veritas storage foundation 5.0 for linux - fundamentals

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VERITAS Storage Foundation5.0 for UNIX: Fundamentals

100002353A

COURSE DEVELOPERS

Gail Ade~

BilJ,(eGerrits

lECHNICALCONTRIBUTORS ANDREVIEWERS

Jade ArrinJ,(lolI

:\Iargy Cassid~

Ro~' FreemanJoe Gallagher

Bruce Garner

Tomer G urantz

Bill Havev

Geue Henriksen

Gerald Jackson

Haymond KarnsBill Lehman

Boh l.ucas

Durivunc Manikhung

Chr'istlan Rahanus

Dan RugersKleher SaldanhaAlbrecht Scriba"liehe! Simoni

Anaudu Sirisena

Pete 'Iuemmes

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tLRIT-l.')' ::';/orugc FOflllllulion 5.0 /iw [,i;V/.\': Fundamentals

Symnnrec Corporation~03305te\ ens Creek 81\U.Cupertino. CA ()SOI4

Table of Contents

Course IntroductionWhat Is Storage Virtualization?.Introducing VERITAS Storage FoundationVERITAS Storage Foundation Curriculum ..

Lesson 1: Virtual ObjectsPhysical Data StorageVirtual Data StorageVolume Manager Storage ObjectsVolume Manager RAID Levels ..

Lesson 2: Installation and InterfacesInstallation Prerequisites .Adding License Keys.. . .VERITAS Software Packages ..Installing Storage Foundation.Storage Foundation User Interfaces.Managing the VEA Software

Lesson 3: Creating a Volume and File SystemPreparing Disks and Disk Groups for Volume CreationCreating a Volume .Adding a File System to a VolumeDisplaying Volume Configuration Information ...Displaying Disk and Disk Group InformationRemoving Volumes, Disks, and Disk Groups

Lesson 4: Selecting Volume LayoutsComparing Volume Layouts .....Creating Volumes with Various Layouts.Creating a Layered Volume .Allocating Storage for Volumes .

Lesson 5: Making Basic Configuration ChangesAdministering Mirrored Volumes .Resizing a Volume .Moving Data Between SystemsRenaming Disks and Disk GroupsManaging Old Disk Group Versions ..

Table of ContentsCopyrigtlt ,( 2006 Svmantec Corporation All rights reserved

Intro-2Intro-6

Intro-11

1-31-101-131-15

2-3.... 2-5. 2-72-102-162-21

...... 3-33-123183-213-243-30

. 4-3. 4-94-18

.425

5-35-105-165-215-23

Lesson 6: Administering File SystemsComparing the Allocation Policies of VxFS and Traditional File Systems 6-3Using VERITAS File System Commands 6-5Controlling File System Fragmentation 6-9Logging in VxFS , 6-15

Lesson 7: Resolving Hardware ProblemsHow Does VxVM Interpret Failures in Hardware 7-3Recovering Disabled Disk Groups "" , 7-8Resolving Disk Failures ,.., , 7-12Managing Hot Relocation at the Host Level , ,... 7-22

Appendix A: Lab ExercisesLab 1: Introducing the Lab Environment , A-3Lab 2: Installation and Interfaces ,..,.., A-7Lab 3: Creating a Volume and File System ,..,.., , A-15Lab 4: Selecting Volume Layouts , A-21Lab 5: Making Basic Configuration Changes , , A-29Lab 6: Administering File Systems...... .. ,.., A-37Lab 7: Resolving Hardware Problems.. .. .., ,.., A-47

Appendix B: Lab SolutionsLab 1 Solutions: Introducing the Lab Environment ,.., B-3Lab 2 Solutions: Installation and Interfaces , , , B-7Lab 3 Solutions: Creating a Volume and File System , ,.. , B-21Lab 4 Solutions: Selecting Volume Layouts ,.., B-33Lab 5 Solutions: Making Basic Configuration Changes ,.." B-47Lab 6 Solutions: Administering File Systems , " B-67Lab 7 Solutions: Resolving Hardware Problems " "...................... B-85

Glossary

Index

VERITAS Storage Foundation 5.0 for UNIX: FundamentalsCopyngt1t

Course Introduction

Storage Management IssuesHuman Resource E-mail

Database ServerCustomer Order

Database

90% F

symantec

10% 50% Full _

Multiple-vendor hardwareExplosive data growthDifferent application needsManagement pressure toincrease efficiency

I' Multiple operating systemsr , Rapid change

Budgetary constraints

Problem: Customerorder database cannotaccess unutilizedstorage.

Common solution: Addmore storage.

What Is Storage Virtualization?

Storage Management Issues

Storage management is becoming increasingly complex due to:

Storage hardware from multiple vendors

Unprecedented data growth

Dissimilar applications with different storage resource needsManagement pressure to increase efficiency

Multiple operating systems

Rapidly changing business climates

Budgetary and cost-control constraints

To create a truly efficient environment. administrators must have the tools toskillfully manage large, complex, and heterogeneous environments. Storagevirtualization helps businesses to simplify the complex IT storage environmentand gain control of capital and operating costs by providing consistent andautomated management of storage.

Intro-2 VERITAS Storage Foundation 5.0 for UNIX. FundamentalsCopynyht r; 2006 Svmantec coroorauoo All ngllts reserved

,S}lnamcc.

What Is Storage Virtualization?.MimkM4Consumer& m' 'f

$ AVirtualizatlon:The logicalrepresentation ofphysical storageacross the entireenterprise

ConsumerfIiIiiIrIIi"m''fl

ConsumersliildeM"

Application requirements from storage

Application Throughput Failurerequirements Responsiveness resistance

Growth otential Recovery time

Ca acit Performance Availabilit

Disk size Disk seek time MTBF Number of disks! Cache hit rate Pathpath redundanc

Physical aspects of storage

Physical Storage Resources

Defining Storage Virtualization

Storage virtualization is the process of taking multiple physical storage devicesand combining them into logical (virtual) storage devices that are presented to theoperating system. applications. and users. Storage virtualization builds a layer ofabstraction above the physical storage so that data is not restricted to specifichardware devices. creating a Ilexible storage environment. Storage virtualizationsimplifies management of storage and potentially reduces cost through improvedhardware utilization and consolidation.

With storage virtualization. the physical aspects of storage arc masked to users.Administrators can concentrate less on physical aspects of storage and more ondelivering access to necessary data.

Benefits of storage virtualization include:Greater IT productivity through the automation of manual tasks and simplifiedadministration of heterogeneous environmentsIncreased application return on investment through improved throughput andincreased uptimeLower hardware costs through the optimized use of hardware resources

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Intro-3Course Introduction

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Storage Virtualization: Types

Storage-BasedJfIfIJ'AIiI'AY

Servers

Host-BasedAiIII1'

Server

Network-BasedAYAYAY

Servers

Storage~j,~

Storage~s.,",

Storage

Most companies use a combination of these threetypes of storage virtualization to support their chosenarchitectures and application requirements.

How Is Storage Virtualization Used in Your Environment?

The way in which you use storage virtuulization. and the benefits derived fromstorage virtualization. depend on the nature of your IT infrastructure and yourspecific application requirements. Three main types of storage virtualization usedtoday arc:

Storage-basedHost-basedNetwork-based

Most companies use a combination of these three types of storage virtualizationsolutions to support their chosen architecture and application needs.

The type of storage virtualization that you use depends on factors. such as the:Heterogeneity of deployed enterprise storage arraysNeed for applications to access data contained in multiple storage devicesImportance of uptime when replacing or upgrading storageNeed for multiple hosts to access data within a single storage deviceValue of the maturity of technologyInvestments in a SAN architectureLevel of security requiredLevel of scalability needed

Inlro-4

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VERITAS Storage Foundation 5.0 for UNIX: Fundamentals

Storage-Based Storage Virtualization

Storage-basedstorage virtualization refers to disks within an individual array thatare presented virtually to multiple servers. Storage is virtualized by the array itselfFor example. RAID arrays virtualize the individual disks (that are contained withinthe array) into logical LUNS. which are accessed by host operating systems usingthe same method of addressing as a directly-attached physical disk.

This type of storage virtualization is useful under these conditions:You need to have data in an array accessible to servers of di fferent operatingsystems.All of a server's data needs are met by storage contained in the physical box.You are not concerned about disruption to data access when replacing orupgrading the storage.

The main limitation to this type of storage virtualization is that data cannot beshared between arrays. creating islands of storage that must be managed.

Host-Based Storage Virtualization

Host-basedstorage virtualization refers to disks within multiple arrays and frommultiple vendors that are presented virtually to a single host server. For example.software-based solutions. such as VERITAS Storage Foundation. provide host-based storage virtualizarion. Using VERlTAS Storage Foundation to administerhost-based storage virtualization is the focus of this training.

I lost-based storage virtualization is useful under these conditions:A server needs to access data stored in multiple storage devices.You need the flexibility to access data stored in arrays from different vendors.Additional servers do not need to access the data assigned to a particular host.Maturity of technology is a highly important factor to you in making ITdecisions.

Note: By combining VERITAS Storage Foundation with clustering technologies.such as VERITAS Cluster Volume Manager. storage can be virtualized to multiplehosts ofthe same operating system.

Network-Based Storage Virtualization

Network-basedstorage virtualization refers to disks from multiple arrays andmultiple vendors that arc presented virtually to multiple servers. Network-basedstorage virtualization is useful under these conditions:

You need 10 have data accessible across heterogeneous servers and storagedevices.You require central administration of storage across all Network AttachedStorage (NAS) systems or Storage Area Network (SAN) devices.You want to ensure that replacing or upgrading storage does not disrupt dataaccess.

You want to virtualize storage to provide block services to applications.

