verification of serviceability - crack control · 2020. 11. 16. · györgy l. balázs, honorary...
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György L. Balázs, Honorary President of fib Prof. Budapest Univ of Techn. and Economics
fib Model Code 2020 perspectives and
Verification of serviceability - CRACK CONTROL
27 Oct 2017 Montevideo, Uruguay
BME (1782)
Budapest University of
Technology and Economics Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay 1/85
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Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay
BME (1782)
Budapest University of
Technology and Economics
Where I come from? Parlament Budapest Univ of Techn.
2/85
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Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay
BME (1782)
Budapest University of
Technology and Economics
• Liszt Ferenc (1811 - 1886) • Kodály Zoltán (1882 - 1967) • Bartók Béla (1881 - 1945)
Hungarian composers
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Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay
BME (1782)
Budapest University of
Technology and Economics
Nobel prize winners of Hungarian origin • 1905 Lénárd Fülöp • 1914 Bárány Róbert • 1925 Zsigmondy Richárd • 1937 Szent-Györgyi Albert • 1943 Hevesy György • 1961 Békésy György • 1963 Wigner Jenő • 1971 Gábor Dénes • 1976 Daniel Carleton Gajdusek • 1976 Milton Friedman • 1986 Elie Wiesel • 1986 Polányi János • 1994 Harsányi János • 1994 Oláh György • 2002 Kertész Imre • 2004 Herskó Ferenc
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Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay
BME (1782)
Budapest University of
Technology and Economics
Hungarian inventions
• Matches • Ball pen (Bíró) • Camera • Dynamo • Basic language • Floppy disk • Rubik cube • Telephone system • Particle accelerator
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Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay
BME (1782)
Budapest University of
Technology and Economics
Hungarian football Puskás Ferenc
Congratulations for the football Uruguay!
6/85
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fib = CEB + FIP: 60+ years of history; Presidents
1953-57 André Balency-Béarn (F)
1967-68 Franco Levi (I)
1968-71 Hubert Rüsch (D)
1971-78 Andrew Short (UK)
1979-83 Julio Ferry-Borges (P)
1983-87 Theodossios Tassios (GR)
1987-98 Roy Rowe (UK)
1953-58 Eugéne Freyssinet (F)
1958-61 Eduardo Torroja (E)
1961-66 Yves Guyon (F)
1966-70 Franco Levi (I)
1970-74 Gerrit F. Janssonius (NL)
1974-78 Ben C. Gerwick Jr. (USA)
1978-82 Roger Lacroix (F)
1982-84 John Derrington (UK)
1984-88 Hans Wittfoht (D)
1988-92 René Walther (CH)
1992-96 Jan Moksnes (N)
1996-98 Michel Virlogeux (F)
1998-2000 Michel Virlogeux (F)
2000-2002 Joost Walraven (NL)
2002-2004 Jim Forbes (AUS)
2005-2007 Giuseppe Mancini (I)
2007-2008 Hans-Rudolf Ganz (CH)
2009-2010 Michael Fardis (GR)
2011-2012 György L. Balázs (H)
2013-2014 Gordon Clark (UK)
2015-2016 Harald S. Müller (D)
2017-2018 Hugo Corres (E)
fib = Internatonal Federation for Structural Concrete
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VOTING ON MODEL CODE 2010 29 Oct 2011, Lausanne
Historic fib Photo:
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WE ALL PARTICIPATE IN THE CREATION OF
CONCETE STRUCTURES
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Developments should be included in codes
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1. Resistant
2. Serviceable
3. Durable
4. Constructable
5. Aesthetic
6. Economic
REQUIREMENTS TO CONCRETE STRUCTURES
Concrete must be:
Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay
BME (1782)
Budapest University of
Technology and Economics 11/85
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7. Robust enough to avoid
progressive collaps
8. Require minimal maintenance
9. Able to embed waste materials
10. Provide barriers against hazards
11. Provide protection against accidents
12. Reusable
13. Recycable
14. Fire and earthquake resistant
15. Environmentally compatible and
support sustainability
and also:
Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay
BME (1782)
Budapest University of
Technology and Economics 12/85
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Workshop - La Plata - Argentina - 3 Octubre 2017 fib
General Assembly
Technical Council
Commissions Task Groups
Working Parties
Presidium Secretariat
Materials & production
COM3 Existing
Concrete
Structures
COM2 Analysis &
design
COM1 Concrete
structures
Planning & execution
COM6 Prefabrication
COM5 Reinforcement
COM4 Concrete &
concrete
technology
COM8 Durability
COM7 Sustainability
COM9 Dissemination
of knowledge
Sustainability & durability Education & publications
COM10
Model Codes
THE fib’s STRUCTURE
