video space and effects

8/8/2019 Video Space and Effects

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By

Jean-Regis Nduwimana

09-0565



INTRODUCTION

` What we see as moving images is a

continuous stream of rapid succession

of still images



A digital video sequence consist of a number of frames,

each of which is a single image produced by digitizing

the time varying signal generated by the sensors in a

video camera.



Special effects

The illusions used in the film,television, theater or entertainment

industries to stimulate the imagined

events in a story are traditionally calledspecial effects.

With the emergency of digital - film -

making tools a greater distinction between special effects and visual

effects has been recognized.



Visual effects

Mechanicaleffects (also called

physical effects) are

usually

accomplished

during live-action

shooting which

includes props,natural sounds ,a

scenery, models or

realia and so on.



O ptical effects (also called photographic

effects) are techniques in which images or film frames are created photographically

either ³in-camera´by varying the focal point.

ie focusing on the subject to create blurred

background.



Computer Generated Imagery (CGI)

Since 1990s, computer generated imagery (CGI) has

come to the forefront of special effects technologies.

CGI gives film makers greater control and allows

many effects to be accomplished more safely and

convincingly.The combination of computer technology with motion

picture technology has given film makers the ability

to create increasingly elaborate special effects.

Animation and graphics can be created entirely bycomputer. The computer generated images can then

be combined with live-action footage through a

process of editing.



Computer Generated illussion using after effects

software



Digital video EffectsDigital effects are synthetic sounds and

animations created in the digital domain for

examples Reverberation morphing and

transitions between video frames.

Digital video effects are visual effects createdin the computer that provide interesting

transitions from one scene to another rather than

just switching effects between frames. They

include fading or dissolving the frame, wiping

one frame over another and flipping the frame.



A video effect determines how a video

clip, picture or title looks in the final

movie. For example one may desire to

create a video that has a classic old-time

movie look. A video effect is applied for

a duration of video clip, picture or title.

With movie maker one can add any of the

video effects that appear in the video

effects folder in the collections pane.



Following is the procedure of adding

video effects to video clips, Pictures or

titles.1.On the storyboard or timeline, select

the video clip. Picture or title where the

desired video effect is to be added to.2.On the tools menu, click video Effects

or in the movie tasks plane under Edit

move, click view video effects.



3.Double-click the video effects to preview

them as they appear in the preview window

4.Drag the desired effect onto the selected

video clip in the storyboard or time line.

5.Place it on the top of the star appearing in the

lower left-hand corner of the clip. A effect can

also be added by clicking on the effect, thengoing to the clip menu and clicking add to time

line or Add to storyboard

DEMO



Sound EffectsSound effects or audio effects are artificially

created or enhanced sounds or sound processesused to emphasize artistic or other content of

films, television shows, live performance,

animation, video games, music or other media.

In motion picture and television, the sound

effects used include:

Hard sound effects: such as door slams,

weapons firing and car driving by..

sfx



Back ground sound effects: These are sounds

that do not explicitly synchronize with the picture but indicates setting to the audience.

Such sounds are; forest sounds, the buzzing of

fluorescent lights car interiors and peopletalking in the background.

Foley sound effects are sounds that

synchronize on screen like footsteps and

movement of hand drops.



Design sound effects are sounds that do

not normally occur in nature. Such

sounds are used to suggest futuristic

technology in science fiction film.

Acquisition of sound effects

I. Recording - from original sources

II. Processing - digitally synthesizedNote:Although effects¶ libraries may contain every effect

a producer requires, for timing and aesthetic reasons

custom recorded sound effects are often preferred.



Sound aestheticsThis is critical when coming up with a sound effect.

When creating sound effects for films, sound men andeditors do not generally concern themselves with the

verisimilitude or accuracy of the sounds they present.

The designing sound effect is mainly an issue of

creating a conjectural sound which feeds the audiencesexpectations while still suspending disbelief.



For example audience expect the sound of a

bullet fired from a close range to sounddifferently form the one fired from a long range.



AnimationAnimation can be defined as the creation of moving

pictures one frame at a time. It is the rapid display of images of 2D or 3D positions in order to create an

illusion of movement.

It is an optical illusion of motion due to the

phenomenon of persistence of vision and can bedemonstrated in a number of ways.

