vfr & ifr aeronautical chart & symbols
TRANSCRIPT
1 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS
EXPLANATION OF VFR TERMS AND SYMBOLS
The discussions and examples in this section are based on the Sectional Aeronautical Chart (Sectional). Sec-tionals include the most current data and are at a scale (1:500,000) most beneficial to pilots flying under Visual FlightRules. A pilot should have little difficulty in reading these charts which are, in many respects, similar to automobileroad maps. Each chart is named for a major city within its area of coverage.
The chart legend lists various aeronautical symbols as well as information concerning terrain and contourelevations. You may identify aeronautical, topographical, and obstruction symbols (such as radio and television tow-ers) by referring to the legend. Many landmarks which can be easily recognized from the air, such as stadiums,pumping stations, refineries, etc., are identified by brief descriptions adjacent to small black squares marking theirexact locations . Oil wells are shown by small open circles . Water, oil and gas tanks are shown by smallblack circles and labeled accordingly, if known. The scale of an item may be increased to make it easier toread on the chart.
NACO charts are prepared in accordance with specifications of the Interagency Air Cartographic Committee(IACC) and are approved by representatives of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the Department ofDefense (DoD).
TERRAIN AND OBSTRUCTIONS
The elevation and configuration of the Earth'ssurface are certainly of prime importance to pilots. Car-tographers devote a great deal of attention to showingrelief and obstruction data in a clear and concise manner.Five different techniques are used: contour lines, shadedrelief, color tints, obstruction symbols, and MaximumElevation Figures. (MEF)
1. Contour lines are lines con-necting points on the Earth of equalelevation. On Sectionals, basic con-tours are spaced at 500' intervals.Intermediate contours may also be shown at 250' inter-vals in moderately level or gently rolling areas. Occasion-ally, auxiliary contours at 50, 100, 125, or 150' intervalsmay be used to portray smaller relief features in areas ofrelatively low relief. The pattern of these lines and theirspacing gives the pilot a visual concept of the terrain.Widely spaced contours represent gentle slopes, whileclosely spaced contours represent steep slopes.
2. Shaded relief is a depic-tion of how the terrain mightappear from the air. The cartogra-pher shades the areas that wouldappear in shadow if illuminated bya light from the northwest. Studieshave indicated that our visual per-ception has been conditioned to this view.
3. Color tints are used todepict bands of elevation. These col-ors range from light green for thelowest elevations to brown for thehigher elevations.
4. Obstruction symbols areused to depict man-made vertical features that mayaffect the National Airspace System. NACO maintains afile of over 109,000 obstacles in the United States, Can-ada, the Caribbean and Mexico. Each obstacle is evalu-ated by cartographers before it is added to the visualcharts. When the position or elevation of an obstacle isunverified, it is marked UC (under construction orreported but not verified).
The data in the Digital Obstacle File (DOF) is col-lected and disseminated as part of NACO’s responsibilityfor depicting the National Airspace System.
Source data on terrain and obstructions is some-times not complete or accurate enough for use in aero-nautical publications; for example, a reported obstructionmay be submitted with insufficient detail for determiningthe obstruction's position and elevation. Such cases areidentified by NACO and investigated by the FAA FlightEdit program.
The FAA Flight Edit crew conducts data verifica-tion missions, visually verifying cultural and topographicfeatures and reviewing all obstacle data. This reviewincludes checking for obstructions that may have beenconstructed, altered, or dismantled without proper notifi-cation. Unverified obstacles are subsequently photo-
VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS 2
graphed and the position and elevation are determinedphotogrammetrically.
Generally, only man-made structures extendingmore than 200' above ground level (AGL) are charted.Objects 200' or less are charted only if they are consid-ered hazardous obstructions; for example, an obstruc-tion is much higher than the surrounding terrain or verynear an airport. Examples of features considered hazard-ous obstacles to low level flight are antennas, tanks, fac-tories, lookout towers, and smoke-stacks.
Obstacles less than 1000' AGL are shown by the
symbol . Obstacles 1000' and higher AGL are
shown by the symbol . Man-made features which areused by FAA Air Traffic Control as checkpoints may berepresented with pictorial symbols shown in black withthe required elevation data in blue.
The elevation of the top of theobstacle above mean sea level (MSL) andthe height of the structure AGL are shownwhen known or when they can be reliablydetermined by the cartographer. TheAGL height is shown in parenthesesbelow the MSL elevation. In extremely congested areasthe AGL values may be omitted to avoid confusion.
Obstacles are portrayed wherever possible. Butsince legibility would be impaired if all obstacles withincity complexes or within high density groups of obstacleswere portrayed, only the highest obstacle in an area is
shown using , the group obstacle symbol.Obstacles under construction are indicated by
the letters immediately adjacent to the symbol. Ifavailable, the AGL height of the obstruction is shown inparentheses; for example, . Obstacles with high-in tens i t y s t robe l i gh t i ng sys tems a re shown
as:
5. The Maximum Elevation Figure (MEF) repre-sents the highest elevation, including terrain and othervertical obstacles (towers, trees, etc.), within a quadrant.A quadrant on Sectionals is the area bounded by tickedlines dividing each 30 minutes of latitude and each 30minutes of longitude. MEF figures are depicted to thenearest 100' value. The last two digits of the number arenot shown. In this example the MEF represents 12,500'.
MEFs are shown over land masses as well as over openwater areas containing man-made obstacles such as oilrigs.
In the determination of MEFs, extreme care isexercised to calculate the values based on the existingelevation data shown on source material. Cartographersuse the following procedure to calculate MEFs:
When a man-made obstacle is more than 200'above the highest terrain within the quadrant:
1. Determine the elevation of the top of theobstacle above MSL.
2. Add the possible vertical error of the sourcematerial to the above figure (100' or 1/2 con-tour interval when interval on source exceeds200'. U.S. Geological Survey QuadrangleMaps with contour intervals as small as 10'are normally used).
3. Round the resultant figure up to the nexthigher hundred foot level.
Example: Elevation of obstacle top (MSL) = 2424Possible vertical error + 100
equals 2524Raise to the following 100 foot level 2600
Maximum Elevation Figure
When a natural terrain feature or natural vertical obstacle(e.g. a tree) is the highest feature within the quadrangle.:
1. Determine the elevation of the feature.2. Add the possible vertical error of the source
to the above figure (100' or 1/2 the contourinterval when interval on source exceeds200').
3. Add a 200' allowance for natural or man-made obstacles which are not portrayedbecause they are below the minimum heightat which the chart specifications require theirportrayal.
4. Round the figure up to the next higherhundred foot level.
3 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS
Example: Elevation of obstacle top (MSL) = 3450Possible vertical error + 100Obstacle Allowance 200
equals 3750Raise to the following 100 foot level 3800
Maximum Elevation Figure
Pilots should be aware that while the MEF isbased on the best information available to the cartogra-pher, the figures are not verified by field surveys. Also,users should consult the Aeronautical Chart Bulletin inthe A/FD or NACO website to ensure that your chart hasthe latest MEF data available.
RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION
On visual charts, information about radio aids tonavigation is boxed, as illustrated. Duplication of data isavoided. When two or more radio aids in a general areahave the same name with different frequencies, TACANchannel numbers, or identification letters, and no misin-terpretation can result, the name of the radio aid may beindicated only once within the identification box. VHF/UHF radio aids to navigation names and identificationboxes (shown in blue) take precedence. Only those itemsthat are different (e.g., frequency, Morse Code) arerepeated in the box in the appropriate color. The choiceof separate or combined boxes is made in each case onthe basis of economy of space and clear identification ofthe radio aids.
Radio aids to navigation located on an airportdepicted by the pattern symbol may not always beshown by the appropriate symbol. A small open circleindicates the NAVAID location when co-located with anairport symbol. The type of radio aid to navigation maybe indicated by letter identification; e.g., VOR, VORTAC,etc., positioned on and breaking the top line of the iden-tification box.
AIRPORTS
Airports in the following categories are charted asindicated (additional symbols are shown later in this Sec-tion).
Public use airports:
Hard-surfaced runways greater than 8069' orsome multiple runways less than 8069'
Hard-surfaced runways 1500' to 8069'
Other than hard-surfaced runways
Seaplane bases
Military airports:
Other than hard-surfaced runways
Hard-surfaced runways are depicted the sameas public-use airports.U.S. military airports are identified by abbrevia-tions such as AAF (Army Air Field), AFB (Air ForceBase), MCAS (Marine Corps Air Station), NAS(Naval Air Station), NAF (Naval Air Facility), NAASNaval Auxiliary Air Station), etc. Canadian militaryairports are identified by the abbreviation DND(Department of National Defense).
Services available:Tick marks around the basic airport symbol indi-cate that fuel is available and the airport is tendedduring normal working hours. (Normal workinghours are Monday through Friday 10:00 A.M. to4:00 P.M. local time.)
Other airports with or without services:
Airports are plotted in their true geographic posi-tion unless the symbol conflicts with a radio aid to navi-gation (navaid) at the same location. In such cases, theairport symbol will be displaced, but the relationshipbetween the airport and the navaid will be retained.