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Main activity of fib is: Pre-codification
Evolution of Model Codes
Model Code 2010 Model Code 1978
CEB Bull. 165 Seismic Design
Model Code 1990
fib Bull. 34 Service Life Design
Model Code
2020
Creating fib-URUGUAY 14/85
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1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
1978
CEB-FIP
Model Code 78
ENV 1992-1-1
CEB-FIP
Model Code 90
EN 1992-1-1
fib
Model Code 2010
Revised
EN 1992-1-1
MC78 and MC90 were used in Brazil partly as national codes
Collaboration with Asian Model code
Collaboration with African Model code
Model Codes are used as reference documents
both in research and in design
STRONG INFLUENCE OF fib (CEB-FIP) MODEL CODES
ON CODE DEVELOPEMENTS
fib is a pre-normative organization
15/85 Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Creating fib-URUGUAY
www.ernst-und-sohn.de.mc2010
16/85
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MODEL CODE 2010
Most comprehensive code for concrete structures
DESIGN
CON-
STRUC
-TION
CON-
SERVA-
TION
DIS-
MANTL-
ING
Safety Servicability Durability Sustainability
Performance based requirements
Includes whole life of structures
New types
of concretes
New types
of rf-s
Composite
structures
Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay 17/85
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TYPES OF STRUCTURES
BUILD-
INGS
BRIDGES
NEW
STRUC-
TURES
EXSIT-
ING
STRUC-
TURES
CAST
IN SITU PRECAST
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CONTENT – fib MODEL CODE 2010
3. BASIC PRINCIPLES
1-2. NOTATIONS, SCOPE, TERMINOLOGY
4. PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN
5. MATERIALS
6. INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS
7. DESIGN
8. CONSTRUCTION
9. CONSERVATION
10. DISMANTLEMENT
Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay 19/85
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Main activity of fib is: Pre-codification
Evolution of Model Codes
Model Code
2020
Creating fib-URUGUAY
We are happy to have you interest to develop it together!
20/85
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Workshop - La Plata - Argentina - 3 Octubre 2017 fib
JCI-fib Joint Workshop Japan Sept 2016
ABECE Abicic Workshop
Brasil Sept 2017
PCI Workshop Denver Feb 2018
Workshop Cape Town
Nov 17 - 24 2016
Workshop Australia-Adelaida Oct
2017
Interactive Session on MC2020 - Maastricht,
14 June 2017
MC2020 Initiative – Global involvement
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Workshop - La Plata - Argentina - 3 Octubre 2017 fib
COM10 – First Meeting. Lausanne, 15 October 2016 at the EPFL
THE fib’s WAY OF WORKING
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Workshop - La Plata - Argentina - 3 Octubre 2017 fib
MC2010 for Concrete Structures
• A code, basically, for new and old structures
• Introduction of “conceptual design” to stimulate creativity
• Design with due regard to service life of structures
• First introduction of sustainability
• Improved safety formats for new and existing structures
• Improved constitutive relations for old and new types of concrete, with due
attention to durability aspects
• Steel fibres and non-metallic reinforcement as new alternatives for
reinforcing concrete structures
• Wide scope of loading types (static, fatigue, impact, explosion, seismic,
fire, cryogenic)
• Scientifically based models, with simplified versions for lower level
approximations (daily practice)
• Introduction of reliability concepts in numerical analysis
• Introduction of maintenance strategies for through-life care
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Workshop - La Plata - Argentina - 3 Octubre 2017 fib
• MC 2020 will be a single, merged structural code for new
and existing structures
• It will be an operational model code and oriented towards
practical needs
• It has to present more general and more rational models,
removing all heritage from previous empirical design rules
(MC2010 was an important step forward, but further steps
are possible, and needed)
• It will recognize the needs of engineering communities
around the world. MC 2020 has to be a real International
Code.
fib MC2020
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2017 Statutory member countries (National delegations)
We would
be
pleased
to count
Uruguay
among
our
statutory
members
Creating fib-URUGUAY 25/85
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Workshop - La Plata - Argentina - 3 Octubre 2017 fib
The fib’s Structural Concrete Journal
Impact factor 2016: 1.424
6 issues from 2016
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Workshop - La Plata - Argentina - 3 Octubre 2017 fib
2017: Symposium.
Maastricht. The Netherlands
2018: PhD Symposium
Prague. Czech Republic
2018: Congress.