Course Introduction Intro-5Copyright ,~,2006 Svmantec Corporation. All nnhts reserved

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VERITAS Storage Foundation

VERIT AS Storage Foundation provides host-basedstorage virtualization for performance, availability,and manageability benefits for enterprise computingenvironments.

High Availability

Application Soluti

Data Protection

Volume Managerand File System

Company Business Process

VERITAS Cluster Server/Replicationons Storage Foundation for Databases

-Save.

Initial capitalization Buttons. menus. windows, Select the Next buuon.options. and other interface Open the Task Sialusclements window.

Remove the checkmarktrorn the Print File checkbox.

()uotation marks lutertucc clements with Select the "Includelong names subvolumes in object view

window" check box.

Intro-14 VERITAS Storage Foundation 5.0 for UNIX: FundamentalsCopyright ~ ;!()Clfi Svmanter: Corporation AUfights reserved

Lesson 1

Virtual Objects

symantcc

Lesson Introduction

Lesson 1:VirtU!!L9_bl~~ts Lesson 2: Installation and Interfaces

Lesson 3: Creating a Volume and FileSystem

Lesson 4: Selecting Volume Layouts Lesson 5: Making Basic Configuration

Changes

Lesson 6: Administering File Systems Lesson 7: Resolving Hardware

Problems

svmantec

Lesson Topics and ObjectivesTopic After completing this lesson, you

will be able to:

Topic 1: Physical Data Identify the structural characteristics ofStorage a disk that are affected by placing a

disk under VxVM control.

Topic 2: Virtual Data Describe the structural characteristicsStorage of a disk after it is placed under VxVM

control.Topic 3: Volume Manager Identify the virtual objects that areStorage Objects created by VxVM to manage data

storage, including disk groups, VxVMdisks, subdisks, piexes, and volumes.

Topic 4: Volume Manager Define VxVM RAID levels and identifyRAID Levels virtual storage layout types used by

VxVM to remap address space.

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VERITAS SLorageFoundation 5.0 for UNIX: Fundamentals

, S)11Jan\,'(

IPhysical Disk Structure

Physical storage objects: The basic physical storage device that ultimately stores

your data is the hard disk.

When you install your operating system, hard disks areformatted as part of the installation program.

Partitioning is the basic method of organizing a disk toprepare for files to be written to and retrieved from thedisk.

A partitioned disk has a prearranged storage pattern thatis designed for the storage and retrieval of data.

Solaris I HP-UX I AIX I Linux IPhysical Data Storage

Physical Disk StructureSolaris

A physical disk under Solaris contains the partition table of the disk and the volume Tableof contents (VTOC) in the first sector 151~ bytes) of the disk. The VTOC has at least anentry lor the backup partition on the II hole disk (partition tag 5, normally partition number2), so the OS may work correctly with the disk. The VTOC is always a part of the backuppartition and may be part ota standard data partition. You can destroy the VTOC using theraw device driver on that partition making the disk immediately unusable.

Sector 0 of disk: VTOCSector 1-15 of/ partition: bootblock

~1\US'

IPartition 2 (backup slice)refers to the entire disk.

Partitions(Slices)

1

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Lesson 1 Virtual Objects

If the disk contains the partition fur the rout file system mounted on / (partition tag 2), lorexample of an OS disk, this root partition contains the bootblock for the first boot stageafter the Open Bout Prom within sector I - 15. Sector 0 is skipped, so there is nooverlapping between VTOe and boorblock. if the root partition starts at the beginning ofthe disk.

The li"t sector ofa file system un Soluris cannut start before sector 16 of the partition.Sector 16 contains the main super block of the file system. Using the block device driverof the file system prevents VTOC and boot block from being overwritten by applicuuondata.

Note: 011 Solaris. VxVM 4. I and later support EFI disks. EFI disks are an lntcl-basedtechnology that allows disks to retain BIOS code.

HP-lJX

On an HP-UX system. the physical disk is traditionally partitioned using either the wholedisk approach or Logical Volume Manager (LVM).

HP-UX DiskcOtld4

LVM DiskcOtld4

The whole disk approach enables you tu partition a disk in five ways: the whole disk isused by a single file system: the whole disk is used as swap area: the whole disk isused as a raw partition: a portion of the disk contains a file system, and the rest is usedas swap: or the boot disk contains a 2-MB special boot are". the root file system, and aswap area.An LVM data disk consists of four areas: Physical Volume Reserved Area (PVRA):Volume Group Reserved Area (VGRA): user data area: and Bad Block RelocationArea IBBRA).

AIXA native AIX disk docs not have a partition table "I' the kind familiar on many otheroperating systems. such as Solaris, Linux, and Windows. An application could use theentire unstructured raw physical device. but the lirst 5 I 2-byte sector normally containsintunn.uion, including a physical volume identifier (pvid) to support recognition of thedisk by AIX. An AIX disk is managed by IBM's Logical Volume Manager (LVM) bydefuult. A disk managed by LVM is called a physical volume (PV). A physical volumeconsists of:

PV reserved area: A physical volume begins with a reserved area of 128 sectorscontaining I'V metadatu. including the pvid.

1-4 VERITAS Storage Foundation 5.0 for UNIX: FundamentalsCOPYright ';:' 2(1()h Sytn

Volume Group Descrlptur Area (\'G[)A): One or two copies of the V[X;/\ tollows.The V(jDA contains information describing a volume group (Vt.i ), which consists ofone or more physical volumes. Included in the mctadata in the V(j[)A is the defiuiuonof the physical partition (PI') Sill'. nonnally-t MH,Physlcal partitions: The remainder of the disk is divided into a number of physicalpartitions, All of the PVs in a volume group have PI's of the same size. as defined inthe VGDA, In a normal VG. there can be up to.n PI's in a P\'. In a big VCi. there canbe up to 12R PI's in a Pv. I

,Rawdevice,hdisk3

Physical volumereserved area(128 sectors)

Volume GroupDescriptor Areas

Physical partitions(equal size,defined in VGDA)

The term partition is used differently in different operating systems. In many kinds ofUNiX. Linux, and Windows. a partition is a variable sized portion of contiguous diskspacethat can be formatted to contain a file system. in LVM. a PI' is mapped to a logicalpartition 11..1'). and one or more LPs from any location throughout the V(j can becombined to define a logical volume (LV). A logical \'0IU111eis the entity that can beformatted to contain a file system (by default either .IFS or .IFS2), So a physical partitioncompares in concept more closely to a disk allocation cluster in some other operatingsystems. and a logical volume plays the role that a partition does in some other operatingsystems.

Linux

On Linux. a nonboot disk can be divided into one to lour primary partitions. One of theseprimary partitions can be used to contain logical partitions. and it is called the extendedpartition. The extended partition can have lip to I ~ logical partitions on a SCSi disk and lipto 60 logical partitions on an IDE disk, You can use fdisk to set up partitions on a Linuxdisk,

Lesson 1 Virtual Objects 1-5CopyriglH '-': 2006 Symantcc Corporation All fights reserveo

Primary Partition 1/dev/sdal or/dev/hdalPrimary Partition 2/dev/sda2or/dev/hda2Primary Partition 3/dev/sda3or/dev/hda3

Primary Partition 4(Extended Partition)/dev/sda4/dev/hda4

On a l.inux boot disk. the boot partition must be a primary partition and is typicallylocated within the first 1024 cylinders of the drive. On the boot disk. you must also have adedicated swap partition. The swap part ition can be a primary or a logical partition. and itcan be located anywhere on the disk.

Logical partitions must be contiguous. but they do not need to take up all of the space ofthe extended partition. Only one primary partition can be extended. The extended partitiondocs not take up any space until it is subdivided into logical partitions.

VERITAS Volume Manager 4.0 for Linux does not support most hardware RAIDcontrollers currently unless they present SCSI device interfaces with names of theform / dev / sdx.

The following controllers are supported:PERC, on the Dell 1650MegaRAID. on the Dell 1650ScrvcRAID. on x440 systems

Compaq array controllers that require the SmartI and CCISS drivers (w hich presentdevice paths. such as I dev I idal c #d#p # and I dev I cc i ssl c #d#p#) arc supportedlor normal use and for rootnbiliry.

16 VERITAS Storage Foundation 5.0 for UNIX: FundamentalsCupynqht c ;1.0011Svmanu-c Corporation All fights rcserveo

,S)l1HHlh'(

Physical Disk NamingVxVM parses disk names to retrieve connectivityinformation for disks. Operating systems have differentconventions:

Operating System Device Naming Convention ExampleSolaris /dev/[rJdsk/c1t9dOs2

/dev/ [rJ dak/c3t2dO (no slice)

/dev/hdisk2 (no slice)

SCSI disks:/dev/ade [1-4J (primary partitions)/dev/ade [5 -16J (logical partitions)/dev/adbN(on the second disk)/ dev / adcN (on the third disk)

IDE disks:/dev/hdeN. /dev/hClbN./dev/hdcN

HP-UX

AIX

Linux

Physical Disk NamingSolaris

I

You locate and access the data on a physical disk by using a device name thatspecifies the controller, target ID. and disk number. A typical device name uses theformat: c#t#d#.

c# is the controller number.t# is the target !D.d# is the logical unit number (LUN) of the drive attached to the target.

Ira disk is divided into partitions. you also specify the partition number in thedevice name:

s# is the partition (slice) number,

For example. the device name cOtOdOsl is connected to controller number 0 illthe system. with a target ID oro. physical disk number O. and partition number I011 the disk.

HP-liX

You locate and access the data on a physical disk by using a device name thatspecifies the controller. target ID, and disk number. A typical device name uses theformat: c#t#d#.

c# is the controller number.t # is the target !D.d# is the logical unit number (LUN) of the drive attached to the target.

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1-7Lesson 1 Virtual Objects

For example, the cOt OdO device name is connected to the controller number inthe system, with a target 10 of 0, and the physical disk number O.