Airports are identified by their designated name.Generic parts of long airport names (such as "airport”,"field” or "municipal") and the first names of persons arecommonly omitted unless they are needed to distinguishone airport from another with a similar name.
The following figure illustrates the coded datathat is provided along with the airport name. The eleva-tion of an airport is the highest point on the usable por-tion of the landing areas. Runway length is the length ofthe longest active runway including displaced thresholds
{
VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS 4
and excluding overruns. Runway length is shown to thenearest 100', using 70 as the division point; a runway8070' in length is charted as 81, while a runway 8069' inlength is charted as 80.
Airports with Control Towers (CT), and theirrelated information, are shown in blue. All other airports,and their related information, are shown in magenta (red-dish purple).
The symbol indicates the existence of a rotat-ing or flashing airport beacon operating continuouslysunset to sunrise.
The symbol indicates that runway lights are onduring hours of darkness. A indicates that the pilotmust consult the Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD) todetermine runway lighting limitations, such as: availableon request (by radio call, letter, phone, etc), part-timelighting or pilot/airport controlled lighting. The lighted run-way may not be the longest runway available, and maynot be lighted full length. A detailed description of airportand air navigation lighting aids available at each airportcan be found in the A/FD. The Aeronautical InformationManual (AIM) thoroughly explains the types and uses ofairport lighting aids.
CONTROLLED AIRSPACE
Controlled airspace consists of those areaswhere some or all aircraft may be subject to air trafficcontrol, such as Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D,Class E Surface (SFC) and Class E Airspace.
Class A Airspace
within the United Statesextends from 18,000' up to 60,000' MSL. While visualcharts do not depict Class A, it is important to note itsexistance.
Class B Airspace
is shown in abbreviated formon the World Aeronautical Chart (WAC). The SectionalAeronautical Chart (Sectional) and Terminal Area Chart(TAC) show Class B in greater detail. The MSL ceiling andfloor altitudes of each sector are shown in solid blue fig-
ures with the last two digits omitted: Radials and
arcs used to define Class B are prominently shown onTACs. Detailed rules and requirements associated withthe particular Class B are shown. The name by whichthe Class B is identified is shown as:
Class C Airspace
is shown in abbreviated formon WACs. Sectionals and TACs show Class C in greaterdetail.
The MSL ceiling and floor altitudes of each sectorare shown in solid magenta figures with the last two dig-
its eliminated: . The following figures identify a sec-
tor that extends from the surface to the base of the Class
B: . The name by which the Class C is identified is
shown as: . Separate notes, enclosedin magenta boxes, give the approach control frequenciesto be used by arriving VFR aircraft to establish two-wayradio communication before entering the Class C (gener-ally within 20 NM):
Class D Airspace
is symbolized by a bluedashed line. Class D operating less than continuous isindicated by the following note: . Ceilings
of Class D are shown as follows: . A minus in frontof the figure is used to indicate "from surface to but notincluding .... .”
Class E Surface (SFC) Airspace
is symbolizedby a magenta dashed line. Class E SFC operating lessthan continuous is indicated by the following note:
Class E Airspace
ex is ts at 1200' aboveground level unless desig-nated otherwise. The lat-eral and vertical limits of allClass E up to but not including 18,000' are shown bynarrow bands of vignette on Sectionals and TACs. Con-trolled airspace floors of 700' above the ground aredefined by a magenta vignette; floors other than 700'
5 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS
that abut uncontrolled airspace (Class G) are defined bya blue vignette; differing floors greater than 700' above
the ground are annotated by a symbol and a
number indicating the floor. If the ceiling is less than18,000' MSL, the value (prefixed by the word "ceiling") isshown along the limits of the controlled airspace. Theselimits are shown with the same symbol indicated above.
UNCONTROLLED AIRSPACE
Class G Airspace
within the United Statesextends up to 14,500' MSL. At and above this altitude isClass E, excluding the airspace less than 1500' abovethe terrain and certain special use airspace areas.
SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE
Special use airspace confines certain flight activ-ities and restricts entry, or cautions other aircraft operat-ing within specific boundaries. Except for ControlledFiring Areas, special use airspace areas are depicted onvisual aeronautical charts. Controlled Firing Areas are notcharted because their activities are suspended immedi-ately when spotter aircraft, radar, or ground lookout posi-tions indicate an aircraft might be approaching the area.Nonparticipating aircraft are not required to change theirflight paths. Special use airspace areas are shown in theirentirety (within the limits of the chart), even when theyoverlap, adjoin, or when an area is designated withinanother area. The areas are identified by type and identi-fying name or number, positioned either within or imme-diately adjacent to the area.
OTHER AIRSPACE AREAS
Mode C Required Airspace
(from the surface to10,000' MSL) within 30 NM radius of the primary air-port(s) for which a Class B is designated, is depicted by
a solid magenta line. Mode C is
required but not depicted for operations within andabove all Class C up to 10,000' MSL. Enroute Mode Crequirements (at and above 10,000' MSL except in air-
space at and below 2500' AGL) are not depicted. SeeFAR 91.215 and the AIM.
FAR 93
Airports and heliportswhere Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR93) special air traffic rules and airporttraffic patterns apply are shown by"boxing" the airport name.
FAR 91
Airports where fixed wing special visualflight rules operations are prohibited (FAR 91) are shownwith the type "NO SVFR" above the airport name.
National Security Areas
are indicated on VFRcharts with a broken magenta line. Unauthorized aircraft are requested to remain clear ofthese areas.
Terminal Radar Service Areas (TRSAs)
areshown in their entirety, symbolized by a screened blackoutline of the entire area including the various sectorswithin the area.
The outer limit of the entire TRSA is a continuousscreened black line. The various sectors within the TRSAare symbolized by slightly narrower screened black lines.
Each sector altitude is identified in solid blackcolor by the MSL ceiling and floor values of the respec-tive sector, eliminating the last two digits. A leader line isused when the altitude values must be positioned out-side the respective sectors because of space limitations.The TRSA name is shown near the north position of theTRSA as follows: . Associated frequen-cies are listed in a table on the chart border.
Military Training Routes (MTRs)
are shown onSectionals and TACs. They are identified by the routedesignator: . Route designatorsare shown in solid black on the route centerline, posi-tioned along the route for continuity. The designator IR orVR is not repeated when two or more routes are estab-lished over the same airspace, e.g., IR201-205-227.Routes numbered 001 to 099 are shown as IR1 or VR99,eliminating the initial zeros. Direction of flight along theroute is indicated by small arrowheads adjacent to and inconjunction with each route designator.
The following note appears on Sectionals andTACs covering the conterminous United States.
There are IFR (IR) and VFR (VR) routes as follows:Route identification:a. Routes at or below 1500' AGL (with no seg-
ment above 1500') are identified by four-digitnumbers; e.g., VR1007, etc. These routes are
VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS 6
generally developed for flight under VisualFlight Rules.
b. Routes above 1500' AGL (some segments ofthese routes may be below 1500') are identi-fied by three-digit or less numbers; e.g., IR21,VR302, etc. These routes are developed forflight under Instrument Flight Rules.
MTRs can vary in width from four to 16 miles.Detailed route width information is available in the FlightInformation Publication (FLIP) AP/1B (a DoD publication),or in the Digital Aeronautical Chart Supplement (DACS)produced by NACO.
Special Military Activity
areas are indicated onthe Sectionals by a boxed note in black type. The notecontains radio frequency information for obtaining areaactivity status.
TERMINAL AREA CHART (TAC) COVERAGE
TAC coverage is shown on appropriate Section-als by a 1/4" masked line as indicated below. Within thisarea, pilots should use TACs which provide greater detailand clarity of information. A note to this effect appearsnear the masked boundary line.
INSET COVERAGE
Inset coverage is shown on appropriate Section-als by a 1/8" masked line as indicated below. A note tothis effect appears near the masked boundary line.
CHART TABULATIONS
Airport Tower Communications
are provided ina columnized tabulation for all tower-controlled airportsthat appear on the respective chart. Airport names arelisted alphabetically. If the airport is military, the type ofairfield, e.g., AAF, AFB, NAS, is shown after the airfieldname. In addition to the airport name, tower operatinghours, primary VHF/UHF local Control Tower (CT),Ground Control (GND CON), and Automatic TerminalInformation Service (ATIS) frequencies, when available,will be given. An asterisk (*) indicates that the part-timetower frequency is remoted to a collocated full-time FSSfor use as Local Airport Advisory (LAA) when the tower isclosed. Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR) and/or Preci-sion Approach Radar (PAR) procedures are listed whenavailable.
