (e legge) o se dati per "scontati"-se seguiti da una preposizione (of, in, to..) o da un pronome relativo (that, which, who) che ne "restringe il campo"
non uso THE
NOMI SINGOLARI NUMERABILI:-parti del corpo-bed, work, home
NOMI PLURALI e NOMI SINGOLARI NON NUMERABILI:-se generali o usati in senso generico (non riferiti a nulla di specifico)
ALTRO-nomi propri (di persone)-prima di un aggettivo possessivo
NOMI GEOGRAFICInon uso THE uso THE
THE non si usa con i nomi dei CONTINENTI, PAESI o STATI:Italy, Africa, Europe..
THE si usa se il nome del paese o continente è seguito da "republic", "union", "kingdom", "states" o se sono nomi plurali:the USA, the UK, the Netherlands..
(ma: southern Italy) THE si usa per indicare il NORD / SUD di un paese:the south of Italy
THE generalmente non si usa con i nomi delle CITTÀ:Rome, London
The Hague (eccezione)
THE non si usa con le ISOLE:Sicily, Corfu
THE si usa con GRUPPI DI ISOLE:the Bahamas
THE non si usa con singole MONTAGNE:Mount Everest, Mount Etna
THE si usa con GRUPPI DI MONTI:the Rocky Mountains (the Rockies)
THE non si usa con i LAGHILake Constance, lake Como
THE si usa con OCEANI, MARI, CANALI, FIUMIthe Indian Ocean, the Panama Canal, the Thames
ESERCIZIEsercizio 1Decidi quando mettere o non mettere THE:
1. elephants are very intelligent animals 2. love is a difficult thing3. feeling I have for you is very strong 4.We never go to cinema5. computers are not very expensive today 6. big dogs are quiet7. violets are my favourite flowers 8. sugar is sweet9. sugar in my coffee is too much 10.Sarah is at the cinema with her friends 11.I'm in St. Peter's and bells are banging 12. violets on the table are lovely13. cars they have are very expensive
Esercizio 2Inserisci a, an, the oppure niente
1.In my town there isn't theatre. In fact, we never go to theatre 2.Tom lives in small town near beach3. Argentina is country in South America. capital is Buenos Aires 4. monkey is mammal5. whales are mammals 6.Let's go for coffee in bar!7.Every Sunday we have our meal in restaurant 8.On Sunday we usually have big meal with our family
Esercizio 3Sulla base degli approfondimenti, decidi quando mettere o non mettere THE:1.My friends don't like school2.Nicolas works in a hospital. He goes to hospital at 7 o'clock. 3.3.Are Germans polite?4.Jack plays guitar very well 5.Don't move TV! It's broken6.What time do we have breakfast?7.I live in America8.We visit our friend in hospital9.He stays in prison because he is a bank robber 10.Tom wears glasses11. You can't* park your car if space is not enough!12. Would you like to watch TV? - No, I prefer listening to radio.
GENITIVO SASSONE
Il possesso in inglese può essere espresso con la proposizione of (the kitchen of your house is very large = la cucina della tua casa è molto grande) o con il GENITIVO SASSONE.Il GENITIVO SASSONE viene spesso usato in inglese soprattutto quando il possessoreè:
- persona o animaleEs: My brother’s car is red. = La macchina di mio fratello è rossa.
- nazione o cittàEs: London’s squares are large. = Le piazze di Londra sono grandi.
- avverbio di tempoEs: Today’s match is at 4.00. = La partita di oggi è alle 4.
- espressione di distanza e pesoEs: It’s a 700 kilometers’ journey. = E’ un viaggio di 700 Km.
- pronome indefinitoEs: Everyone’s body temperature is 37° C. = La temperatura corporea di tutti è di 37° C.
COME SI COSTRUISCE IL GENITIVO SASSONE
Il GENITIVO SASSONE si costruisce secondo il seguente schema:
possessore 's persona, animale o cosa posseduta (senza articolo)
Quando il possessore è al plurale e termina in –s, può essere seguito solo dall’apostrofo senza s:
Es: It’s a 700 kilometres’ journey. ("E’ un viaggio di 700 Km")This is my parents' car. ("Questa è l'auto dei miei genitori.") Quando vi sono più
possessori:
- si aggiunge ’s solo all’ultimo possessore se il possesso è condivisoEs: John and Mary’s parents are in Sweden. ("I genitori di John e Mary sono in Svezia)
- si aggiunge ’s a ciascun possessore se il possesso è individualeEs: John’s and Mary’s parents are in Sweden. ("I genitori di John e quelli di Mary sono in Svezia)
I seguenti sostantivi sono di solito omessi quando hanno la funzione di "cosa posseduta" o è scontata la loro presenza nella frase; in questi casi nell'inglese moderno si tende ad omettere anche il genitivo sassone:
- house- restaurant- shop / store- hospital- church / cathedral- office
Ad esempio:She is going to Bob’s. (sottintesa la parola house) = Sta andando a casa di Bob. Where is the nearest chemist's? (sottintesa la parola shop) = Dov’è la farmacia più vicina?We visited St. Paul’s. (sottintesa la parola cathedral) = Abbiamo visitato la cattedrale di St. Paul.
I've booked a table for four at Mario’s. (sottintesa la parola restaurant) = Ho prenotato un tavolo per 4 da Mario.Whose is this coat? It's Frank's. (sottintesa la parola coat) = Di chi è questo cappotto? Di Frank.
Exercise 1
Add the correct genitive ending.
Example:the manager / office the manager’s office
1. Alice / friend2. Europe / future3. Richard Adams / life4. Sarah / life5. our children / birthdays6. in twenty years / time7. Jimmy / behaviour8. Morris / wife9. David Evans / farm
10. the students / level11. my parents / marriage12. Chris / wedding13. the United States / attitude14. yesterday / meeting15. my boss / wife16. each other / name17. next year / budget18. D.H. Lawrence / last novel19. the Beatles / best known songs20. All Saints / Day21. our neighbours / cottage22. today / news23. my mother / umbrella24. a hard day / work25. last Saturday / newspaper26. the women / dressing room27. three months / salary28. one month / salary29. my husband / new car30. the two girls / father
Exercise 2
Make sentences as in the example. Decide yourself whether you need the of-construction or the genitive.
Example:I like Ann’s camera. (the camera / Ann)What is the name of this town ? (the name / this town)
1. When is __________________________________ ? (birthday / your sister)
2. Do you like ______________________________ ? (colour / this coat)
3. Write your name at ___________________________. (top / the page)
4. What is ______________________________ ? (address / Jill)
5. What was ________________________________ ? (cause / the accident)
6. _________________________ is near the city centre. (house / my parents)
7. _________________________________ is very good. (spoken English / Maria)
8. For me the morning is _________________________. (best part / day)
9. ____________________________ is very interesting. (job / my brother)
10. The car stopped at ____________________________. (end / the street)
11. ________________________________ is blue. (favourite colour / Pat)
12. ______________________________ are very thin. (walls / this house)
13. Philip is ________________________. (husband / Liz)
14. I’ve never met ________________________________. (wives / Mr Kelly & Mr Fiddes)
15. Those are ______________________________. (shoes / Sophia)
Exercise 3
Fill in the following chart with all of the forms for each noun.
Singular Singular possessive Plural only Plural possessivewife wife’s wives wives’
1. dog2. wolf3. tree4. lady5. fox6. tooth7. play8. worker9. shelf
10. man11. studio12. place13. fly14. child15. woman16. face17. bridge18. chief19. company20. church
A Traditional Wedding
Read about this traditional wedding, then answer the true/false questions.
Everybody loves a good wedding and I'm no exception. I've been to a load of them in my native Britain and I must say that I
usually have a great time. I've also been to a few abroad, including the Caribbean and Spain, and most recently (last week in
fact) to one in the mountains of Sardinia. No two weddings are ever the same and I really enjoyed this one for one or two of the
differences from those in the UK.
First, the two families spent at least three weeks before the big day preparing all the food, from wonderful home-made
delicacies to simple traditional breads and pastas. In my experience, in the UK that onerous task is left to the caterers! In the
week leading up to the wedding there is a dinner or some form of celebration every day - training for the stomach I guess. I
know that we have the traditional Bachelor party and Bachelorette party, but this is more family orientated and certainly a little
less rowdy. This particular ceremony was in a beautiful country church and afterwards the couple was driven to the reception in
a wonderfully decorated classic Fiat 500, which was really similar to what happens in the UK, even down to the string of tin
cans trailing behind the car!
The reception itself was also very similar until I realized that the seven tables in the hall each sat sixty guests (that's four
hundred and twenty, for those of you who didn't study Math), an average number for Sardinia but would be considered a very
large wedding where I'm from.
The wine flowed, as did the chatter - the famous Italian exuberance showing itself to the full. There were the five or six courses
of wonderful food, screaming kids running wild, the ceremonial cutting of the cake by the bride and groom - but no speeches!
Not one. In the UK it's traditional for the father of the bride to propose a toast, followed by the groom and finishing up with
that of the best man. His is meant to be he highlight of the lunch \ dinner, generally having a good laugh at the groom's
expense, but here the groom was spared that particular discomfort.
Instead there was a delightful custom which I'd never seen before, in which six or seven of the male guests pass round the hall
banging trays, drums, pots, pans or basically anything that makes a horrendous noise, selling pieces of the groom's tie which
has been cut into tiny bits. The money raised is then given to the happy(!) couple to help them set up their new life together.
Really nice. Finally the evening saw a lot of traditional dancing, a little disco dancing and some karaoke. Pretty much the part I
like best, and again I wasn't disappointed. Can't wait for the next one.
1. The writer generally likes weddings.
True
False
2. He didn't particularly enjoy the Sardinian one.
True
False
3. The families helped the caterers to prepare the food.
True
False
4. There is usually a dinner the night before the wedding.
True
False
5. The groom meets the bride outside the church.
True
False
6. UK wedding receptions are often a lot smaller than Sardinian ones.
True
False
7. The writer found it hard to understand the speeches.
True
False
8. The staff of the reception hall cut the cake for the guests.
True
False
9. There is an auction to sell the groom's tie.
True
False
10. The money from this helps to pay for the reception.
True
False
Text here
Find a partner and play together with one person speaking the lines in the orange box and the other speaking the lines in the green box. Throw a dice before you start to determine which line number to say in each section. Once you have finished, swap roles and start again.
F1. My name is Ivor Booking. 2. It’s Ivor Booking. 3. My first name is Ivor and my last name is Booking.4. I’m called Ivor Booking. 5. Of course. It’s Ivor. Ivor Booking. 6. Certainly. My name is Ivor Booking.
A1. Bates Hotel, reservations. May I help you?2. This is Bates Hotel reservations. How can I be of service?3. Bates Hotel booking desk. How may I help you?4. You’re through to the Bates Hotel. What can I do for you?5. You’re speaking to reservations at the Bates Hotel. How can I help you? 6. Good morning. Bates Hotel reservations. What can I do for you?
H1. I’ll be staying for two nights. 2. I’d like the room for two nights only, please.3. Just two nights.4. I’ll be staying until the 5th.5. Of course. Just two nights. 6. I’ll be leaving on the 5th.
I1. Ok, Mr Booking. Your room is reserved. Thank you for calling. 2. Thank you for your call. Your room is booked. 3. OK. That’s November the 2nd for two nights. Thank you for choosing Bates Hotel. 4. Thank you for calling Mr Booking. Your room is reserved. 5. That’s a single room for two nights under the name of Booking. Thank you for calling. 6. Thank you for calling. We’ll see you on the 2nd.
C1. Of course. What kind of room would you like to have? 2. Yes. What sort of room do you need? 3. No problem. What type of room would you like? 4. Yes, of course. What kind of room would you like? 5. That’s fine. What kind of room were you thinking of? 6. OK. What sort of room do you have in mind?
B1. Hi! I’d like to reserve a room, please.2. Good morning. Could I reserve one of your rooms, please?3. Hello. I’d like to book one of your rooms.4. Could I reserve a room, please? 5. Good morning. I’d like to make a reservation, if that’s OK. 6. Hi. I need to make a reservation.
E1. Could you give me your name, please?2. Can I have your name, please? 3. May I know your name, please? 4. Under which name shall I make the reservation? 5. Yes, we do. Could you tell me your name, please?6. A single room. Could I have your name, please?
D1. Just a single, please. For November the 2nd. 2. I’d like a single room for the 2nd of November. 3. I need a single room on November the 2nd. 4. I would like to reserve a single room for the night of November the 2nd. 5. OK. Do you a single room available for November the 2nd? 6. A room for one person on November the 2nd.
G1. How long were you planning on staying Mr Booking? 2. For how long would you like the room, Mr Booking? 3. For how many nights would you like to stay, Mr Booking? 4. And how long will you be staying, Mr Booking. 5. Could you tell me how long you would like to stay, Mr Booking? 6. And when will you be checking out, Mr Booking?
How to write an Informal Letter.
Ex.1 Match the missing parts of the letter (a-f) with the gaps (1-6)
The Writing Strategy of an Informal Thank-You Letter.1. Write your address and the date in the top right (- hand) corner2. Start the letter with: Dear + Name,3. Ask how a person you are writing to is or express your hope she/he is wellHow are you? I hope you are well. Then express your gratitude for the received letter. Thanks for your letter. It was good to hear from you.4. You are allowed to use short forms (contractions): It’s, You’re, I’d and colloquial expressions.
5. You finish the letter with: Love, Lots of love, Best wishes, 6. Then sign it with your name7. If, after having finished the letter, you want to add something, do it in post scriptum. - PS
1
23 How are you? Thanks so much for your last letter. It was great to hear from you and catch up on all your news. It sounds like you have a really interesting lifestyle! It’s brilliant! We don’t live near the mountains so I’ve never been rock climbing but I’d love to try it.
I reckon I have a healthy lifestyle too. I sleep for about eight hours every night and eat loads of fruit and vegetables. I like doing exercise. I enjoy all types of sport, but I’m really good at basketball. My best mate and I are in the school team. Last month, I decided to do something different. I did a snorkelling course at our local swimming pool . It was a laugh! I met a lot of really nice kids.
Why don’t you come here in the holidays? It would be great to get together! Hope to see you soon!
4
5
6
a) Dear John, _____
b) Adam _____ c) 15 Coulter Road, Ashford _____
d) PS My brother sends his love too. _____ e) 25th May 2015 _____
f) Best wishes, _____Ex. 3 Answer the questions about Adam’s letter.
1) What phrases does he use to open and close his letter?________________________________________________________2) Which five different contractions does he use?________________________________________________________3) What activities did each of them do recently?________________________________________________________4) What information does he add after his name?________________________________________________________
Ex.2 Find informal words and phrases in the letter that mean:
1) thank you ________________
2) very good ________________
3) lots of ________________
4) I think ________________
5) fun ________________
6) best friend _______________
7) kids _______________
Ex.4 Rewrite these sentences in a more informal style.
1) Thank you for inviting me to your birthday party. It was fun!__________________________________________________________
2) Adam thinks there are lots of very good places to visit near here.____________________________________________________________
3) Thank you for the book. It’s very good. ___________________________________________________________
4) I think my best friend is fun. _________________________________
Ex.5
Imagine Adam is your penfriend. Write a reply
telling him about your lifestyle. Use the writing
guide to help you. Remember to use informal
language and some of the useful expressions
above.
England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland
Capital London Edinburgh Cardiff BelfastPopulation 50.431.700 5.222.100 2.999.300 1.710.300Area 130.395 sqk 78.772 sqk 20.761 sqk 13.843 sqkFlag
scotland
england
wales
Northern Ireland
Great Britain The United Kingdom The British Isles
EnglandScotland
Wales
EnglandScotland
WalesNorthern Ireland
EnglandScotland
WalesNorthern Ireland
Irelandand all of the small,
surrounding islands like Isle of Wight, the
Orkneys, the Hebrides and the Shetlands
Maps borrowed from http://www.cryonie.com/en/world/great-britain-vs-united-kingdom.ph
and http://projectbritain.com/britain/brit
Questions:
1. What is the full name of the British Isles?
2. What is the capital of England?3. What is the capital of Scotland?
4. What is the capital of Wales?5. What is the capital of Northern
Ireland?6. What is the capital of Ireland?