AIX

Every device in AIX is assigned a location code that describes its connection to thesystem. The general format of this identifier isAB-CD-EF-GH, where the lettersrepresent decimal digits or uppercase letters. The first two characters represent thebus. the second pair identify the adapter, the third pair represent the connector, andthe tinal pair uniquely represent the device. For example, a SCSI disk drive mighthave a location identifier of 04 - 01- 00 - 6, O. In this example, 04 means the PCIbus, 01 is the slot number on the PCI bus occupied by the SCSI adapter, 00 meansthe only or internal connector, and the 6,0 means SCSIID 6, LUN o.

However, this data is used internally by AIX to locate a device. The device namethat a system administrator or software uses to identify a device is less hardwaredependant. The system maintains a special database called the Object DataManager (ODM) that contains essential definitions for most objects in the system,including devices. Through the ODM. a device name is mapped to the locationidentifier. The device names are referred to by special files found in the / devdirectory. For example, the SCSI disk identified previously might have the devicename hdisk3 (the fourth hard disk identified by the system). The device namedhdisk3 is accessed by the file name /dev/hdisk3.

If a device is moved so that it has a different location identifier, the ODM isupdated so that it retains the same device name. and the move is transparent tousers. This is facilitated by the physical volume identifier stored in the first sectorof a physical volume. This unique 128-bit number is used by the system torecognize the physical volume wherever it may be attached because it is alsoassociated with the device name in the ODM.

Linux

On Linux, device names are displayed in the format: sdx [N]

hdx [N]

In the syntax:sd refers to a SCSI disk, and hd refers to an EIDE disk.x is a letter that indicates the order of disks detected by the operating system.For example, sda refers to the first SCSI disk, sdb refers to the second SCSIdisk. and so on.N is an optional parameter that represents a partition number in the range Ithrough 16. For example. sda7 references partition 7 on the first SCSI disk.

Primary partitions on a disk are I. 2, .~.4: logical partitions have numbers 5 and up.If the partition number is omitted, the device name indicates the entire disk.

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Physical Data Storage

Note: Throughout this course, the term disk is used to mean either disk or LUN.Whatever the OS sees as a storage device, VxVM sees as a disk.

Reads and writeson unmanagedphysical diskscan be a slowprocess .

Disk arrays andmultipathed diskarrays canimprove 110 speedand throughput.

\I Applications\! Databases \/ Users I00 PhYSi!1[!LUNS 00Disk array: A collection of physical disks usedto balance 1/0 across multiple disks

Multipathed disk array: Provides multiple portsto access disks to achieve performance andavailability benefits

Disk Arrays

Reads and writes on unmanaged physical disks can be a relatively slow process,because disks are physical devices that require time to move the heads to thecorrect position on the disk before reading or writing. If all of the read and writeoperations are performed to individual disks. one at a time. the read-write time canbecome unmanageable.

A disk 1/1"'(11' is a collection of physical disks. Performing 110 operations onmultiple disks in a disk array can improve 1/0 speed and throughput.

Hardware arrays present disk storage to the host operating system as LUNs.

Multipathed Disk Arrays

Some disk arrays provide multiple ports to access disk devices. These ports.coupled with the host bus adaptor (IIBA) controller and any data bus or 110processor local to the array. compose multiple hardware paths to access the diskdevices. This type of disk array is called a muttipathed disk aI'I'O\'.

You can connect rnultipathed disk arrays to host systems in many differentconfigurations. such as:

Connecting multiple ports to different controllers on a single hostChaining ports through a single controller on a hostConnecting ports to di tferent hosts simultaneously

Lesson 1 Virtual Objects 1-9Cop'r'riglll'(~ 2006 Symantec Corporation All rights. roservoo

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Virtual Data Storage

Volume Managercreates a virtuallayer of datastorage.

Volume Managervolumes appear toapplicationsto be physical diskpartitions.

Volumes haveblock and characterdevice nodes in theZdev tree:Idev/vxl lr ldsk/ ...

Multidiskconfigurations:

Concatenation

Mirroring

Striping

RAIDS

High Availability: Disk groupimport and deport

Hot relocation

Dynamicmultipathing

Disk Spanning LoadBalancing

Virtual Data Storage

Virtual Storage Management

VER lTAS Volume Manager creates a virtual level of storage management abovethe physical device level by creating virtual storage objects. The virtual storageobject that is visible to users and applications is called a 1'0111111

IVolume Manager ControlWhen you place a disk under VxVM control, a cross-platform data sharing (CDS)disk layout is used, which ensures that the disk is accessible on differentplatforms, regardless of the platform on which the disk was initialized.I- ..-------.L~_~lOS-reserved areas

Ithat contain:" Platform blocks

I " VxVM 10blocks

I" AIX and HP-UX. coexistence labels

PublicRegion

Volume Manager-Controlled Disks

With Volume Manager. you enable virtual data storage by bringing a disk underVolume Manager control. By default in VxVM 4.0 and later. Volume Manageruses a cross-platform data sharing (CDS) disk layout. A CDS disk is consistentlyrecognized by all VxVM-supported UNIX platforms and consists of:

Ox-reserved area: To accommodate plat tonn-spcci fie disk usage. f 2RK isreserved for disk labels. platform blocks. and platform-coexistence labels.

Private region: The private region stores information. such as disk headers.configuration copies. and kernel logs. in addition to other platform-specificmanagement areas that VxVM uses to manage virtual objects. The privateregion represents a small management overhead:

Operating System Default Block/Sector Size Default Private Region Size

Solaris 512 bytes 65536 sectors (I 024K)

HI'-UX 1024 bytes 3276Rsectors ( I024K)

AIX 512 bytes 65536 sectors (I024K)

Linux 512 bytes 65536 sectors ( I024K)

Public region: The public region consists of the remainder of the space on thedisk. The public region represents the available space that Volume Managercan LIseto assign to volumes and is where an application stores data. VolumeManager never overwrites this area unless specifically instructed to do so.

Lesson 1 Virtual Objects 1-11

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Comparing CDS and Pre-4.x DisksCDS Disk(>4.x Default)

Private region(metadata) andpublic region (userdata) are created ona single partition.

Suitable for movingbetween differentoperating systems

Not suitable forboot partitions

Sliced Disk(Pre-4.x Solaris Default)

Private region andpublic region arecreated onseparatepartitions.

Not suitable formoving betweendifferent operatingsystemsSuitable for bootpartitions

Simple Disk(Pre .x HP-UX Default)Private region andpublic region arecreated on thewhole disk withspecific offsets.

Not suitable formoving betweendifferent operatingsystemsSuitable for bootpartitionsNote: This format iscalled hpdisk formatas of VxVM 4.1 on theHP-UX platform.

Comparing CDS Disks and Pre-4.x Disks

The pre-t.v disk layouts arc still available in VxVM 4.0 and later. These layoutsare used for hringing the boot disk under VxVM control on operating systems thatsupport that capability,

On platforms that support bringing the boot disk under V.xVM control, CDS diskscannot be used tor boot disks. CDS disks have specific disk layout requirementsthat enable a common disk layout across different platforms, and theserequirements arc not compatible with the particular platform-specific requirementsof boot disks. Therefore, when placing a hoot disk under VxVM control. you mustuse a prc-4.x disk layout (sliced on Solaris, hpdisk on HP-UX).

For non boot disks, you can convert CDS disks to sliced disks and vice versa byusing VxVM utilities.

Other disk types, working with boot disks, and transferring data across platformswith CDS disks are topics covered in detail in later lessons.

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Volume Manager Storage ObjectsDisk Group

Volumes

acctdg

expvol payvol

acctd 01-01acctdgO~ - O~llcctdg03-02

expvol-Ol

acctdg01-02 llcctdg03-01acctdg02-01

Ploxes

payvol-Ol payvol-02-VxVM Disks acctdg03Subdisks

Physical Disks

Volume Manager Storage Objects

I

Disk Groups

A disk group is a collection of Vx VM disks that share a common configurution.You group disks into disk groups for management purposes. such as to hold thedata for a specific application or set of applications. For example. data foraccounting applications can be organized in a disk group called acctdg. A diskgroup contigurcttion is a set olrccords with detailed information about relatedVolume Manager objects in a disk group. their attributes. and their connections.

Volume Manager objects cannot span disk groups. For example. a volume'ssubdisks. plexes. and disks must be derived from the same disk group as thevolume. You can create additional disk groups as necessary. Disk groups enableyou to group disks into logical collections. Disk groups and their components canbe moved as a unit from one host machine to another.

Volume Manager Disks

A Volume Manager (VxVM) disk represents the public region ota physical diskthat is under Volume Manager control. Each VxVM disk corresponds to onephysical disk. Each VxVM disk has a unique virtual disk name called a disk medianame,The disk media name is a logical name used lor Volume Manageradministrative purposes. Volume Manager uses the disk media name whenassigning space to volumes. A VxVM disk is given a disk media name when it isadded to a disk group.

Default disk media name: diskgrollplili

Copyright ~~.2Un6 Svmantec Corporanon All rights reserved

1-13Lesson 1 Virtual Objects

You can supply the disk media name or allow Volume Manager to assign a defaultname. The disk media name is stored with a unique disk ID to avoid namecollision. After a VxVM disk is assigned a disk media name, the disk is no longerreferred 10 by its physical address. The physical address (for example, clltlldll orhdiskll) becomes known

, S)111'1I1t('(~Volume Layouts

Volume layout: The way plexes are configured to remap thevolume address space through which 1/0 is redirected

.....Di~~~U [--R-~-;;i~;~~;1LayeredConcatenated Striped

RAID-O

Data Redundancy

Mirrored RAID-5 Striped and

RAl0-O+1RAl0-5

Volume Manager RAID Levels

RAID

I

RAID is an acronym for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. RAID is astorage management approach in which an army of disks is created. and part of thecombined storage capacity of the disks is used to store duplicate information aboutthe data in the array. By maintaining a redundant array of disks. you can regeneratedata in the case of disk failure.

