verbo to be. i you we they he she it am are is interrogativas
TRANSCRIPT
Verbo To Be
I
YouWeThey
HeSheIt
Am
Are
IS
Interrogativas
Interrogativas• Verbo To be
You are / were playing football. Are / Were you playing football?
• Auxiliares – do/does (Presente)
She plays the piano very well. Does she play the piano very well?
• Auxiliares – did (Passado)
She played the piano very well. Did she play the piano very well?
Presente
Presente
IYouWeThey
HeSheIt
Works
Work
Diagram of Frequency
Always0%100%
Usually
Often
Sometimes
Rarely
SeldomFrequently
Never
Presente Contínuo
Presente Contínuo
Presente do verbo to be + verbo + ing
I amYou areHe isShe isIt isWe areYou areThey are
+ to be + Working
I am working now.
You are not wearing
He is walking
You are not doing
You are sitting
They are not eating
Passado
Passado
IYouHe, She, ItWeYouThey
Worked / drove (Regular) (Irregular)
Usos
• Ações definidas no passado com expressões que indicam passado (yesterday, ago, last night, etc)
Jack swan in the gym last night.
Kate saw a ghost two months ago.
Passado Contínuo
Passado Contínuo
• Passado do verbo to be + verbo + ing
I You He, She, It We You They
+ passado do To Be + Working / driving
I was working yesterday.
Usos
• Ação que estava acontecendo no passado
They were talking with me yesterday.
• Ação que estava acontecendo e começou outra
She was playing guitar when the bell rang.
metwas shoppingwas walking
beganwas workinghurted
was staying went
didforgot
were living
sawwas working
was talking went
was
Futuros
Futuro Simples
• Afirmativa – will + verbo no infinitivo sem o “to”
I will sing next week.
It will rain next week.
Futuro Contínuo
• Will + be + verbo + ing
At this time next week, I will be travelling to Paris.
• Dizer que algo estará em andamento em um certo instante no futuro
I will be living in London next year.
Futuro com “going to”
• Verbo to be + going to + verbo no infinitivo sem “to” (geralmente com advérbio de tempo)
I am going to watch a movie tomorrow.
• Expressar intenções, planos ou decisões
She is going to eat pasta.
Leave/room
KATE
PAULO
MARY
JOHN
Presente Perfeito
Presente Perfeito
• Have / has + 3ª coluna
They have seen a blue bird.
• Ação indefinita no passado
We have finished our homework.
• Com since (= desde) e for (= há, faz)
She has lived in London since 1983.
Passado vs. Presente Perfeito
• Passado – especifica o tempo
Paul lost his keys yesterday.
• Presente Perfeito – não especifíca o tempo
Paul has lost his keys.
Present Perfect vs. Simple Past
1) Peter _______ football yesterday.2) The girls _______________ their lunch
yet.3) Last year we ______ to Italy.4) _____ you _____ the game of chess?
played
have not eaten
went
wonHave
Passado Perfeito
Passado Perfeito
• Had + 3ª coluna
After I had finished lunch, I watched TV.
• Ação que ocorreu no passado antes de outra ação também no passado
He didn’t go to the cinema because he had already seen the movie.
had spent
lefthad phoned
had washedturned on
arrived had started
wanted
Adjetivos e Pronomes
Possessivos
Adjetivos Possessivos
Adjetivos Demonstrativos
Pronomes Relativos e Reflexivos
Pronomes Relativos
Pronomes Relativos
• Who = quem – usado antes de verbo e pessoa
The lady who left the room is my cousin. • Whom = quem – usado apenas antes de pessoa
The lady whom I talked to is my cousin.
Pronomes Relativos• Which = que, o (a) qual – usado quando o antecedente for coisa
The bakery which is on the corner is very cheap.
• That = que – usado quando o antecedente for pessoa ou coisa
• Whose = cujo (a) – usado quando o antecedente for pessoa ou coisa, indicando posse
Jane is the woman whose car he crashed into.
Pronomes Relativos• Where = onde – indica lugar
The factory where I work is far from here.
• When = quando - indica tempo
Is there a time when we can meet?
• Why = por que – indica razão
The reason why I’m crying is to invite you to the party.
who
whose
which
whose
who
Pronomes Reflexivos
Usos
• Pronome Reflexivo – após o verbo da oração, concordando com o sujeito
She combs herself before living.
• Pronome Recíproco – each other e one another
John and Mary love each other.
himself
himselfmyself
yourself
herselfourselves
Graus dos Adjetivos
Graus dos Adjetivos
Graus dos Adjetivos
• Comparativo de Igualdade Positivo
As cold as = tão frio quantoWinter is as cold as Autumn.