Approach Control Communications
are pro-vided in a columized tabulation listing Class B, Class C,Terminal Radar Service Areas (TRSA) and SelectedRadar Facilities when available. Primary VHF/UHF fre-quencies are provided for each facility. Sectorizationoccurs when more than one frequency exists and/orapproach direction dependent. Availability of servicehours is also provided
Special Use Airspace (SUA)
information iscomprised of Prohibited, Restricted, Alert, and WarningAreas. They are presented in blue and listed numericallyfor U.S. and other countries. Restricted, Danger andAdvisory Areas for Canada are tabulated separately inblue. A tabulation of Military Operations Areas (MOA) thatappear on the chart are presented in magenta and listedalphabetically. All are supplemented with altitude, time ofuse and the controlling agency/contact facility, and itsfrequency, when available. The controlling agency will beshown when the contact facility and frequency data isunavailable..
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7 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS
AirportName
Hours of Operation(local time)
Frequencies (VHF/UHF)
Runway dependent
Approachdirection
dependent
Radar InstrumentApproach available
AirspaceName
VHF/UHF
VHF/UHF
{ {
{{
{VHFUHF
{
{ Sectors forVHF and UHF traffic
local time
Sunrise to Sunset
Frequencies (VHF/UHF)
Radar Approach
Control
RestrictedDanger
Advisory
{
NOT F
OR N
AVIGATIO
NNNNO
NOO
NO
NO
NNNNNN
ATI
VIG
RNAV
FFFOFOOR
OR
ORR
OOT
OT
OT
OTTTTTT
FFFFOOOOO
TO
TO
TTTTTNNNNONONO
TOOOO
TO
TTTNNNNNNNNNONNONOONNNN
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VFR AERONAUTICAL CHART SYMBOLS
AERONAUTICAL INFORMATIONAIRPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11AIRSPACE INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16CHART LIMITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
TOPOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
CULTURE
RAILROADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19ROADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19POPULATED PLACES OUTLINED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20BOUNDARIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20MISCELLANEOUS CULTURAL FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
HYDROGRAPHY
SHORELINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22LAKES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22RESERVOIRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22STREAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23MISCELLANEOUS HYDROGRAPHIC FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
RELIEF
CONTOURS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26ELEVATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27UNRELIABLE RELIEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27SHADED RELIEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27AREA RELIEF FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27MISCELLANEOUS RELIEF FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
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HELICOPTER ROUTE CHARTSAIRPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28AIRSPACE INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31CULTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32HYDROGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32RELIEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
VFR FLYWAY PLANNING CHARTSAIRPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33AIRSPACE INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35CULTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36HYDROGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36RELIEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
GENERAL INFORMATIONSymbols shown are for World Aeronautical Charts (WAC), Sectional aeronautical charts and Terminal Area Charts(TAC). When a symbol is different on any VFR chart series, it will be annotated thus: WAC or Not shown on WAC.
VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Aeronautical Information 10
AIRPORTS
LANDPLANE: CIVIL
Airports having con-trol towers (CT) are shown in blue, all oth-ers are shown in magenta.
All recognizable run-ways, including some which may be closed, are shown for visual identification pur-poses.
Refueling and repair facilities for normal traffic.
Runway patterns will be depicted at air-ports with at least one hard surface runway 1500´ or greater in length.
SEAPLANE: CIVIL AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION
LANDPLANE:CIVIL-MILITARY
LANDPLANE:MILITARY
Refueling and repair facilities not indi-cated.
LANDPLANE:EMERGENCY
No facilities
or
Complete informa-tion is not available.
Add appropriate notes as required:"closed, approximate position, existence unconfirmed.
SEAPLANE:EMERGENCY
No facilities or com-plete information is not available
HELIPORT
(Selected)
ULTRALIGHT FLIGHT PARK
(Selected)
AIRPORT DATA GROUPING
AIRPORTS
11 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Aeronautical Information
RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION
VHFOMNI-DIRECTIONAL RADIO (VOR) RANGE
VOR
VORTAC
VOR-DME
NON-DIRECTIONAL RADIOBEACON (NDB)
NDB-DME
{
ILS COMPONENTS
Shown when compo-nent of airway sys-tem or used in the description of Class B airspace.
BROADCASTSTATIONS (BS)
On request by the proper authority or when a VFR Check-point.
FLIGHT SERVICE STATION (FSS)
REMOTECOMMUNICATIONS OUTLET (RCO)
RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION
VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Aeronautical Information 12
AIR FORCE STATION (AFS)
LONG RANGERADAR STATION (LRRS)
OFF AIRPORTAWOS/ASOS
AIRSPACE INFORMATION
CLASS B AIRSPACE
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
Only the airspace effective below 18,000 feet MSL are shown.
(Mode C seeFAR 91.215 /AIM)
All mileagesare nautical (NM).
All radialsare magnetic.
RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION
’
LAS
002
CLASS C AIRSPACE
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
(Mode C seeFAR 91.215 /AIM)
CLASS D AIRSPACE
AIRSPACE INFORMATION
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13 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Aeronautical Information
CLASS E AIRSPACE
The limits of Class E airspace shall be shown by narrow vignettes or by the dashed magenta symbol. Individual units of designated airspace are not nec-essarily shown; instead, the aggre-gate lateral and verti-cal limits shall be defined by the follow-ing:
Airspace beginning at the surface (sfc) des-ignated around air-ports ...
Airspace beginning at 700 feet AGL ...
Airspace beginning at 1200 feet AGL or greater that abuts uncontrolled air-space (Class G) ...
Differentiates floors of airspace greater than 700 feet above the surface...
When the ceiling is less than 18,000 feet MSL, the value, pre-fixed by the word "ceiling,” shall be shown along the lim-its.
OFFSHORE CONTROL AREAS
AIRSPACE INFORMATION
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CANADIAN AIRSPACE
Individual units of designated Canadian airspace are not nec-essarily shown; instead, the aggre-gate lateral and verti-cal limits shall be portrayed as closely as possible to the comparable U.S. air-space.
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
AIRSPACE OUTSIDE OF U.S.
Other than Canada
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
FLIGHT INFORMATION REGIONS (FIR) and /or (CTA)
OCEANIC CONTROL AREAS (OCA)
AIRSPACE INFORMATION
VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Aeronautical Information 14
AIR DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONE (ADIZ)
Note. Delimiting line not shown when it coincides with Inter-national Boundary, projection lines or other linear features.
LOW ALTITUDEAIRWAYSVOR and LF / MF (CLASS E AIRSPACE)
Low altitude Federal Airways are indicated by centerline.
Only the controlled airspace effective below 18,000 feet MSL is shown.
MISCELLANEOUS AIR ROUTES
AIRSPACE INFORMATION
SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE
Only the airspace effective below 18,000 feet MSL are shown.
The type of area shall be spelled out in large areas if space per-mits.
MILITARY TRAINING ROUTES (MTR)
SPECIAL MILITARY ACTIVITY ROUTES (SMAR)
Boxed notes (as in text) shown adjacent to route.
AIRSPACE INFORMATION
15 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Aeronautical Information
SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES / AIRPORT PATTERNS (FAR 93)
Appropriate boxed note as required shown adjacent to area.
SPACE OPERATIONS AREA(FAR 91.143)
MODE C (FAR 91.215)
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
MISCELLANEOUS AIRSPACE AREAS
Parachute Jumping Area with Frequency
GliderOperating Area
UltralightActivity
Hang GliderActivity
SPECIAL CONSERVATION AREAS
National Park, Wildlife Refuge, Primitive and Wilderness Areas, etc.
AIRSPACE INFORMATION
SPECIAL AIRSPACE AREAS
SPECIAL FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATIONS (SFAR) AREAS
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
SFAR AREARELATING TO NATIONAL SECURITY
Example: Washington DC
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
TEMPORARY FLIGHT RESTRICTION (TFR)RELATING TO NATIONAL SECURITY
Example:P-40/R-4009
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
AIRSPACE INFORMATION
WASHINGTON DC METROPOLITAN AREA SPECIAL FLIGHT RULES AREA IN EFFECT (See SFAR 94 description in chart border).
CAUTIONP-40 AND R-4009 EXPANDED BY TEMPORARY FLIGHT RESTRICTION.CONTACT AFSS FOR LATEST STATUS AND NOTAMS
VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Aeronautical Information 16
NATIONAL SECURITY AREA
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
HIGH ENERGY RADIATION AREAS
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
TERMINAL RADAR SERVICE AREA (TRSA)
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
AIRSPACE INFORMATION
’
AIRSPACE INFORMATION
IFR ROUTES
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
Arrival
Departure
TRANSITION ROUTES
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
Uni-directional
Bi-directional
NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION
ISOGONIC LINE & VALUE
Isogonic lines and values shall be based on the five year epoch magnetic variation model.
LOCAL MAGNETIC NOTES
Unreliability Notes
COMPASS ROSETTE
Shown only in areas void of VOR roses.
Compass rosette will be based on the five year epoch magnetic variation model.
VFR TRANSITION ROUTEATC CLEARANCE REQUIREDSEE SHOWBOAT GRAPHIC
ON SIDE PANEL
17 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Aeronautical Information
INTERSECTIONS
Named intersections used as reporting points. Arrows are directed toward facili-ties which establish intersection.