Melbourne. Australia
2019: Symposium
Krakow. Poland
2020: Symposium
Shanghai. China
Upcoming fib Symposia and Congresses
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Workshop - La Plata - Argentina - 3 Octubre 2017 fib
• Technical reports
• State-of-the-art reports
• Textbooks
• Manuals or guides
• Recommendations
• Model Codes
RESULTS OF COMMISSIONS AND TASK GROUPS ARE PUBLISHED AS
fib BULLETINS
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fib Textbook: STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
Behaviour, design and performance
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- courses 2003 - 2017 2011-12: Nicosia, Athens, New-Delhi, Brescia, Johannesburg, Durban, Cape Town, Milano, Napoli, Ankara
2013: Buenos Aires, Vienna 2014 Mumbai, Guimares
(Updeated: Jan. 2013)
2015: Sao Paolo 2016 Sao Paolo, Cape Town
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PhD Symposia
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32
ACI-fib Collaboration: 1st Int. Conf. on Concrete Sustainability (ICCS13), Tokyo May 2013
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Verification of serviceability - CRACK CONTROL
27 Oct 2017 Montevideo, Uruguay
BME (1782)
Budapest University of
Technology and Economics Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay 33/85
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Every engineer in the world knows about
GOTO CRACKS (Goto,1971)
Indication of difference between micro cracks and macro cracks
BME (1782)
Budapest University of
Technology and Economics Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay 34/85
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MÖRSCH (1908) (Der Eisenbetonbau, seine Theorie und Anwendung)
)
Cracking in structures:
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Cracks are visable
BME (1782)
Budapest University of
Technology and Economics 36/85 Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay
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SHAPE OF FLEXURAL CRACK AND COVER THICKNESS
section A-A
A
A
BME (1782)
Budapest University of
Technology and Economics 37/85 Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay
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MEASURED CORROSION RATES (Otsuki, Miyazoto, Diola, Suzuki, 2000)
BME (1782)
Budapest University of
Technology and Economics Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay 38/85
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MEASURED CORROSION RATES (Otsuki, Miyazoto, Diola, Suzuki, 2000)
The corrosion rates of main reinforcing bars and stirrups near a
bending crack were clarified.
Micro-cell: current refers to
the current flowing in the cell
when only one steel
component is involved.
Macro-cell: the total electric
current flowing through all
the adjacent steel
components. 39/85
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-The influences of bending cracks and
w/c on the corrosion rates of
reinforcing bars were very large.
- In the vicinity of a bending crack a
macrocell was formed and the
corrosion rate increased remarkably.
-Since alkali content increases with the
decrease in w/c, the corrosion rate
slows down with low w/c.
MEASURED CORROSION RATES (Otsuki, Miyazoto, Diola, Suzuki, 2000)
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Our everyday life is full of worries
about cracks
Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay 41/85
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In the Antarktis
a crack produced separation of ice 10 July 2013, Wednesday - 13:54
http://richpoi.com/cikkek/tudomany/uj-jeghegy-szuletett-a-deli-sarkvideken.html
Pine Island-Glacier (PIG) Cracking in the nature:
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720 km2 ice cracked away in the Antarktis
Pine Island-Glacier (PIG)
10 July 2013, Wednesday - 13:54
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CEOS Project
STUDIES:
Cracking under mon load
Free shrinkage
Restrained shrinkage
Thermo-hydro effects
Alternating cyclic load
MEASUEREMENTS:
LVDTs,
VibrAting gauges,
Optical sensors,
Acoustic sensors
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ConCrack4: OBSERVATIONS
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CAUSES OF CRACKING
1. Technological plastic shrinkage
(early age) plastic settlement…
2. Loads and imposed deformations
(hardened concrete)
3. Volumetric changes in concrete
temperature differences
AAR, ASR… BME (1782)
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NEEDS FOR CRACK CONTROL
• tightness (water and gas)
• durability
propagation of corrosion
permeability, chloride ingress…
Where is the limit?
• appearance
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Water and gas
tightness
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WATER
TIGHT-
NESS?
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SELF
HEAL-
ING?
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Pontoons need to swim
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There are many
other reasons of cracks
In concrete structures
in
early ages and in service
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Cracking between concretes of different ages
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Cracking from stress concentrations
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Railway
sleeper
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Airport
runway
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Precast form joints
runway
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MC2010 Ch. 3 Basic Principles
SERVICEABILITY LIMIT
STATES (SLS)
The states beyond which specified demands for a
structure or a structural component related to its
normal use or function are no longer met.
