verna fdm norsee

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Date:

Federal AviationAdministrationFlight Data

Monitoring Systems and Non-Required Safety Enhancing Equipment

Brian Verna, Avionic Systems Branch (AIR-130), Washington, D.C.

June 24, 2009

2009 HEMS Conference

2Federal AviationAdministration

FDM Systems and NORSEE

Date – June 24, 2009

Acronyms and Definitions

• Advisory Circular (AC)• Aircraft Logging and Event Recording for Training and

Safety (ALERTS)• Cockpit Image Recorder (CIR)• Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR)• Digital Flight Data Recorder (DFDR)• Flight Data Monitoring (FDM)• National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)• Non-Required Safety Enhancing Equipment (NORSEE)• United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority (UKCAA)




Presentation Overview

• FAA and Industry Activity Review

• Summary of NTSB Recommendations

• Aircraft Recorder Requirements

• Data Collection Technologies

• NORSEE

• Policy and Guidance




FAA and Industry Activity Review

• FAA / NTSB proof of concept test findings, February 17, 2006

• UKCAA Research project CAP 762 findings, November 10, 2006

• Eurocopter and Bell FDM installations being developed

• POC FAERITO TSOA-C176 February 27, 2009 and S-76 STC December 30, 2008

• EUROCAE WG-77, ED-155, June 30, 2009




Summary of NTSB RecommendationsNTSB Recommendation FAA Status NTSB

StatusCrash-resistant flight recorder system forward- fit in commercial aircraft without FDR (A-09-09) Gap Aircraft.

Under evaluation

OUA

Crash-resistant flight recorder system retro-fit in commercial aircraft without CVR (A-09-10)Gap Aircraft.

Under evaluation

OUA

Crash-resistant flight recorder system retro-fit in commercial aircraft without FDR (A-09-11)Gap Aircraft.

Under evaluation

OUA




Part 91 Part 135

Aircraft Recorder Requirements

Part 121

Large Transport Aircraft

Piston Engine

Multi-Engine Turbine

Powered Aircraft (>10 seats)

Turbine

Powered Aircraft (<10 seat)

FDR & CVR

Required

No Recorders Required




Data Collection Technologies – Cost (sheet 1 of 8)

< $10K $10K to $20K > $20K

GA Low-cost FDM System

Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR)

Flight Data Recorder (FDR)

Cockpit Image Recorder (CIR)(Low end)

Cockpit Image Recorder (CIR)(High End)

Combined Recorder (FDR, CVR, CIR, DLC)




• A low-cost, non-intrusive alternative/supplement to FDR

• Records instruments, outside view of cockpit, control inputs, and lever adjustments.

• Ideal for all aircraft models by eliminating the need for expensive and intrusive sensor installations

Data Collection Technologies – Flight Data Monitoring Systems (sheet 2 of 8)




Data Collection Technologies – Advantages of FDM Systems (sheet 3 of 8)

• Small size• Relatively inexpensive• GPS time/location stamp• Audio sensor for acoustic analysis• Flight Operations Quality Assurance (FOQA)• Provision of new tools for flight training• Provision of new information for incident analysis• Provision of new information for accident

investigation




Data Collection Technologies – Camera and Appareo Vision 1000 (sheet 4 of 8)




Data Collection Technologies – Camera Installation (sheet 5 of 8)




Data Collection Technologies – Appareo Vision 1000 Installation (sheet 6 of 8)




Data Collection Technologies – Appareo GAU 2000 (sheet 7 of 8)

• The GAU 2000 is a lightweight and low- cost data recorder designed to be mounted in legacy fixed and rotary wing aircraft.

• Records motion data through the use of various sensors, including accelerometers, gyros, magnetic and pressure sensors and a 16 channel WAAS-enabled GPS module.

• The data produced by these sensors is recorded onto both a removable SD memory card and a crash-hardened internal memory module.




Data Collection Technologies – Physical Optics FAERITOTM

(sheet 8 of 8)




Discussion Questions

• What type of data would provide the most benefit to you?– Data easiest to obtain versus data requiring

additional sensors, wiring, connectors, etc.• What benefits do you receive from an FDM

installation?– Costs of associated equipment, engineering, and

labor with installation in legacy models versus installation of newer production models.




Non-Required Safety Enhancing Equipment Installations




Outline• What is Non-Required Safety Enhancing

Equipment?

• Two Categories of Safety Enhancing Equipment – No Hazard– Possibly Hazardous Misleading

• Policy and Guidance




What is Non-Required Safety Enhancing Equipment (NORSEE)• Equipment that is not required by

– Rotorcraft Airworthiness Rules: Parts 27 and 29– Operating Rules: Parts 91 and 135

• Has some safety benefit– FDM Systems, Cockpit Image Recorders

• Does not include modifications/enhancements to required equipment such as– Primary flight displays and navigation displays in the

pilot’s primary field of view




Two Categories

• No Hazard

• Possibly Hazardous Misleading




No Hazard• Equipment poses no hazard to the aircraft,

crew or passengers– Loss of the equipment/function– Equipment malfunction

• Equipment does not pose a hazard to other aircraft or personnel on the ground

• No need for software and complex electronic hardware design assurance (e.g. Level B)




Possibly Hazardous Misleading

• Misleading information hazard categorized– Cockpit displays, annunciators, and aural alerts – Fault tree for misleading failure condition– Design assurance levels should be commensurate with the

misleading hazard classification• Not for Loss of Function• Will determine software and complex electronic hardware level

• Equipment performance verified in operational environments

• Operational limitations and placards may be required




Installation Assessment

• System safety and environmental assessment– To identify and categorize any potential

hazards – To limit the scope of the certification and the

environmental, ground and flight testing




Policy and Guidance – FAA (sheet 1 of 2)