AERONAUTICAL LIGHTS
AERONAUTICAL LIGHTS
NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION
Site #
MARINE LIGHTS
With Characteristics of Light
VISUAL GROUND SIGNS
Shore and Landmarkers
VFR CHECKPOINTS
NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION
VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Aeronautical Information 18
VFR WAYPOINTS
Stand-Alone
Collocated with VFR Checkpoint
OBSTRUCTION
GROUPOBSTRUCTION
HIGH-INTENSITY OBSTRUCTION LIGHTS
High-intensity lights may operate part-time.
MAXIMUM ELEVATION FIGURE (MEF)
(see page 2 for expla-nation).
WARNING ANDCAUTION NOTES
Used when specific area is not demar-cated.
NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION
’
’
’
’
’
’
’
CHART LIMITS
OUTLINE ON SECTIONAL OF TERMINAL AREA CHART
OUTLINE ON SECTIONAL OF INSET CHART
19 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Topographic Information
CULTURE
RAILROADS
All gauges
Single Track TOPOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Double Track
More Than Two Tracks
Electric
RAILROADS IN JUXTAPOSITION
RAILROAD-NONOPERATING, ABANDONED, DESTROYED OR UNDER CONSTRUCTION
RAILROAD YARDS
Limiting Track To Scale
Location Only
RAILROAD STATIONS
RAILROAD SIDINGS AND SHORT SPURS
ROADS
Dual Lane Category 1
Primary Category 2
Secondary Category 2
TRAILS
Category 3
Provides symboliza-tion for dismantled railroad when com-bined with label "dis-mantled railroad."
ROAD MARKERS
Interstate Route No.
U.S. Route No.
Air Marked Identification Label
ROAD NAMES
ROADS UNDER CONSTRUCTION
Features Related to Railroads and Roads
CULTURE
VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Topographic Information 20
BRIDGESAND VIADUCTS
Railroad
Road
OVERPASSES AND UNDERPASSES
CAUSEWAYS
TUNNELS-ROADAND RAILROAD
POPULATED PLACES OUTLINED
Large Cities Category 1
Cities andLarge TownsCategory 2
POPULATEDPLACES
Towns and Villages Category 3
CULTURE
FERRIES, FERRY SLIPS AND FORDS
PROMINENT FENCES
BOUNDARIES
International
State andProvincial
Convention or Mandate Line
Date Line
CULTURE
21 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Topographic Information
TIME ZONES
MINES AND QUARRIES
Shaft Mines and Quarries
POWERTRANSMISSION & TELECOMMUNICA-TION LINES
PIPELINES
Underground
DAMS
DAM CARRYING ROAD
PASSABLE LOCKS
CULTURE
SMALL LOCKS
WEIRS AND JETTIES
SEAWALLS
BREAKWATERS
PIERS, WHARFS, QUAYS, ETC.
MISCELLANEOUS CULTURALFEATURES
OUTDOOR THEATER
WELLS
Other Than Water
CULTURE
VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Topographic Information 22
RACE TRACKS
LOOKOUT TOWERS
Air markedidentification
LANDMARK AREAS
TANKS
COAST GUARDSTATION
AERIAL CABLEWAYS, CONVEYORS, ETC.
HYDROGRAPHY
OPEN WATER
INLAND WATER
CULTURE
618 (Elevation Base of Tower)
(Site Number)
SHORELINES
Definite
Fluctuating
Unsurveyed
Indefinite
Man-made
LAKES
Label as required
Perennial
When too numerous to show individual lakes, show represen-tative pattern and descriptive note.
Non-Perennial
(dry, intermittent, etc.) Illustration includes small perennial lake
RESERVOIRS
Natural Shorelines
Man-made Shorelines
Label when neces-sary for clarity
Too small to show to scale
Under Construc-tion
HYDROGRAPHY
23 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Topographic Information
STREAMS
Perennial
Non-Perennial
Fanned Out
Alluvial fan
MISCELLA-NEOUS HYDRO-GRAPHIC FEATURES
Braided
Disappearing
SeasonallyFluctuating
with undefined limits
with maximum bank limits, prominent and constant
Sand Deposits In and Along Riverbeds
HYDROGRAPHY
WET SAND AREAS
Within and adjacent to desert areas
AQUEDUCTS
Abandoned or UnderConstruction
Underground
Suspended or Elevated
Tunnels
Kanats
Underground aque-duct with air vents
HYDROGRAPHY
VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Topographic Information 24
FLUMES, PENSTOCKS AND SIMILAR FEATURES
Elevated
Underground
FALLS
Double-Line
Single-Line
RAPIDS
Double-Line
Single-Line
CANALS
HYDROGRAPHY
To Scale
Abandoned or UnderConstruction
Abandonedto Scale
SMALL CANALS AND DRAINAGE / IRRIGATION DITCHES
Perennial
Non-Perennial
Abandoned or Ancient
Numerous
Representative pat-tern and/or descrip-tive note.
Numerous
HYDROGRAPHY
25 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Topographic Information
COASTAL HYDRO-GRAPHIC FEATURESSALT EVAPORATORS AND SALT PANS MAN EXPLOITED
SWAMPS, MARSHES AND BOGS
HUMMOCKS AND RIDGES
MANGROVE AND NIPA
PEAT BOGS
TUNDRA
CRANBERRY BOGS
RICE PADDIES
Extensive areas indi-cated by label only.
HYDROGRAPHY
salt pans
mangrove
peat bog
LAND SUBJECT TO INUNDATION
SPRINGS, WELLS AND WATERHOLES
GLACIERS
GLACIAL MORAINES
ICE CLIFFS
SNOWFIELDS, ICE FIELDS AND ICE CAPS
ICE PEAKS
FORESHORE FLATS
Tidal flats exposed at low tide.
HYDROGRAPHY
VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Topographic Information 26
ROCKS-ISOLATED
Bare or Awash
WRECKS
Exposed
REEFS-ROCKY OR CORAL
MISCELLANEOUS UNDERWATER FEATURES NOT OTHERWISE SYMBOLIZED
FISH PONDS AND HATCHERIES
ICE
Permanent Polar Ice
Pack Ice
HYDROGRAPHY
RELIEF
CONTOURS
Basic
Approximate
Intermediate
Auxiliary
Depression
Illustration includes mound within depression
Values
2000
1000
27 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Topographic Information
SPOT ELEVATIONSELEVATIONS
Position Accurate
Position Accurate, ElevationApproximate
UNRELIABLE RELIEFApproximatelocation
Critical
Highest on Chart
MOUNTAIN PASS
HACHURING
UNSURVEYED AREAS
Label appropriately as required
UNCONTOURED AREAS
Label appropriately as required
DISTORTED SURFACE AREAS
LAVA FLOWS
RELIEF
12632
RELIEF DATA INCOMPLETE
lava
SAND OR GRAVEL AREAS
SAND RIDGES
To Scale
SAND DUNES
To Scale
SHADED RELIEF
ROCK STRATA OUTCROP
AREA RELIEF FEA-TURES
QUARRIES TO SCALE
STRIP MINES, MINE DUMPS AND TAILINGS
To Scale
CRATERS
MISCELLANEOUS RELIEF FEATURES
ESCARPMENTS, BLUFFS, CLIFFS, DEPRESSIONS, ETC.
LEVEES AND ESKERS
RELIEF
HELICOPTER ROUTE CHARTS - Aeronautical Information 28
AIRPORTS
LANDPLANE
All recognizable run-ways, including some which may be closed, are shown for visual identification.
HELICOPTER ROUTE CHARTS
HELIPORT
SEAPLANE
ULTRALIGHT FLIGHT PARK
AIRPORT DATA GROUPING
Boxed airport name indicates airport for which a Special Traf-fic Rule has been established.
RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION
VHFOMNI-DIRECTIONAL RADIO (VOR) RANGE
VOR
VORTAC
VOR-DME
NON-DIRECTIONAL RADIOBEACON(NDB)
NDB-DME
{
29 HELICOPTER ROUTE CHARTS - Aeronautical Information
NAVAIDS USED TO DEFINE CLASS B AIRSPACE
BROADCAST STATIONS (BS)
On request by the proper authority or when a VFR Check-point.
FLIGHT SERVICE STATION (FSS)
REMOTE COMMUNICATIONS OUTLET (RCO)
RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION
AIRSPACE INFORMATION
CLASS B AIRSPACE
Appropriate notes as required may be shown. (Mode C see FAR 91.215/AIM)
All mileages are nautical (NM)
All radials are magnetic.
CLASS C AIRSPACE
Appropriate notes as required may be shown. (Mode C see FAR 91.215/AIM)
CLASS D AIRSPACEHELICOPTER ROUTE CHARTS
HELICOPTER ROUTE CHARTS - Aeronautical Information 30
CLASS E SURFACE (SFC) AIRSPACE
SPECIAL AIRSPACE AREAS
SPECIAL FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATIONS (SFAR) AREAS RELATING TO NATIONAL SECURITY
Example: Washington DC
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
AIR DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONE (ADIZ)
Note. Delimiting line not shown when it coincides with Inter-national Boundary, projection lines or other linear features.