7. What is the largest city in Great Britain?
8. Who is the Head of State in Great Britain?
9. What is the currency in England?10. What do people call the UK flag?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Il Presente Progressivo o Continuo chiamato Present ProgressiveTense (o Present Continuous Tense) è comunemente usato in inglese per descrivere azioni
che si stanno svolgendo in questo preciso momento che avvengono temporaneamente in un periodo di tempo limitato che esprimono un'irritazione accompagnata sempre dall'avverbio always che sono programmate nel futuro;
Questo tempo viene formato usando due componenti:il presente semplice del verbo essere (to be) e la forma -ing del verbo di cui si vuole formare il presente progressivo
La seguente tabella ne riassume la formazione
SOGGETTO VERBO ESSERE FORMA -ING del VERBO
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
am
are
is is
is
are
are
are
working
working
working
working
working
working
working
working
COME SI FORMA:
La forma -ING dei verbi corrisponde al gerundio e al participio presente in italiano.
Con molti verbi basta aggiungere -ing alla forma base, con altri è necessario cambiare un po' la parte finaleVERBI CHE TERMINANO
CON...COME CREARE LA FORMA -ING ESEMPI
1 vocale + 1 consonanteraddoppiare la consonante e
aggiungere -ingswim - swimming get -
getting
1 vocale + 1 consonante + erimuovere la e, poi aggiungere
-ingcome - coming live -
living
1 vocale accentata + 1 consonante (solo con verbi bisillabi) raddoppiare la consonante e
aggiungere -ingprefèr - preferring transmìt -
transmitting
1 vocale + Lraddoppiare la L e aggiungere
-ingquarrel - quarrelling
travel – travelling
tutti gli altri aggiungere -inggo - going study -
studying say - saying
Ci sono alcune forme irregolari:Es: die = dying; lie = lying; tie = tying
Vediamo insieme la forma affermativa, interrogativa e negativa contratta del verbo to go al present continuous.
Affermativa Interrogativa Negativa contratta
I am going Am I going? Aren’t I going?
You are going Are you going? Aren’t you going?
He is going Is he going? Isn't he going?
She is going Is she going? Isn't she going?
It is going Is it going? Isn't it going?
We are going Are we going? Aren't you going?
You are going Are you going? Aren’t you going?
They are going Are they going? Aren’t they going?
Practice- Present Progressive
Fill in the missing verbs in the brackets, using the present progressive tense: 1. Dina is _________________(clean) her room at the moment. 2. Yossi _________________(play) football with his friends right now.3. Look! Andy ________________(work) in the garden. 4. We ________________(read) a book. Please don't make noise.5. Dan ________________(not listen) to CD's. He is watching the Mondial. 6. I_______________( not swim) in the pool. I ____________(rest) on the grass. 7. His sister __________________(write) a test. 8. I _______________(make) breakfast in the kitchen. Would you like something special to eat?9. ___________he _____________(speak) English at the moment? I
don't understand what he saying.10. She _____________(wait) at the doctor's clinic. 11. ___________he ______________(play) the piano at the moment?12. __________you ____________(go) inside the house?13. Look! They________________(smile) at us!14. My dog _____________(run) to the garden.15. She_______________(not dance) now. She ______________(study).16.
PRESENT SIMPLE o PRESENT CONTINUOUS?
Il Simple Present si usa in tre principali tipi di azioni:
ABITUDINI = azioni che avvengono o non avvengono regolarmenteo insieme ad avverbi di frequenza come always, sometimes, never, ecco per esprimere routine
STATI = cose che non cambiano spessoo verità scientificheo opinionio condizioni fisiche o mentali
FUTURO = azioni future riferite a mezzi di trasporto o a eventi con orari prestabiliti.
Alcuni esempi aiuteranno a rendere più chiaro il concetto
Tipo di Azione Esempio Spiegazione
ABITUDINE Mike goes to class every day every day indica un'abitudine
ABITUDINE It rains a lot in Milan significa che piove spesso
ABITUDINE Sheila always talks about you always indica un'abitudine
ABITUDINE Bob spends Christmas with usciò implica che Bob trascorre il Natale con noi ogni anno
STATO George lives in Floridaquesto è uno stato perché non cambia
STATO Mary has green eyesdi solito il colore degl'occhi di qualcuno non cambia
STATO Martin likes chocolatequando ci piace qualcosa, di solito ci piace sempre
STATO Ann believes in Godopinioni e credi sono stati della mente che non cambiano spesso
FUTURO The train leaves at 10.00 c'è un orario di partenza riferito almezzo di trasporto train
USO del PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Il Present Continuous si usa per tre tipi principali di azioni:
AZIONE TEMPORANEA = qualcosa che avviene proprio adesso o in limitato periodo di tempo, ma che si fermerà in futuro, accompagnato da avverbi di tempo come now, at the moment, at present, just now, today, these days, this week, this year.
ROGETTO DEFINITO PER IL FUTURO = qualcosa di già programmato, di solito in un futuro vicino, accompagnato da avverbi di tempo come tomorrow, next week, next year, in 2 weeks
DISAPPROVAZIONE o IRRITAZIONE = per esprimere un giudizio negativo accompagnato sempre dall'avverbio always
Il Present Continuous non si usa con verbi che esprimono:
POSSESSO = to have (got), to own ATTIVITA' DELLA MENTE = to know, to remember, to understand VOLONTA' = to hate, to love, to like, to want, to wish PERCEZIONE INVOLONTARIA* = to hear, to see, to smell, to taste
*In questo caso si una il verbo can per indicare che la percezione sta avvenendo in questo momentoEs: Can you hear me? = Mi stai sentendo? Ecco alcuni esempi
Tipo di Azione Esempio Spiegazione
AZIONE TEMPORANEA John is winning the gameJohn sta vincendo ora, ma la partita non è ancora finita
AZIONE TEMPORANEA It's raining outsideSta piovendo ora, ma presto potrebbe smettere
AZIONE TEMPORANEA She's working in the libraryLei ci sta lavorando proprio adesso
AZIONE TEMPORANEA Bob is spending Christmas with his parents
Bob sta trascorrendo Natale con i suoi ora, quest'anno, ma forse non l'anno prossimo
PROGETTO DEFINITO PER IL FUTURO
I'm playing football tomorrow
L'azione è già stata programmata
PROGETTO DEFINITO PER IL FUTURO
He's leaving for Paris tomorrow
Probabilmente ha già comprato i biglietti
PROGETTO DEFINITO PER IL FUTURO
The Olympics are taking place here next year E' già programmato
PROGETTO DEFINITO PER IL FUTURO I'm having a party next week E' stato tutto organizzato
DISAPPROVAZIONEShe is always complaining with her friends.
Non è apprezzabile che ci si lamenti sempre
IRRITAZIONE He is always scolding me!L'irritazione nasce dal fatto di essere sempre rimproverati
Esercizi Fill in the missing verbs in the brackets, using present progressive/present simple:
1. ________you ___________(like) apples? 2. Sara _______________(plan) to go on a trip next month with her family. 3. I _______________(not want) to eat right now. I am full. 4. Dana ____________(do) her homework every afternoon.5. It is cold outside. We ______________(wear) our new coats.6. ___________Gadi ___________(ride) his horse on Saturday's? 7. _________they ___________(know) the rules of the game? Yes, they _____(do).8. Mother always_____________(say) it is important to study and do your homework.9. He ___________(sit) next to Jonathan right now.10. Yael __________(bake) bread in the kitchen at the moment.11. ________ Danny's friends ______________(go) to play football now?
No, they ___________( not be ). They ___________(go) to school. 12. Listen! The baby ______________(cry). Its tummy hurts. 13. My brother usually_____________(allow) me to ___________(play) with his toys. 14. Who ________(be) the boy ____________(stand) next to you? Is he your friend Natan?15. The bus ___________(drive) the pupils to school every morning.
-Practice- present simple-progressive
1. Jane …………………… to music now.a. listens b. listeningc. listen d. is listening
2. I …………………. like chocolate.a. doesn’t b. isn’tc. don’t d. am not
3. …………….. Cem like animals?a.do b. doesc.am d. is
4. Are you …………….a hamburger?a.eating b.eatc.eats d. eating not
5. ………….. they playing hide-and-seek?a.Do b.arec.is d.am
6. I …………………………… TV at the moment.a. are watching b.is watchingc.watch d.am watching
7. Do you brush your teeth every day?a. Yes, I do b. Yes, I amc. Yes, you do d. Yes, you are
8.What …………… Jesus ……………… at the moment?
a. is/do b. does/ doc. is/ doing d. do/doing
10. We go to seaside …………………………..a. at the weekend b.nowc. at the moment d.right now
11. Listen! The baby ………………………..a. is crying b.criesc. are crying d.cry
12. Where is Mum?a. She is cooking in the kitchen.b. She watches TV in the living room.c. She cooks for us every day.d. She cleans the house on Mondays.
13.Bilge is sleeping in her room ……………a. at the moment b.at nightc. in the morning d. every day
14.Find the different one.a. now b. every dayb. at the weekend d. on Mondays
15. Look! Jane …………………. eating her fish.
a. doesn’t b. isn’tc. don’t d. aren’t
1 Underline the correct verb form
1 Oh, no! We can’t play tennis. It rains / is raining. 2 It rains / is raining a lot in April.3 I read / am reading a very good book.4 I read / am reading in bed every night.5 She’s a doctor. She works / is working in St Mary’s Hospital.6 She works / is working very hard because she has a maths test tomorrow.7 Vegetarians don’t eat / aren’t eating meat.8 Look! That man eats / is eating a big ice-cream!
2 Complete the sentences with the right verb forms.
1 Jack’s a vegetarian. He ………………………………………… (not eat) meat.2 I can’t go to the cinema because I …………….............................. (write) my homework .3 Judy is a teacher. She …………………………………… (teach) young children.4 Tim is very happy. He …………………………………. (play) with his new dog.5 Mr House is a doctor. He ………………………. (work) in a new hospital in London.6 My English teacher ……………………….. (speak) English very well.7 Sshh! The baby ……………………………… (sleep).8 Sheila likes history very much. She ……………………………….. (learn) a lot.
3 Complete the sentences with the right verb forms.
This is Mary Queen.She is a teacher and she …………………. children in primary school.It’s 7.40 on Tuesday morning. She is in her kitchen and she ……………………… breakfast.She usually ……………………… a cup of coffee and ……………………… a toast for breakfast.Now she ………………………. the newspaper and she ………………………………. to the news on the radio. She usually ………………………… work at 9.15.
have start teach drink read eat listen
AVVERBI DI FREQUENZA
Gli avverbi di frequenza si usano per indicare la frequenza con cui avviene un'azione.
La loro posizione all'interno della frase è di solito immediatamente prima della voce del verbo, ad eccezione del verbo essere (to be), dei verbi modali (can, may, will, shall, must) e degli ausiliari (do, does, did, have, has)
AVVERBI di FREQUENZA Traduzione Esempio
never* non .... mai She never watches tv = Non guarda mai la tv
rarely seldom raramente
They are rarely at home on Saturdays =Raramente sono a casa il sabato
ever (interrogative/ interrogative-
negative)
mai (qualche volta) Do you ever go the theatre? = Vai mai a teatro?
Don't you ever smoke? = Non fumi mai?
sometimes talvoltaI sometimes play tennis = Talvolta gioco a tennis
generally generalmenteWe don't generally travel by car = Generalmente non viaggiamo in auto
often spessoMatt doesn't often get up early = Matt spesso non si alza presto
usually di solitoI can usually study for three hours a day = Di solito riesco a studiare tre ore al giorno
always sempreRob has always got a smartphone with him =Rob ha sempre uno smartphone con sé
*never rende la frase negativa e non ha bisogno dell'ausiliare.
Altre espressioni di frequenza posizionate ad inizio o alla fine della frase sono:
each time = ogni volta che every day/five minutes = ogni giorno/5 minuti once a day (a week/a month/a year...) = una volta al giorno (alla settimana, al mese, all'anno...) twice a day (a week/a month/a year...) = due volte al giorno (alla settimana, al mese, all'anno...) 3/4... times a day (a week/a month/a year...) = tre/quattro... volte al giorno (alla settimana, al mese,
all'anno...)
Esempi:Every day she visits her grandparents = Ogni giorno va a trovare i suoi nonni
I go the the stadium once a week = Vado allo stadio una volta alla settimana Each time I see him, I get
nervous = Ogni volta che lo vedo, divento nervoso
1. Look and translate the words into your language: ALWAYS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ USUALLY _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _OFTEN _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _SOMETIMES _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _NEVER _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2. Complete the sentences. Use some of the words in the box if you need help:1. I always _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _2. I usually _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _3. I often _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4. I sometimes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5. I never _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3. Write the words in the right order:
1. in winter/he/ goes swimming/ never/_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2. on the phone/ my mum / to grandma/ always / talks_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3. apples/sometimes /my friend/ eats/ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4. eat / meat or fish/ never / giraffes/_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _5. home / by bus/ often/ go/ they/_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _6. skirts/ never/ wears / my teacher/ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _7. for his tests/ usually/ studies / my brother/_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4. Insert the frequency adverbs given in brackets into the sentences:1. I’m late for school. (sometimes) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2. My mum is busy at the weekends. (always) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3. I’m hungry at half past one. (never) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _4. He is kind to his friends.(always) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5. My teacher is unhappy.(never) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6. It’s hot in my country in August.(always) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7. My dad is tired. (often) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8. Ice is cold. (always) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9. Giraffes are short. (never) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10. It’s cold in winter. (often) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5. Write answers to the questions. Use an adverb:
1. Shout _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2. Go to see a doctor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3. Forget to do your homework_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4. Go to another country _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Brush my teeth walk to school read a book send e-mails play with my friends talk in class eat vegetables do my English
homework get up late drink coffee eat chocolate
5. Speak English _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6. Have a nice dream _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
7. Tell the truth _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
8. Use a mobile phone _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
9. Read a book _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
10. Buy sweets _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
I always read lots of books so, I’m always busy. Bye!!
Read the email and answer the questions.
To: Ellie CrestSubject: Surfing Holiday
Hi Ellie,I’m so pleased you can come surfing in August! Paul, Rose and Kevin are coming too, so there will be five of us. We’ve decided to return to New Sands, because the surf board hire is so cheap there. I’m starting to think about accommodation. We won’t camp again after last year! I hated staying in a tent in all that rain! Kevin wants to hire a caravan. There are some nice ones with 3 bedrooms, showers and cooking facilities. The problem is, none of the caravan parks take short bookings in the summer. The minimum stay is a week. It’s a shame because there are several nice parks near the beach.There’s a youth hostel in New Sands. It’s the cheapest option after camping, and there’s a big kitchen and dining room where we can cook. The problem is, accommodation is in dormitories and I don’t really want to sleep with strangers. There are a few guest houses in New Sands. Some have triple rooms, so we’d only need to book two rooms. They’re not expensive, but we wouldn’t be able to cook there. We’d have to eat out at restaurants, or eat sandwiches for every meal! We’ll have to book soon if we choose that option, because many guest houses are already full. The hotels in New Sands are far too expensive, even though I’d love to stay at the Sunrise Pavilion with its rooftop pool!The final option is to rent a cottage. Few cottages offer mid-week breaks in summer, but I found one. It has three bedrooms - a double, a single and a twin, so two of us would have to share a bed! There’s a big kitchen diner with a microwave, washing machine and dishwasher. The living room has a TV and DVD player. There’s just one bathroom, but there’s a separate WC. There’s a nice garden too. The problem is, it’s 5 miles from the beach, so we’d have to hire a car, because there aren’t any buses. Let me know which option you prefer. CheersNatalie
1 Last year the friends stayed in a…
caravan
tent
youth hostel
2 Last year the friends had problems with…
the weather.
the transport.
their surf boards.
3 The friends want to stay in New Sands for…
a week.
a week and a half.
less than one week.
4 The problem with the caravan park is that…
caravans are only available for full weeks.
there are not have enough beds for everyone.
all the caravans are fully booked.
5 Natalie doesn’t want to stay in the youth hostel because…
it is too expensive.
she doesn’t want to share with people she doesn’t know.
it does not have any self-catering facilities.
6 The guest house …
is too expensive.
does not have self-catering facilities.
does not have a restaurant.