• Comparativo de Inferioridade
Less cold than = menos frio queAutumn is less cold than Winter.
Graus dos Adjetivos
Graus dos Adjetivos• Comparativo de Superioridade• Palavras Pequenas – er
Tall – taller
I’m taller than you.
• Comparativo de Superioridade• Palavras Grandes – more ... than
Careful – more careful than
An adult is more careful than a child.
Graus dos Adjetivos
Graus dos Adjetivos
• Superlativo de Inferioridade
The least cold = o menos frio
Summer is the least cold season.
Graus dos Adjetivos
Graus dos Adjetivos• Superlativo de Superioridade• Palavras Grandes – the ... est
Tall – the tallest
I’m the tallest person in the class.
• Superlativo de Superioridade• Palavras Pequenas – the most
Careful – the most careful
Snakes are the most careful animal on Earth.
as fast as
not as low asas bad as
as optimistic asnot as windy as
not as tall as
Graus dos Adjetivos Irregulares
nicerolder
most difficult
most interesting
better
more boring
Verbos Modais
Resumo
• Can, could, be able to, may, might permissão, possibilidade
• Should, ought to conselho
• Must, have to obrigação, dever
• Would rather preferência
• Be supposed to expectativa
• Used to/be used to hábito passado/presente
Can / Could
She Can/could/be able to/may/might play the piano.
You should/ought to/had better study more.
You must stop at a stop sign.
I would rather stay home than go to the party.
Classes are supposed to begin at 7:00.
She used to/is used to spend her holidays at the seaside.
Exercícios
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=1859#a
http://users.telenet.be/oldlark2002/GRAMMAR/MODAL-VERBS-1-MULTIPLE-CHOICE.htm
http://www.englishpage.com/grammar/Modal_Verbs/Exercises/
Fala Reportada
Fala Reportada
• Mudanças Verbais
Fala Reportada
• Mudanças Temporais
Fala Reportada
Fala DiretaSam: I am going to buy a bike tomorrow.
Fala ReportadaSam said that he was going to buy a bike
the following day.
Caso Genitivo
Genitive Case
• Indicar posse
• Regra geral acrescentar ’s aos substantivos que não terminam em s.
Jane’s flat is big.
• Se terminar em s, acrescenta-se apenas ’ (apóstrofe).
The birds’ wings.
Genitive Case
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=2452
Peter’s
Children’sJohn’sSusan Steve’sMen’s
Smiths’
Infinitivo vs. Gerundio
Infinitivo
• Forma normal do verbo
• Utilizado com ou sem to
• Após adjetivos, advérbios e substantivos
It’s easy to play the piano.
Gerundio
• Forma ing do verbo
• Após preposições (IMPORTANTE)
I’m afraid of falling down.
Infinitivo / Gerundio
to answer
to getseeing
visiting
Preposições
In
• In – lugar como uma ÁREA
I've been teaching at a college in london.
• In – DENTRO de algo ou algum lugar
The bread is in the oven.
In
• He's in the kitchen.
• There is a shark in the water!
• It was written in the newspaper.
• Chile is a country in South America.
On
• On – lugar como uma SUPERFÍCIE
I sat down on the sofa.
• On – GRUDADO ou ENCOSTADO em algo
The man is on the tree.
On
The book is on the table.
There is a mirror on the wall.
There is a stain on his shirt.
He likes riding on his horse.
At
• At – lugar como um PONTO
She waited at the bus stop for twenty minutes.
• At – refere-se a POSIÇÃO ou LOCALIZAÇÃO
I’m at Hogwarts.
At
• He is at the restaurant.
• They met at a party.
• He is sitting at the corner.
• He was standing at the window.
Voz Passiva
Voz Passiva
• Simple PresentWashes – is washed
• Simple PastWashed – was washed
• Simple FutureWill wash – will be washed
• Present ContinuousIs washing – is being washed
• Past ContinuousWas washing – was being
washed
• Immediate FutureIs going to wash – is going to be
washed
Voz Passiva
• Present PerfectHas washed – has been washed
• Past PerfectHad washed – had been washed
Voz Passiva
• Voz Ativa – Sujeito + verbo + objeto
She bought a book.
• Voz Passiva – Sujeito + verbo to be + verbo no particípio passado
A book was bought (by she).
Voz Passiva
Three cats was rescued.
The reports were handed in.
The blue car was crashed into.
The poem was learned.
The book has been forgotten.
The DVD recorder has not been repaired.