videotape component rgb--true component 1.5 times bandwidth of y/cr/cb y/cr/cb luminance and 2 color...
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Videotape Component
RGB--true component 1.5 times bandwidth of Y/Cr/Cb
Y/Cr/Cb Luminance and 2 color difference signals
S-Video (Y/C) Chroma more limited in bandwidth
Composite NTSC, encoded
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Time Code Time of Day/free run
Referenced to clock Dedicated/record run
Zero start
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Time Code
Good at high speedHigh speed errors
Can post stripeCannot post stripe
Poor at slow,stillSlow,still accurate
Audio signalPart of video
LTC-longitudinalVITC-vertical interval
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Time Code Non drop frame
30 fps Not accurate length (.03 fps error) 1 hour= +108 frames or 3.6 seconds
Drop frame 29.97 Accurate length Drops 00,01 at each new minute except
at multiples of 10
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Digital Un-Compressed D-1--component, 3/4
4 audio tracks Longitudinal SMPTE, CT, Audio cue
D-2 Composite, 3/4 Input/output composite
D-3 -Composite, 1/2 Smaller, cheaper, lighter
D-4--not exist 4 taboo in Japanese, sounds like “death”
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Digital Un-Compressed D-5--component, 1/2”
Smaller than D-1, but high quality D-5 HD
4:1 compression used to deal with 1.2 Gbps
D-6, HDTV component
D-7, to be DVC PRO
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Digital Un-Compressed D-9, to be Digital S Sony HDD-1000
1.2 Gbps 1” open reel $350,000 $1300 for 63 min tape)
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Digital Compressed Ampex DCT
4:2:2 2-1,
Digital Betacam 4:2:2 2.3-1, 4 ch 20 bit cue+ tc
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Digital Compressed Digital S
4:2:2 3.3-1 4 ch 16 bit
DVC Pro 50 4:2:2 3.3-1, 4 digital + cue
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Digital Compressed Betacam SX
4:2:2 10-1 MPEG-2 4 ch 16 bit
DV, DVC Pro 4:1:1 5-1, 2 ch 16 bit or 4 12 bit pcm
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Analog Tape Formats 1” type C (1978)
Reel to reel 3 audio, 50-15000 hz 11-13 generations Loud, big, bulky Still frame, slo and fast motion, picture in
shuttle composite
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Analog Tape Formats Betacam (1982) 1/2” from Sony
Component Longitudinal and Hi-Fi audio
Betacam SP (1987) Metal tape (higher bandwidth
Both great for acquisition Quality, size
not great for editing durability
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Analog Tape Formats M and M-II (1986)
1/2” from Panasonic Good quality video and audio Component Equivalent to Betacam More dropout
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Analog Tape Formats 3/4” (Sony 1972)
2 longitudinal audio channels Low quality Poor generation loss Was workhorse of news and production composite
S-VHS, Ed-Beta, Hi8 S-video Separate chroma and luminance Low cost , good quality Not durable, serious generation loss
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Analog Tape Formats VHS
Home format Ubiquitous Low (but acceptable) quality Poor generation loss cheap
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DVCAM Metal Evaporated Tape
DVCAM thicker than Mini-DV Maximum record time 184 mins Sampling (4:1:1)
Luminance-13.5 MHz Color Difference 3.375 MHz
Quantization 8 bits
Compression Ratio 5:1
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DVCAM Intra Frame Coding
Shuffling to average detail across the image Improves compression efficiency
Adaptive Interfield Compressionif fields similar, compressed as same
Each Video Frame is written to 10 tracks 480 usable scan lines
480/10 = 48 lines per track
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DVCAM D-5 (10-bit uncompressed digital) 10 D-1 (8-bit uncompressed digital) 9.9 Digital Betacam, Ampex DCT 9.7 D-9 (Digital-S), DVCPRO50 9.6 DV, DVCAM, DVCPRO (D-7), Digital8 9 MII, Betacam SP 8.9 1" Type C 8.7 3/4" SP 6.5 3/4", Hi8, SVHS 5.5 Video 8, Betamax 4 VHS 3.5
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DVCAM Audio
2 channel audio 48 kHz
-4 channel audio32kHz
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DVCAM/DV 1. Enhanced picture quality due to lower
dropout rate. 2. Better durability because of the superior
DLC (Diamond-Like Carbon) coating. 3. Improved physical stability for better
tracking. 4. Tighter width specifications for excellent
recorder compatibility. 5. Tracks .015 vs .010 6. Superior stability of picture and sound.