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SLS criteria are related to
• Unaceptable deformations or deflections
→ impair functionality
→ damage to non-structural elements
→ discomfort to people
→ effect appearance
• Excessive cracking and slip in connections
→ affect efficiency
→ affect tightness
→ affect appearance, but
→ does not effect structural safety
• Exessive vibrations
→ impair user’s comfort and structural effectivess
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DEFINITION OF CRACK WIDTH
dxxxwrs
cs )()(0
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fib MODEL CODE 2010
7.6 DESIGN: SLS - Cracking and deflecions
Tensile force-strain diagram Crack control
Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay
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fib MODEL CODE 2010
7.6 DESIGN: SLS - Cracking and deflections
Tensile force-strain diagram
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fib MODEL CODE 2010
7.6 DESIGN: SLS - Cracking and deflections
Tensile force-strain diagram Crack formation phase
Stabilized cracking
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fib MODEL CODE 2010
7.6 DESIGN: SLS - Cracking and deflections
Tensile force-strain diagram
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fib MODEL CODE 2010
7.6 DESIGN: SLS - Cracking and deflections
Crack control
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fib MODEL CODE 2010
7.6 DESIGN: SLS - Cracking and deflections
Crack control
-
Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay
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fib MODEL CODE 2010
7.6 DESIGN: SLS - Cracking and deflections
Crack control
-
Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay
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fib MODEL CODE 2010
7.6 DESIGN: SLS - Cracking and deflections
Crack control
-
Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay
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fib MODEL CODE 2010
7.6 DESIGN: SLS - Cracking and deflections
Crack control
-
Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay
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fib MODEL CODE 2010
7.6 DESIGN: SLS - Cracking and deflections
Crack control
-
Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay
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fib MODEL CODE 2010
7.6 DESIGN: SLS - Cracking and deflections
Crack control
-
Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay
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fib MODEL CODE 2010
7.6 DESIGN: SLS - Cracking and deflections
Crack control
-
Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Effective concrete area in tension
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The tie model
MC2010
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Values for bm
, and r for
deformed reinforcing bars
Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Values for bm
, and r for
deformed reinforcing bars
-
Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Values for bm
, and r for
deformed reinforcing bars
-
Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Values for bm
, and r for
deformed reinforcing bars
-
Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Crack width limits (wlim) (in mm) for RC and PC members
with bonded prestressing steel (Table 7.6-1 of MC2010). Exposure classes
are given according to Table 4.7-2 of MC2010 and ISO 22965-1.
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BOND
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CRACKING
IN
STEEL FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE
Plain concrete Steel fibre reinforced
concrete
Aggregate
Steel
fibres
Cement
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CRACK DISTRIBUTION (Kovács, Balázs, 2004)
Stirrups: f4/120-0 V% fiber content
0,00
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,10
0,12
w [
mm
]
S B S
Stirrups: f4/120 - 0,5 V% crimped fiber
0,00
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,10
0,12
w [
mm
]
S B S
Stirrups: f4/120 - 1,0 V% crimped fiber
0,00
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,10
0,12
w [
mm
]
S B S
CRACKS
S+B B S
No. 22 9 13
Sw[mm] 1.45 0.74 0.71
wm [mm] 0.066 0.082 0.055
sw [mm] 82 67 92
CRACKS
S+B B S
No. 23 9 14
Sw[mm] 0.945 0.445 0.500
wm [mm] 0.041 0.049 0.036
sw [mm] 78 67 86
CRACKS
S+B B S
No. 30 17 13
Sw[mm] 1.030 0.585 0.445
wm [mm] 0.034 0.034 0.034
sw [mm] 60 35 92
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(Balázs, 1991)
Reversed cyclic loading produces increase in slip and crack widths
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Members of fib Task Group 2.1
„Serviceability Models”
CZ: Vítek, J., Cervenka, V.;
Kohountková, A;
F: Bisch, P.; Torrenti, J.-M.
Toutlemond, F.; Lorrain, M.
D: Eckfeldt, L.; Fehling, E.;
Ozbolt, J.; Windisch, A.;
H: Balázs, G.L.; Borosnyói,A.;
Lenkei,P.
I: Ceroni, F.; Debernardini, P. G.;
Pecce, M.; Taliano, M.,
Chiorino, M.
J: Ueda, T.
E: Caldentey, A. P., Mari-Bernat, A.;
Torres, L.
CH: Burdet, O.; Burns, C.
Tun: Daoud, A.
UK: Beeby†, A. W.; Lark, B.
Balázs, G.L.: fib MC2020 perspective _ SLS - Crack Control, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Thanks!
Be careful
with cracks
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