7 The Sunrise Pavilion…
is too expensive.
does not have a swimming pool.
is fully booked.
8 Natalie chose this cottage because…
it is cheaper than the other cottages.
everyone can sleep in a different room.
it allows people to stay for less than a week.
9 In the cottage,…
the dining area and living area are in the same room.
the shower and toilet are in the same room.
the cooking area and dining area are in the same room.
10 The problem with the cottage is…
its size.
its location.
its price.
The Alien Story
Put the story into the correct order.
1
Other people who prefer to believe in a scientific explanation have suggested that electrical forces in the atmosphere caused
this and other incidents.
2
Suddenly, a strange light seemed to be on top of the car, sucking it up off the road before dropping it down again.
3
Meanwhile, a local lorry driver following the same route as Mrs. Knowles confirmed that he has also seen the strange light in the
distance.
4
In a state of shock, they drove to the nearest town and reported the incident to the police.
5
Thinking that the woman must have been so tired that she was dreaming, the police gave her a cup of tea hoping to calm her
down.
6
Finally, the police agreed to inspect the car and when they did, they saw the dust, smelt the smell and also noticed
some small dents in the roof of the car.
7
Feeling terrified and out of control, the family noticed a black powder seeping inside their car and smelt a horrible stench.
8
This story was quickly taken up by some people as proof of the presence of aliens on earth.
9
When she saw a light flashing on the road ahead, she slowed down thinking that it was a traffic signal
10
Mrs. Knowles and her three sons were driving from Perth to Adelaide in the early hours one morning in 1988.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Interesting facts about England
Sherwood Forest is in Nottingham, on 100,000 acres. The 1200s were popularly thought to be the time of Robin Hood. Who
was Robin Hood? No one knows for sure whether the legend was based on a real historical character. His name became a
nickname for an outlaw. The story of Robin Hood, the most popular English folk of all the times. Everybody knows his friends
(Little John, Brother Tuck, Will Scarlet) The legendary hero and his fellows stole from the rich and gave to the poor.
Unfortunately, there is no evidence that Robin Hood really existed. Ballads and chronicles, all talk about the famous hero.
Today, the legend of Robin Hood has turned Nottinghamshire into a large tourist attraction. In the centre of Nottingham can be
found Nottingham Castle. Sherwood Forest has an excellent visitors’ centre with an attractive display and shop, in which,
according to tradition, Robin Hood and Lady Marion were married. It is one of the visitors favourite sites.
Megaliths, Stonehenge is certainly the best known prehistoric monument. It stands on the Salisbury Plain. How did stones get
there? An early mention of Stonehenge was made by Geoffrey Monmouth, who claimed that it was brought by a tribe of giants
from Africa to Ireland. Another legend claims that the stones were stolen from an Irish woman by the Devil. In fact, it is one of
the most visited monuments in England and it is a part of the World’s Heritage. The most interesting fact that these megaliths
have had a Pre-Stonehenge form, which was made of wood. People used them as a religious place in autumn time. Was it a
religious place or a place where people were watching stars and planets? Nobody knows the answer, although it has an inner
circle which is consisted of arches made by laying one stone across the tops of two others. It shows the position of the rising
sun on Midsummer’s Day.
A few years ago there was a Tropical Stonehenge which has been found and made by sophisticated indigenous people in the
Brazilian Amazon.
The Palace of Westminster is also known as the Houses of Parliament, where the two Houses of Parliament of the United
Kingdom (the House of Lords and the House of Commons) conduct their sittings. It is the place where laws governing British
life are debated and passed. From the middle of 11th century until 1512, the Palace of Westminster was the royal home to the
Kings and Queens of England, hence the name. The building contains the bell-Big Ben that struck each quarter of an hour. Big
Ben is the bell in the clock tower of the British Parliament. A light in the clock tower tells when the House of Commons is in
session. The clock tower is situated on the bank of the River Thames. The whole tower is known as St. Stephen’s Tower, with
its 13 ton bell.
The first St. Paul’s Cathedral was built in 604 AD but burnt down in 675 and the rebuilt cathedral was again burnt down in
the Great Fire of London in 1666. The present cathedral was built by Christopher Wren. Its first dome is the second biggest
dome in the world.
Buckingham Palace is a popular landmark. It is the home of the British Royal family since 1837. The palace with 600 rooms
is surrounded by a 40 acre garden. Today it is also an office and used for the monarch’s administrative work. Originally, it was
a grand house built by the Duke of Buckingham for his wife. George IV began transforming it into a palace in 1826. The
Queen’s other homes are Windsor Castle and Balmoral in Scotland. A familiar sight at Buckingham Palace is the changing of
the Guard ceremony that takes place in the forecourt each morning. It has been guarded by the Household Troops since 1660.
Windsor Castle is not far from London. It is an official residence of the Queen and the largest castle in the world. It gave the
Royal family’s surname.
Stratford-upon-Avon was Shakespeare’s birthplace. He is one of the most famous poets and writers. The ’Swan of Avon’ wrote several plays, sonnets and most of his works were performed in the famous Globe Theatre in London. It was built in 1599 on the bank of the river Thames and it was a round building with a stage in the centre open to the sky. Shakespeare died and is buried in the Holy Trinity Church in Stratford, but his bust can be found in the Poets’ Corner of Westminster Abbey.
Answer the questions.
1.Who was Robin Hood?_______________________________________________________________________________________________.
2.Where can you find the Stonehenge?__________________________.
3.What is the whole tower’s name in the Palace of Westminster?_________________________________________________________.
4.Who is the ’Swan of Avon’?__________________________________5.Where does the QUEEN live?(2)________________________and______________________________.6. What did C. Wren do? ____________________________________.
Is it true or false? T/F
Shakespeare was born in Nottingham. __________ST.Paul’s Cathedral was rebuilt. __________Buckingham Palace was built by George IV. ________There are different legends that are connected to the Stonehenge._______The changing of the Guard is a familiar sight at the Buckingham Palace.
PREPOSIZIONI DI BASENelle seguenti tabelle viene mostrato come usare le preposizioni on, in, e at in contesti diversi.
1. TRASPORTO
Preposizione Sostantivo Esempio
in car, truckI went to Oxford in my car. = Sono andato a Oxford in auto.
on bus, train, ship, plane, bicycle, foot, horseback
I went downtown on the bus. = Sono andato in centro città con l'autobus.We travelled to Cambridge on the train. =Siamo andati a Cambridge in treno.
2. TEMPO
Preposizione Sostantivo Esempio
inMesi, Anni
Periodi di tempo
She arrived in February. = E' arrivata a febbraio.I was born in 1978. = Sono nato nel 1978. I'll be home in three days. = Sarò a casa tra tre giorni.
onGiorni della settimana The party will be on Thursday. = La festa sarà Giovedì.
atOrari del giorno, Età,
Weekend
I'll call you at 7.30. = Ti chiamo alle 7.30I left my hometown at 25. = Ho lasciato la mia città natale a 25 anni.He left at the weekend. = E' partito nel fine settimana.
3. COMUNICAZIONI
Preposizione Sostantivo Esempio
on
phone
TV/television
radio
Internet
I spoke to him on the phone yesterday. =Gli ho parlato al telefono ieri.I watched a nice programme on tv yesterday evening. = Ho visto un bel programma in tv ieri sera.Have you heard the news on the radio? =Hai sentito la notizia alla radio?I surf on the Internet every day. = Navigo in Internet ogni giorno.
ALTRE PREPOSIZIONI
Preposizioni di TEMPO Esempio
by (entro, per) I'll be back by 10. = Sarò di ritorno per le 10.
since (da) - momento preciso I have lived in London since 2001. = Vivo a Londra dal 2001.
for (da) - lasso di tempoI have been waiting for her for two hours! = La aspetto da due ore!
from .. to (da .. a) Lessons are from 9 to 12. = Le lezioni sono dalle 9 alle 12.
till - until (fino a)You can park your car here until 5. = Puoi parcheggiare l'auto fino alle 5.
Preposizioni Uso Esempio
about (circa, di, riguardo) complemento d'argomento
Tell me about your trip. = Raccontami del tuo viaggio.
by (con / da) complemento di mezzo complemento d'agente
I go to work by bus. = Vado al lavoro in autobus."Imagine" was written by John Lennon. ="Imagine" è stata scritta da John Lennon.
from (da)complemento di
provenienza Where are you from? = Da dove vieni?
of (di)complemento di specificazione
This is the picture of our new house. =Questa è la foto della nostra nuova casa.
with (con) complemento di compagniaI'm going out with my friends. = Esco con gli amici.
ESPRESSIONI SENZA LE PREPOSIZIONI
Non usiamo le preposizioni con parole e locuzioni come:Es: this morning, this afternoon, every week, last Tuesday, next yearCon la parola home = preposizione di stato in luogo AT, ma nessuna preposizione di moto a luogoEs: I was at home yesterday = Ieri sono stato a casa.She went home after the party = E’ andata a casa dopo la festa
Read the following sentences and say if the prepositions are correctly used; if they’re not, correct them:
Prepositions of time:
1. What is he doing on the moment? ……………………2. I usually visit my grandparents in Christmas. ……………………3. I am going to meet my friends at lunchtime. ……………………4. We go to the beach at summer. ……………………5. Joe had a big party in his birthday. ……………………6. Shakespeare lived on the 16th century; he was born in 1564. ……………………7. Did the mammoths live on the Ice Age? ……………………8. I’ll be there in twenty minutes. ……………………9. I’ll see you in Tuesday afternoon. ……………………10. Mark went skiing in the weekend. ……………………11. We always eat a traditional cake at Easter day. ……………………12. The train leaves at 6 o’clock. ……………………13. The concert finished on midnight. ……………………14. My mother gets up early in the morning. ……………………15. The meeting is at Thursday on 3 p.m. ……………………16. The fireworks on New Year’s Eve were breathtaking. ……………………
17. I think we’ll go to Mars on the future. ……………………18. Christmas is celebrated at 25th of December. ……………………19. He likes to read a story on bedtime. ……………………20. They always play basketball on Saturdays. ……………………
Prepositions of place:
1. In the left, you can see “Sagrada Familia”. ……………………2. Please call later, Mary’s not in home now. ……………………3. Jake is ill. He’s in hospital. ……………………4. My father is a doctor; he works in the local hospital. ……………………5. Where is your sister? She’s in school. ……………………6. There is a big picture in the wall. ……………………7. My husband is mowing the lawn in the garden. ……………………8. The children are playing on the street. ……………………9. There’s an interesting documentary at TV. ……………………10. Look! There is a bee in the cake! ……………………11. We spent the summer in Spain. ……………………12. She can’t find New York in the map. ……………………13. I think there’s someone on the door. ……………………14. You can buy tickets in the bus. ……………………15. Sign you name at the bottom of the page. ……………………16. My boss is not at the office today. ……………………17. The baby spilled the food in the floor. ……………………18. There is a stain in my blouse. ……………………19. There is a hole in my blouse. ……………………20. He lives in the 3rd floor on 27 Muntaner Street at Barcelona. ……………………
TIPI DI PREPOSIZIONI DI LUOGO
Le preposizioni di luogo sono usate quando si descrive il luogo di un oggetto (persona, animale o cosa) relativo ad un altro oggetto.
Le preposizioni di luogo si possono dividere tra quelle di STATO IN LUOGO e quelle diMOTO A/DA LUOGO.
PREPOSIZIONI DI STATO IN LUOGO
Tra le più importanti preposizioni di stato in luogo ci sono AT e IN:
Uso Esempio
AT
con riferimento ad un luogo precisoGeorge is at the door. = George è alla porta.
con gli indirizzi completi di numero civico George lives at 35, King's Road. = George vive al 35 di King's Road.
con riferimento alla funzione specifica di un luogo e non allo spazio George is at school. = George è a scuola.
in alcune espressioniat the sea, at home, at the weekend, at a party = al mare, a/in casa, nel fine settimana, ad una festa
con riferimento ad un luogo chiuso o circoscritto George is in the kitchen. = George è in cucina.
IN
con gli indirizzi (vie, piazze) senza numero civico
George lives in King's Road. = George vive in King's Road.
con città, regioni, nazioni, continenti, catene montuose, arcipelaghi e grandi isole George lives in London in England. =
George vive a Londra in Inghilterra.
Questa tabella illustra altre importanti e comuni preposizioni di stato in luogo:
Preposizioni Esempio
on(su/sopra, con contatto) The book is on the desk. = Il libro è sulla scrivania.
over(più di/su/sopra/al di sopra, senza
contatto)
The plane is flying over the city. = L'aereo sta sorvolando la città.
above*(sopra/al di sopra/più in alto
di)
There is a spider hanging above your head! = C'è un ragno che pende sulla tua testa!
under(sotto) The cat is under the sofa. = Il gatto è sotto il divano.
around There aren't any chairs around the table. = Non ci sono
(intorno a) sedie attorno al tavolo.
near(vicino/vicino a) The chair is near the table. = La sedia è vicina al tavolo.
next to, beside, by(affianco/accanto a)
The supermarket is next to the bank. = Il supermercato è accanto alla banca.
behind(dietro a/di)
The car park is behind the school. = Il posteggio auto si trova dietro la scuola.
in front of(davanti a/di fronte a)
The school is in front of the car park. = La scuola si trova davanti al posteggio auto.
opposite (dirimpetto/faccia a faccia/dall'altra parte) The newsagent's is opposite the baker's. = L'edicola è dirimpetto il
fornaio.
across(dall'altra parte di)
The butcher's is just across the road. = Il macellaio è proprio dall'altra parte della strada.
in the middle of(nel centro di/nel mezzo di)
The carpet is in the middle of the room. = Il tappeto è al centro della stanza.
between(tra/fra 2)
The church is between the underground station and the hospital.= La chiesa è tra la stazione della metro e l'ospedale.
among(tra/fra molti-più di 2)
My jacket is among those ones. = La mia giacca è tra quelle.
*above si usa, a differenza di over, anche quando una cosa non è direttamente sopra un'altra, sopra lo stesso asse verticale
Es: Their house is above the lake. = La loro casa si trova in alto sul lago.
Inoltre above si usa in espressioni riguardanti le temperature, l'altezza sul livello del mare, e con average (above
average = al di sopra della media)
Es: Today's temperature is above zero. = La temperatura di oggi è sopra lo zero
2. Choose the correct preposition:1. The book __ the table.a) on b) under c) at2. Sam is __ of Ann.a) at b) in front c) behind3. The cat is __ the chair.a) in b) over c) under4. Tim is __ his friends.a) in b) on c) among5. Liz is __ the window.a) at b) above c) over6. The blackboard is __ the wall.a) at b) on c) under7. Tom is __ Ann and Liz.a) at b) between c) over8. The lamp is __ of the tablea) in b) under c) in the middle
3.Fill in the correct preposition of place:1. My mother’s portrait is ___ the fireplace. 2. The bookstore is ___ the hospital.3. Tim has put his CDs ___ the table.4. The cat was sleeping ___ the sofa.5. A big lamp is hanging ___ the table.6. Bob is writing ___ the copy book..7. Nick is ___ the best students of our school.8. ___ the left you can see a monument.9. Sam’s phone is ___ of the table.10. Rex is ___ the table. Don’t touch him.11. Ben is ___ me.12. The vase is right ___ of the table.13. Who is that boy sitting ___ Ann and Liz?14. A lot of stars are ____ us.
5. Read the story and fill in the correct prepositions of place:My RoomCome in! This is my room. It is very comfortable.___ the left you can see my sofa. It is green and soft. I like to sleep ___ it. ____ to the sofa is my table. I prepare my lessons here. There are a lot of useful things ___ it. All my books are ___ the table.My copy books are ___ the left. The lamp is ___ the right. Opposite the table is my bookcase with lots of books ___ it. I like to read them. ___ to the bookcase is the computer table where I spend a lot of time. All the CDs are ___ a special box. Look ___ the wall ____ the computer table. There are a lot of beautiful posters. I like my room.