AIRSPACE INFORMATION
WASHINGTON DC METROPOLITAN SPECIALFLIGHT RULES AREA IN EFFECT (See SFAR 94description in chart border). Special regulations applyto all aircraft operations below Flight Level 180 in the WashingtonDC Metropolitan Area. Pilots should contact a local AFSS for NOTAMinformation prior to flight in the Washington DC Metropolitan Area.
CANADIAN AIRSPACE
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
HELICOPTER ROUTES
AIRSPACE INFORMATION
31 HELICOPTER ROUTE CHARTS - Aeronautical Information
SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE
Only the airspace effective below 18,000 feet MSL is shown.
The type of area shall be spelled out in large areas if space per-mits.
MILITARY TRAINING ROUTES (MTR)
SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES / AIRPORT TRAFFIC AREAS (FAR PART 93)
Appropriate boxed notes as required shown adjacent to area.
MODE C(FAR 91.215)
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
MISCELLANEOUS AIRSPACE AREAS
Parachute Jumping Area with Frequency
GliderOperating Area
UltralightActivity
Hang GliderActivity
SPECIALCONSERVATION AREAS
National Park, Wildlife Refuge, Primitive and Wilderness Areas, etc.
TERMINAL RADAR SERVICE AREA (TRSA)
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
AIRSPACE INFORMATION NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION
VFR CHECKPOINTS
VFR WAYPOINTS
Stand-Alone
Collocated with VFR Checkpoint
OBSTRUCTIONS
MAXIMUMELEVATION FIGURE (MEF)
(see page 2 for expla-nation).
NAVIGATION DATA
’
’
’’
’’
’’
HELICOPTER ROUTE CHARTS - Topographic Information 32
WARNING ANDCAUTION NOTES
LOCAL MAGNETIC NOTES
Unreliability Notes
CULTURE
RAILROADS
Single Track
Double Track
ROADS
Dual Lane
Primary
BRIDGES
POPULATED PLACES
Built-up Areas
BOUNDARIES
International
State and Provincial
NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION
POWER TRANSMISSION LINES
PROMINENT PICTORIALS
LANDMARKS
HYDROGRAPHY
SHORELINES
MAJOR LAKES AND RIVERS
RESERVOIRS
RELIEF
SPOT ELEVATIONS
Position Accurate
CULTURE
33 VFR FLYWAY PLANNING CHARTS - Aeronautical Information
AIRPORTS
LANDPLANE
No distinction is made between air-ports with services and those without services. Runways may be exaggerated to clearly portray the pattern. Hard-sur-faced runways which are closed but still exist are included in the charted pattern.
FAR 91 - Fixed wing special VFR opera-tions prohibited.
VFR FLYWAY PLAN-NING CHARTS
RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION
VHFOMNI-DIRECTIONALRADIO RANGE (VOR)
VOR
VORTAC
VOR-DME
NON-DIRECTIONAL RADIOBEACON(NDB)
NDB-DME
NAVAIDS USED TO DEFINE CLASS BAIRSPACE
AIRSPACE INFORMATION
CLASS B AIRSPACE
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
(Mode C seeFAR 91.215 /AIM)
All mileages are nautical (NM).
All radialsare magnetic.
CLASS C AIRSPACE
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
(Mode C seeFAR 91.215/AIM)
CLASS D AIRSPACE
CLASS E SURFACE (SFC) AIRSPACE
VFR FLYWAY PLANNING CHARTS - Aeronautical Information 34
SPECIAL AIRSPACE AREAS
SPECIAL FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATIONS (SFAR) AREAS RELATING TO NATIONAL SECURITY
Example: Washington DC
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
TEMPORARY FLIGHT RESTRICTION (TFR)RELATING TO NATIONAL SECURITY
Example:P-40/R-4009
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
AIRSPACE INFORMATION
WASHINGTON DC METROPOLITAN AREASPECIAL FLIGHT RULES AREA IN EFFECT (See SFAR 94 description in chart border).Special regulations apply to all aircraft operations belowFlight Level 180 in the Washington DC Metropolitan Area.Pilots should contact a local AFSS for NOTAM informationprior to flight in the Washington DC Metropolitan Area.
CAUTIONP-40 AND R-4009 EXPANDED BY TEMPORARY FLIGHT RESTRICTION.CONTACT AFSS FOR LATEST STATUS AND NOTAMS.
SUGGESTED VFR FLYWAY AND ALTITUDE
IFR ROUTES
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
Arrival
Departure
TRANSITION ROUTES
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
Uni-directional
Bi-directional
SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE
Only the airspace effective below 18,000 feet MSL is shown.
MILITARY TRAINING ROUTES (MTR)
AIRSPACE INFORMATION
VFR TRANSITION ROUTEATC CLEARANCE REQUIREDSEE SHOWBOAT GRAPHIC
ON SIDE PANEL
35 VFR FLYWAY PLANNING CHARTS - Aeronautical Information
SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES / AIRPORT TRAFFIC AREAS (FAR Part 93)
Appropriate boxed note as required shown adjacent to area.
MODE C (FAR 91.215)
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
AIR DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONE (ADIZ)
TERMINAL RADAR SERVICE AREA (TRSA)
MISCELLANEOUS AIRSPACE AREAS
Parachute Jumping Area
GliderOperating Area
UltralightActivity
Hang GliderActivity
AIRSPACE INFORMATION NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION
VFR CHECKPOINTS
VFR WAYPOINTS
Stand-Alone
Collocated with VFR Checkpoint
OBSTRUCTIONS
Only those obstacles specified by the FAA shall be shown.
Above Ground Level (AGL) heights are not shown.
NAVIGATIONAL DATA
’
’
’’
’’
’’
VFR FLYWAY PLANNING CHARTS - Topographic Information 36
CULTURE
RAILROADS
Single and Multiple Tracks
ROADS
Dual Lane
Primary
POPULATED PLACES
Built-up Areas
Towns
BOUNDARIES
International
POWER TRANSMISSION LINES
PROMINENT PICTORIALS
LANDMARKS
HYDROGRAPHY
SHORELINES
MAJOR LAKES AND RIVERS
RESERVOIRS
HARBOR FREEWAY110
POWER PLANT
RELIEF
Spot Elevations
Position Accurate Mountain Peaks
37 IFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS
EXPLANATION OF IFR ENROUTE TERMS AND SYMBOLS
The discussions and examples in this section will be based primarily on the IFR (Instrument Flight Rule)Enroute Low Altitude Charts. Other IFR products use similar symbols in various colors (see Section 3 of this guide).The chart legends list aeronautical symbols with a brief description of what each symbol depicts. This section willprovide a more detailed discussion of some of the symbols and how they are used on IFR charts.
NACO charts are prepared in accordance with specifications of the Interagency Air Cartographic Committee(IACC), and are approved by representatives of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Department of Defense.Some information on these charts may only apply to military pilots.
AIRPORTS
All active airports with hard-surfaced runways of3000' or longer are shown on FAA IFR Enroute Charts.All active airports with approved instrument approachprocedures are also shown regardless of runway lengthor composition. Charted airports are classified accordingto the following criteria:
Blue
– Airports with an approved Department ofDefense (DoD) Low Altitude Instrument Approach Pro-cedure and/or DoD RADAR MINIMA published inDOD FLIP (Flight Information Publication or the FAAU.S. Terminal Procedures Publication (TPP).
Green
– Airports and seaplane bases with anapproved Low Altitude Instrument Approach Proce-dure published in the FAA TPP volumes.
Brown
– Airports and seaplane bases that do nothave a published Instrument Approach Procedure.
Airports are plotted in their true geographic posi-tion unless the symbol conflicts with a radio aid to navi-gation (NAVAID) at the same location. In such cases, theairport symbol will be displaced, but the relationshipbetween the airport and the NAVAID is retained.
Airports are identified by the airport name. In thecase of military airports, the abbreviated letters AFB (AirForce Base), NAS (Naval Air Station), NAF (Naval AirFacility), MCAS (Marine Corps Air Station), AAF (Army AirField), etc., appear as part of the airport name.
Airports marked "Pvt" immediately following theairport name are not for public use, but otherwise meetthe criteria for charting as specified above.
Runway length is the length of the longest activerunway (including displaced thresholds but excludingoverruns) and is shown to the nearest 100 feet using 70feet as the division point; e.g., a runway of 8,070' islabeled 81.
The following runway compositions (materials)constitute a hard-surfaced runway: asphalt, bitumen,concrete, and tar macadam. Runways that are nothard-surfaced have a small letter "s" following the run-way length, indicating a soft surface.
A symbol following the elevation under the air-port name means that runway lights are in operationsunset to sunrise. A symbol indicates there is PilotControlled Lighting. A symbol means the lighting ispart-time or on request. The pilot should consult the Air-port/Facility Directory for light operating procedures. TheAeronautical Information Manual thoroughly explains thetypes and uses of airport lighting aids.
RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION (NAVAIDs)
All IFR radio NAVAIDs that have been flight-checked and are operational are shown on IFR enroutecharts. VHF/UHF NAVAIDs (VORs, TACANs, and UHFNDBs) are shown in black, and LF/MF NAVAIDs (Com-pass Locators and Aeronautical or Marine NDBs) areshown in brown.
MARTINSBURGEastern WV Rgnl (MRB)
Longest runway length to nearest 100 feet with 70 feet as the dividing point (add 00)s indicates soft surface
Part-time or established by NOTAM. See A/G tabulation for times of operation.In Alaska see Supplement Alaska
Airport Name
Associated City Name
1. Airport elevation given in feet above or below mean sea level.2. Pvt - Private use, not available to general public.3. A solid line box enclosing the airport name indicates FAR 93 Special Requirements- see Directory/Supplement4. "NO SVFR" above the airport name indicates FAR 91 fixed-wing special VFR flight is prohibited5. following the airport name indicates Class C or Class D Airspace.6. There is no A/G tabulation on Alaska Low Altitude Charts.7. Airport symbol may be offset for enroute navigational aids.8. Associated city names for public airports are shown above or preceding the airport name. If airport name and city name are the same, only the airport name is shown. The airport identifier in parentheses follows the airport name. City names for military and private airports are not shown.
or
AutomaticTerminal
InformationService
AirportElevation
Part-time Frequency
LOW ALTITUDE - U.S. & ALASKA
AirportIdentifier
L
L
L
IFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS 38
On enroute charts, information about NAVAIDs isboxed as illustrated below. To avoid duplication of data,when two or more NAVAIDs in a general area have thesame name, the name is usually printed only once insidean identification box with the frequencies, TACAN chan-nel numbers, identification letters, or Morse Code identi-ficat ions of the di fferent NAVAIDs a l l shown inappropriate colors. The decision to use separate or com-bined boxes is made in each case on the basis of reduc-ing chart clutter and providing clear identification of theradio navaids.
In extremely congested areas, the NAVAID boxwill contain only the 3-letter identifier, and you will find thecomplete NAVAID box in the nearest open area on thechart.
NAVAIDs which may be, or are, scheduled forsome future corrective action within the life-span of thechart shall be indicated by the note “CHECK NOTAMs”.The affected component is indicated by diagonal linesover the frequency or channel which indicates an abnor-mal status.
CONTROLLED AIRSPACE
Controlled airspace consists of those areaswhere some or all aircraft may be subjected to air trafficcontrol within the following airspace classifications of A,B, C, D, & E.
Class A Airspace
is depicted as open area(white) on the Enroute High Charts. It consists of air-space from 18,000 MSL to FL600.
Class B Airspace
is depicted as screened bluearea with a solid line encompassing the area.
Class C Airspace
is depicted as screened bluearea with a dashed line encompassing the area.
Class B and Class C Airspace
consist of con-trolled airspace extending upward from the surface or adesignated floor to specified altitudes, within which allaircraft and pilots are subject to the operating rules andrequirements specified in the Federal Aviation Regula-tions (FAR) 71. Class B and C Airspace are shown inabbreviated forms on Enroute Low Altitude charts. Ageneral note adjacent to Class B airspace refers the userto the appropriate VFR Terminal Area Chart.
Class D Airspace
(airports with an operatingcontrol tower) are depicted as open area (white) with a
following the airport name.
Class E Airspace
is depicted as open area(white) on the Enroute Low Charts. It consists of airspacebelow 18,000 MSL.
Airports within which fixed-wing special VFRflight is prohibited are shown as:
NO SVFR
AIRPORT NAME
Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCC) areestablished to provide Air Traffic Control to aircraft oper-ating on IFR flight plans within controlled airspace, par-ticularly during the enroute phase of flight. Boundaries ofthe ARTCCs are shown in their entirety using the symbolbelow. Center names are shown adjacent and parallel tothe boundary line.
ARTCC sector frequencies are shown in boxesoutlined by the same symbol.
39 IFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS
SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE
Special use airspace confines certain flight activ-ities or restricts entry, or cautions other aircraft operatingwithin specific boundaries. Special use airspace areasare depicted on aeronautical charts. Special use air-space areas are shown in their entirety, even when theyoverlap, adjoin, or when an area is designated withinanother area. The areas are identified by type and identi-fying number or name (R4001), effective altitudes, oper-ating time, weather conditions (VFR/IFR) during whichthe area is in operation, and voice call of the controllingagency, on the back or front panels of the chart. SpecialUse Airspace with a floor of 18,000' MSL or above is notshown on the Enroute Low Altitude Charts. Similarly,Special Use Airspace with a ceiling below 18,000' MSLis not shown on Enroute High Altitude Charts.
OTHER AIRSPACE
Mode C Required Airspace
(from the surface to10,000' MSL) within 30 NM radius of the primary air-port(s) for which a Class B airspace is designated, isdepicted on Enroute Low Altitude Charts. Mode C is alsodepicted within 10 NM of all airports listed in Appendix Dof FAR 91.215 and the Aeronautical Information Manual(AIM).
Mode C is required within the limits of a Class C airspaceup to 10,000' MSL.
INSTRUMENT AIRWAYS
The FAA has established two fixed route systemsfor air navigation. The VOR and LF/MF (low or mediumfrequency) system—designated from 1,200' AGL to butnot including 18,000' MSL—is shown on Low AltitudeEnroute Charts, and the Jet Route system—designatedfrom 18,000' MSL to FL 450 inclusive—is shown onHigh Altitude Enroute Charts.
VOR LF/MF AIRWAY SYSTEM (LOW ALTITUDE ENROUTE CHARTS)
In this system VOR airways—airways based onVOR or VORTAC NAVAIDs—are depicted in black andidentified by a "V" (Victor) followed by the route number(e.g., "V12"). In Alaska, some segments of low-altitudeairways are based on LF/MF navaids and are charted inbrown instead of black.
LF/MF airways—airways based on LF/MFNAVAIDs—are sometimes called "colored airways"because they are identified by color name and number(e.g., "Amber One", charted as "A1"). Green and Red air-ways are plotted east and west, and Amber and Blue air-ways are plotted north and south. Regardless of theircolor identifier, LF/MF airways are shown in brown. U.S.colored airways exist only in Alaska, those within theconterminous U.S. have been rescinded. (Note: In Mexi-can airspace on FAA charts, LF/MF airways are chartedin black).
AIRWAY/ROUTE DATA
On both series of Enroute Charts, airway/routedata such as the airway identifications, bearings or radi-als, mileages, and altitude (e.g., MEA, MOCA, MAA) areshown aligned with the airway and in the same color asthe airway.
Airways/Routes predicated on VOR or VORTACNAVAIDs are defined by the outbound radial from theNAVAID. Airways/Routes predicated on LF/MF NAVAIDsare defined by the inbound bearing.
AREA NAVIGATION (RNAV) ”T” ROUTE SYSTEM(LOW ALTITUDE ENROUTE CHARTS)
The FAA has created new low altitude area navi-gation (RNAV) routes for the en route and terminal envi-ronments. The RNAV routes will provide more directrouting for IFR aircraft and enhance the safety and effi-ciency of the National Airspace System. To utilize theseroutes aircraft will need to be equipped with IFRapproved Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). InAlaska, TSO-145a and 146a equipment is required.
Low altitude RNAV only routes are identified bythe letter “T” prefix, followed by a three digit number (T-200 to T-500). Routes are depicted in aeronautical blueon the IFR Enroute Low Altitude charts. RNAV routedata (route line, identification boxes, mileages, way-points, waypoint names, magnetic reference bearings,
3500G
V4
5500
*3500
30 310
Victor Route (with RN AV/G PS MEA shown in blue)
IFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS 40
and MEAs) will also be printed in aeronautical blue.Magnetic reference bearings will be shown originatingfrom a waypoint, fix/reporting point or NAVAID. A GNSSminimum IFR en route altitude (MEA) for each segmentwill be established to ensure obstacle clearance andcommunications reception. MEAs will be identified witha “G” suffix..
Joint Victor/RNAV routes will be charted as out-lined above except as noted. The joint Victor route andthe RNAV route identification box shall be shown adja-cent to each other. Magnetic reference bearings will notbe shown. MEAs will be stacked in pairs or in two sepa-rate columns, GNSS and Victor. On joint routes, RNAVspecific information will be printed in blue.
OFF ROUTE OBSTRUCTION CLEARANCE ALTI-TUDE (OROCA)
The Off Route Obstruction Clearance Altitude(OROCA) is represented in thousands and hundreds offeet above mean sea level. The OROCA represents thehighest possible elevation including both terrain andother vertical obstructions (towers, trees., etc.) boundedby the ticked lines of latitude and longitude. In this exam-ple the OROCA represents 12,500 feet.