• CY2009 Rotorcraft Directorate to publish NORSEE AC material for AC27-1B and AC29-2C– System Safety Assessment – DO-160 environmental testing – Structural installation– Electrical installation– Electromagnetic Compatibility– COTS configuration control

• Recognizes RTCA DO-313 “Certification Guidance For Installation Of Non-Essential, Non-Required Aircraft Cabin Systems & Equipment”




Policy and Guidance – Industry (sheet 2 of 2)

• EUROCAE WG-77 Objective: Define the minimum operational performance specification (ED-155) to be met for small aircraft that may be required to carry lightweight flight recorders that may record– Flight data,– Cockpit audio,– Cockpit images, and– Datalink communication,

in a robust recording medium primarily for the purposes of the investigation of an accident or incident

• Completion of work: mid 2009




Questions & Wrap-Up

Contact Information:Maurice (Mac) Cookson, HQ

Email: [email protected]

Brian Verna, HQ


John Strasburger, RD


mailto:[email protected]






BACK-UP SLIDES




NTSB Recommendation A-09-09Require the installation of a crash-resistant flight recorder system on all newly manufactured turbine-powered, nonexperimental, nonrestricted-category aircraft that are not equipped with a flight data recorder and are operating under 14 Code of Federal Regulations Parts 91, 121, or 135. The crash- resistant flight recorder system should record cockpit audio (if a cockpit voice recorder is not installed), a view of the cockpit environment to include as much of the outside view as possible, and parametric data per aircraft and system installation, all to be specified in European Organization for Civil Aviation Equipment document ED-155, “Minimum Operational Performance Specification for Lightweight Flight Recorder Systems,” when the document is finalized and issued. (A-09- 09) (Supersedes Safety Recommendation A-03-62)




NTSB Recommendation A-09-10Require all existing turbine-powered, nonexperimental, nonrestricted-category aircraft that are not equipped with a cockpit voice recorder and are operating under 14 Code of Federal Regulations Parts 91, 121, or 135 to be retrofitted with a crash-resistant flight recorder system. The crash-resistant flight recorder system should record cockpit audio, a view of the cockpit environment to include as much of the outside view as possible, and parametric data per aircraft and system installation, all to be specified in European Organization for Civil Aviation Equipment document ED-155, “Minimum Operational Performance Specification for Lightweight Flight Recorder Systems,” when the document is finalized and issued. (A-09- 10) (Supersedes Safety Recommendation A-03-64)




NTSB Recommendation A-09-11Require all existing turbine-powered, nonexperimental, nonrestricted-category aircraft that are not equipped with a flight data recorder and are operating under 14 Code of Federal Regulations Parts 91, 121, or 135 to be retrofitted with a crash- resistant flight recorder system. The crash-resistant flight recorder system should record cockpit audio (if a cockpit voice recorder is not installed), a view of the cockpit environment to include as much of the outside view as possible, and parametric data per aircraft and system installation, all to be specified in European Organization for Civil Aviation Equipment document ED-155, “Minimum Operational Performance Specification for Lightweight Flight Recorder Systems,” when the document is finalized and issued. (A-09-11) (Supersedes Safety Recommendation A-03-65)




Aircraft NOT equipped with an FDR (sheet 1 of 2)

• Part 91– Non turbine powered aircraft– Single engine turbine powered aircraft– < 10 passenger seats– Manufactured before 1991

• Part 121– Convair 580, 600, 640, de Havilland DHC-7, Fairchild FH227,

Fokker F-27 (except Mark 50), F28, Mark 1000 & 4000, Gulfstream G-159, Lockheed E10-A, E10-B, E10-E, Maryland Ind. F-27, Mitsubishi YS-11, Shorts SD330, SD360

– Non transport category < 10 passenger seats




Aircraft NOT equipped with an FDR (sheet 2 of 2)

• Part 125– Single engine turbine powered manufactured before 1997– Non transport category < 10 passenger seats– Convair 580, 600, 640, de Havilland DHC-7, Fairchild FH227, Fokker

F-27 (except Mark 50), F28, Mark 1000 & 4000, Gulfstream G-159, Lockheed E10-A, E10-B, E10-E, Maryland Ind. F-27, Mitsubishi YS- 11, Shorts SD330, SD360

• Part 135– Non turbine powered aircraft– Single engine turbine powered aircraft– Bell 212, Bell 214ST, Bell 412, Bell 412SP, Boeing Chinook (BV–234),

Boeing/Kawasaki Vertol 107 (BV/KV–107–II), deHavilland DHC–6, Eurocopter Puma 330J, Sikorsky 58, Sikorsky 61N, Sikorsky 76A. Manufactured before 1997.

– Non-US registered, added to US Ops Spec before 10/11/1991.– Airplane or rotorcraft with less than 20 passenger seats manufactured

before 2000.




Aircraft NOT equipped with a CVR• Part 91

– Non U.S. registered aircraft.– Non turbine powered aircraft– Single engine turbine

powered aircraft– Multi-engine, turbine powered

aircraft < 6 passenger seats. – Aircraft where a single pilot is

allowed per operating rules• Part 121

– Turbine powered airplane < 10 passenger seats

– Large pressurized airplanes with < 4 reciprocating engines

• Part 125– Small turbine powered airplane– Large pressurized airplanes with

< 4 reciprocating engines • Part 135

– Non turbine powered aircraft– Single engine turbine powered

aircraft < 20 passenger seats– Multi-engine, turbine powered

aircraft with < 6 passenger seats– Single pilot allowed per operating

rules on aircraft with < 20 passenger seats

verna fdm norsee

Documents

commercial aircraft

gap aircraft

aircraft models

seatsturbine powered

avionic systems branch

view of cockpit

presentation overview

bell fdm installations