House and forniture1. Label the pictures with the correct names. Then match the names of the
objects and furniture:
HOUSE & ROOMS Living
room House Bathroom Hall Bedroom Kitchen
OBJECTS & FURNITURE
A. SinkB. ToiletC. PictureD. RoofE. DoorF. PillowG. PosterH. GardenI. MirrorJ. BathK. CookerL. HangerM. SofaN. FridgeO. StepsP. LampQ. CurtainsR. CupboardS. ChimneyT. TowelU. WardrobeV. WashbasinW. Umbrella
standX. Rug
House &
5. Look at the pictures of the rooms in exercises 2 to 4. Check if the sentences are True (T) or False (F). Correct the false ones.1. There are two pictures on the wall in the living room. 2. There is a TV in front of one of the sofas.3. There is a rug in the kitchen.4. There is a bin in front of the fridge.5. There is a lamp next to the bed.6. There are four posters on the wall over the bed. 4. Look at the picture and complete with is/are and a place preposition: IN FRONT OF, ON, UNDER, BETWEEN, NEXT TO, OVER.1. There _____ a guitar _____ the wardrobe and the night table.2. There _____ two tennis balls _____ the floor.3. There _____ a rug _____the guitar.4. There _____ a toy car _____ the magazine.5. There _____ two posters _____ the wall _____ the bed.6. There _____ a tennis racket ________ the bed.
2. Look at the picture and complete with there is/isn’t or there are/aren’t:1. ____________ a TV in the living room.2. ____________ a picture on the wall.3. ____________ two sofas in the room. 4. ____________ three chairs and a table.5. ____________ a rug under the sofas. 6. ____________ a stereo set under the window.
3. Look at the picture and complete with is/isn’t, are/aren’t, a/an, some or any:1. There _____ _____ cooker next to the fridge.2. There _____ _____ plates in the sink.3. There _____ _____ glasses on the table.4. There _____ _____ clock over the fridge.5. There _____ _____ boxes on the floor.
4. Look at the picture and complete with is/are and a place preposition: IN FRONT OF, ON, UNDER, BETWEEN, NEXT TO, OVER.1. There _____ a guitar _____ the wardrobe and the night table.2. There _____ two tennis balls _____ the floor.3. There _____ a rug _____the guitar.4. There _____ a toy car _____ the magazine.5. There _____ two posters _____ the wall _____ the bed.6. There _____ a tennis racket ________ the bed.
5. Look at the pictures of the rooms in exercises 2 to 4. Check if the sentences are True (T) or False (F). Correct the false ones.1. There are two pictures on the wall in the living room. 2. There is a TV in front of one of the sofas.3. There is a rug in the kitchen.4. There is a bin in front of the fridge.5. There is a lamp next to the bed.6. There are four posters on the wall over the bed.
Match words and pictures
1chopping board
2
What are these?1. ................................. 4. .................................
2. ................................. 5. .................................
3. ................................. 6. .................................
Read the text and answer the questions.
Northacre Council Department of Education
Sixteen - What now?
You’re 16 and finally you can leave school! By now, you’re probably sick of teachers, desks, tests and exams. But don’t just run for the exit. You need to think carefully about what to do next.If you want a professional career, you will need to go to university and get a degree. To do that, you need to stay at high school for another two years. But you needn’t stay at the same place. There are several options in the district of Northacre.St. Leopold’s School has the best pass rate of all the high schools in the district. It offers a wide range of subjects in the
3
5 6 7
9 11 12ladle
glass
pan
mug
grater
cupboard
chopsticks
plate
cleaver
knife
pot
rolling pin
13
10
1716
1514
shelves
saucepan
spatula
whisk
colander
18
8
4
1
2 3
5
4
6
humanities and sciences. St Leopold’s is, of course, a private school, so may be too expensive for you. But don’t worry, there are several other options if you want to follow the academic route. Knowle Grammar School is a state school, so there are no fees, and it has excellent tuition and facilities. It is a boys’ school from the ages of 11-16, but from 16-18 it is co-educational. But it is selective, so you’ll have to pass an exam to get in. If you’re interested in going into Business, check out Wyle River Academy. This school specialises in subjects like Business Studies, Management and Economics. If you prefer the arts, look at the courses on offer at Northacre College. Here you can study woodwork, art, textiles and much more.Northacre College also offers a wide range of vocational qualifications. You can do a 1-year certificate or a 2-year diploma in subjects like electrics, plumbing, roofing and hairdressing. If you’d prefer to work outdoors, look at Milldown College, where there are courses in Farm Mechanics, Land Management, Animal Management and much more.A final option is to get an apprenticeship with a local or national company. You will get on-the-job training, gain certificates or diplomas and start earning straight away. But be warned - places are limited! Find out more at the Jobs Fair on 26th May at Northacre College.
1 The aim of the article is to…
advise young people about how to get to university.
tell young people about the options available.
advise young people to stay in education.
2 The article advises reader who want a professional career to…
go to university immediately.
stay at the same school for two more years.
go to high school for two more years, then get a degree.
3 St Leopold’s is the best school for…
good exam results.
humanities and sciences.
facilities.
4 You can only attend St Leopold’s school if you…
pay tuition fees.
pass an exam.
study both humanities and sciences.
5 You can only attend Knowle Grammar School if you…
pass an exam.
are a boy.
can afford the tuition fees.
6 Anna wants to work with horses. Where is the best place for her to study?
Wyle River Academy
Northacre College
Milldown College
7 Harry wants to be a builder. Where is the best place for him to study?
Wyle River Academy
Northacre College
Milldown College
8 Kevin wants to be a fashion designer. Where is the best place for him to study?
Wyle River Academy
Northacre College
Milldown College
9 Caroline wants to run her own company. Where is the best place for him to study?
Wyle River Academy
Northacre College
Milldown College
10 What is the problem with apprenticeships?
There are few available.
They are expensive.
They don’t give you any qualifications.
PAST SIMPLE
Il Simple Past Tense può essere tradotto in italiano con l'imperfetto, il passato prossimo e il passato remoto dell'indicativo, o con l'imperfetto del congiuntivo
La sua forma è la stessa con tutti i soggetti: per i verbi regolari si aggiunge -ed alla forma base.
Ad esempio: fill - filled boil - boiled work - worked play - played
Fanno eccezione pochi verbi che cambiano un po' la parte finale. Nella
seguente tabella sono elencate le variazioni
VERBICOME COSTRUIRE IL SIMPLE
PAST ESEMPIO
che terminano in eaggiungere -d alla forma base del verbo live - lived date - dated
che terminano in consonante + y
cambiare y in i, poi aggiungere -ed try - tried cry - cried
che terminano con1 vocale accentata + 1
consonante(ma non w o y)
raddoppiare la consonante, poi aggiungere -ed
stop - stopped unzip - unzipped prefer - preferredtransmit - transmitted
che tterminano con 1 vocale + l raddoppiare la l, poi aggiungere -ed travel - travelled label - labelled
Altri verbi irregolari si dividono in 3 principali categorie
Categoria Esempi
verbi che non cambiano
cost - cost cut - cut hit - hit fit - fit
verbi che cambiano la loro vocale
come - came drink - drank get - gotsit - sat
verbi che cambiano completamente
bring - brought catch - caught go - went
take - took
Nella tabella che segue sono elencati i paradigmi dei principali verbi irregolari inglesi. La tabella è composta da 4 colonne:
nella prima colonna è presente l'Infinitive (Infinito) del verbo, composto dallaforma base preceduta dal to
nella seconda colonna è elencato il paradigma del Simple Past nella terza colonna quello del Past Participle (Participo Passato) che viene usato per i tempi composti e per la
formazione della voce passiva
nella quarta colonna la traduzione in italiano del verbo.
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Italiano
to arise arose arisen sorgere
to be (am, is, are) was, were been essere
to bear bore borne portare/sopportare
to beat beat beaten battere
to become became become diventare
to begin began begun incominciare
to bend bent bent piegare/piegarsi
to bet bet bet scommettere
to bite bit bitten mordere
to bleed bled bled sanguinare
to blow blew blown soffiare
to break broke broken rompere/rompersi
to breed bred bred allevare/generare
to bring brought brought portare
to build built built costruire
to burn burned, burnt burned, burnt bruciare
to buy bought bought comprare
to cast cast cast gettare
to catch caught caught prendere/acchiappare
to choose chose chosen scegliere
to come came come venire
to cost cost cost costare
to creep crept crept strisciare
to cut cut cut tagliare
to deal dealt dealt trattare
to dig dug dug scavare
to dive dived, dove dived tuffarsi
to do did done fare
to draw drew drawn disegnare
to dream dreamed, dreamt dreamed, dreamt sognare
to drink drank drunk bere
to drive drove driven guidare (auto)
to eat ate eaten mangiare
to fall fell fallen cadere
to feed fed fed nutrire
to feel felt felt sentire/sentirsi
to fight fought fought combattere
to find found found trovare
to flee fled fled fuggire
to fly flew flown volare
to forbid forbade forbidden proibire
to forget forgot forgotten, forgot dimenticare
to forgive forgave forgiven perdonare
to freeze froze frozen gelare
to get got gotten, got ottenere/diventare
to give gave given dare
to go went gone andare
to grind ground ground tritare
to grow grew grown crescere/coltivare
to hang hung hung appendere
to have had had avere
to hear heard heard udire
to hide hid hidden nascondere
to hold held held tenere/trattenere
to hurt hurt hurt ferire
to keep kept kept tenere/conservare
to kneel knelt, kneeled knelt, kneeled inginocchiarsi
to know knew known conoscere/sapere
to lay laid laid deporre/posare
to lead led led condurre/guidare
to learn learnt, learned learnt, learned imparare
to leave left left partire
to lend lent lent prestare
to let let let lasciare/permettere
to lie lay lain giacere/trovarsi
to light lighted, lit lighted, lit accendere
to lose lost lost perdere
to make made made fare/costruire
to mean meant meant significare
to meet met met incontrare
to pay paid paid pagare
to put put put mettere
to quit quit quit smettere
to read read read leggere
to ride rode ridden cavalcare
to ring rang rung suonare/squillare
to rise rose risen sorgere/alzarsi
to run ran run correre
to say said said dire
to see saw seen vedere
to seek sought sought cercare
to sell sold sold vendere
to send sent sent mandare/spedire
to set set set porre
to shake shook shaken scuotere
to shed shed shed versare
to shine shone shone brillare/splendere
to shoot shot shot sparare
to show showed shown mostrare
to shrink shrank shrunk, shrunken restringersi
to shut shut shut chiudere
to sing sang sung cantare
to sink sank sunk affondare
to sit sat sat sedersi
to sleep slept slept dormire
to slide slid slid scivolare
to speak spoke spoken parlare
to spend spent spent spendere/trascorrere
to spread spread spread diffondere/stendere
to spring sprang sprung saltare
to stand stood stood stare in piedi
to steal stole stolen rubare
to stick stuck stuck attaccare/attaccarsi
to sting stung stung pungere
to stink stank stunk puzzare
to strike struck struck, striken colpire
to strive strove striven lottare
to swear swore sworn giurare
to sweep swept swept spazzare/scopare
to swim swam swum nuotare
to swing swung swung dondolare
to take took taken prendere/portare
to teach taught taught insegnare
to tear tore torn strappare
to tell told told dire/raccontare
to think thought thought pensare
to throw threw thrown gettare
to tread trod trodden calpestare
to understand understood understood comprendere
to wake woke woken svegliare/svegliarsi
to wear wore worn indossare/logorare
to win won won vincere
to wind wound wound avvolgere
to wring wrung wrung torcere
to write wrote written scrivere
SIMPLE PAST: FORME INTERROGATIVA E NEGATIVA
FORME NEGATIVA
La frase negativa del Past Simple si forma con l'ausiliare did seguito dalla forma base del verbo principale. I didn’t work.
FORMA INTERROGATIVA Anche le interrogative vengono formate usando l'ausiliare did. Questa volta però, l'ausiliare viene posto davanti al soggetto.Did I work?
FORMA INTERROGATIVA-NEGATIVA Didn’t I work?
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a) There ....................... any department stores here twenty years ago.b) ................... there a park back then? – No, there ........... c) What .............................. your favourite toys when you ................................. a child?d) There ............................ any cars here twenty years ago.e) Is Julia ill? She ..................................... at school today.f) There .................... a lot of people at the party last night.g) Where .................................................... you yesterday?h) I called David but he ........................................ at home.
a) I ............................................ him over with one blow.b) I ................. a suspicious-looking individual in the hall.c) Mother ..................... absolutely furious: Doctor Smith ................. to have a look at father and I ....................... his leg and ................................... his arm.d) I ............... to the door and ............................. it quietly.e) The clock ................... twelve when I ....................... up.
My son clean his room yesterday. ...............................
She didn’t got the prize. ...............................................
I be late for the meeting yesterday. ..............................
Did you went fishing last week? ..................................
We taken our dog for a walk some time ago. ..............
When I was five I can’t drive a car. .............................
Jason repairing that old fridge last Sunday. .................
In 1890 I leaved Paris. .................................................
Two months ago my father selled his old car. .............
He hased a very good job as a manager. .....................
a) Picasso’s family (move) .............. to Barcelona in 1895.b) (you/ go) ......................... to the Picasso museum when you (be) ..................................... in Barcelona last month?c) We (eat) ............................ seafood in a great restaurant in the Olympic Port.d) Mary (want) .................................... to see all the sights so she (take) ...................... the tourist bus around the city.e) They (buy) .......................................... a lot of souvenirs when they (go) .......................... shopping in the Ramblas.f) Unfortunately, James (not/ have) ........................ time to visit Parc Guell when he (be) ....................... in Barcelona.
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct Past Simple forms:
5.
1. Jack, Kate and I ............... in this competition.
a. taked part b. took part c. did took part
2. She.........in my company in 1989.
a. worked b. is worked c. workd
3. My parents...............me money for a new computer
a. don't gave b. didn't gave c. didn't give
4. ................. supper yesterday evening?
a.did you eat b. ate you c. did you ate
5. I..................Spanish when I ................ten
a. understood, be b. understood, was c. understood, were
6. My teacher...............me a lot.
a.like b. didn't liked c. didn't like
7.Yesterday we all ...............to the cinema to watch a nice comedy
a. went b.goed c. did go
8. As a child he...............polite, so she punished him a lot.
a. didn't be b. weren't c. wasn't
9. Last year we.............to Italy and ............many famous places.
a. go, visit b. goed, visited c. went, visited
10. .........she .........this beautiful dress in London?
a. does.......buy b. did....buy c. did.....bought
Choose the correct answer:
2.
Fill in the gaps with the verbs from the box using Past
Simple Tense:3.
Fill in: was, wasn’t, were, weren’t:
1.
Correct mistakes:
4.
be, break, come, hurt, knock, open see, strike,
walk, wake
Class: ___________ Name: __________________________________
in all the boxes and blanks.
D. Fill in the blanks using simple past:A: Where ______ (do) you goYesterday?B: I ________ (go) to the park. I ______ (take) my dog for a walk. What ______ (do)you do last night?A: I ________ (take) the bus to the stadium. I _______(see) the soccer game between the Lions and the Blue-wings. It ______ (be)a great game. B: I _______(forget) about the game. Who _____ (win) the game?
C. – Write sentences or questions using simple past:I/buy/book/yesterday – I bought a book yesterday.
1. /he/get up/8:00 this morning _________________________________________________2. they/leave/work / 6:00 PM/ today _____________________________ ____________________3. who/do/you/speak /party/last night?_______________________________________________4. she/wear/blue jeans/school/yesterday._________________________________________________5. Kate/go shopping/Saturday._________________________________________________6.who /drive/park/Sunday?_________________________________________________7. do/they/grow up/Vancouver?__________________________________________________
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A. Write the simple past of the verbs:
1. be ___________2. begin _________3. break _________4. bring _________5. buy __________6. catch _________7. choose ________8. cut ___________9. do ___________10. draw __________11. drink _________12. drive __________13. fall ____________14. find ___________15. fly ____________16. get ___________17. give ___________18. go ____________19. grow __________20. have____________21. hear ___________22. know __________23. leave __________24. make __________25. meet __________26. pay ___________27. read ___________28. ride ___________29. run ____________30. say ____________31. see ___________32. sell ___________33. send __________34. sing ___________35. speak __________36. take ___________37. tell ___________38. wear__________39. win __________40. write __________
B – Write sentences about Kate’s schedule yesterday.
