vg_ucp_ elements of short story and novel

8/15/2019 VG_UCP_ Elements of Short Story and Novel

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Elements ofElements of

ShortShort

StoriesStories

& Novels& Novels


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& Novels& Novels What is a Short Story?What is a Short Story?

A brief, imaginative narrativecontaining few characters, simpleplot, conict, and suspense which

leads to a climax and a swiftconclusion.

A piece of prose ction mared

by relative shortness and density,organi!ed into a plot with someind of denouement at the end.


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Short Story cont.Short Story cont.

"an be read in one sitting #he plot may be comic, tragic,

romantic or satiric.

$t may be written in the mode offantasy, realism or naturalism

%ocuses on one important event

in the lives of a small number ofcentral character.


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What is a &ovel?What is a &ovel?

A ctional prose narrative ofconsiderable length typicallyhaving a plot that is unfolded by

the actions speech and thoughtsof numerous characters placed ina number of di'erent situations.


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THE ELEMENTS OFTHE ELEMENTS OF

SHORT STORY & NOVELSHORT STORY & NOVEL

WRITINGWRITING()*#

S+##$&

"-AA"#+

(*$ *% /$+W

"*&%)$"# #-+0+


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111 #-+ ()*# 111111 #-+ ()*# 111

Shows how the author arrangesevents to develop his basic idea.

A planned logical series of

events. #he se2uence or chain of events

in a story.


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()*# A(-()*# A(-

An excellent way to map out astory3s plot


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* Introd!tion* Introd!tion

$ntroduces the reader to4Setting

5asic situation

"haracters involved

&arrative -oo4 2uestion orstatement that grabs the reader3sattention


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111 #-+ S+##$& 111111 #-+ S+##$& 111

#he time 6time of day, season,present, past, future7 and the location6country, planet, town, buildings, ()8Sa description of the surroundings7where the action occurs.

#he time and location in which the

story taes place.-elps to create the mood and

atmosphere of the text.


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* "TMOSPHERE OR* "TMOSPHERE OR

MOO#MOO# #he feeling that the setting

evoes 6i.e. mysterious, happy,eerie7.

#he author3s emotional attitudetoward the sub9ect matter 6i.e.excitement, nostalgia7.

&*# the mood of the characters.What feeling is created at the

beginning of the story?


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* PL"$E* PL"$E

(roviding a scenic, geographicallocation where the action of thestory taes place.


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* TIME* TIME

When is the story taing place6historical period, time of day, year,etc7?


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* WE"THER $ON#ITIONS* WE"THER $ON#ITIONS

$s it sunny, stormy, rainy, etc.?(rovides a sense of enticing with

the story as it brings the readers in

the imaginative setting of the story.


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* LO$"L $OLOR* LO$"L $OLOR

Writing that focuses on the speech,dress, mannerisms, customs, etc. ofa particular place.

(roviding a sense of novelty and afeeling of connection as how thesetting is characteri!ed 6i.e. serenity

of the forest, cool bree!e at theseashore, slow;paced life in thebarrio, busy noise in the city et.al7


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#he rst ma9or action in the storythat sets the story in motion6gets the ball rolling7.

% Enti!in In!ident % Enti!in In!ident


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%Risin "!tion%Risin "!tion$ncidents which carry the plot

along.

#his is where the events in the

story become complicated andthe conict in the story isrevealed.


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* Risin "!tion !ont'* Risin "!tion !ont'

#he rising action may becreatively or uni2uely presentedusing the by employing

techni2ues such as4%oreshadowing "atharsis

%lashbac +piphany

Suspense (oetic


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( ( FORESH"#OWINGFORESH"#OWING

#he giving of hints about thethings to come in later as the plotdevelops.


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( ( FL"SH)"$ FL"SH)"$

#he insertion of an earlier event into the

time order of a narrative.

A techni2ue which taes the narrativebac in time from the point the story hasreached, to recount events thathappened before.


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#he feeling ofexcitement and

curiosity that eepsthe reader turningthe pages= createdby maing the

readers wonderhow the conict willbe resolved

( ( S+SPENSES+SPENSE


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efers to emotional involvement 6of anyind7 by readers or audiences withcharacters or circumstances that lead to

deeper appreciation of the narrative.$t transcends experiences that free or

cleanse the soul.

( ( $"TH"RSIS$"TH"RSIS


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:escribed as a moment of self;reali!ationor discovery that enlightens or reveals the

person3s character.