OROCA is computed just as the Maximum Ele-vation Figure (MEF) found on Visual charts except that itprovides an additional vertical buffer of 1,000 feet in des-ignated non-mountainous areas and a 2,000 foot verticalbuffer in designated mountainous areas within the UnitedStates. Unlike a MEF, when determining an OROCA thearea 4 NM around each quadrant is analyzed forobstructions. Evaluating the area around the quadrantprovides the chart user the same lateral clearance an air-way provides should the line of intended flight follow aticked line of latitude or longitude. OROCA does not pro-vide for NAVAID signal coverage, communication cover-age and would not be consistent with altitudes assigned
by Air Traffic Control. OROCAs can be found over all landmasses and open water areas containing man-madeobstructions (such as oil rigs). OROCAs are shown inevery 30 x 30 minute quadrant on Area Charts, everyone degree by one degree quadrant for U.S. Low Alti-tude Enroute Charts and every two degree by twodegree quadrant on Alaska Low Enroute Charts.
MILITARY TRAINING ROUTES (MTRs)
Military Training Routes (MTRs) are routes estab-lished for the conduct of low-altitude, highspeed militaryflight training (generally below 10,000 feet MSL at air-speeds in excess of 250 knots IAS). These routes aredepicted in brown on Enroute Low Altitude Charts, andare not shown on inset charts or on IFR Enroute HighAltitude Charts. Enroute Low Altitude Charts depict all IR(IFR Military Training Route) and VR (VFR Military TrainingRoute) routes, except those VRs that are entirely at orbelow 1500 feet AGL.
Military Training Routes are identified by designa-tors (IR-107, VR-134) which are shown in brown on theroute centerline. Arrows indicate the direction of flightalong the route. The width of the route determines thewidth of the line that is plotted on the chart:
Route segments with a width of 5 NM or less,both sides of the centerline, are shown by a .02"line.
Route segments with a width greater than 5 NM,either or both sides of the centerline, are shown by a.035" line.
JET ROUTE SYSTEM (HIGH ALTITUDE EN-ROUTE CHARTS)
Jet routes are based on VOR or VORTACnavaids, and are depicted in black with a "J" identifier fol-lowed by the route number (e.g., "J12"). In Alaska, somesegments of jet routes are based on LF/MF navaids andare shown in brown instead of black.
AREA NAVIGATION (RNAV) ”Q” ROUTE SYS-TEM (HIGH ALTITUDE ENROUTE CHARTS)
The FAA has adopted certain amendments toTitle 14, Code of Federal Regulations which paved theway for the development of new area navigation (RNAV)routes in the U.S. National Airspace System (NAS).These amendments enable the FAA to take advantage oftechnological advancements in navigation systems suchas the Global Positioning System (GPS). RNAV “Q”Route MEAs are shown when other than 18,000’. MEAsfor GNSS RNAV aircraft are identified with a “G” suffix.
NGOZIGRANT
T270T270
087268
70
5000G 088
67
54006000G
269
MagneticReferenceBearing
Waypoint
VAL100008000G6700
100007000G67007000G
4400T228 V333333
10 10
BILLY TOMMY YATESJES
1094940
332
41 IFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS
MEAs for DME/DME/IRU RNAV aircraft do not have a“G” suffix.. RNAV routes and associated data are charted
in aeronautical blue. Magnetic reference bearings areshown originating from a waypoint, fix/reporting point, orNAVAID. Joint Jet/RNAV route identification boxes will belocated adjacent to each other with the route charted inblack. With the exception of Q-Routes in the Gulf ofMexico, GNSS or DME/DME/IRU RNAV are required,unless otherwise indicated. Radar monitoring is required.DME/DME/IRU RNAV aircraft should refer to the A/FD forDME information. Altitude values are stacked highest tolowest.
TERRAIN CONTOURS ON AREA CHARTS
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)recently recommended that terrain be added to AreaCharts to increase pilots’ situational awareness of terrainin the terminal area and to increase the safety of flight.When the terrain on an Area Chart rises at least 1000’above the airport elevation, terrain will be depicted inshades of brown. The initial contour value (lowest eleva-tion) depicted will be at least 1000’, but no more than2000’ above the airport elevation. The initial contourvalue may be less than 1000’ only if needed to depict arise in terrain close to the airport. Subsequent contourvalues will be depicted at a whole 1000’ increment(2000’/4000’, etc., NOT 2500’/4500’, etc.). The follow-ing Area Charts are affected: Anchorage, Denver, Fair-banks, Juneau, Los Angeles, Phoenix, Prudhoe Bay, SanFrancisco and Vancouver.
The following boxed notes are added to affectedArea Charts as necessary:
MagneticReferenceBearing
RNAV Route
MEA - 23000G
Q7
300
Waypoint
154
MEA - 23000G
J12
MEA - 27000
300Q7
Joint Jet/RNAV Route
N O TE: TERRAIN C O N TO URS HAVE BEEN ADDED TO THO SE AREA C HARTS WHERE THE TERRAIN O N THE C HART IS 1000 FO O T O R G REATER THAN THE ELEVATIO N O F THE PRIMARY AIRPO RT
UN C O N TRO LLED AIRSPAC E BO UN DARIES ARE DEPIC TED WITH A SO LID BRO WN LIN E AN D A .125" WIDE SHADED BRO WN BAN D. THE SHADED SIDE REPRSEN TS THE UN C O N TRO LLED SIDE
42
IFR AERONAUTICAL CHART SYMBOLS
IFR Enroute Low/High Altitude (U.S. & Alaska Charts)AIRPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44AIRSPACE INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48CULTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49HYDROGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49TOPOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Oceanic Route ChartsNorth Atlantic and North Pacific Route Charts
AIRPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50AIRSPACE INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51CULTURAL BOUNDARIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51HYDROGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
GENERAL INFORMATIONSymbols shown are for the Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Enroute Low and High Altitude Charts.
43 IFR ENROUTE LOW/HIGH ALTITUDE U.S. & ALASKA CHARTS
AIRPORTS
AIRPORT DATAIFR ENROUTE LOW/HIGH ALTITUDE CHARTSAERONAUTICAL INFORMATION
AIRPORT DATA DEPICTION
LOW/HIGH ALTITUDE
Airports/Seaplane bases shown in BLUE and GREEN have an approved Instrument Approach Procedure published. Those in BLUE have an approved DoD Instrument Approach Procedure and/or DoD RADAR MINIMA published in DoD FLIPS or FAA TPP. Airports/Seaplane bases shown in BROWN do not have a published Instrument Approach Procedure.
All IAP Airports are shown on the Low Altituide Charts.
Non-IAP Airports shown on the U.S. Low Altitude Charts have a minimum hard surface runway of 3000'.
Non-IAP Airports shown on the Alaska Low Altitude Charts have a minimum hard or soft surface runway of 3000'.
Airports shown on the U.S. High Altitude Charts have a minimum hard surface runway of 5000'.
Airports shown on the Alaska High Altitude Charts have a minimum hard or soft surface runway of 4000'.
Associated city names for public airports are shown above or preceding the airport name. If airport name and city name are the same, only the airport name is shown. City names for military and private airports are not shown.
The airport identifier in parentheses follows the airport name or Pvt.
Airport symbol may be offset for enroute navigational aids.
Pvt - Private Use
MARTINSBURGEastern WV Rgnl (MRB)
Longest runway length to nearest 100 feet with 70 feet as the dividing point (add 00)s indicates soft surface
Part-time or established by NOTAM. See A/G tabulation for times of operation.In Alaska see Supplement Alaska
Airport Name
Associated City Name
1. Airport elevation given in feet above or below mean sea level.2. Pvt - Private use, not available to general public.3. A solid line box enclosing the airport name indicates FAR 93 Special Requirements- see Directory/Supplement4. "NO SVFR" above the airport name indicates FAR 91 fixed-wing special VFR flight is prohibited5. following the airport name indicates Class C or Class D Airspace.6. There is no A/G tabulation on Alaska Low Altitude Charts.7. Airport symbol may be offset for enroute navigational aids.8. Associated city names for public airports are shown above or preceding the airport name. If airport name and city name are the same, only the airport name is shown. The airport identifier in parentheses follows the airport name. City names for military and private airports are not shown.