Kate’s schedule:7:00 AM Get up 11:30 Send e-mail7:10 Take shower 12:00 Take lunch7:20 Put on clothes 2:00 Meet boss7:30 Eat breakfast 3:00 Make marketing plan8:00 Leave for work 5:00 Go home8:00-9:00
Drive car to work
6:00 Make dinner
9:00 AM Read mail 11:00 Get ready for bed9:30 Write report 11:30 sleep
1. At 7:00 she got up.2. At
7:10______________________________________
3. AT 7:20_____________________________________
4. At 7:30______________________________________
5. At 8:00______________________________________
6. From 8:00-9:00_______________________________
7. At 9:00___________________________________
D
E. - Use any in questions or negative answers. Use some positive answers.1. Is there __________ coffee on the table?No, there isn’t ______ coffee but there is ______ tea.2. Are there _____ cookies left? No, there aren’t _____ cookies left. There is _____ cake though.3. Is there any milk in the fridge? Yes, there is _____ milk but there isn’t _____ cream.4. Do you have ____ money? No, I don’t have ____ money but I do have _____ credit cards.67
A. Write the simple past of the verbs:
1. Was/were2. began _________3. broke _________4. brought _________5. bought __________6. caught _________7. chose ________8. cut ___________9. did ___________10. drew __________11. drank _________12. drove __________13. fell ____________14. found ___________15. flew ____________16. got ___________17. gave ___________18. went ____________19. grew __________20. had____________21. heard ___________22. knew __________23. left __________24. made __________25. met __________26. paid ___________27. read ___________28. rode ___________29. ran ____________30. said ____________31. saw ___________32. sold ___________33. sent __________34. sang ___________35. spoke __________36. took ___________37. told ___________38. wore__________39. won __________40. wrote __________
B – 1. At 7:00 she got up.2. At 7:10 she took a shower.3. AT 7:20 put on her clothes.4. At 7:30 she ate breakfast.5. At 8:00 she left for work.6. From 8:00-9:00 she drove her car to work.7. At 9:00 she read her mail.8. At 9:30 she wrote a report.9. At 11:30 she sent e-mail.10.At 12:00 she ate lunch.11.At 2:00 she met her boss.12.At 3:00 she made a marketing plan.13.At 5:00 she went home.14.At 6:00 she made dinner.15.At 11:00 she got ready for bed.16.From 11:30 PM to 7:00 AM she slept.
C. Write sentences or questions using simple past:I/buy/book/yesterday – I bought a book yesterday.
1. He got up at 8:00 this morning.2. They left work at 6:00 PM this morning. 3. Who did you speak to at the party last night?4. She wore blue jeans to school yesterday.5. Kate went shopping on Saturday.6. Who drove to the park on Sunday?7. Did they grow up in Vancouver?8. I put the laundry away.9. Who cut your hair?10. She heard the music on the radio this morning
SOSTANTIVI NUMERABILI E NON NUMERABILI
In inglese ci sono due tipi di sostantivi: sostantivi numerabili (countable nouns) e non numerabili (uncountable nouns).I non numerabili di solito non hanno il plurale.
Di seguito sono illustrate le differenze tra i due tipi:
TIPI DI SOSTANTIVI DIFFERENZE ESEMPI
countable nouns
Sono sostantivi che possono essere numerati, cioè che hanno il plurale. Inoltre, quando un sostantivo numerabile è singolare viene spesso preceduto dall'articolo indeterminativo a/an
There are two books on the table.
There is an elephant in my car.
uncountable nouns
Sono di solito sostantivi che non possono essere numerati. I sostantivi non numerabili hanno la sola forma singolare; quando non compaiono da soli sono preceduti dalle forme some, any, no
Could I have some water, please?
I'd like some rice with my steak.
I sostantivi numerabili sono di solito oggetti che possono essere numerati, mentre quelli non numerabili sono spesso sostanze, come cibi e bevande, che non possono essere facilmente contate (sand "sabbia", water "acqua", bread "pane") o sono idee astratte (come nature "natura", space "spazio" o entertainment "divertimento").
Ecco alcuni esempi:
COUNTABLE NOUNS: pen, table, car, idea, answer, class, exam, shoe
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS: education, intelligence, clothing, soap, air, cheese, grass, literature
COME NUMERARE I SOSTANTIVI NON NUMERABILI
Talvolta possiamo avere il bisogno di numerare i sostantivi non numerabili per indicare una quantità. A tale scopo si possono usare delle parole di misurazione o di conteggio come ad esempio: a bar of chocolate = una barra di cioccolato two loaves of bread = due pagnotte di pane three slices of meat = tre fettine di carne
E' utile conoscere alcune delle più comuni parole di misurazione o di conteggio e saperle usare. Eccone degli esempi
PAROLE DI MISURAZIONE
of
SOSTANTIVI USATI
bar chocolate - soap
cube ice - sugar
game cards - football - tennis
glass beer - juice - water - wine
slice cake - meat
pieceadvice - information - clothing - furniture - machinery
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E' necessario conoscere la differenza tra i sostantivi numerabili e non numerabili per:- usare gli articoli the, a/an correttamente- usare i plurali dei sostantivi correttamente- usare gli indefiniti much/many, little/few correttamente
MUCH (molto/a/i/e), TOO MUCH (troppo/a/i/e) e LITTLE (poco/a/chi/che) si usano con isostantivi non numerabili
MANY (molti) e TOO MANY (troppi) e FEW (poco/a/chi/che) si usano con i sostantivi numerabili
AGGETTIVI e PRONOMI INDEFINITI
Indefinito Uso Esempi
some qualche/del/ alcuno/un po' frasi affermative* I've got some cheese = Ho un po' di formaggio
any qualche/del/
alcuno
frasi negative e interrogative**
Have you got any eggs? = Hai delle uova? There aren't any books = Non ci sono libri
no (solo come aggettivo)
nessun
come aggettivo al posto di not...any
There are no books = Non ci sono libri
much molto/a/i/e
di solito frasi negative e interrogative con i
sostantivi non numerabili
I don't usually eat much bread = Di solito non mangio molto paneHave you got much money? = Hai molti soldi?
many molto/a/i/e
di solito frasi negative e interrogative con i
sostantivi numerabili
Have you got many friends? = Hai molti amici?There aren't many computers at school = Non ci sono molti computer a scuola
a lot of lots of molto/a/i/e
di solito frasi affermative*** sia con i numerabili che con i non numerabili (lots of è più informale e indica una
quantità maggiore)
We've got a lot of students this year = Abbiamo molti studenti quest'anno
Lots of people went to London for the Olympic games = Molte persone sono andate a Londra per i giochi olimpici
little poco/a con i non numerabili
There's little bread left = E' rimasto poco pane(condizione negativa)
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a little un po' di
(sostituito anche daa bit of in modo
informale)
con i non numerabiliThere's still a little bread = C'è ancora un po' di pane (condizione positiva)
There's still a bit of bread = C'è ancora un po' di pane (condizione positiva)
few pochi/e con i numerabili I have got few friends = Ho pochi amici
(condizione negativa)
a few**** qualche/alcuni con i numerabili
I have got a few friends = Ho qualche amico(condizione positiva)
Sia some che any possono essere usati con i sostantivi numerabili (come book) e non numerabili (come water).A little e a few esprimono un'idea positiva, al contrario di little e few che esprimono un'idea negativa.
*Si usa some anche nelle frasi interrogative col significato di offerta o richiestaEs: Would you like some coffee? = Vorresti del caffè?
Can you buy some bread? = Puoi comprare un po' di pane?
**Si usa any nelle affermative introdotte da if e nelle affermative con il significato diQUALUNQUE, QUALSIASIES: If there are any funny t-shirts, please buy one for me. = Se ci sono delle magliette simpatiche, per favore compramene una.Call me any time you want. = Chiamami a qualsiasi ora tu voglia.
***E' possibile usare a lot of anche per le frasi interrogative e negativeEs: There aren't a lot of people at the theatre tonight. = Non ci sono molte persone al teatro stasera.
****La differenza d'uso tra some e a few sta nel fatto che quest'ultimo si usa solo con isostantivi numerabili plurali
COMPOSTI DI SOME, ANY, NO
Persone Cose Luoghi
Frase affermativasomebody someone(qualcuno)
something(qualcosa)
somewhere(da qualche parte/in
qualche luogo)
Frase interrogativaanybody* anyone*
(qualcuno)*
anything*(qualcosa)
anywhere*(da qualche parte/in
qualche luogo)
Frase negativa
not...anybody not...anyone (nessuno)
not...anything(niente/nulla)
not...anywhere(da nessuna parte/in nessun
luogo)
nobody no one
(nessuno)
nothing(niente/nulla)
nowhere(da nessuna parte/in nessun
luogo)
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I composti di any possono essere usati nelle affermative quando assumono il significato di CHIUNQUE, QUALSIASI COSA, OVUNQUEEs: Anywhere you go, I'll be with you! = Ovunque tu vada, sarò con te!
Countable and Uncountable Nouns 1
Complete the sentences using either ‘a’ or ‘some’:
There is ________________ sand in my shoe.
There is ________________ five pound note in my wallet.
There is ________________ wine in the cupboard.
There is ________________ butter in the fridge.
There is ________________ peanut butter on the worktop.
There is ________________ radio in the kitchen.
There is ________________ toothbrush in the bathroom.
There is ________________ jam in the cupboard.
There is ________________ magazine in the living room.
There is ________________ queue at the post office.
There is ________________ luggage in the car.
There is ________________ suitcase in the bedroom.
There is ________________ flour in the cupboard.
There is ________________ sugar in your tea.
There is ________________ bicycle outside.
1. Complete the table with countable and uncountable nouns
2-Put the words in the right place
3-Put the words in
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Countable nouns Uncountable nouns
Sandwich – tomato-juice-coffee-banana-chocolate-potato-bread-onion-cheese-egg-vegetable-peach-salad- lemon-pear-rice-sweet-tea-sugar-butter-meat-oil-cucumber-orange
A dozen- a head- a bunch- a loaf- a bar-a slice- a piece A tin- a glass- a cup –a box- a carton- a packet-a jar- a bottle –a can- a tube
the box in the right place
Much/many, few/a few, little/a little1. Fill in the gaps with few/a few.
1. There are ___________ more things to do before I can have a rest.2. Please, buy ___________ bottles of milk in the supermarket.3. Unfortunately, __________ children avoid eating fast food.4. There are ___________ questions in your test in which you’ve made mistakes. That’s why your mark is high, so well
done!5. Kate sees her friends ___________ times a week.
2. Fill in the gaps with little/a little.1. My daughter sometimes borrows ___________ money from me.2. When you roast the chicken today, add _________ salt.3. I’ve got _________ money on my bank card, so I’ll pay in cash.4. There is __________ snow on the outside sill.5. There’s too ___________ water in my bottle, so you’d better buy some more.
3. Fill in the gaps with few/a few/little/a little.1. Cook __________ porridge in that pot, please. I’d like something light for breakfast.2. He worked hard on his painting, but very _______ critics liked it.3. Most of the children have completed the task, but _______of them are still working.
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1 …….of chocolate
2 …….of eggs
4……. of cabbage5 …….of cake
1 ……of lemonade
2 …….of honey
3 …….of milk
5 …….of tuna
6 …….. of cereal
2 …….of chips
2 …….of water
7 …….of coke
7 …….of grapes
2 …….of toothpaste
4 …….of cup
4. There isn’t __________ useful information on this website.
4. Fill in the gaps with many/much.1. There aren’t __________ people in our group.2. How _________ did you pay for your new flat?3. __________ people would agree with you, but I think you’re wrong.4. We haven’t got _________ books, have we? 5. You don’t need to buy ___________ violet paint. You can always mix red and blue to make violet.
not any (no) / any / some1. Fill in the gaps with not any (no) / any / some(NOT ANY = NO, so you can use both variants:There aren’t any pencils = There are no pencils)Jane: Have you got 1 ______ work to do?Bob: Yes, I guess I have 2 _______ small texts to translate. Then I’ll be free.Jane: There are 3 ___________any interesting books for our daughter to read. It would be very nice if you go to the library and borrow 4____________.Bob: OK, but not now. Now I have 5__________ time. Can Bill give Lisa _______books for a while?Bill: Well, of course I can, but there are 6__________ books on my shelf which Lisa would like.Jane: I know you’ve got 7________ fairy tales. They will be perfect for your sister.Bill: Have I got 8_________ fairy tales? Well, maybe I’ve got one or two. But still, it’ll be better if dad goes to the library.
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Emma is on a Diet
Recently, Emma has put on a lot of weight. For two weeks, she has been on a strict
diet. She is very pleased with herself because she has already lost five pounds, but
she wants to lose ten more pounds before her trip to France next month. Emma is
going with a group of friends, and she wants to look her best and wear her
fashionable clothes. Everyone tells her she looks great, but she does not agree. She
bought new clothes for her vacation, but she cannot fit into them. Emma bought a
diet book that lists the calories of foods. At the end of the day, she writes down
everything she ate and adds up the calories. She tries to eat no more than a thousand calories per day. Right now, she is
thinking about eating a slice of cake and a burger. Everyone agrees that dieting is not easy, especially when you are a sweet
tooth!
Answer the following questions in full sentences.
1. How much weight does Emma want to lose?
___________________________________________________________________________2. Where is she going?___________________________________________________________________________3. What did she buy?___________________________________________________________________________4. How many calories is she eating a day?___________________________________________________________________________5. Is she keeping to her diet? Why?___________________________________________________________________________
Discussion: Why did Emma buy new clothes that do not fit?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
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COMPARATIVI e SUPERLATIVI di AGGETTIVI e AVVERBI
I Comparativi e i Superlativi sono forme speciali degli aggettivi e degli avverbi. Sono usati per paragonare due o più cose.I Comparativi possono essere di Maggioranza, Uguaglianza e Minoranza, mentre iSuperlativi Relativi possono essere di Maggioranza e Minoranza.
USO DEI COMPARATIVI E SUPERLATIVI RELATIVI
I Comparativi sono usati per paragonare due persone, animali, cose, concetti astratti.
I Superlativi sono usati per paragonare più di due persone, animali, cose, concetti astratti.
COMPARATIVI E SUPERLATIVI DI MAGGIORANZA REGOLARI
Gli aggettivi formano il grado comparativo e superlativo a seconda del numero di sillabe da cui sono composti.Ecco le regole:
Aggettivo - Avverbio Comparativo Superlativo
monosillabico che termina cone muta, cioè non pronunciata
wide*, fine*, cute*
Aggiungere -er
wider, finer, cuter
Aggiungere -est
widest, finest, cutest
monosillabico che termina con 1 consonante preceduta da 1 vocale
hot, big, fat
Raddoppiare la consonante e aggiungere-er
hotter, bigger, fatter
Raddoppiare la consonante e aggiungere -est
hottest, biggest, fattest
monosillabico che termina con più di 1 consonante e/o più di 1 vocalelight, neat, fast
Aggiungere -er
lighter, neater, faster
Aggiungere -est
lightest, neatest, fastest
Aggettivo bisillabico che termina con y, ow, er e l'avverbio earlyhappy, narrow, clever*
Aggiungere -er (cambiare la y in i)earlier happier, narrower, cleverer
Aggiungere -est (cambiare lay in i) earliest happiest, silliest, cleverest
plurisillabico, bisillabico non che termina con ymodern, interesting, beautiful
Usare MORE davanti all'aggettivomore modern, more interesting, more beautiful
Usare MOST davanti all'aggettivomost modern, most interesting, most beautiful
* Nota che il conteggio delle sillabe in inglese è diverso da quello in italiano, perché in inglese le vocali non
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pronunciate non formano la sillaba
IL SECONDO TERMINE DI PARAGONE
Nei Comparativi è necessario usare THAN per introdurre il secondo termine di paragoneEs: Ken is nicer than Sam. = Ken è più carino di Sam.
Nel linguaggio formale quando in italiano il secondo termine di paragone corrisponde ad un pronome personale, si usa il pronome soggetto insieme con l'ausiliare (o modale se presente nella frase)
Informale: Ken is nicer than me. = Ken è più carino di me. Formale: Ken is nicer than I am. = Ken è più carino di me. Informale: He works harder than her. = Lavora più di lei.Formale: He works harder than she does. = Lavora più di lei.Informale: Nick can play football better than you. = Nick sa giocare a calcio meglio di te.Formale: Nick can play football better than you can. = Nick sa giocare a calcio meglio di te.