RAID configuration models arc classified in terms of RAID levels. which arcdefined by the number of disks in the array. the way data is spanned across thedisks. and the method used for redundancy. Each RA ID level has speci lie featuresand performance benefits that involve a trade-oil between performance andreliability.

Volume Layouts

RAID levels correspond to volume layouts. A volume's layout refers to theorganization of plexcs in a volume. Volume layout is the way plcxes areconfigured to remap the volume address space through which 110 is redirected atrun-time. Volume layouts are based on the concepts of disk spanning. redundancy.and resilience.

Disk Spanning

Disk spanning is the combining of disk space from multiple physical disks to Iorrnone logical drive. Disk spanning has two forms:

Lesson 1 Virtual ObjectsCopyright!': 2006 Symantec Corporation All rights reserved

1-15

Concatenation: Concatenation is the mapping of data in a linear manneracross two or more disks.In a concatenated volume. subdisks are arranged both sequentially andcontiguously within a plex. Concatenation allows a volume to be created frommultiple regions of one or more disks if there is not enough space for an entirevolume on a single region of a disk.Striping: Striping is the mapping of data in equally-sized chunks alternatingacross multiple disks. Striping is also called interleaving.In a striped volume. data is spread evenly across multiple disks. Stripes areequally-sized fragments that are allocated alternately and evenly to thesubdisks of a single plcx. There must be at least two subdisks in a striped plex ,each of which must exist on a different disk. Configured properly. striping notonly helps to balance 1/0 but also to increase throughput.

Data Redundancy

To protect data against disk failure, the volume layout must provide some form ofdata redundancy. Redundancy is achieved in two ways:

Mirroring: Mirroring is maintaining two or more copies of volume data.A mirrored volume usesmultiple plcxcs to duplicate the information containedin a volume. Although a volume can have a single plex, at least two arerequired for true mirroring (redundancy of data). Each of these plexes shouldcontain disk space from different disks for the redundancy to be useful.Parity: Parity is a calculated value used to reconstruct data after a failure bydoing an exclusive OR (XOR) procedure on the data. Parity information can bestored on a disk. Ifpart ofa volume fails, the data on that portion of the failedvolume can be re-created from the remaining data and parity information.A RAIO-S volume uses striping to spread data and parity evenly aerossmultiple disks in an array. Each stripe contains a parity stripe unit and datastripe units. Parity can be used to reconstruct data if one of the disks fails. Incomparison to the performance of striped volumes, write throughput of RAI D-S volumes decreases, because parity infonnauon needs to be updated each timedata is accessed. However. in comparison to mirroring, the use of parityreduces the amount of space required.

Resilience

A resilient volume, also called a layered volume, is a volume that is built on one ormore other volumes. Resilient volumes enable the mirroring of data at a moregranular level. For example. a resilient volume can be concatenated or striped atthe top level and then mirrored at the bottom level.

A layered volume is a virtual Volume Manager object that nests other virtualobjects inside of itself. Layered volumes provide better fault tolerance bymirroring data at a more granular level.

1-16 VERITAS Storage Foundation 5.0 for UNIX' FundamentalsCopYrlyhl '& 2006 Symantec Corporauon AU nqhts reserved

, syrnanrec

ILesson Summary Key PointsThis lesson described the virtual storage objectsthat VERITAS Volume Manager uses to managephysical disk storage, including disk groups,VxVM disks, subdisks, plexes, and volumes.

Reference MaterialsVERITASVolume Manager Administrator's Guide

'symantl'C

Labs and solutions for this lesson arc located on the following pages:

Appendix A provides complete lab instructions. "Lib I' IrilJ"duc'ing tile: ! ,;\11Lnvironmctu." p:I',!C i\-,~

Appendix B provides complete lab instructions and solutions, "I .ab 1 S"IUlioI1S:1,llrodliCIII;2 the 1:11) 1..11\in1J1!l1CIlI," rage' B-,;

Lab 1

Lab 1: Introducing the Lab EnvironmentIn this lab, you are introduced to the labenvironment, system, and disks that you will usethroughout this course.

For Lab Exercises, see Appendix A.For .t:cabSoluti~!!s, see Appendix B,

Lesson 1 Virtual ObjectsCopyright'~ 2006 Svmantec Corporation All rights reserved

1-17

1-18 VERITAS Storage Foundation 5.0 for UNIX: Fundamentals

Copynghi .~ 2006 Svmantec Corporation. AlIlIghl!'i resorvec

Lesson 2

Installation and Interfaces

syrnantec

Lesson Introduction

Lesson 1: Virtual Objects

~_Lesson~'!..sta~lationandInterface.s_~" Lesson 3: Creating a Volume and File

System

Lesson 4: Selecting Volume Layouts

Lesson 5: Making Basic ConfigurationChanges

Lesson 6: Administering File Systems

Lesson 7: Resolving HardwareProblems

"~, .AS:, #'lli~1[ii-JlL , svmantccLesson Topics and Objectives

Topic After completing this lesson, you willbe able to:

Topic 1: Installation Identify operating system compatibility andPrerequisites other preinstallation considerations.

Topic 2: Adding License Keys Obtain license keys, add licenses by usingvxlic inst, and view licenses by usingvxlicrep.

Topic 3: VERITAS Software Identify the packages that are included in thePackages Storage Foundation 5.0 software.

Topic 4: Installing Storage Install Storage Foundation interactively, byFoundation using the installation utility.

Topic 5: Storage Foundation Describe the three Storage Foundation userUser Interfaces interfaces.

Topic 6: Managing the VEA Install, start, and manage the VEA server.Server

2-2Copynyhl:- 2006 Svmantec Corporaucn. All fights reserveu


'''l!t ..,~. ~ ..", ,,, ~[ , S}ll1;!n1CC.as CompatibilityThe VERITAS Storage Foundation product lineoperates on the following operating systems:

SF Solaris HP-UX AIX LinuxVersion Version Version Version Version

5.0 8,9,10 11i.v2 (0904) 5.2,5.3RHEL 4 Update 3,SLES 9 SP3

4.1 8,9,10, x86 11i.v2 (0904) No release RHEL 4 Update 1 (2.6),SLES 9 SP1

4.0 7,8,9 No release 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 RHEL 3 Update 2 (1686)

3.5.x 2.6,7,8 11.11i (0902) No release No release*

Note: Version 3.2.2 on Linux hasfunctionality equivalent to 3.5 on Solaris.

IInstallation Prerequisites

OS Version Compatibility

Before installing Storage Foundation. ensure that the version of StorageFoundation that you are installing is compatible with the version of the operatingsystem that you are running. You may need to upgrade your operating systembefore you install the latest Storage Foundation version.

VERITAS StorageFoundation 5.0 operates on the following operating systems:

Solaris 8 (SPARe Platform 32-bit and 64-bil)

Solaris 9 (SPARe Platform 32-bit and M-bil)

Solari, 10 (SPARe Platform M-bil)

September 2004 release of HP-UX II i version 2.0 or later

AIX 5.2 ML6 (legacy)

AIX 5.3 TL4 with SP4

Red Hat Enterprise l.inux 4 (RIIEL 4) with Update 3 (2.6.9-34kernel) on AMD Optcron or Intel Xeon EM64T (xX6_ (4)

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server

symantec.

Support ResourcesIl;'l,q! Storag~Founnanonfor U~~IX Products I

Search for Technotes

I Support services ~~E:~~,~""""~

1Wf'l'tIttlfUialln.

r~'-"-'''-''-F-"-,,,,-,-.,,--~----rp~a~tc~h~e~s=;I--------'---------------"un ..," tlf~d ", lI.IM .'."". hll " .lo.11."';' ~:.;tn ~J ""~': . '!It-:.," s. ~~, "'.1)00; ,~'~.;~~'''' ""~,\!~~..,,,~ ,.~.~~~,,'\'~1'''fl''t'"F''''''''~\I'r.-~,t>.U'

"," ~" It ,"',.,.I! ,,-

'''' .'~ .'" :.: .. ,..,.. F:t"".~.1":1""'-. ""'.1,1-:" "''to ....., .,~r"" .'" +"" ,~._.

"'j

,S)111illllt'L

IStorage Foundation Licensing

Licensing utilities are contained in the VRTSvlicpackage, which is common to all VERITAS products.

To obtain a license key:- Create a vLicense account and retrieve license keys online.

vLicense is a Web site that you can use to retrieve andmanage your license keys.or

- Complete a License Key Request form and fax it toVERITAS customer support.

To generate a license key, you must provide your:- Software serial number- Customer number- Order numberNote: You may also need the network and RDBMS platform, systemconfiguration, and software revision levels.

Adding License KeysYou must have your license key before you begin installation. because you areprompted for the license key during the installation process. A new license key isnut necessary if you are upgrading Storage Foundation from a previously licensedversion of the product.

lfyou have an evaluation license key, you must obtain a permanent license keywhen you purchase the product. The VER[TAS licensing mechanism checks thesystem date to verify that it has not been set back. [I' the system date has been reset.the evaluation license key becomes invalid.

Obtaining a License Key

License keys arc delivered on Software License Certificates to you at theconclusion of the order fulfillment process. The certificate specifics the productkeys and the number of product licenses purchased. A single key enables you toinstall the product un the number and type of systems for which you purchased thelicense.

License key arc non-node locked.In a non-node locked model. one key can unlock a product on different serversregardless ufllost ID and architecture type.In a nude locked model. a single license is tied to a single specific server. Foreach server. you need a di fferent key.