According to chapman & chapman (2004),

persistence of visions causes the succession of still

images to be perceived as a continuous movingimage.Animation literally means ³to bring to life,´

which captures the essence of the process.



There are two different ways of generating

moving pictures in a digital form for inclusion in

a multimedia production;

V ideo: a video camera is used to capture a

sequence of frames by recording actual motion as

it is occurring in the real world.

Animation: each frame is created individually

either within the computers or by capturing singleimages one at a time.



Types of animationThe most common method of presenting

animation is a motion picture or video program,although several others forms of presenting

animation also exist.

T raditional animation also referred to as

classical animation, cel animation or hand-

drawn animation, is the oldest and historically

the most popular form of animation.Traditionally - animated cartoon, each frame is

drawn by hand.



T echnique of T raditional animationMake a sequence of drawings or paints on a

paper.

O

nce the drawings are complete, the sequenceof drawings is photographed in the correct order

a single frame at a time.

When the film is played back, this sequence of

still images is perceived in just the same way asthe sequence of frames exposed when live action

has been filmed in real time.



S top-motion animation is used to describe animation

created by physically manipulating real world objects

and photographing them one frame of film at a time to

create illusion of movement. There are many differenttypes of stop-motion animation, usually named after

the type of media used to create the animation. Such

type of animation are:

Puppet animation: This type of animation involves

stop-motion puppet figures interacting with each in a

constructed environment - examples include Tale of

the Fox (France, 1937) and Nightmare Before

Christmas (us, 1993)



Clay animation: Is a type of stop-motion animation often

abbreviated as claymotion which uses figures made of clay

or similar malleable material to create stop-motionanimation. Example is The Gumby Show (US, 1957 -

1967)

Cutout animation: is a type of stop - motion animation

produced by moving 2D pieces of material such as paper

or cloth. Example include Tales of Tales (Russia, 1979)Model animation: refers to stop-motion animation

created to interact with and exist as a part of alive-action

world. Examples include king Kong (1933 film)

Object animation: refers to the use of regular Inanimate

objects in stop motion animation, as opposed to

specifically created items.



ComputerAnimationComputer animation encompasses a variety of

techniques, the unifying factor being thatanimation is created digitally on a computer such

animation are

2D animation

In this case figures are created and/or edited on

the computer using 2D vector graphics

Examples include power point animation.



Height

Length

y-axis

X- axis

2D Shape



Creation of motion

preset animation path(effects)

Customized animation path



Addition of sound to the motionAddition of sound to the motion

highlight the shape ,

Select animation ,

Select sound from soundeffects menu

Playback the sound

Synchronize motion path with

sound



3D animation



` 3D represent 3 dimensions: a third dimension is added

to the 2 dimensions

` While 2D is a flat drawing, 3D has illusion of volumeor spatial space (depth).

` Refers to objects that are constructed on three planes

(X,Y and Z)



Height

Depth

Length

z-axis

y-axis

X-axis

Cube is drawn by tracing paths of vertices of a

square as it moves perpendicularly to itself =

three - dimensional entity.



` 3D Modeling - This involves the process of formingthe shape of an object. According to Wesley (2002),

` Layout andAnimation- This process describes the

motion and placement of objects within a scene.

` 3D Rendering - this process produces an image of an

object



4.Model whatever you want. Convert to editable poly.` Make more changes e.g. Extrusions, Vertices etc.

` Go to modifier list. Choose a modifier i.e. to make

simple modifications.

` choose the level of smoothing effect you want



` Animate your scene add lights, add cameras.

time your animation then render ` Choose the screen size e.g. 800x600 then

choose the file to save in.

` Choose speed of render

` Choose either picture sequence, "avi"or "mov"then render.

` Play your animation



conclusion No matter how innovative your interface design,

how sophisticated your programming or use of

HTML, the public face of your web page, your

interactive television programme or multimediaapplication and the major make or break factor is

going to be your graphics and design. Your

potential customer will feel able to make aninstant judgment, for better or for worse, on the

basis of that first impression on the screen

(England and Finney, 2002).



` England, E. & Finney,A. (2002). M anaging M ultimedia.3rd

Edition, Great Britain: Henry Ling limited.

` Chapman, N. & Chapman, J. (2007). M edia T ools. 3rd Edition,

England: John Wiley & Sons limited.

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