vehicle monitoring using microcontroller

7/24/2019 Vehicle monitoring using microcontroller

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SIR C R REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,

ELURU

Department of Electronics & Communications

Engineering

This is to certify that R.Sridevi and E.Prasoona of

f inal year, Elect ronics and Communica tions engineering

department , are bonafide students of SR C.R.R College of

engineering, Eluru, !est "odavari District, #.P.

$ead of the Department,

Department of ECE


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AUTHORS:

R.Sridevi,

&

E.Prasoona,

Final year, B.E (ECE)

Sir C.R.R COE, Eluru.

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VEHICLE MONIORING !ND CONROL SYSEM

USING MICROCONROLLERS

ABSTRACT :

t is observed that most of the accidents occur due to the drivers

ignorance of traffic and safety rules. t is a practice for the drivers to drive the vehicle

beyond permitted limits. Depending on the terrain, and other conditions, speed

restrictions may be imposed on drivers from time to time. Therefore, a system

monitoring the speed and other desired vehicle parameters can be installed in the

vehicle to 'arn the driver appropriately and intervene to control if necessary .

(ne may not )no' the instantaneous position of a vehicle and its arrival

time. "enerally, the truc) operators depend on intermittent telephone calls made by the

drivers.To overcome such problems, an automatic monitoring system can be

established 'ith monitoring stations located at important ma*or *unctions, cities

through 'hich the vehicles ply. #s the vehicle approaches a monitoring station, it has

to automatically identify itself and upload critical data about the vehicle and operating

conditions. The monitoring station can send modified control parameters and

guidelines to the vehicle driver. +or this purpose, 'e need a R+ radio fre-uency

transceiver system.

n general, vehicle monitoring, trac)ing and such activities are done using

separate systems and they re-uire some mechanical force as input. Speed is monitored

using speedometer and for controlling mechanical force is re-uired to decelerate it.

+uel level monitoring, pro/imity detection, battery monitoring, etc re-uires separate

system. This paper presents a micro0controller0based control and monitoring system.

1ormally 'e need to use e/tra R+ building bloc)s to provide R+ lin) increasing the

system comple/ity. n such cases, a PSoC Programmable System0(n0Chip micro0

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controller can be used in place of conventional approach. n this system, initially a

building bloc) can be used to monitor the status of vehicle and store it in memory.

Then, same building bloc) 'ill be configured as a receiver and the system loo)s for an

approaching monitoring station. The same building bloc) can be configured as

transmitter and used to upload the vehicle information.

# PS(C based system is versatile in that it offers dynamic reconfigurability

in the same C pac)age.

ORGIN!S!ION"

The nature of human being is to lead his life in most comfortable

'ay. (ur paper presents an idea of such system, 'hich is most compact and is portable

so to land it at any place of the vehicle. $o'ever, such techni-ues are being

implemented in many other conventional means but, due to the advent of PS(C &

S(CS Programmable system on chip & system on chip. The systems are being

smaller and smarter.

(ur paper is organi3ed asfollo's. n section , it deals 'ith

introduction of the system. n section , it deals 'ith operation of the system. n

section , it deals 'ith various applications of the system. +inally section 4, deals

'ith conclusion of our presentation.

I.INRODUCION "

The vehicle monitoring system can be easily implemented by using PSoC

Programmable system0on0chip. #s said above, it can be dynamically reconfigured by

suitably programming at the run time. $o'ever, this programming can be done by

using high level language such as 5C5 'ith 'hich most of the hard'are designers

'ould be familiar. This ma)es 6C the natural language for system0on0chip.

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#n instant trac)ing system is needed for vehicles carrying inflammable fuels,

e/plosives, etc. in such cases "PS "lobal Positioning System can be used more

effectively. This is going to be costlier. This paper presents cost effective and more

compact e-uipment for various applications. #n automatic monitoring system for

vehicles can be established 'ith monitoring stations located at ma*or *unctions, cities

through 'hich the vehicle ply. #s the vehicle approach a monitoring station, it has to

automatically identify itself and upload critical data about the vehicle and operating

conditions such as temperature, speed, fuel, battery indication, coolant level etc.

FE!URES "

Some of the important features of the PSoC are follo's8

9. Po'erful $arvard architecture processor.

%. #dvanced peripherals.

2. +le/ible on0chip memory.

7. Precision, programmable cloc)ing.

:. Programmable pin configuration.

;. #dditional system resources.


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"enerally the system acts as a receiver. This consists of a R+ preamp,

demodulator. These bloc)s, but for R+ preamp, are readily provided by PS(C. The

output of demodulator is fed to the >#RT, 'hich is configured as a receiver. The

system loo)s for an approaching monitoring station. !hen it detects the monitoring

station, >#RT is configured as transmitter and is used to convert data into serial form,

then modulated using digital modulation techni-ues, follo'ed by a R+ amplifier, to

upload the vehicle information. The only e/ternal bloc)s that are used in the system

are R+ amplifiers and po'er amplifiers. Therefore the choice of PS(C reduces

component count in the circuit.