Lesson 2 Installationand InterfacesCopyright C 2006 Symamec Corporation. All nqhts reserved

2-5

symaruec

Generating License Keys[http://vli-~~~-s-e-.v~-;i-ta-s~.-c~Jf-~---'

II. Access automatic

I, license key generation

and delivery. Manage and track

I

i license key inventoryand usage.I Locate and reissue lostlicense keys.I Report, track, and

1 resolve license keyI issues online.I Consotidate and share

license key informationwith other accounts.

To add a license key:vxlicinst

License keys are installed in:/etc/vx/licenses/lic

To view installed license keyinformation:vxlicrepDisplayed information includes:- License key number- Name of the VERIT AS

product that the key enables- Type of license- Features enabled by the key

Generating License Keys with vLicense

VERITAS vl.icense (v L icense. veri tas. com) is a self-service online licensemanagement system.

vl.iccnsc supports production license keys only. Temporary. evaluation. ordemonstration keys must be obtained through your VERITAS sales representative.

Note: The VRTSvl ic package can coexist with previous licensing packages. suchas VRTSIic. If you have old license keys installed in /etc/vx/eIm.leave thisdirectory on your system. The old and new license utilities cun coexist.

2-6 VERITAS Storage Foundation 5.0 for UNIX. FundamentalsCopvnqht i; 2006 Svmantec Corporation An fights reserved

,S)11Hlnt.?( .

I~

What Gets Installed?In version 5.0, the default installation behavior is toinstall all packages in Storage Foundation Enterprise HA.In previous versions, the default behavior was to onlyinstall packages for which you had typed in a license key.

In 5.0, you can choose to install: All packages included in Storage Foundation Enterprise HAor

All packages included in Storage Foundation Enterprise HA,minus any optional packages, such as documentationand software development kits

VERITAS Software PackagesWhen you install a product suite. the component product packages are installedautomatically. When installing Storage Foundation. be sure to follow theinstructions in the product release notes and installation guides.

Package Space Requirements

Before you install any of the packages. confirm that your system has enough freedisk space to accommodate the installation. Storage Foundation programs and filesare installed in the /. /usr. and / opt tile systems. Refer to the productinstallation guides for a detailed list of package space requirements.

Solaris Note

VxFS often requires more than the default RK kernel stack size. so entries areadded to the jete/system file. This increases the kernel thread stack size of thesystem to 24K. The original / ete/ system file is copied to/ete/fs/vxfs/system.preinstall.

Lesson 2 Installation and Interfaces 2-7COpyrig!lt:fj 2006 Symanlec Corporation. All rights reserved

symantec

Optional FeaturesVERITAS FlashSnap- Enables point-in-time copies of data with minimal

performance overhead- Includes disk group split/join, FastResync, and

storage checkpointing (in conjunction with VxFS)VERITAS Volume Replicator- Enables replication of data to remote locations- VRTSvrdoc: VVR documentation

VERITAS Cluster Volume ManagerUsed for high availability environments

Features areIncluded In theVxVMpackage,but they require aseparate license.

Features areIncluded In theVxFS package,but they require aseparate license.

VERITAS Quick 1/0 for DatabasesEnables applications to access prealiocated VxFS filesas raw character devices

VERITAS Cluster File SystemEnables multiple hosts to mount and perform fileoperations concurrently on the same file

Dynamic Storage TieringEnables the support for multivolume file systems bymanaging the placement of files through policies thatcontrol both initial file location and the circumstancesunder which existing files are relocated

Storage Foundation Optional Features

Several optional features do not require separate packages, only additionallicenses. The following optional features are built-in to Storage Foundation thatyou can enable with additional licenses:

VERITAS Flashxnap: FlashSnap facilitates point-in-time copies of data,while enabling applications to maintain optimal performance, by enablingfeatures, such as FastResync and disk group split and join functionality.FlashSnap provides an efficient method to perform offline and off-hostprocessing tasks, such as backup and decision support.VERITAS Volume Replicator: Volume Rcplicator augments StorageFoundation functionality to enable you to replicate data to remote locationsover any IP network. Replicated copies of data can be used for disasterrecovery, off-host processing, off-host backup, and application migration.Volume Replicator ensures maximum business continuity by delivering truedisaster recovery and flexible off-host processing.Cluster Functionality: Storage Foundation includes optional clusterfunctionality that enables Storage Foundation to be used in a clusterenvironment.A cI/lSII!I' is a set of hosts that share a set of disks. Each host is referred to as anode in a cluster. When the cluster functionality is enabled, all of the nodes inthe cluster can share VxVM objects. The main benefits of clusterconfigurations are high availability and off-host processing.

VERITAS Cluster Server (VCS): ves supplies two major componentsintegral to eFS: the Low Latency Transport (LLT) package and the Group

2-8CQPynyht'~ 2006 Syrn;'Jnlt:r.: Corporation. All fights reserveu


Membership and Atomic Broadcast (GAB) package. LLT provides node-to-node communications and monitors network communications. GABprovides cluster state. configuration. and membership service. and itmonitors the heartbeat links between systems to ensure that they are active.VERIT AS Cluster File System (CFS): CFS is a shared file system thatenables multiple hosts to mount and perform II le operations concurrentlyon the same file.VERITAS Cluster Volume Manager (CVM): CVM creates the clustervolumes necessary for mounting cluster file systems.

VERIT AS Quick 1/0 for Databases: VERITAS Quick 1/0 for Databases(referred to as Quick 1;0) enables applications to access preallocated VxFStiles as raw character devices. This provides the administrative benefits ofrunning databases on file systems without the performance degradation usuallyassociated with databases created on file systems.Dynamic Storage Tiering (DST): DST enables the support for multivolumefile systems by managing the placement of files through policies that controlboth initial tile location and the circumstances under which existing files arerelocated.

Lesson 2 Installation and InterfacesCopyrigh1 It 200{J Svmentec Corporation. All nqtus reserved.

I

2-9

syrnantec

Installation MenuStorage Foundation and High Availability Solutions 5.0

SYMANTEC Product Version Installed Licensed

Veritas Cluster ServerVeritas File SystemVeritas Volume ManagerVeri tas Volume ReplicatorVeritas Storage FoundationVeritas Storage Foundation for OracleVeri tas Storage Foundation for DB2Veritas Storage Foundation for SybaseVeri tas Storage Foundation Cluster File SystemVeritas Storage Foundation for Oracle RAe

no nono no

nono nono nono no

nono nono no

Task Menu:

[2> Install/Upgrade a ProductL) License a ProductU) Uninstall a ProductQ) Quit

C) Configure an Installed ProductP) Perform a Preinstallation Check0) View a Product Description?) Help

Enter a Selection: [I,C,L,P,U,D,Q,?]

Installing Storage FoundationThe Installer is a menu-based installation utility that you can use to install anyproduct contained on the VERITAS Storage Solutions CD-ROM. This utility actsas a wrapper for existing product installation scripts and is most useful when youare installing multiple VERI rAS products or bundles, such as VERITAS StorageFoundation or VERITAS Storage Foundation tor Databases.

Note: The example on the slide is from a Solaris platform. Some of the productsshown on the menu may not be available on other platforms. For example,VERITAS File System is available only as part of Storage Foundation on HP-liX.

Note: The VERITAS Storage Solutions CD-ROM contains an installation guidethat describes how to use the installer utility. You should also read all productinstallation guides and release notes even if you are using the installer utility.

To add the Storage Foundation packages using the installer utility:1 Log on as supcruscr.2 Mount the VERITAS Storage Solutions CD-ROM.3 Locate and invoke the installer script:

cd / cdrom/ CD_name./installer

4 If the licensing utilities are installed. the product status page is displayed. Thislist displays the VERITAS products on the CD-ROM and the installation andlicensing status of each product. If the licensing utilities are not installed, youreceive a message indicating that the installation utility could not cletermineproduct status.

2-10 VERITAS Storage Foundation 5.0 for UNIX: Fundamentals

Copynghl & 2006 Svrnaotoc Corporation All flyhls reserved

5 Type I to install a product. Follow the instructions to select the product thatyou want to install. Installation begins automatically.

When you add Storage Foundation packages by using the installer utility. allpackages are installed. lfyou want to add a specific package only. for example.only the VRTSvrndoc package. then you must add the package manually from thecommand line.

After installation. the installer creates three text files that can be used for auditingor debugging. The names and locations or each file are displayed at the end or theinstallation and are located in / opt/VRTS/ install / logs: IFile DescriptionInstallation log file Contains all commands executed during installation. their output.and any errors generated by the commands: used for debugging

installation problems and for analysis by VERITAS Support

Responsefile Contains configuration information enteredduring the procedure:can be used for future installation procedures when using theinstaller script with the -responsefile option

Summary file Contains the output of Vf:RITAS product installation scripts:shows products that were installed. locations of log and responsefiles, and installation messagesdisplayed

Methods for Adding Storage Foundation Packages

A first-time installation or Storage Foundation involves adding the softwarepackages and configuring Storage Foundation fur first-time use. You can addVERITAS product packages by using one of three methods:

Method Command Notes

VLRITAS installer Installs multiple VERITASInstallation Menu products interactively.

Installs packagesand conliguresStorage Foundation (or first-timeuse.

Product installation installvm Install individual VFRITASscripts installfs products internctively.

installsf Installs packagesand configuresStorage Foundation lor first timeuse.