( ( EPIPH"NY EPIPH"NY


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A literary outcome in which bad charactersare punished and good characters are

rewarded.

( ( POETI$ ,+STI$EPOETI$ ,+STI$E


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#he di'erence between what someonedoes or says in relation to what isunderstood about what is done or said.

◦ Verbal Irony is the use of words to conveysomething other than, and especially the

opposite of the literal meaning of words toemphasi!e, aggrandi!e or mae light acircumstance or sub9ect.

◦ Situational Irony occurs in literature and indrama when persons and events come togetherin improbable situations, creating a tensionbetween expected and real results.

( ( Iron- Iron-


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1 #-+ ")$0A>1 #-+ ")$0A>

#he highest point ofinterest in the storywhen the character6s7solves hisher struggles

8sually the point ofhighest emotion

#he climax can beS85


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1 %A))$& A"#$*&1 %A))$& A"#$*&

#he charactercompletes the actionof hisher decision. #he events and

complications beginto resolvethemselves. #he reader nows

what has happened

next and if the conictwas resolved or not6between the climaxand the denouement7


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! "#E RE$%&'"I%( /! "#E RE$%&'"I%( /

E(%'E)E("E(%'E)E(" #he nal worings of a story3s

conict

All of the loose ends are tied up

6usually7

&arrative #wist4 a surprise ending


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111 #-+ "-AA"#+s111 #-+ "-AA"#+s

111111Any personalities

who are involved inthe plot of the story

6people, animals,fantasy characters7

Are life;lie people ,sometimes animals

and even ob9ectsthat mae thestoryrealistic.


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B +&+A) ")ASS$%$"A#$*&SB +&+A) ")ASS$%$"A#$*&S

*% "-AA"#+S*% "-AA"#+S"onsistent "haracter C a character

whose actions, decisions attitudes andfeelings are consistent with what thereader has been made to believe.

:ynamic "haracter C a character whochanges or develops in the course of

the story from bad to good or viceversa.

Static "haracter C a character whodoes not change or develop.


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B S(+"$%$" ")ASS$%$"A#$*&SB S(+"$%$" ")ASS$%$"A#$*&S

*% "-AA"#+S*% "-AA"#+S(*#A*&$S#S 6-+* -+*$&+7

AA*&$S#S

"*&%$:A+%*$)

5A"D*8&: "-AA"#+S


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* $H"R"$TER TR"ITS* $H"R"$TER TR"ITS

(hysical and personality characteristicsthat

are revealed through4

@. What the character does?. What the character says?

E. What other characters say or do aboutthe character?

F. What the author states directly?

G. What the author infers?


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* PROT"GONIST * PROT"GONIST

-ero -eroine ; theHgood guyI in the story.

A central character in thestory who triumphs and

supports the good side,thus the reader3ssympathy is usuallyexpected to lie in him.

#he main character thatwe follow.

#he character that strivesto solve the conict.


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* $ONFI#"NTE* $ONFI#"NTE

A characterwhosupports

theprotagonistin the story,often called

as thehero3ssideic.


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* FOIL* FOIL

A character who is good whenthe protagonist is around and badwhen not around.


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* SE$ON#"RY $H"R"$TERS* SE$ON#"RY $H"R"$TERS

*ther characters whoare necessary tomoving the plot along,

but may not beinvolved with thecentral conict.


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* $H"R"$TERI.ING "* $H"R"$TERI.ING "

$H"R"$TER$H"R"$TER $n order for a story to seem real to

the reader, its characters mustseem real.

Characterization C aninformation that the author givesthe reader about the character

themselves.


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* TE$HNI/+ES IN REVE"LING* TE$HNI/+ES IN REVE"LING

" $H"R"$TER " $H"R"$TER

@. (hysical appearance

. :reams, thoughts or motives

E. Speech or wordsF. Actions

G. What others say about him her andhow others react to him or her.


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efers to the method ofnarration employed by theauthor. #his method reveals whetherthe author or the narrator ispart of the story or outsidethe story.

111 #-+ (*$ *%111 #-+ (*$ *%

/$+W111/$+W111


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#he story is told through theeyes of a child 6his her

9udgement being di'erent

from that of an adult7

1 $&&*"+ +J+1 $&&*"+ +J+


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#he story is told so that thereader feels as if they areinside the head of one

character and nows all theirthoughts and reactions.