I Superlativi degli aggettivi sono sempre preceduti dall'articolo determinativo THE, mentre per gli avverbi si può omettere; il secondo termine di paragone è introdotto da in se consiste in un complemento di stato in luogo, that se segue una frase relativa, altrimenti si usa of.
Es: Mike is the nicest in the class.= Mike è il più carino della classe.Mike is the nicest person that I know. = Mike è la persona più carina che conosca. Mike is the nicest of my friends = Mike è il più carino dei miei amici.Sebastian speaks (the) most quietly of you all. = Sebastian parla più a voce bassa di tutti voi.
COMPARATIVI E SUPERLATIVI DI MAGGIORANZA IRREGOLARI
Aggettivo - Avverbio Comparativi Superlativi
good = buonowell = bene better = meglio, migliore the best = il meglio, il migliore
bad = cattivobadly = male worse = peggio, peggiore the worst = il peggio, il peggiore
old = vecchio older = più vecchio the oldest = il più vecchio
elder = maggiore (di età) the eldest = il maggiore (di età)
far = lontanofarther = più lontanofurther = ulteriore
the farthest = il più lontano
near = vicino nearer = più vicinothe nearest = il più vicino the nearest = il prossimo, il successivo
late = tardi later = più tardithe latest = l'ultimo, il più recente the last = l'ultimo (in senso definitivo, non ce ne saranno più)
many = molto/amuch = molti/e more = più the most = il più
little = poco/a less = meno the least = il meno
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COMPARATIVI DI UGUAGLIANZA
Affermativaas + aggettivo / avverbio + as + secondo termine di paragone
Es: She is as clever as me. = Lei è brava quanto me.
Negativanot as / so + aggettivo / avverbio + as + secondo termine di paragoneEs: She doesn't run so fast as me. = Lei non corre veloce come me.
Nella frase negativa è possibile usare indifferentemente davanti all'aggettivo o all'avverbioas oppure so.
COMPARATIVI E SUPERLATIVI DI MINORANZA
Comparativi Superlativi
less + aggettivo / avverbio + than the least + aggettivo / avverbio + of / in
Es: My car is less cheap than yours. = La mia auto è meno economica della tua.
Es: This Chinese restaurant is the least cheap in Milano.= Questo ristorante cinese è il meno economico a Milano.
Al comparativo di minoranza si preferisce nel linguaggio colloquiale il comparativo di uguaglianza nella forma negativa.
Es: She is less kind than you. = Lei è meno gentile di te. -> She isn't so kind as you.= Lei non è gentile come te.
USO IDIOMATICO DEL COMPARATIVO
a. Le espressioni in italiano "sempre più" e "sempre meno" si costruiscono in inglese con il seguente schema:
1. nei comparativi di maggioranza con il suffisso -er:comparativo + and + comparative
Es: Your English is getting better and better. = Il tuo inglese sta migliorando sempre più.
2. nei comparativi di maggioranza con more: more + and + more + aggettivo / avverbio
Es: This restaurant is getting more and more expensive. = Questo ristorante sta diventando sempre più costoso.
3. nei comparativi di minoranza:less + and + less + aggettivo / avverbio
Es: The lesson was becoming less and less interesting. = La lezione stava diventando sempre meno interessante.
b. L'espressione in italiano "(tanto) più ... (tanto) più / meno" si costruisce in inglese con il seguente schema:
The + comparativo ... , the + comparativo
Es: The harder you study, the better it is. = Più studi, meglio è.The more modern the car is, the less I like it. = Tanto più l'auto è moderna, tanto meno mi piace.
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ESERCIZI
1. America is much ......................................(large) France.
2. David isn’t as ………………………………………………….. (tall) as Bob.
3. Cats aren’t as ……………………………………………….(aggressive) as lions.
4. Do you think she is .........................................(old) I am?
5. I think tulips are ...........................................(beautiful) daffodils.
6. Is it as ......................................(cold) here as in Canada?
7. It is ten miles from .................................................(near) town.
8. It isn't very warm today. It was ..........................(warm) yesterday.
9. It was a very cold day. It was ............................(cold) of the year.
10. It was a very happy day. It was ...........................(happy) day of my life.
11. My father is much .............................................(bad) he was.
12. Shirley is a lot ………………………….………………………………..(intelligent ) Susan.
13. She's a very popular singer. She is .....................................(popular)
singer in our country.
14. Mary's car isn't very big. My car is .....................................(big) hers.
15. Paris is ....................................................(large) city in France.
16. The TGV is ......................................(fast) of all the other trains.
17. The Taylors aren't very nice. The Browns are much ...................(nice).
18. This church is very old. It's .....................................(old) in the town.
19. What is ............................................(long) river in the world?
2. Fill in the missing forms of the degrees of comparisons:
1.high ……………… ……………….2. ……………….. smaller ……………….3. ………………. ……………… the largest4. heavy …………….. ………………5. ……………… newer ……………….6. …………….. …………….. the most interesting7. beautiful …………….. ………………8. ……………. more difficult ………………9. creative ……………. ..............10. ………… ……………. the most careful11. bad …………… .............12. …………. …………… the most13. ………….. better …………….14. little …………… ……………..
3. Choose the correct variant:1. Mary is ___ than Kate.a) tall b) taller c) the tallest2. Tom is ___ than Bob.a) short b) shorter c) the shortest3. Bill reads ____ than Ben.
a) much b) more c) the most 4. Pam is ___ than Helen.a) old b) older c) the oldest5. Mona’s dress is ___ than Pam’s dress.a) cheap b) cheaper c) the cheapest6. Nick is ____ than Mike.
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a) fast b) faster c) the fastest7. Tim is ____ than his brother.a) helpful b) more helpful c) the most helpful8. This text is ___ than that text.a) difficult b) more difficult c) the most difficult
4. Fill in the correct form of the word: 1. July is the ___ (hot) month of the year.2. My bike is the ___ (cheap).3. This is the ___ (high) tree in this park.4. Peter is the ___ (good) runner at school.
5. Mona is the ___ (clever) student in our class.6. This task is the ___ (difficult) in the test.7. The traffic on this road is the ___ (dangerous).8. It is the ___ (heavy) box here.9. My granny is the ___ (old) in our family.10. This car is the ___ (expensive) here.11. Liz is the ___ (fat) girl in our street.12. This is the ___ (good) translation.13. It is the ___ (popular) film now.14. I think it is the ___ (cold) day today.15. It is the ___ (big) size of the dress.16. Bob is the ___ (good) student in our class.
5. Comparative or superlative? 1. April is __ (warm) than January.2. August is the __ (hot) month of the year.3. November is __ (cold) than September.4. It is the __ (old) tree in this park.5. My mobile is __ (expensive) than yours.6. This text is the __ (easy) text in the book.7. It is the __ (boring) film this week.8. Pam’s hair is __ (long) than Kate’s hair.9. I think it is the __ (long) day.10. The __ (beautiful) place is Paris.11. These cakes are the __ (good) in this shop.12. Your car is __ (cheap) than mine.13. Bob is __ (tall) than Nick.14. Sam is the __ (tall) boy in our class.15. Tom is two years __ (young) than Paul.16. This building is the ___ (beautiful).
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VERBI MODALI: CAN MAY WILL SHALL OUGHT TO
I verbi modali in inglese non hanno alcuni modi e tempi (vengono sostituiti da altri verbi) e presentano delle particolari caratteristiche:
- Sono invariabili- Non usano l’ausiliare nelle forme interrogativa, negativa e interrogativo-negativa- I verbi che li seguono sono all’infinito senza il TO (ad eccezione di ought)- Non sono mai seguiti da un complemento oggetto
CAN - COULD (POTERE)Can è usato:
Funzione linguistica Esempio
Per esprimere capacità/abilità nel senso di essere capace di fare qualcosa o sapere come fare qualcosa He can swim but he can't play tennis. = Sa nuotare ma
non sa giocare a tennis
Per esprimere permesso nel senso di dare o ricevere un permesso (Nota che can è di solito meno formale di may)
Can I use your computer? = Posso usare il tuo computer?
Could è usato:Funzione linguistica Esempio
Per esprimere capacità/abilità nel passatoShe could sing when she was young. = Sapeva cantare quando era giovane.
Per esprimere permesso (Nota che couldè più formale rispetto a can)
Could I come to your party? = Potrei venire alla tua festa?
MAY - MIGHT (POTERE)May è usato:
Funzione linguistica Esempio
Per esprimere una eventualitàHer luggage may weigh up to 20 kilos. = Il suo bagaglio può pesare fino a 20 chili.
Per esprimere una probabilità futuraI may go to Paris next week. = E' probabile che la prossima settimana vada a Parigi.
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Per esprimere permesso nel senso di dare o ricevere un permesso (Nota che may è di solito più formale di can) May I smoke here? = Posso fumare qui?
Per esprimere un augurio May you win! = Che tu possa vincere
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Might è usato:Funzione linguistica Esempio
Per esprimere permesso molto formale (come se ci si rivolgesse ad una persona dandole del "lei")
Might I ask you a favour?= Potrei chiederle un favore?
Per esprimere una probabilità (might indica una probabilità più remota di may)
She might have missed the flight.= Potrebbe aver perso il volo.
WILL - WOULD (VOLERE)Will è usato:
Funzione linguistica Esempio
Per esprimere buona volontà, richiesteo inviti
I'll* wait for you. = Ti aspettoWill you come with me? = Vieni/Vuoi venire con me?
Per offrire qualcosa di solito seguito da have + sostantivo
Will you have a cup of coffee? = Prendi/Vuoi una tazza di caffè.
Per esprimere intenzione specialmente alla prima persona
I'll go shopping later on. = Andrò a far la spesa più tardi
Per esprimere previsione
specificaThe match will start soon. = La partita inizierà presto
senza riferimento temporale
Corrosion will ruin the structure of the building = La corrosione rovinerà la struttura dell'edificio
abitualeThe news will be broadcasted every two hours. = Il notiziario verrà trasmesso ogni due ore
*Nota che la forma contratta 'll è molto usata per will. Would è usato:
SHALL - SHOULD - OUGHT TO (DOVERE)
Funzione linguistica EsempioPer esprimere buona volontà, richiesteo inviti (più formale rispetto a will)
Would you please do it for me? = Lo faresti/Vorresti farlo per me?
Per dichiarare probabilitàI've just heard a noise. That would be the cat in the kitchen. = Ho appena sentito un rumore. Sarà il gatto in cucina.
Per indicare disponibilità a fare qualcosa (uso formale nel linguaggio commerciale)
We should be pleased if you would send us your latest catalogue. = Saremmo lieti se voleste inviarci il vostro ultimo catalogo
Per esprimere un'azione abituale nel passato, traducendolo con l'imperfetto indicativo o con ERO SOLITO
When I was young I would play volleyball. = Quando ero giovane giocavo/ero solito giocare a pallavolo
Shall si usa solo nella forma interrogativa per la prima persona singolare e plurale e ha le seguenti funzioni:Funzione linguistica Esempio
Fare proposte o dare suggerimentiShall we go? = Ce ne andiamo? Dobbiamo andarcene?
Offrirsi di fare qualcosaShall I turn off the radio? = Spengo la radio? Vuoi che spenga la radio?
Chiedere un parere o un consiglio in modo formale
Where shall I go? => Dove vado? (Dove devo andare?)
Should e Ought to si usanoFunzione linguistica Esempio
Per dare suggerimenti, consigli eraccomandazioni
She should quit smoking. = Dovrebbe smettere di fumareYou ought to go to the doctor. = Dovresti andare dal dottore
Per fare un rimproveroYou shouldn’t behave like that! = Non dovresti comportarti così
Per fare una supposizioneThe match ought to start in one hour = La partita dovrebbe iniziare tra un’ora
TO HAVE TO e MUST
To have to e must hanno di solito lo stesso significato di dovere. Must sta a indicare
un obbligo urgente o sentito da chi parlaEs: I'm sorry, I must go. = Mi spiace, devo andare.
To have to indica più un obbligo proveniente dall'esternoEs: You have to study harder. = Devi studiare di più.
Must ha soltanto la forma del Simple Present dell'indicativoEs: You must fasten the seat belt. = Devi allacciare la cintura.
To have to si usa per tutti i tempi mancanti di mustEs: Evan had to go there. = Evan è dovuto andarci.You will have to prepare dinner this evening. = Dovrai preparare la cena stasera. She has had to interrupt the meeting. = Ha dovuto interrompere l'incontro.
Must è un verbo modale e quindi segue le regole di costruzione degli altri modali:- è invariabile- non usa gli ausiliari nelle forme interrogativa, negativa e interrogativo-negativa- i verbi che lo seguono sono all’infinito senza il TO- non è mai seguito da un complemento oggettoEs: Must we call the ambulance? = Dobbiamo chiamare l'ambulanza? You mustn't do it. = Non lo devi fare.
To have to è un verbo regolare e pertanto è variabile e necessita degli ausiliari nelle forme interrogativa, negativa e interrogativa-negativa
Es: You don't have to send it. = Non devi spedirlo.Did you have to stay at home? = Sei dovuto rimanere a casa?
Al presente semplice è possibile usare TO HAVE GOT TO al posto di TO HAVE TOquando si vuole dare un taglio più informale alla comunicazioneEs: You've got to see that movie, my friend. = Devi vedere quel film, amico mio.
DON'T HAVE TO e MUSTN'T
Nelle frasi negative i due verbi hanno significati diversi.
Verbi Significato Esempio
don't have to significa che qualcosa non è necessario, ma puoi farlo se lo vuoi - dipende da te.
You don't have to pass the testsignificaIt's OK if you pass the test, but it's also OK if you don't pass it
mustn'tsignifica che qualcosa non viene concessa; è vietata e non dovresti farla nel modo più assoluto.
You mustn't smoke in the classroomsignificaSmoking is not allowed in the classroom
MODAL VERBS: MULTIPLE CHOICEChoose the correct option to fill in the gaps:
1. Paul……………… be at home; he always works until 9 p.m.a) can’t b) mustn’t c) can 2. My sister …………… come back from London tonight, but I’m not sure.a) may b) ought to c) must 3. Carl …………… speak a word of English before travelling to Britain.a) can’t b) wasn’t able to c) wasn’t allowed to4. Mary ………… have forgotten our appointment. Why isn’t she here?a) can b) must c) may5. …………… I use your phone, please?a) Must b) Should c) May6. You ………… have told us about Sue’s divorce. We made such insensitive comments on her husband! a) shouldn’t b) should c) mustn’t7. My son has always been a clever boy; he ……… read when he was three.a) could b) might c) may8. I’m afraid I ……………… go out tonight, I ……… work late.a) can’t/ can b) can’t/ have to c) can’t/ should9. You often have headaches. I think you ………… visit a neurologist.a) may b) can c) should10. There are some black clouds in the sky. It …………… rain this evening.a) must b) may c) ought to11. The children ………… have finished their homework by the time we get home, but I’m not sure.a) aren’t able to b) have to c) might12. Most children ………… wear school uniforms in private schools.a) might b) must c) can13. Why didn’t you phone Paul? He ………… have given a lift to the airport yesterday.a) can b) ought to c) could14. A. “Isn’t that John over there?” B. “It ……… be John, he’s at work now.”a) mustn’t b) can’t c) shouldn’t15. The new student ……… be German, he doesn’t speak German fluently.a) shouldn’t b) mustn’t c) can’t 16. Someone’s knocking at the door. It …………… be James; he said he’ come round today.a) ought to b) must c) can’t
17. You …………… buy a dictionary; there are a lot in class.a) may not b) mustn’t c) needn’t18. People ………… fasten seat belts when travelling by car.a) must b) can c) should19. Dad is taking a nap; you ………… make so much noise, children.a) mustn’t b) might not c) needn’t20. We’ve run out of coffee. We ………… get some tomorrow.a) may b) must c) might21. You ………… better go home now, it’s getting dark.a) would b) should c) had22. You ……………… have eaten the chocolate cake, children! It was for dad’s party.a) can’t b) might not c) mustn’t23. A. “Why is Sue late for work?” B. “Her train …………… have been delayed due to the strike”.a) can’t b) ought to d) might24. You …………… bring anything; we’ve bought everything for dinner.a) have not to b) may not c) don’t need to25. Pam …………… have set the alarm clock since she had the day off.a) mustn’t b) can’t c) needn’t26. Paul asked me to check the exercises. He thought I …………… have made a mistake.a) might b) can c) should27. Mrs Black will get angry. I …………… have written the history essay last weekend.a) must b) should c) may28. I ………… take a bus to school; I go there on foot every day.a) mustn’t b) needn’t c) shouldn’t29. A. “I like the new TV series!” B. “Are you kidding? You …………… like it; it’s the worst programme on TV”.a) needn’t b) mustn’t c) can’t30. Be careful with the knife! It’s very sharp, you ………… cut your finger.a) should b) may c) need to
2. Fill in missing words: A: Waiter! I’d like the…, please.W: Here …., sir.W: Are you ready to …? A: Yes, I am. Can I start with … soup? Then …, please. W: What steak would you like: rare, … or ….? A: Medium, please.W: And would you like … or salad?A: Vegetables, please.W: Would you like any …?A: Yes, …, please……..A: Waiter! Can I have the …, please?W: Here you are.A: Is service ….?W: Yes, it is.A: Can I pay by ….? W: Yes, of course.