Native operating pkgadd (Solaris) Install individual packages. forsystem package swinstall (iIP-UX) example. when using your 0\\'11installation installp (AIX) custom installation scripts,commands First-time Storage Foundationrpm (Linux )

configuration must be run as aThen. to configure SF: separatestep.vxinstall

Lesson 2 Installation and Interfaces 2-11Copynqht "( 2006 Svmanter. Corporation All rights reserved

Default Disk Group

o You can set up a system-wide default disk group towhich Storage Foundationcommands default if you donot specify a disk group .

o If you choose not to set adefault disk group atinstallation, you can set thedefault disk group later fromthe command line.Note:In StorageFoundation4.0and later, the rootdgrequirementno longerexists.

symaru,

Configuring Storage Foundation:When you i~~taIISt~r~g~F~~~dation, y~u are asl

IStorage Foundation Management Server

Storage Foundation 5.0 provides centralmanagement capability by introducing aStorage Foundation Management Server (SFMS).

With SF 5.0, it is possible to configure a SF host asa managed host or as a standalone host duringinstallation.A Management Server and Authentication Brokermust have previously been set up if a managedhost is required during installation.To configure a server as a standalone host duringinstallation, you need to answer "n" when asked ifyou want to enable SFMS Management.You can change a standalone host to a managedhost at a later time.

Note: This course does not cover SFMSand managed hosts.

Storage Foundation Management Server

Storage Foundation 5.0 provides central management capability by introducing aStorage Foundation Management Server (SFMS). For more information. refer tothe S/Or"geFoundation ManagementS(,I"I(,I" Administrator's Guide.

Lesson 2 Installationand InterfacesCopyright ; 2006 Svmantec Corporation All fignls rese-veo

2-13

Sularis

symantec

Verifying Package Installation

To verify package installation, use OS-specificcommands:

Solaris:pkginfo -1 VRTSvxvm

HP-UX:sw1ist -1 product VRTSvxvm

AIX:lslpp -1 VRTSvxvm

Linux:rpm -qa VRTSvxvm

Verifying Package Installation

llyou are not sure whether VERITAS packagesare installed, or if you want toverify which packagesare installed on the system,you can view information aboutinstalled packagesby using Ox-specific commands to list package information.

To list all installed packageson the system:

pkginfo

To restrict the list to installed VERITAS packages:

pkginfo I grep VRTSTo display detailed information about a package:

pkginfo -1 VRTSvxvmHP-UX

To list all installed packageson the system:

sw1ist -1 product

To restrict the list to installed VERITAS packages:

sw1ist -1 product I grep VRTSTo display detailed information about a package:

sw1ist -1 product VRTSvxvm

2-14Cqpyngtll (,. 2006 Symautec Corporauon All nqhts reserved


AIX

To list all installed packages on the system:

lslpp

To restrict the list to installed VERITAS packages, type:

lslpp -1 'VRTS*'

To verify that a particular Iileset has heen installed, use its name, for example:

lslpp -1 VRTSvxvrn

To verify package installation on the system:

rpm -qa I grep VRTSTo verify a specific package installation on the system:

rpm -q[i] package_name

For example, to verify that the VRTSvxvm package is installed:

rpm -q VRTSvxvrn

The - i option lists detailed information about the package.

ILinux

Lesson 2 Installation and Interfaces 2-15Copyrighi ~ 2006 Svrnantec Corporation All rigl1\;; reserved

svmantec

Storage Foundation User Interfaces

Storage Foundation supports three user interfaces:

VERITAS Enterprise Administrator (VEA):A GUI that provides access through icons, menus,wizards, and dialog boxesNote: This course only covers using VEA on a standalonehost.

Command-Line Interface (CLI): UNIX utilities thatyou invoke from the command line

Volume Manager Support Operations(vxdiskadm): A menu-driven, text-based interfacealso invoked from the command lineNote: vxdiskadm only provides access to certain disk anddisk group management functions.



Storage Foundation supports three user interfaces, Volume Manager objectscreated by one interface are compatible with those created by the other interfaces.

YERITAS Enterprise Administrator (YEA): VERITAS EnterpriseAdministrator (VEA) is a graphical user interface to Volume Manager andother VERITAS products. VEA provides access to Storage Foundationfunctionality through visual clements, such as icons, menus. wizards, anddialog boxes. Using VEA, you can manipulate Volume Manager objects andalso perform common tile system operations.Command-Line Interface (CLI): The command-line interface (ell) consistsof UNIX utilities that you invoke from the command line to perform StorageFoundation and standard UNIX tasks. You can use the ell not only tomanipulate Volume Manager objects. but also to perform scripting anddebugging functions. Most of the ell commands require supcruser or otherappropriate privileges. The ell commands perform functions that range fromthe simple to the complex, and some require detailed user input.Volume Manager Support Operations (vxdiskadm): The VolumeManager Support Operations interface, commonly called vxdiskadm, is amenu-driven, text-based interface that you can use for disk and disk groupadministration functions. The vxdiskadm interface has a main menu fromwhich you can select storage management tasks.

A single VEA task may perform multiple command-line tasks.

2-16Copyuqtu 'c 2(1)6 Syn.autec Corporauon All fights reserved


-I

, syrnaruec.

; Menu Bart t"'_ ~.,... ....~ ........;

VEA: Main Window

QuickAccessBar

; Toolbarlit 0

symaruec

VEA: Viewing Tasks and Commands

To view underlying commandlines, double-click a task.

, *-'(:~

, S)111.1I1lt'l.

ICommand-Line Interface

You can administer CLI commands from the UNIX shellprompt.Commands can be executed individually or combinedinto scripts.Most commands are located in /usr/sbin. Add thisdirectory to your PATH environment variable toaccess the commands.

Examples of CLI commands include:vxassistvxprintvxdgvxdisk

Creates and manages volumesLists VxVM configuration recordsCreates and manages disk groupsAdministers disks under VM control

Using the Command-Line Interface

The Storage Foundation command-line interface (CLl) provides commands usedfor administering Storage Foundation from the shell prompt on a UNIX system.CLl commands can be executed individually for specific tasks or combined intoscripts.

The Storage Foundation command set ranges from commands requiring minimaluser input to commands requiring detailed user input. Many of the StorageFoundation commands require an understanding of Storage Foundation concepts.Most Storage Foundation commands require supcruser or other appropriate accessprivileges.

CLI commands are detailed in manual pages.

Accessing Manual Pages for CLI Commands

Detailed descriptions ofVxVM and VxFS commands. the options for each utility.and details on how to use them are located in VxVM and VxFS manual pages.

Manual pages are installed by default in / opt/VRTS/man. Add this directory tothe MANPATI I environment variable. if it is not already added.

To access a manual page. type man command name.

Examples:man vxassistman mount vxfs

Linux Note

On Linux. you must also set the MANSECT and ~1ANPATH variables.

Lesson 2 Installation and Interfaces

Copyrigtlt l~, 2U06 Symamec Corpotauon All rights .csorvoo

2-19

symantcc

The vxdi skadm Interface

vxdiskadmVolume Manager Support OperationsMenu: volumeManager/Disk

1 Add or initialize one or more disks2 Encapsulate one or more disks3 Remove a disk4 Remove a disk for replacement5 Replace a failed or removed disk

list List disk informationDisplay help about menu

?? Display help about the menuing systemq Exit from menus

Note: This example is from a Solaris platform. The options may beslightly different on other platforms.

Using the vxdiskadm Interface

The vxdiskadm command is a CLI command that you can use to launch theVolume Manager Support Operations menu interface. You can use the VolumeManager Support Operations interface, commonly referred to as vxdiskadm. toperform common disk management tasks. The vxdiskadm interface is restricted10 managing disk objects and does not provide a means of handl ing all otherVxVM objects.

Each option in the vxdiskadm interface invokes a sequence ofCLI commands.The vxdiskadm interlace presents disk management tasks to the user as a seriesof questions. or prompts.

To start vxdiskadm. you type vxdiskadm at the command line to display themain menu.

The vxdiskadm main menu contains a selection of main tasks that you can use tomanipulate Volume Manager objects. Each entry in the main menu leads youthrough a particular task by providing you with information and prompts. Defaultanswers arc provided for many questions, so you can select common answers.

The menu also contains options for listing disk information, displaying helpinformation. and quilling the menu interface.

The tasks listed in the main menu are covered throughout this training. Optionsavailable in the menu differ somewhat by platform. See the vxdiskadm (1m)manual page for more details on how to use vxdiskadm.

Note: vxdiskadm can be run only once per host. A lock file prevents multipleinstances from running: /var / spool / locks/ .DrSKADO. LOCK.

2-20Copynqht F; ';:006 Svmamcc Corporation All rights reserved

VERITAS Storage Foundation 5.0 for UNIX. Fundamentals

IInstalling VEA

Installationadministrationfile (Solaris only):VRTSobadmin

WindowsClient packages: VRTSobgui, VRTSat, VRTSpbx,

VRTSicsco (UNIX)

Server packages: VRTSob

VRTSobc33

VRTSaaVRTSccg

VRTSdsa

VRTSvail

VRTSvmpro

VRTSfspro

'UN/X VRTSddlpr

--_.__._---_._--..-r-;, Install the VEAI server on a UNIXI machine running

II. Storage Foundation.

Install the VEAclient on any

I machine that

,I

supports the Java1.4RuntimeEnvironment (or

I later).

windows/VRTSobgui .rosi (Windows)VEA is installed automatically when you run the SF installationscripts. You can also install VEA by adding packages manually.

Managing the VEA SoftwareYEA consists of a server and a client. You must install the YEA server on a UNIXmachine that is running YERITAS Volume Manager. You can install the YEAclient on the same machine or on any other UNIX or Windows machine thatsupports the Java 1.4 Runtime Environment (or later),

Installing the VEA Server and Client on UNIX

If you install Storage Foundation by using the Installer utility. you arc prompted toinstall both the \,[A server and client packages automatically. If you did not installall of the components by using the Installer. you can add the YEA packagesseparately.

It is recommended that you upgrade YEA to the latest version released withStorage Foundation in order to take advantage of new functionality built into YEA.You can use the YEA with 4.1 and later to manage 3.5.2 and later releases.