1 S#+A0 *% "*&"$*8S&+SS1 S#+A0 *% "*&"$*8S&+SS


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#he story is told by the protagonistor one of the characters whointeracts closely with the

protagonist or other characters6using pronouns $, me we, etc.7 #he reader sees the story through

this his eyes as heshe experiencesit and only nows what heshenows or feels.

1 %$S# (+S*&1 %$S# (+S*&


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#he story is told through theeyes of a child 6his her

9udgement being di'erent

from that of an adult7

1 $&&*"+ +J+1 $&&*"+ +J+


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A way of presenting a point ofview where the narrator tellsthe story from one character to

another, event to event, havingfree access to the thoughts,feelings and motivations of his

characters and he introducesinformation where and when hechooses.

1 *0&$S"$+ *0&$S"$+


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%mniscient &imited C◦ #he narrator tells the story using the

third person 6through pronouns they,

he she, it, etc.7◦ We now only what the characters

nows and what the character allowshim her to tell us

◦ We can see the thoughts andfeelings of the characters if theauthor chooses to reveal them to us.

1 #J(+S *% *0&$S"$+ #J(+S *% *0&$S"$+

(*$ *% /$+W(*$ *% /$+W


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%mniscient %*+ecti,eC◦ #he author tells the story in the third

person.

◦ $t appears as though a camera isfollowing the characters, goinganywhere and recording only what isseen or heard.

◦

#he reader is placed in the position ofspectator without the author there toexplain, hence, the reader interpretsevents on his own.

1 #J(+S *% *0&$S"$+ #J(+S *% *0&$S"$+

(*$ *% /$+W(*$ *% /$+W


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$t is what prevents the main characterfrom getting what he or she wants.

#he plot is driven by climax and it is

#-+ 0*S# $0(*#A %+A#8+ *% #-+ S#*J.

"ore of the plotK without the conict,there is no plot.

$t is the opposition of forces which tiesone incident to another and maesthe plot moves.

111 #-+ "*&%)$"#111 #-+ "*&%)$"#

111111


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"onict is not merely limited toopen arguments= rather, it is anyform of opposition that faces the

main character.Within a short story, there may

be only one central struggle, or

there may be one dominantstruggle within many minor ones.

111 #-+ "*&%)$"#111 #-+ "*&%)$"#

111111


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External Con-ictC◦ A struggle with a force outside one3s

self.

1 #J(+S *% "*&%)$"#1 #J(+S *% "*&%)$"#


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Internal Con-ictC◦ #he author tells the story in the third

person.

1 #J(+S *% "*&%)$"#1 #J(+S *% "*&%)$"#

* l $ 0i


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* Internal $on0i!t* Internal $on0i!t

PERSON VS' SELF PERSON VS' SELF

* E l $ 0i


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* E1ternal $on0i!t * E1ternal $on0i!t

PERSON VS' PERSONPERSON VS' PERSON

l 0i* E t l $ 0i t


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PERSON VS' SO$IETY PERSON VS' SO$IETY

* E l $ 0i* E t l $ 0i t


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PERSON VS'THE ENVIRONMENT PERSON VS'THE ENVIRONMENT

* E l $ 0i* E t l $ 0i t


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PERSON VS' F"TEPERSON VS' F"TE

* E t l $ 0i t* E t l $ 0i t


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PERSON VS' TE$HNOLOGY PERSON VS' TE$HNOLOGY

* E t l $ 0i t* E t l $ 0i t


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* E1ternal $on0i!t * E1ternal $on0i!t PERSON VS' THE S+PERN"T+R"LPERSON VS' THE S+PERN"T+R"L

http://photogallery.filmofilia.com/r-paranormal-activity-1737.htm


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1 #-+ #-+0+1 #-+ #-+0+

#he central idea about life that thestory

highlights= #-+ 0A$& $:+A 6universaltruths7.

#he message the author is conveying.

@. :etermine the specic conict

. :ecide what side of the conict the

story representsE. -ow is the conict resolved? Who

wins? Who loses?


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* THEME* THEME

#heme is (%" the moral of thestory

#heme is (%" plot

#heme I$ the general sub9ectmatter of a wor of art

#heme may contain a message


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* THEME* THEME

&ot all short stories have atheme= some are 9ust forentertainment or fun


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#-+0+ * &*# A #-+0+? #-+0+ * &*# A #-+0+?

@7 ed iding -ood is about how you shouldn3ttrust strangers

7 Stars Wars is a movie about )ue Sywaler

E7 Apocalypse &ow is about the insanity of war.

F7 #his painting is about loneliness

G7 #hat story is about two guys who steal a car

L7 omeo and

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