or
AutomaticTerminal
InformationService
AirportElevation
Part-time Frequency
LOW ALTITUDE - U.S. & ALASKA
AirportIdentifier
Joe Foss Fld (FSD)SIO UX C ITY
Airport N a me
Associa ted C ity N a me
HIG H ALTITUDE - U.S.Airport
Identifier
Edwa rd G Pitka Sr (G AL)
G ALEN A
15 72s
Longest runwa y length to nea rest 100 feet with 70 feet a s the dividing point (a dd 00)s indica tes soft
Airport N a me
Associa ted C ity N a me
AirportEleva tion
HIGH ALTITUDE - ALASKA
AirportIdentifier
CIVIL
CIVIL AND MILITARY
MILITARY
SEAPLANE - CIVIL
HELIPORT
AIRPORTS
IFR ENROUTE LOW/HIGH ALTITUDE U.S. & ALASKA CHARTS 44
RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION
VHF OMNIDIRECTIONAL RADIO RANGE (VOR)
DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT (DME)
TACTICAL AIR NAVIGATION (TACAN)
NON-DIRECTIONAL RADIO BEACON (NDB)
MARINE RADIO BEACON (RBN)
COMPASS LOCATOR BEACON
ILS LOCALIZER
VOR/DME RNAVWAYPOINT DATA
RNAVWAYPOINT
NAVIGATION and COMMUNICATION BOXES
RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION
45 IFR ENROUTE LOW/HIGH ALTITUDE U.S. & ALASKA CHARTS
AIRSPACE INFORMATION
LOW ALTITUDE AIRWAYS
HIGH ALTITUDE ROUTES
SINGLE DIRECTION ROUTES
DIRECTION OF FLIGHT INDICATOR
SUBSTITUTE ROUTE
UNUSABLE ROUTE
BY-PASS ROUTE
AIRWAY RESTRICTION
V4 J4
VHF / UHF Data is depited in BlackLF / MF Data is depicted in BrownRNAV Route data is depicted in Blue
T000Low Altitude RNAV RouteGNSS Required
VOR Airway /Jet Route
LF /MF Airway
Uncontrolled LF MFAirway
Oceanic Route
ATS Route
LOW/HIGH ALTITUDE
HIGH ALTITUDE
RNAV Route
MagneticReferenceBearingMEA - 23000G
Q7
300
Waypoint
154
MEA - 23000G
J12
MEA - 27000
300Q7
Joint Jet/RNAV Route
V 193
1000-0600Z
Q11
1300-0600Z
Other times routes revert to bi-directional
V4
MILITARY TRAINING ROUTES (MTR)
FIXES/ATC REPORT-ING REQUIREMENTS
TACTICAL AIR NAVIGATION (TACAN)FIX - ALASKA
RADIALS ANDBEARINGS
All radials and bearings are magnetic
FACILITYLOCATORS
MILEAGES
All Mileages are Nautical (NM)
DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT (DME) FIX
AIRSPACE INFORMATION
LOW/HIGH ALTITUDE
Fix-Compulsory Position Report
Coordinates are shown for compulsory, offshore and holding fixes
Fix-Non-Compulsory Position Report
Off-set arrows indicate facility forming a fix (airway away from VHF/UHF, toward LF/MF NAVAID)
RNAV Waypoint Compulsory Report
RNAV Waypoint Non-Compulsory Report
(RCRCP)
Mileage Breakdown or Computer Navigation Fix (CNF)(no ATC function)
Five-letter identifier in parenthesis indicates CNF with no ATC function
Total Mileage between Compulsory Reporting Points and/or NAVAIDs
Mileage between other Fixes, NAVAIDs and/or Mileage Breakdown
IFR ENROUTE LOW/HIGH ALTITUDE U.S. & ALASKA CHARTS 46
MINIMUM ENROUTE ALTITUDE (MEA)
All Altitudes Are MSL Unless Otherwise Noted
MINIMUMENROUTEALTITUDE (MEA) GAP
MAXIMUM AUTHORIZED ALTITUDE (MAA)
All Altitudes Are MSL Unless Otherwise Noted
MINIMUMOBSTRUCTION CLEARANCE ALTITUDE (MOCA)
All Altitudes Are MSL Unless Otherwise Noted
CHANGEOVER POINT
ALTITUDE CHANGE
MINIMUM CROSSING ALTITUDE (MCA)
MINIMUM RECEPTION ALTITUDE (MRA)
HOLDING PATTERNS
AIRSPACE INFORMATION
V4
V4
3000GRN AV/G PS MEA3500
55003500
3500
55003500
A0
A0
J4
V4
MEA is established when there is a gap in navigation signal coverage
V4
J4
5500*3500
5500*3500
V4
7000G
T266
112
*6300
T2447400SE
NEHER DIGGS
GRANTV6 4000SW V6 4000SW
COPEL SHIMY
V4
AIR DEFENSEIDENTIFICATION ZONE (ADIZ)
AIRROUTE TRAFFICCONTROL CENTER (ARTCC)
AIR TRAFFICSERVICEIDENTIFICATION DATA
ALTIMETERSETTING CHANGE
FLIGHT INFORMATION REGIONS (FIR)
CONTROL AREAS (CTA)
UPPERINFORMATION REGIONS (UIR)
UPPERCONTROL AREAS (UTA)
ADDITIONAL CONTROL AREAS
AIRSPACE INFORMATION
47 IFR ENROUTE LOW/HIGH ALTITUDE U.S. & ALASKA CHARTS
OFF ROUTEOBSTRUCTIONCLEARANCEALTITUDE(OROCA)
SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE
SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE Continued
AIRSPACE INFORMATION
O RO C A is computed similarly to the Maximun Elevation Figure (MEF) found on Visual charts except that it provides an additional vertica l buffer of 1 ,000 feet in designated non-mountainous areas and a 2,000 foot vertica l buffer in designated mountainous areas within the United States.
P - Prohibited AreaR - Restricted AreaW - Warning Area
Low OnlyA - Alert Area
Canada OnlyCYR - Restricted AreaCYD - Danger AreaCYA - Advisory Area
Caribbean OnlyD - Danger Area
In the Caribbean, the first 2 letters represent the country code, i.e. MY: Bahamas, MU: Cuba
EXCLUSION AREA AND NOTE
Internal lines delimit separation of the same Special Use Areas or Exclusion Areas
SEE AIRSPACE TABULATION ON EACH CHART FOR COMPLETE INFORMATION ON:
AREA IDENTIFICATIONEFFECTIVE ALTITUDEOPERATING TIMECONTROLLING AGENCY VOICE CALL
CONTROLLED AIRSPACE
AIRSPACE INFORMATION
IFR ENROUTE LOW/HIGH ALTITUDE U.S. & ALASKA CHARTS 48
CONTROLLED AIRSPACE
CONTROLLED AIRSPACECanada Only
UNCONTROLLED AIRSPACE
CANADIAN AIRSPACE
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
AIRSPACE OUTSIDE OF U.S.
Other than Canada
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
AIRSPACE INFORMATION
NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION
ISOGONIC LINE AND VALUE
TIME ZONE
ENLARGEMENT AREA
MATCH MARK
49 IFR ENROUTE LOW/HIGH ALTITUDE U.S. & ALASKA CHARTS
CRUISING ALTITUDES U.S. only
NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION
NOTES
MORSE CODE
CULTURE
BOUNDARIESCULTURE & HYDROGRAPHY
International
U.S. /Russia Maritime Line
Date Line
HYDROGRAPHY
SHORELINE
TOPOGRAPHY
TERRAIN
Area Charts
NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION
OCEANIC ROUTE CHARTS - Aeronautical Information 50
AIRPORTS
AIRPORT DATA
LANDPLANE-CIVILRefueling and repair facilities for normal traffic.
LANDPLANE-CIVIL AND MILITARYRefueling and repair facilities for normaltraffic.
LANDPLANE-MILITARYRefueling and repair facilities for normaltraffic.
RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION
VHF OMNIDIRECTIONAL RADIO RANGE (VOR)
DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT (DME)
TACTICAL AIR NAVIGATION (TACAN)
NON-DIRECTIONAL RADIO BEACON (NDB)
DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT (DME)
IDENTIFICATION BOXOCEANIC ROUTE CHARTS
AIRSPACE INFORMATION
AIR TRAFFIC SER-VICE (ATS) OCEANIC ROUTES
Note: Mileages are Nautical (NM)
ATS SINGLE DIREC-TION ROUTE
AERIAL REFUELING TRACKS
AIR DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONE (ADIZ)
AIR ROUTE TRAFFIC CONTROL CENTER (ARTCC)
FLIGHT INFORMATION REGIONS (FIR) and/or (CTA)
UPPER INFORMATION REGIONS (UIR)
UPPER CONTROLAREAS (UTA)
OCEANIC CONTROL AREAS (OCA)and /or (CTA /FIR)
ADDITIONAL OCEANIC CONTROL AREAS
Note: Limits notshown when coinci-dent with Warning Areas.
BUFFER ZONE
NON-FREE FLYING ZONE
NORTH ATLANTIC / MINIMUM NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS (NAT/MNPS)
REPORTING POINTS
SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE
Warning Area
Special Use
12 Mile Limit
UNCONTROLLED AIRSPACE
AIRSPACE INFORMATION
51 OCEANIC ROUTE CHARTS - Aeronautical Information
NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION
MILEAGE CIRCLES
Note: Mileages are Nautical (NM)
Time ZoneNote: All time isCoordinated Uni-versal (Standard) Time (UTC)
Overlap Marks
NPRC Only
COMPASS ROSE
Note: Compass Roses oriented to Magnetic North
NOTES
WARNING
CULTURAL BOUNDARIES
INTERNATIONAL
MARITIME
DATE LINE
HYDROGRAPHY
SHORELINES