When adding packages manually. you must install the Volume Manager(VRTSvl ie. VRTSvxvrn) and the infrastructure packages (VRTSat. VRTSpbx.VRTSieseo) before installing the YEA server packages. After installation. alsoadd the YEA startup scripts directory. / opt/VRTSob/bin. to the PATHenvironment variable.

Lesson 2 Installationand Interfaces 2-21Copyright ,,2006 Symanrec Corporation. Anuqhts resorvoo

syrnanrec

Starting the VEA Server and ClientOnce installed, the VEA server starts up automaticallyat system startup.

To start the VEA server manually:1. Log on as superuser.

2. Start the VEA server by invoking the server program:

/opt/VRTSob/bin/vxsvc (on Solaris and HP-UX)

/opt/VRTSob/bin/vxsvcctrl (on Linux)

When the VEAserver is started:/var /vx/ isis/vxis is. lock ensures that only one instanceof the VEA server is running./var/vx/isis/vxisis .log contains server process logmessages.

To start the VEA client:On UNIX: /opt/VRTSob/bin/veaOnWindows: Select Start->Programs->VERIT AS->VERITAS Enterprise Administrator.

Starting the VEA Server

In order to use YEA. the YEA server must be running on the UNIX machine to beadministered. Only one instance of the VEA server should be running at a time.Once installed. the YEA server starts up automatically at system startup. You canstart the YEA server manually by invoking vxsvc (on Solaris and HP-UX).vxsvcctrl (on Linux ), or by invoking the startup script itself, for example:

Solaris

/etc/rc2.d/S73isisd start~IP-LJX

/sbin/rc2.d/S700isisd start

The YEA client call provide simultaneous access to multiple host machines. Eachhost machine must be running the VEA server.

Note: Entries for your user name and password must exist in the password file orcorresponding Network Information Name Service table on the machine to beadministered. Your user name must also be included in the YERITASadministration group (v r t s adm, by default) in the group tile or NIS group table.If the vrtsadm entry does not exist. only root can run YEA.

You can contigure YEA to connect automatically to hosts when you start the YEAclient. In the YEA main window. the Favorite Hosts node can contain a list ofhosts that arc reconnected by default at the startup of the YEA client.

2-22Copyright .; 2006 Svrnantec Corpcrahon. AU nqnts reserved


, symanrec.

Managing VEAThe VEA server program is:/opt/VRTSob/bin/vxsvc (Solaris and HP-UX)/opt/VRTSob/bin/vxsvcctrl (Linux)

To confirm that the VEA server is running:vxsvc -m (Solaris and HP-UX)

vxsvcctrl status (Linux)

To stop and restart the VEA server:/etc/init.d/isisd restart (Solaris)/sbin/init.d/isisd restart (HP-UX)

To kill the VEA server process:vxsvc -k (Solaris and HPUX)

vxsvcctrl stop (Linux)

To display the VEA version number:

vxsvc -v (Solaris and HP-UX)

vxsvcctrl version (Linux)

Managing the VEA Server

IMonitoring VEA Event and Task Logs

You can monitor VEA server events and tasks from the [vent Log and Task Lognodes in the VEA object tree. You can also view the VEA log file. which is locatedat /var /vx/ isis/vxisis. log. This tile contains trace messages for the V[Aserver and VEA service providers.

Copylight

symantcc

Labs and solutions for this lesson are located on the following pages:

Appendix A provides complete lab instructions, "lab ::: lnstatl.uiou andhucrruccs." I'a~l' ,\ ..7

Appendix B provides complete lab instructions and solutions, "Lab 2 Solutiuns:lnstullation and lnrcriucc-." page n 7

Lesson Summary

Key PointsIn this lesson, you learned guidelines for a first-time installation of VERITAS Storage Foundation,as well as an introduction to the three interfacesused to manage VERITAS Storage Foundation.

Reference Materials- VERITAS Volume Manager Administrator's Guide- VERITAS Storage Foundation Installation Guide- VERITAS Storage Foundation Release Notes- Storage Foundation Management ServerAdministrator's Guide

2-24

Lab 2

Lab 2: Installation and InterfacesIn this lab, you install VERITAS StorageFoundation 5.0 on your lab system. You alsoexplore the Storage Foundation user interfaces,including the VERITAS Enterprise Administratorinterface, the vxdiskadmmenu interface, and thecommand-line interface.

For Lab Exercises, see Appendix A.For Lab Solutions, see Appendix B,

Copynqt-t ( 20DI'}Svrnantec Lorpcratton All riqhts leserved

VERITAS Storage Foundation 5,0 for UNIX: Fundamentals

Lesson 3

Creating a Volume and File System

svmantec

Lesson Introduction

Lesson 1: Virtual Objects

Lesson 2: Installation and Interfaces

Lesson 3: Creating a Volume and File "",',System

Lesson 4: Selecting Volume Layouts

Lesson 5: Making Basic ConfigurationChanges

Lesson 6: Administering File Systems Lesson 7: Resolving Hardware Problems

~ ~~'" ,~,"';'~;i!1I.. , symantccLesson Topics and Objectives

Topic After completing this lesson, you will beable to:

Topic 1: Preparing Disks and Initialize an OS disk as a VxVM disk andDisk Groups for Volume create a disk group by using VEA andCreation command-line utilities.

Topic 2: Creating a Volume Create a concatenated volume by using VEAand from the command-line,

Topic 3: Adding a File System Add a file system to and mount an existingtoa Volume volume.

Topic 4: Displaying Volume Display volume layout information by usingConfiguration Information VEA and by using the vxprint command.

Topic 5: Displaying Disk and View disk and disk group information andDisk Group Information identify disk status.

Topic 6: Removing Volumes, Remove a volume, evacuate a disk, remove aDisks, and Disk Groups disk from a disk group, and destroy a disk

group.

3-2Cop;lfIyhl'~ 2006 Svrnantec COrpOI(ltloll All rights reserved

VERITAS Storage Foundation 5,0 for UNIX: Fundamentals

."-*..,,. ,.dt~., d"U1I;:MSelecting a Disk Naming SchemeTypes of naming schemes: Traditional device naming: OS-dependent and based on

physical connectivity information Enclosure-based naming: OS-independent, based on the

logical name of the enclosure, and customizable

You can select a naming scheme: When you run Storage Foundation installation scripts Using vxdiskadm, "Change the disk naming scheme"

Enclosure-based named disks are displayed in threecategories:

Enclosures: enclosurenarne #Disks: Disk #Others: Disks that do not return a path-independent identifierto VxVM are displayed in the traditional OS-based format.

Preparing Disks and Disk Groups for Volume Creation-Here are some examples of naming schemes:

Naming Scheme Example

Traditional Solaris: /dev/ l r l dsk/clt9dOs2HP-UX: /dev/ l r ] dsk/c3t2dO (no slice)

AIX: /dev/hdisk2I.inux: /dev/sda. /dev/hda

Enclosure-based senaO- 1.senaO-2,senaO- 3..

Enclosure-based Customized englab2.hrl.boston3

I

Benefits of enclosure-based naming include:

Easier fault isolation: Storage Foundation can more effectively place data andmetadata to ensure data availability.

Device-name independence: Storage Foundation is independent of arbitrarydevice names used by third-party drivers.

Improved SAN management: Storage Foundation can create better locationidentification information about disks in large disk limns and SANs.

Improved cluster management: In a cluster environment. disk array nameson all hosts in a cluster can be the same.

Improved dynamic multipathing (DMP) management: With multipathcddisks. the name of a disk is independent of the physical communication paths.avoiding confusion and conflict.

Copyrighl;~ 2006 Symantec Corporation. All nqtus reserved

3-3Lesson 3 Creating a Volume and File System

symantec

~

Stage 1: ;Initialize disk. J

~ !Uninitialized :

Disk ;

Stage 2:Assign diskto disk group.

Before Configuring a Disk for Use by VxVM

In order to use the space ofa physical disk to build VxVM volumes, you mustplace the disk under Volume Manager control. Before a disk can be placed undervolume Manager control, the disk media must be formatted outside ofVxVMusing standard operating system formatting methods. SCSI disks arc usuallyprcformaued. After a disk is formatted. the disk can be initialized for use byVolume Manager. In other words. disks must be detected by the operating system,before VxVM can detect the disks.

Stage One: Initialize a Disk

A formatted physical disk is considered un initialized until it is initialized for useby VxVM. When a disk is initialized. the public and private regions are created.and VM disk header information is written to the private region. Any data orpartitions that may have existed on the disk are removed.

These disks are under Volume Manager control but cannot be used by VolumeManager until they are added to a disk group.

Note: Encapsulation is another method of placing a disk under VxVM control inwhich existing data on the disk is preserved. This method is covered in a laterlesson.

Changing the Disk Layout

To display or change the default values that are used for initializing disks, selectthe "Change/display the default disk layouts" option in vxdiskadm:

3-4 VERITAS Storage Foundation 5.0 for UNIX: FundamentalsCOPYright ,~, 2006 Svmantec Cornorauon All fights reserved

For disk initialization. you can change the default format and the default lengthof the private region. If the attribute settings for initializing disks are stored inthe user-created tile. / etc/ defaul t /vxdi s k, they apply to all disks to beinitializedOn Solaris for disk encapsulation. you can additionally change the offsetvalues for both the private and public regions. To make encapsulationparameters different from the default VxVM values. create the user-detined/ etc/ defaul t /vxencap tile and place the parameters in this tile.On HP-UX when converting LVM disks. you can change the default formatand the default private region length. The attribute settings are stored in the/etc/default/vxencap file.

Stage Two: Assign a Disk to a Disk Group

When you add a disk to a disk group. VxVM assigns a disk media name to the diskand maps this name to the disk access name.