3. Arrange the dialogue in logical order:–Here you are. Are you ready to order now?–How do you want the beef? Rare, medium, or well-done?–Sure. Anything to drink?–Yes, we have both. Which one would you like, coffee or tea?–Yes, it is. Thanks a lot.1. Waiter! I'd like the menu, please.–Here you are. How would you like to pay: cash or be credit card?–Waiter, I’d like the bill, please.–Credit card, please. Is service included?–Iced tea, please. And not too icy, please.–Do you have coffee or tea? I'd like decaf.–Well-done. And not too salty, please.–Yes. I'll have some salad, roast beef, and mashed potatoes.
4. Get ready to make an order:W: Are you ready to order?C: …………………………W: What would you like to start with?C: …………………………W: Would you like to try our special course?C: ………………………….W: Would you like vegetables or salad?C: ………………………… W: Anything to drink?C: ………………………….W: What size would you like: small, medium or large?C: …………………………..W: How would you like to pay: cash or by credit card?C: ………………….W: Thank you.
Table manners. How not to behave badly abroad
You are to know some table manners while going abroad. Here are they:
–You should sit up straight.
–You shouldn't eat with your fingers.
–You shouldn't put your elbows on the table.
–You should put your dirty knife, spoon and fork on your plate.
–You shouldn't talk with your mouth full.
–You shouldn't lick your fingers.
–You shouldn’t take bread with the fork.
–You shouldn’t take salt, pepper with your fingers.
–You should say "Thank you" after the meal.
AT THE RESTAURANT1. Are you ready to order? A: Waiter! I’d like the menu, please.W: Here you are, sir.W: Are you ready to order? A: Yes, I am. Can I start with tomato soup? Then the salmon and steak, please. W: What steak would you like: rare, medium orwell - done? A: Medium, please.W: And would you like vegetables or salad?A: Vegetables, please.W: Would you like any wine?A: Yes, white, please……..A: Waiter! Can I have the bill, please?W: Here you are.A: Is service included?W: Yes, it is.A: Can I pay by credit card? W: Yes, of course.
Vegetables Dairy Meat Grain Fruit
2. Fill in missing words: A: Waiter! I’d like the…, please.W: Here …., sir.W: Are you ready to …? A: Yes, I am. Can I start with … soup? Then …, please. W: What steak would you like: rare, … or ….? A: Medium, please.W: And would you like … or salad?A: Vegetables, please.W: Would you like any …?A: Yes, …, please……..A: Waiter! Can I have the …, please?W: Here you are.A: Is service ….?W: Yes, it is.A: Can I pay by ….? W: Yes, of course.
3. Arrange the dialogue in logical order:–Here you are. Are you ready to order now?–How do you want the beef? Rare, medium, or well-done?–Sure. Anything to drink?–Yes, we have both. Which one would you like, coffee or tea?–Yes, it is. Thanks a lot.1. Waiter! I'd like the menu, please.–Here you are. How would you like to pay: cash or be credit card?–Waiter, I’d like the bill, please.–Credit card, please. Is service included?–Iced tea, please. And not too icy, please.–Do you have coffee or tea? I'd like decaf.–Well-done. And not too salty, please.–Yes. I'll have some salad, roast beef, and mashed potatoes.
4. Get ready to make an order:W: Are you ready to order?C: …………………………W: What would you like to start with?C: …………………………W: Would you like to try our special course?C: ………………………….W: Would you like vegetables or salad?C: ………………………… W: Anything to drink?C: ………………………….W: What size would you like: small, medium or large?C: …………………………..W: How would you like to pay: cash or by credit card?C: ………………….W: Thank you.
Useful words and phrases:WaiterI’d like the menu, please.Here you are.Are you ready to order?I’ll start with….What would you recommend?Would you like….I’d like decaf.Rare/medium/well – doneCan I have the bill, please?How would you like to pay: cash or by credit card?Is service included?
Table manners. How not to behave badly abroad You are to know some table manners while going abroad. Here are they:–You should sit up straight.–You shouldn't eat with your fingers.–You shouldn't put your elbows on the table.–You should put your dirty knife, spoon and fork on your plate.–You shouldn't talk with your mouth full.–You shouldn't lick your fingers.–You shouldn’t take bread with the fork.–You shouldn’t take salt, pepper with your fingers.–You should say "Thank you" after the meal.
INDIVIDUALLY1.Place the correct food items listed in the blue box, in the corres-ponding food group.
2. See how many of the food items from the blue box you can find
WITH A PARTNER3.Correct each other. Have you placed the food items in the correct food category?
4.Who can name the most food items in the picture not already mentioned in the blue box?
5.Can you make up more specific
Choose whether you do the individual work, the pair work or both.
Pumpkin Soup
First, dice the pumpkin and chop the onions. Then, put 30 grams of butter into a sauce pan and heat it on medium heat. Next, add the onions and fry them until they are ok. After that, add the pumpkin and mix them well. Then, add the water until it’s all covered. Next put the vegetable cube to the sauce pan and let it boil. After that, simmer until the pumpkin goes soft. Once it’s simmer take the mixture and blend it well. Finally, put it back and heat it. The pumpkin soup is ready, serve it will bread rolls.
bread, yoghurt, French fries, melon, hamburger, banana, beans, bacon, cheese, apple, chips, oatmeal, ham, pepper, loaf, milkshake, sausage, pot roast, carrot, spaghetti, tomato,
Danish, popcorn, doughnut, chicken wings, bagel, sour cream, zucchini, butter
First, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ingredients:
Instructions:
Instructions:
2 kg ___________________________.
_______________________________.
500 ml _________________________.
1 vegetable cube.
30g ___________________________.
To serve: 2 bread rolls.
FUTURO con WILL
In inglese ci sono molti modi per esprimere il tempo futuro. Uno dei più comuni è usare will (e talvolta shall: nelle forme interrogative con i pronomi I e WE) formando in tal modo il Simple Future.Nota anche che will viene spesso abbreviato in 'll.In italiano è possibile tradurlo con il futuro semplice o con il presente semplice indicativo.
Nelle tabelle seguenti sono indicate le costruzioni delle frasi affermative, negative, interrogative e interrogative-negative del verbo work
FORMA AFFERMATIVA
La forma affermativa si costruisce ponendo l'ausiliare WILL (SHALL) tra il soggetto e laforma base del verbo.
Soggetto will/shallForma Base del
Verbo Esempio con forma contratta
I will/shall* work I'll work hardYou will work You'll work hardHe will work He'll work hardShe will work She'll work hardIt will work It'll work
We will/shall* work We'll work hardYou will work You'll work hardThey will work They'll work hard
*Shall si usa solo con la 1° persona singolare (I) e plurale (We), ma nell'inglese moderno il suo uso è confinato soltanto nelle frasi interrogative dove shall assume il significato di dovere o viene usato per fare proposteEs: Shall I turn off the light? = Devo spegnere le luci?Shall we go? = Andiamo?
FORMA INTERROGATIVA
La forma interrogativa si costruisce anteponendo l'ausiliare WILL (SHALL) al soggetto più la forma base del verbo.
Will/Shall SoggettoForma Base del
Verbo Esempio
Will/Shall I work Shall I work hard?Will you work Will you work hard?Will he work Will he work hard?Will she work Will she work hard?Will it work Will it work?
Will/Shall we work Shall we work hard?Will you work Will you work hard?Will they work Will they work hard?
FORMA NEGATIVA
La forma negativa si ottiene aggiungendo not all'ausiliare WILL cui segue la forma base del verbo.Nel linguaggio informale si usa soprattutto la forma contratta WON'T (WILL + NOT)
Soggetto will not / won'tForma Base del
Verbo Esempio
I won't (will not) work I won't work hardYou won't (will not) work You won't work hardHe won't (will not) work He won't work hardShe won't (will not) work She won't work hardIt won't (will not) work It won't work
We won't (will not) work We won't work hardYou won't (will not) work You won't work hardThey won't (will not) work They won't work hard
FORMA INTERROGATIVA-NEGATIVA
La forma interrogativa-negativa del Simple Future si ottiene con l'ausiliare WON'T davanti al soggetto, cui segue poi la forma base del verbo.
Won't SoggettoForma Base del
Verbo Esempio
Won't I work Won't I work hard tonight?Won't you work Won't you work hard tonight?Won't he work Won't he work hard tonight?Won't she work Won't she work hard tonight?Won't it work Won't it work?Won't we work Won't we work hard tonight?Won't you work Won't you work hard tonight?Won't they work Won't they work hard tonight?
Il future con will si usa per:
Situazione Esempio
Fare una promessaI'll call you as soon as I get to the airport. = Ti chiamo non appena arrivo in aeroporto.
Offrirsi spontaneamente di fare qualcosa The telephone is ringing: I'll answer!= Sta squillando il telefono: rispondo io!
Decidere al momento di fare qualcosa, senza averla programmata precedentemente
I've made up my mind. I'll go to Stockholm for my vacation. = Ho deciso. Andrò a Stoccolma per le vacanze.
Fare previsioniOne day the world will live as one. = Un giorno il mondo vivrà unito.
Indicare qualcosa che certamente avverrà a prescindere dalla nostra volontà Tomorrow I’ll be 17. = Domani compio 17 anni.
Con verbi come believe, be sure, suppose, think
It's too late. I think he'll miss the train. = E' troppo tardi. Penso che perderà il treno
FUTURO con TO BE GOING TO
In inglese ci sono molti modi per esprimere il tempo futuro. Un altro dei modi più comuni è il Futuro Intenzionale che si crea con la costruzione to be going to.
Per creare una forma verbale con to be going to, è necessario mettere il Simple Presentdel verbo to be nella voce corretta e poi aggiungere going to + la forma base del verbo.
Nota anche che be viene spesso abbreviato. Gli esempi che seguono elencano le forme principali del verbo to leave
Forma affermativa: I am going to leave Forma negative: I am not going to leave Forma interrogative: Am I going to leave?
To be going to si usa di solito con il significato di STARE PER o AVERE INTENZIONE DIoppure quando qualcosa è stata già programmata o definita.
Nota che si tende ad omettere il verbo to go (andare) nella costruzione del futuro intenzionale.Es: He is going to go to the cinema this evening diventa He is going to the cinema this evening
Situazione Esempio
Azione già programmata o definita
I'm going to leave tomorrow at 6.30.= Partirò domani alle6.30. (La partenza è stata già programmata e organizzata)
Con il significato di AVERE INTENZIONE DI
I'm going to make the supper this evening. = Ho intenzione di preparare la cena stasera.
Con il significato di STARE PER
Look at those clouds! It's going to rain! = Guarda quelle nuvole! Sta per piovere!
Altri modi per esprimere il tempo futuro sono il:
Present Progressive Azioni già programmate nel futuro
Angelo: Do you want to go to the movies tonight? = Vuoi andare al cinema stasera?Sarah: Sorry, I can't. I'm playing basketball. = Mi spiace, non posso. Gioco a pallacanestro.
Simple Present
Azioni future riferite a mezzi di trasporto o a eventi con orari prestabiliti.
Angelo: What time does the next bus leave? = A che ora parte il prossimo autobus?Sarah: It leaves at six. = Parte alle 6.
Fill in the blanks with the verbs in brackets. 1.-Have you got any plans for the weekend? Yes, I …………………. (visit) some friends in London.2.-I know that Elisa …………… (have) a baby in two months.3.-Please, wait for me. I……………. (be) ready in a few minutes.4.-My MP5 player has just stopped working. “Don’t worry, I …………. (fix) it”5.-My friend didn’t revise for the exam so he …………… (fail) it.6.-We haven’t decided what we …………. (do) next Saturday but I know we………………. (not stay) at home.7.- Jennifer has phoned she said that she ………………….. (come) for lunch.8.-I think somebody has knocked on the door. I ………………. (open) it for you.9.-…………… your mother ……………. (cook) that delicious cake for the birthday party?10.-David, you have forgotten to tidy the room and you promised you ……………(do) it. 11. –Do you think it ……………… (be) sunny tomorrow? The weather forecast isn’t always true.
12.-That leather jacket is quite expensive but I …………………. (buy) anyway.13.-What present …………you ………. (give) your boyfriend for his birthday? Well, I don’t know yet.14.-Next Tuesday they ………………… (perform) at the theatre in Gijón. Maybe I …………….. (go)15.-My cousins …………………. (come) back from USA next Thursday morning.16.-No, I …………….. (not sell) my car until I save some money to buy another one.17.-Shall we go to the pub this evening? I’m sorry but I ……….. (finish) my new project. 18.-Alexander is a good student. Probably he ……………….. (become) a good lawyer.19.- My sister-in-law ………….(not study) Chinese because she hates languages.
Put the verb into the correct form, using will or going to.
1. A: I've got a terrible headache.B: Do you? Wait here and I………………………………..(get) you some aspirin.
2. A: Why are you filling that bucket with water?B: I ………………........................ ( wash) the car.
3. A: I've decided to repaint this room.B: Oh, you have? What color……………………………………….(you/paint) it?
4. A: Look! There's smoke coming out of that house. It's on fire!B: Oh no! 1…………………………………..(call) the fire department right away.
5. A: The ceiling in this room doesn't look very safe, does it?B: No, it looks as if it …………………………………………………..(fall) down.
6. A: Where are you going? Are you going shopping?B: Yes, I ……………………………………………….(buy) something for dinner.
7. A: I can't figure out how to use this camera.B: It's easy. I……………………………………...(show) you.
8. A: What would you like to have - coffee or tea?B: 1……………………………………………………………(have) coffee, please.
9. A: Has George decided what to do when he finishes school?B: Oh yes. Everything is settled. He …………………………….(take) a vacation for a few weeks, and then
he………………...............(start) a computer programming course.10. A: Did you mail that letter for me?
B: Oh, I'm sorry. I completely forgot. 1…………………………………...(do) it now.
11. A: What shall we have for dinner?B: I don't know. I can't make up my mind. A: Come on, hurry up! Make a decision!B: Okay. We……………………………………………………………(have) chicken.
12. Jack: We need some bread for lunch.Ben: Oh, we do?I………………………..(go) to the store and get some.I feel like taking a walk.Before he goes out, Ben talks to Jane:Ben: I…………………(get) some bread. Do you want anything from the store? Jane: Yes, I need some envelopes.Ben: Okay, I…………………………………….(get) you some.
13. John has to go to the airport to catch a plane. He doesn't have a car:John: Toshi, can you take me to the airport tonight?Toshi: Of course I………………………….…(take) you. I'd be happy to.Later that day Eric offers to take John to the airport.Eric: John, do you want me to take you to the airport?John: No thanks, Eric. Toshi …………………………………………….(take) me.
Reading: The world in 2050Read the texts and do the exercises
Samuel, 27I think a lot of things will change in 2050. India will overtake China as the first largest economy in the world, but the country will have many problems with its demographics. The world will also have a lot of problems with the pollution and the climate changing. We will need to find other resources, because there will be more than nine billion people on Earth in 2050. We will also need to build spaceships to travel to the Moon and to Mars,
because we will have to take resources from these places.