.!##LIC!IONS 8

a.)ENGINE S#EED MONI ORING & CONROL SYSEM "

The cran)shaft is applied 'ith a reflective coating and at the middle

a strip of blac) absorbing material is placed. ?ight is pro*ected on to this rotating

shaft. The light is reflected by the reflecting surface and is absorbed by the blac)0

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colored strip. The reflected light is sensed by photo sensor, follo'ed by signal

amplifier. The signal is then applied to schmith trigger and corresponding pulses are

obtained. They are fed to a counter. These bloc)s are readily available in PS(C.

The Engine speed is monitored once in a second and

converted to RP@, and displayed in the display unit. !hen the Engine speed e/ceeds a

predefined value, the monitor intervenes, and activates a motor to apply the bra)es. n

this 'ay the speed is automatically limited to a predefined value.

$.)FUEL LEVEL MONIORING "


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The fuel level can be monitored by using a non0conducting,

non0contact measurement system using ultra sonic 'aves. The system consists of a

ultra sonic transponder. The transponder is fi/ed at the top of the fuel tan). >ltra sonic

signals are sent in the do'n'ard direction. These 'aves are reflected from the fuel

surface and the receiver receives the reflected signals. The time elapsed, in receiving

the reflected ray since the transmission of signal, gives the total distance traveled by

the rays. Ay evaluating the simple mathematical e/pressions 'e can easily calculate

the fuel level in the fuel tan). This information is stored in @emory and used to 'arn

the driver about +uel level.

C.)COLLISION DEECION SYSEM "

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(ne of the ma*or problems in road transport is $ead on Collisions, in

'hich lives are lost. To avoid or minimi3e collisions, the distance bet'een this vehicle

and neighboring vehicles is to be monitored. #s the gap reduces once again the driver

is to 'arned. +or this an >ltra sonic pro/imity sensor can used. This consists of ultra

sonic transmitter and receiver. The >ltra sonic signals are transmitted at regular

intervals. These signals, upon falling on approaching vehicle, 'ould be reflected. The

reflected signal is received by Receiver circuitry, and the time for receiving the

reflecting the signal is calculated. The time reduces for an approaching vehicle. This

can be chec)ed by a program, 'hich alerts the driver. #ll the building bloc)s such as

Signal amplifiers are readily provided by PSoC.

%.)EM#ER!URE MONIOR "

(ne ma*or area that troubles the people is the engine. f the heat generated is

not removed and the engine is not cooled, in no time the engine starts to err before it

comes to grinding halt. t is better to use the thermal relays such as thermistors. $ere a

thermistor is used to form a resistor divider net'or) and the *unction voltage is fed to

a voltage amplifier follo'ed by #DC. Then the digiti3ed value is used by the program

to chec) for the limits and suitable 'arning is issued to driver. f any further rise of

temperature is detected, then the monitor can cutoff fuel to engine and apply bra)es,

forcing the vehicle to stop.


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n this all the bloc)s, i.e. 4oltage amplifier, #DC is available in PS(C,

simplifying the implementation

e.)B!ERY MONIOR 8

Aattery voltage is another ma*or problem auto field. Especially

'hen the battery is completely discharged, it causes problems. # comparator can

monitor the battery status. To one input a ref voltage is applied and to the second input

battery voltage is applied. f the battery voltage is greater than the reference voltage,

the output of op0amp is positive. So the ?ED glo's indicating battery is full. f the

battery voltage is less than the reference voltage, output of the op0amp is negative and

?ED turns off indicating battery is to be charged. This can caution the driver.

IV.CONCLUSION"

The above system can be implemented using traditional designs and approach.

Aut the trend is to embed the systems into the gadgets, 'hich they are controlling.

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This puts restrictions on designers for space, cost and po'er consumption. n such

cases one can turn to micro controller based designs. The usage of PS(C simplifies

design comple/ities, reduces the si3e of system greatly and offers a host of peripheral

devices that can be dynamically configured and used. t is e/pected that near future

PS(C over ta)es other micro controllers in the mar)et and systems based on PS(C

'ould be flooding the homes.

4.REFERENCE"

@aga3ines8 EEE transactions, electronics for you.

Aoo)s8

9. The B:9 @icro Controller and Embedded Systems

0@uhammad #li @a3idi

0anice "illispie @a3idi

%. Design 'ith PC @icro Controller

0ohn.A.Peatman

2. @icro Controller technology

0Peter Spasov

7. Embedded @icro Controller

0Todd.D.@orton

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vehicle monitoring using microcontroller

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