Disk media name: A disk media name is the logical disk name assigned to adrive by VxVM. VxVM uses this name to identify the disk for volumeoperations. such as volume creation and mirroring.Disk access name: A disk access name represents all UNIX paths to thedevice. A disk access record maps the physical location to the logical nameand represents the link between the disk media name and the disk accessname.Disk access records arc dynamic and can be re-created when vxdctl enableis run.

The disk media name and disk access name. in addition to the host name. arewritten to the private region of the disk. Space in the public region is madeavailable for assignment to volumes. Volume Manager has full control of the disk.and the disk can be used to allocate space tor volumes. Whenever the VxVMconfiguration daemon is started (or vxdctl enable is run). the system reads theprivate region on every disk and establishes the connections between disk accessnames and disk media names.

A tier disks are placed under Volume Manager control. storage is managed in termsof the logical configuration. File systems mount to logical volumes. not to physicalpartitions. Logical names. such as/dev/vx/ l r l dsk/diskgroup/volume_name. replace physical locations.such as /dev/ [rl dsk/ device_name.

The free space in a disk group refers to the space on all disks within the disk groupthat has not been allocated as subdisks, When you place a disk into a disk group.its space becomes part or the tree space pool of the disk group.

Stage Three: Assign Disk Space to Volumes

When you create volumes. space in the public region of a disk is assigned to thevolumes. Some operations. such as removal of a disk from a disk group. arerestricted itspace on a disk is ill use by a volume.

Lesson 3 Creating a Volume and File System

Copyright c 2006 Symantcc Corporation All rignls reserved

I

3-5

Disk Group Purposessym.uuec

Disk groups enableyou to: Group disks into logical

collections for a set ofusers or applications.

Easily move groups ofdisks from one host toanother.

Ease administration ofhigh availabilityenvironments throughdeport and importoperations.

sysdg L[~~r[j[j[j[j

VM disksVM disks

LiJ:~=:Ifqfigill [j [j[j [j [j [j [j [j

VM disks VM disks

What Is a Disk Group?

A disk group is a collection of physical disks, volumes, plexes, and subdisks thatare used for a common purpose. A disk group is created when you place at leastone disk in the disk group. When you add a disk to a disk group. a disk group entryis added to the private region header of that disk. Because a disk can only have onedisk group entry in its private region header. one disk group does not "knowabout" other disk groups, and therefore disk groups cannot share resources, such asdisk drives, plexes, and volumes.

A volume with a plcx can belong to on ly one disk group. and subdisks and plexesofa volume must be stored in the same disk group. You can never have an "empty"disk group, because you cannot remove all disks from a disk group withoutdestroying the disk group.

Why Are Disk Groups Needed?

Disk groups assist disk management in several ways:Disk groups enable the grouping of disks into logical collections for aparticular set of users or applications.Disk groups enable data. volumes. and disks to be easily moved from one hostmachine to another.Disk groups ease the administration of high availability environments. Diskdrives can be shared by two or more hosts. but they can be accessed by onlyone host at a time. I f one host crashes. the other host can take over its diskgroups and therefore its disks.

3-6 VERITAS Storage Foundation 5.0 for UNIX: FundamentalsCopynght@ 2006 Svmantec Corporanon All flghLS reservec

System-Wide Reserved Disk Groups

Reserved I System A I [iJ acc~names: LEi8J bootdg bootdg sysdg defaultdg defaultdg acctdg mJ[j EJEH"HJI nodg

1::---'1I System Bbootdg nodgdefaultdg nodgnoc1g1s the default value torbootdg and defaultdg.

To display what is set asbootdg or defaul tdg:vxdg bootdgvxdg defaultdgTo set the default disk group after VxVMinstallation:vxdctl defaultdg diskgroup I

System-Wide Reserved Disk Groups

VxVM has reserved three disk group names that are used to provide boot diskgroup and default disk group functionality. The names "bootdg, .,"de f au I tdg, " and "nodq" arc system-wide reserved disk group names andcannot be used as names for any of the disk groups that you set up.

If you choose to place your boot disk under VxVM control. VxVM assignsbootdg as an alias for the name of the disk group that cuntains the volumes thatare used to boot the system.

deaultdg is an alias for the disk group name that should be assumed if the -goption is not specified to a command. You can set defaul tdg when you installVERITAS Volume Manager or anytime alter installation.

By default. both bootdg and defaul tdg arc set to nodg.

NotesThe definitions ofbootdg and defaul tdg are written to the volboot file.The definition ofbootdg results in a symbolic link from the named bootdgin /dev/vx/dsk and /dev/vx/rdsk.

The rootdg disk group name is no longer a reserved name for VxVMversions after 4.0. If you arc upgrading from a version ofVolume Managerearlier than 4.0 where the system disk is encapsulated in the rootdg diskgroup, the bootdg is assigned the value of rootdg automatically.

Copyright'f 2006 Symantec Corporation All rights reserved

3-7Lesson 3CreatingaVolumeandFileSystem

syrnantcc

To create a disk group, you add a disk to a disk group. You can add a single disk or multiple disks. You cannot add a disk to more than one disk group.

Default disk media names vary with the interface used toadd the disk to a disk group, but they are conventionallyin the format diskgroup##, such as datadgOO,datadgOl, and so on.

Disk media names must be unique within a disk group.

Adding a disk to a disk group makes the disk spaceavailable for use in creating Volume Manager volumes.

Creating a Disk Group

A disk must be placed into a disk group before it can be used by VxVM. A diskgroup cannot exist without having at least one associated disk. When you create anew disk group. you specify a name for the disk group and at least one disk to addto the disk group. The disk group name must be unique for the host machine.

Adding Disks

To add a disk to a disk group, you select an un initialized disk or a free disk. If thedisk is uninitializcd, you must initialize the disk before you can add it to a diskgroup.

Disk Naming

When you add a disk to a disk group, the disk is assigned a disk media name. Thedisk media name is a logical name used tor VxVM administrative purposes.

Notes on Disk Naming

You can change disk media names after the disks have been added to disk groups.However. if you must change a disk media name, it is recommended that you makethe change before using the disk for any volumes. Renaming a disk does notrename the subdisks on the disk, which may be confusing.

Assign logical media names. rather than use the device names. to facilitatetransparent logical replacement of failed disks. Assuming that you have a sensibledisk group naming strategy, the VEA or vxdiskadm default disk naming schemeis a reasonable pol icy to adopt.

3-8COPYright ~ 2006 Symantec Corporation. All rights reserveo


ICreate a disk group or add disks using vxdiskadm:"Add or initialize one or more disks"Initialize disks:vxdisksetup -i device_tag [attributes)

vxdisksetup - i Disk 1 (Enclosure-based naming)vxdisksetup -i c2tOdO (Solaris and HP-UX)vxdisksetup -i hdisk2 (AIX)vxdisksetup - i sda2 (Linux)Initialize the disk group by adding at least one disk:vxdg init diskgroup disk_name=device_tag

vxdg init datadg datadgOl=Disk_l

Add more disks to the disk group:vxdg -g diskgroup adddisk disk_name=device_tag

vxdg -g datadg adddisk datadg02=Disk_2

From the vxdiskadm main menu, select the "Add or initialize one or more disks"option. Specify the disk group to which the disk should be added. To add the diskto a new disk group, you type a name for the new disk group. You use this samemenu option to add additional disks to the disk group.

To verify that the disk group was created, you can use vxdisk list.

When you add a disk to a disk group, the disk group configuration is copied ontothe disk, and the disk is stamped with the system host !D.

Creating a Disk Group: vxdiskadm

Lesson 3 Creating a Volume and File SystemCopyright ,~ 2006 Symantec Corporation. All rights reserved

3-9

svrnantcc

New Disk Group Wizard Ei1Ercet e unique neme for this di::.f 9rouP, and then select .5iiI~the disk: to include .11

.-~====~-------,

Av~iIabIe disks: Add >

'3Qts~_O ..!.lAdd AI

Add Disk to Disk Grou~~ ~

Creating a Disk Group: VEA

Select: Disk Groups folder, or a free or uninitialized disk

Navigatlun path: Acrions=-c-Ncw Disk Group

Input: Group Name: Type the name of the disk group to be created.

Available/Selected disks: Select at least one disk to be placed inthe new disk group.Disk names: To speci ty a disk media name for the disk that youarc placing in the disk group. type a name in the Disk name field.Itno disk name is specified. VxVM assigns a default name. If youarc adding multiple disks and specify only one disk name. VxVMappends numbers to create unique disk names.Organization Principle: In an Intelligent Storage Provisioning(ISP) environment. you can organize the disk group based onpolicies that you setup. This option is covered in a later lesson.

Comment: Any user comments

Create cluster group: Displayed on HP-UX plauorms: to createa shared disk group. mark this check box: only applicable in acluster environment.

Activation 'lode: Displayed on HP-UX platforms: applies tocluster environments: possible values are on: Read write. Readonly: the default selling is Read write for non-clusterenvironments.

Notc: When working in a SAN environment. or any environment in which

3-10 VERITAS Storage Foundation 5,0 for UNIX: FundamentalsCopynght':;. ;WOf)Symantec copcreuou. All rights reserved

multiple hosts may share access to disks. it is recommended that you perform arescan operation to update the YEA view of the disk status before allocating anydisks. From the command line, you can run vxdctl enable.

Adding a Disk: VEA

Select: A free or unuutinlized disk

Navlgation path: Aclions->AJd Disk 10 Disk Group

Input: Disk Group name: Select an existing disk group.New disk group: Click the ~ew disk group button 10 add the diskto a new disk group.Select the disk to add: You can move disks between the Selecteddisks and Available disks fields by using the Add and Removebuttons.

Disk Name(s): By defa

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