Lea, 25Our world won’t be the same in 2050. We will improve our technology and everybody will be able to speak at least five languages. People will live longer and we won’t have health problems, because we will improve our knowledge on medicine. We will also live in peace and the different countries won’t have nuclear weapons anymore. We will also have a single world government as we already have the IMF (International Monetary Fund). I think 2050 will be a great year for mankind!
Steven, 29I hope that the world countries will be able to overcome the different issues in 2050. We will live in peace and won’t have any wars anymore. We will be able to explore the space and to find other habitable planets. We will perhaps find other intelligent Beings on other planets in 2050.
Reading: The world in 2050
What will the world look like in 2050? What do they think? Fill in the table!
People Information
Your turn! What do you think? What will the world look like in 2050? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
GERUNDIO e PARTICIPIO PRESENTE
Il Gerundio e il Participio Presente si formano aggiungendo ING ai verbi (per questo viene chiamata -ING Form o Forma in -ING):
read + ing = reading
Ci sono poche regole per formare il Gerundio e il Participio Presente correttamente:
1. Se c'è una vocale e una consonante, e la sillaba è accentata, raddoppiare la consonante e aggiungere ING:
hit + t + ing = hitting
2. Se ci sono una o più consonanti e la E, rimuovere la E e aggiungere:
take + ing = taking
3. Se c'è una vocale e la L raddoppiano la L:
travel + l + ing = travelling
4. Nella maggior parte degli altri casi, aggiungere solo ING:
study + ing = studying
5. Alcuni verbi irregolari sono:
die + ing = dying
USO DEL GERUNDIO E DEL PARTICIPIO PRESENTE
La Forma in ING dei verbi, che traduce il Gerundio e il Participio Presente in Italiano, serve per costruire la Forma Progressiva dei verbi insieme al verbo essere
Es: I am going to the office now = Ora vado (sto andando) in ufficio
La Forma in ING dei verbi viene usata negli avvisi pubblici per vietare, proibire: Es: No Smoking = Vietato Fumare
Il Gerundio viene usato anche come sostantivo, e viene tradotto in italiano con l'infinito se questo può essere preceduto dall'articolo
Es: Reading is good for your brain = (il) Leggere/La Lettura fa bene al cervello Not drinking 2 litres of water every day is not good for your health = (il) Non bere due litri di acqua al giorno non fa bene alla salute.
GERUNDIO e INFINITO
Il Gerundio si forma aggiungendo ING alla forma base del verbo:
walking, talking, thinking, listening
FORMA DELL'INFINITO
L' Infinito si forma con TO prima della forma base del verbo:
to walk, to talk, to think, to listen
VERBI SEGUITI DA GERUNDIO E INFINITO
I seguenti verbi sono seguiti dal Gerundio:
enjoy - dislike - finish - quit - mind - postponed - put off - keep on - consider - discuss
Es: Sally finished working late yesterday. = Sally ha finito di lavorare tardi ieri. They keep on doing the same thing. = Continuano a fare la stessa cosa..
I seguenti verbi possono essere seguiti sia dal Gerundio, quando esprimono un'azione abituale, che dall'Infinito, quando esprimono un'azione occasionalehate - like - love - prefer - start - stop
Es: I like dancing = Mi piace ballare (lo faccio abitualmente)I like to dance when I go to the parties = Mi piace ballare quando vado alle feste (lo faccio solo in occasione delle feste)
Specchietto in lingua riassuntivo:
COMPLETE WITH A GERUND OR AN INFINITIVE1.- She agreed ………………….. (pay) the electricity bill the following week.2.-Hector dislikes ……………… (go) to the opera.3.-Martin admitted ………………. (steal) the money from the safe.4.-Elizabeth didn’t need ………….. (do) the final exams.5.-I regretted ……………… (forget) to call my grandfather for his birthday.
Verbs which are usually followed by a Gerund:
acknowledge, admit, adore, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, celebrate, confess, contemplate, delay, deny, describe, detest, discuss, dislike, dread, endure, enjoy, fancy, finish, imagine, involve, keep, justify, mention, mind, miss, omit, postpone, practise, quit, recall, recommend, regret, report, resume, risk, suggest, tolerate, understand.
Verbs which are usually followed by an infinitive:
afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, care, choose, claim, come, consent, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, elect, expect, fail, get, hate, help, hesitate, hope, hurry, intend, learn, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, say, seem, tend, threaten, want, wish.
6.-Your aunt wished …………. (visit) Australia in Summer.7.-Please, avoid ………………… (touch) the wires with wet hands.8.-Your friend seems ……………. (be) very busy today.9.-We suggested ………………… (sell) our apartment at the seaside.10.-She postponed ………………… (make) a decision for the new shop.11.-Excuse me, do you mind ………… (clean) the table, please!12.-It was difficult to climb up the mountain but we kept ……….(go) 13.-I’m amazed because you didn’t hesitate ………… (accept) that job.14.-The policeman pretended …………. (keep) my identity card.15.- Robert denied …………… (kidnap) the child.16.- The car is too expensive so I can’t afford ………….. (buy) it.17.-Sonia didn’t tolerate …………………. (share) the bedroom with John.18.-The couple chose ………….(spend) their honeymoon in Canada.19.-You hate …………… (wait) for your girlfriend.20.-Barbara celebrated ……………….. (win) the TV contest.21.- George’s father learnt ……………… (play) the guitar in five years.22.-Miriam omitted ……………..(invite) her old university colleagues.23.-My aunt claimed …………… (be) the owner of the red suitcase.24.-Tina pretended …………….. (borrow) my computer.25.-All my friends wanted ………….. (go) to the zoo in the afternoon.26.- The French tourist asked me how ……….. (get) to the post office.27.-My neighbour enjoys ……….. (collect) stamps and coins.28.- It was late so we hurried ……………. (catch) the last bus.29.-Does she know what ………… (do) in case of a fire?30.-I’d like ………………. (fly) to the Moon soon.
"Used To" or "Would"?
We use "used to" to talk about past habitual actions and states:
I used to live in this area when I was a child.They used to dance at that ballroom every Sunday afternoon.
We use "would", however, to talk only about past habitual actions.
It's not possible to talk about past states:
I would live in this area when I was a child.They would dance at that ballroom every Sunday afternoon.
For each of the following sentences, choose either "used to" or "would".
If both are possible, use "would".
Do you remember how your Uncle David __________ sit in that chair and smoke those disgusting
cigars.
Your mother __________ have a Yorkshire Terrier when she was a young girl, didn't she?
For years, they __________ go on holiday to the Rockies, but then it became very fashionable and,
hence, expensive.
Years ago, I __________ write a diary every day but then I got bored with doing it and I stopped. Maybe
it was my life that was boring!
At the start of their marriage, they __________ be very happy - but then it all went wrong!
You __________ spell so well. Whatever happened?
When I was five, I __________ be able to do incredible gymnastics. Now I can't even touch my toes.
Before getting my driving licence, I __________ ride a bicycle everywhere.
Tea is the Most Popular Drink in Britain
Everyone knows that tea is the most popular drink in Britain. It's even more popular than coffee, which is favoured throughout Europe and America. The Dutch brought the first tea to Europe in 1610. But it was not until 1658 that the first advertisement for tea appeared in a London newspaper. At that time a pound of the cheapest tea cost about one-third of a skilled worker's weekly wages. Tea was guarded by the lady of the house and kept in special containers, often with a lock and carefully doled out by the teaspoon. By 1750 tea had become the principal drink of all the classes in Britain. Later, tea-drinking developed into a fashionable social ritual. Tea parties were popular at home and soon the ritual of "afternoon tea" was firmly established. Nowadays, throughout the homes, tea shops and hotels of Britain, the custom of tea-time continues. Tea in Britain is brewed in a teapot. Then the one spoonful of tea per person and one for the pot is added. Most people in Britain prefer a rich, strong cup of tea with milk, and sugar is sometimes added to taste.
Questions:1. What is the most popular drink in Britain?
2. When did the Dutch bring first tea to Europe? 3. When did tea become the principal drink in Britain? 4. What is the way to brew tea in Britain? 5. And what drink do you like?
Tea idioms
It’s not my cup of tea. In English, if there’s something we don’t like very much for example a sport or a type of music, we can say ‘it's not my cup of tea’. Please turn that down. Jazz really isn’t my cup of tea.I wouldn’t do it for all the tea in China. In English, if there is something we would never do, we can say ‘I wouldn’t do it for all the tea in China’. Well, I wouldn’t do that for all the tea in China!It’s as good as a chocolate teapot. In English, if something is completely useless, we can say ‘it’s as good as a chocolate teapot’. What’s that you say? You say these lessons are as good as a chocolate teapot
Tea making equipment
Mug
Loose leaves Tea bag
fine bone china teacup china mug
tea strainer traditional tea set
tea pot
Eating healthy foods may lower depression risk By Agata Blaszczak Boxe Published September 21, 2015
Following a diet rich in produce and low in processed meats even if you don't do it perfectly may be helpful in preventing depression, according to a large new study.To lower the risk of depression, "People can eat everything, but everything in moderation," as long as they try to eat lots of vegetables, fruits, nuts and fish, and avoid fast food and processed meats, said study author Almudena Sanchez-Villegas of the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.At the start of the study, researchers asked 15,000 Spanish university graduates who had never had depression what they normally ate. Then they asked them again, 10 years later.The researchers looked at how closely the participants' everyday diets adhered to three healthy diet
patterns that involved consuming high amounts of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts and fish, and avoiding processed meats. These principles are part of the Mediterranean diet and other healthy diets.After 8.5 years, 1,550 people in the study reported being diagnosed with depression or using antidepressant drugs.The researchers found that the people in the study who stuck to the healthy patterns to a moderate or a high extent had a lower risk of depression than those who did not follow these diets at all, or who adhered to them to a low degree.For example, the risk of depression over the study period for the people who moderately adhered to the Mediterranean diet was about 25 to 30 percent lower than for those who did not adhere to the diet at all, or who adhered to it only to a very small extent, the researchers found. [7 Ways to Recognize Depression in 20-Somethings]"Even a moderate adherence to these healthy dietary patterns was associated with an important reduction in the risk of developing depression," Sanchez-Villegas told Live Science.Moreover, the researchers saw no extra benefit for depression risk when participants followed the diets very closely, compared with moderate adherence, she said.The researchers don't know for sure what may explain the link between these dietary patterns and people's risk of depression. However, one potential mechanism is that people who follow these patterns may have a lower risk of depression because they get adequate levels of some micronutrients, such as B vitamins, folate or zinc all of which are essential to brain health, Sanchez-Villegas said.Conversely, the people who don’t follow these patterns may have a higher risk of depression because of their nutrient deficits, she said.Sanchez-Villegas' previous research, published in 2006 and 2009, also showed a link between following a Mediterranean diet and a lower risk of depression.The new study was published Sept. 16 in the journal BMC Medicine
According to the previous text, answer the following comprehension questions/statements:1. The statement "People can eat everything, but everything in moderation," can be interpreted in the next way:a) Individuals cannot eat everything they want. They have to eat all in moderated portions.b) You can eat all you want but in reasonable portions.c) You can have a balance between eating all you desire and moderating the junk food you eat.2. Which of the following foods do not take part of the principles of Mediterranean and other healthy diets?a) Processed meatsb) Nuts and fishc) Vegetables and legumes3. We can interpret the statement "Even a moderate adherence to these healthy dietary patterns was associated with an important reduction in the risk of developing depression," by Mr. Sanchez-Villegas in the following manner:a) If you follow the healthy dietary habit patterns in a reasonable way, the possibility of depression may be reduced.b) Adhering to healthy dietary habits cannot reduce depression at all.c) Depression is associated with unhealthy dietary habits.
4. At the very beginning of the study, researchers interviewed university graduates. How long did it take for them to be part of the study once again?a) A decade-long.b) A period of 8.5 years.c) It is not mentioned. 5. Who’s the author of this news article?a) Agata Blaszczak Boxeb) A person who works for LiveScience
c) Almudena Sanchez-Villegas
According to the statements given, complete the chart with the appropriate numbers from the text.Example: The date when this newspaper article was published
21st/09/2015
I. The amount of graduate students that took part of the research study.II. The years when other people were diagnosed with depression. III. The low percentages of those who adhered to the Mediterranean diet.IV. The years when Mr. Sanchez-Villegas published his early work.V. The date when a new study was published on the journal.
IDIOM MEANING/SENTENCE
a matter of opinion It's a matter of opinion whether eating fried tarantulas is a gourmet treat.
a piece of cake That test was a snap- it was a piece of cake.a rip off You spent $500 for a watermelon! What a rip off!a pain in the neck A pest. His little brother is a real pain in the neck.be in hot water Be in trouble. If you tell you boss off, you'll really be in hot
water.in the same boat We're in the same situation. We're all in the same boat- so be
cool.on the same wave length We have the same ideas and opinions. We're on the same wave
length.be on the ball Very sharp. Very smart. He's really on the ball.it's only a matter of time Very soon. It's only a matter of time until his boss realizes that
he is the one stealing money from the till.be that as it may As things stand. Be that as it may, I think you should re-
consider your decision to move to Antarctica.up in arms Really angry. His father was up in arms when he learned that
he had crashed his new car.up in the air Not sure. Plans are up in the air- we haven't decided what to do
yet.bend over backwards Go out of your way. She really bent over backwards to make
my stay enjoyable.Big deal! Sarcastic. Losing an old sock is not a big deal.cost an arm and a leg Very expensive. His new Ferrari cost an arm and a leg.cross your fingers For good luck. Cross your fingers that I pass the English exam
with flying colors.draw a blank Can't remember. I drew a blank when I tried to remember his
brother's name.Easier said than done. More difficult than it seems.Am fed up with Sick and tired of something. I'm fed up with whining friends
who have everything!from scratch Make from basic ingredients. Her carrot cake was made from
scratch.for the time being For now. Let's take a break from studying for the time being.get cold feet Chicken out. John wanted to ask Maria out but he got cold feet
and chickened out.get out of the wrong side of the bed
In a bad mood. He must have gotten up out of the wrong side of the bed today.
get the picture Understand. Do you get the picture?get your act together Get organized/stop wasting time. You better get your act
together or you're going to fail all your classes.give it a shot Try. Why not try bungee jumping. Give it a shot.give him a piece of your mind
Get angry and tell someone off. If I were you I would give him a piece of your mind.
give him the cold shoulder Ignore someone. Brett walked right post me without saying a
word. He gave me the cold shoulder.go all out Do your utmost for someone or something. His parents went all
out for his graduation party.go downhill Get worse. After he got divorced, everything went downhill.go up in smoke Evaporate/disappear. His dreams of being a professional
athlete went up in smoke when he broke his leg.have a chip on your shoulder
Think you are great. He has such a chip on his shoulder that he hardly ever relates to anyone.
had it up to here Can't take any more. I've had it up to here with noise students!mixed feelings Positive and negative feelings together. I have very mixed
feelings about her marrying a fisherman.second thoughts Thinking again about a decision. I'm having second thoughts
about trekking in Greenland this summer.throw a fit Get really angry. His mother threw a fit when she heard that he
lost her i-Phone.I’m all ears. To listen intently. Tell me about your wedding plans- I'm all
ears.in the bag Certain. His new job is in the bag. He signed the contract.in the middle of nowhere Way out in the country. Their ski chalet is in the middle of
nowhere.Just my luck! Bad luck. Just my luck to lose the winning lottery ticket.keep an eye on Watch carefully. Will you keep an eye on my nephew while I
walk the dog?bear in mind Keep it in mind. Bear in mind, learning a new language isn't as
easy as it seems.learn by heart Memorize. You have to learn irregular verbs by heart.let the cat out of the bag Spill the beans. Tell a secret. Don't let the cat out of the bag.
Keep his surprise birthday party a secret.make my day Make my day great. The guy I have a crush on finally called me.
He made my day.miss the point Don't understand the basic meaning. You are missing the point
entirely- we aren't being negative about your best friend.no way Impossible. You got all A's on your exams and you never
studied. No way!don't have a clue Have no idea. I don't have ea clue what the professor was
talking about.
I manuali usati per la stesura della dispensa sono:P. Giampieri, The way I like it,vol.1R.Nardella, Grammatica Inglese.Sito online: https://en.islcollective.com/