vegetation and flora surveys of the oxbow and junction ... · the survey was conducted by four...

Vegetation and Flora Surveys

of the Oxbow and Junction

South West Deposits,

near Yandicoogina

Prepared for Rio Tinto Pty Ltd

January 2010

Vegetation and Flora Surveys of the Oxbow and Junction South West Deposits

© Biota Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd 2010 ABN 49 092 687 119

Level 1, 228 Carr Place Leederville Western Australia 6007

Ph: (08) 9328 1900 Fax: (08) 9328 6138 Project No.: 428 Prepared by: Rachel Warner, Preeti Chukowry

and Paul Hoffman Checked by: Michi Maier Approved for Issue: Michi Maier

This document has been prepared to the requirements of the client identified on the cover page and no representation is made to any third party. It may be cited for the purposes of scientific

research or other fair use, but it may not be reproduced or distributed to any third party by any physical or electronic means without the express permission of the client for whom it was prepared

or Biota Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd.

This report has been designed for double-sided printing. Hard copies supplied by Biota are printed on recycled paper.

Cube:Current:541 (Yandi Biological 2009):Documents:Flora:YSW_Oxbow_final_v2.docx 3


4 Cube:Current:541 (Yandi Biological 2009):Documents:Flora:YSW_Oxbow_final_v2.docx




Contents

1.0 Background to the Study 9 1.1 The Proposed Project 9 1.2 Scope and Objectives of this Study 9

2.0 Methodology 11 2.1 Database Searches 11 2.2 Field Surveys 11 2.3 Specimen Identification, Nomenclature and Data Entry 14 2.4 Limitations of this Study 15

3.0 Existing Environment 17 3.1 IBRA Bioregion and Subregion 17 3.2 Conservation Reserves in the Locality 17 3.3 Land Systems 18 3.4 Beard’s Vegetation Mapping 20 3.5 Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities 20 3.6 Flora of Conservation Significance in the Locality 20

4.0 Vegetation 25 4.1 Overview of Vegetation 25 4.2 Descriptions of Vegetation Sub-Associations 25 4.3 Conservation Significance of the Vegetation Types 42

5.0 Flora 45 5.1 Overview of the Flora of the Study Area 45 5.2 Flora of Conservation Significance 45 5.3 Introduced Flora 48

6.0 Summary and Conclusions 51 6.1 Summary of Findings 51 6.2 Potential Impacts 52 6.3 Management Recommendations 52

7.0 Assessment Against the Ten Clearing Principles 53 7.1 Overview 53 7.2 Clearing Principles 53

8.0 References 57



Appendix 1 Framework for Conservation Significance Ranking of Communities and Species

Appendix 2 Vegetation Structural Classification and Condition Ranking Scale

Appendix 3 Raw Data from Quadrats and Relevés

Appendix 4 Vascular Flora Species Lists

Appendix 5 Weed Records

Appendix 6 Conservation Significance Assessment Matrix

Tables

Table 2.1: Locations of quadrats in the Oxbow and JSW study areas. 13 Table 3.1: Extent of land systems within the Oxbow and JSW study area and

the percentage this represents of their total extent in the Pilbara bioregion (source: van Vreeswyk et al. 2004; Payne et al. 1988). 18

Table 3.2: Locations of L. catapycnon previously found in the broader Yandi area. 21

Table 4.1: Summary of vegetation units and their area of extent within the Oxbow study area. 31

Table 4.2: Summary of vegetation units and their area of extent within the JSW study area. 39

Table 5.1: Number of native plant species in the dominant plant families and genera within the Oxbow and JSW survey areas. 45

Table 5.2: Location of Lepidium catapycnon in the Oxbow study area. 46 Table 5.3: Location of Goodenia nuda in the JSW study area. 47 Table 5.4: Species of interest and their presence within the study areas. 48 Table 6.1: Summary of vegetation units of High and Moderate conservation

significance identified in the Oxbow(†) and JSW(‡) study areas. 51 Table 6.2: Summary of DRF and Priority flora recorded from the Oxbow and

JSW study areas. 52

Figures

Figure 1.1: Location of the Yandi Oxbow and JSW study areas. 10 Figure 2.1: Monthly rainfall for the Newman recording station for the months

preceding the field surveys in 2007, 2008 and 2009, compared to long term monthly average rainfall (data from the WA Bureau of Meteorology, website http://www.bom.gov.au/ accessed 31st July 2009; stars indicate field survey timing). 12

Figure 4.1: Land systems and vegetation mapping for the Oxbow study area, including locations of Declared Rare Flora, Priority flora, and Introduced flora species (weeds). 33

Figure 4.2: Land systems and vegetation mapping for the JSW study area, including locations of Priority flora and introduced species (weeds). 40



Plates

Plate 4.1: Vegetation unit EcEvMaMg (OXB06). 26 Plate 4.2: Vegetation unit EvAtuGwRlTErCYpERIt (OXB16). 26 Plate 4.3: Vegetation unit ElAhiTsps (OXB05). 27 Plate 4.4: Vegetation unit ElAiGwAhiTsps (OXB01). 27 Plate 4.5: Vegetation unit ElAiTw (OXB02). 28 Plate 4.6: Vegetation unit ElChAbTw (OXB13). 28 Plate 4.7: Vegetation unit ChGOrRlAtuGwTHtCYa (OXB03). 28 Plate 4.8: Vegetation unit EgAtuAeTpTsps (OXB09). 30 Plate 4.9: Vegetation unit GwHcTsps (OXB10). 30 Plate 4.10: Vegetation unit EcEvMaMg (YSW08). 36 Plate 4.11: Vegetation unit ElGwAdCApAhiTsps (YSW06). 37 Plate 4.12: Vegetation unit ElAprAbERfTwTe (YSW16). 38 Plate 4.13: Vegetation unit GpERfPTrTe (YSW02). 38 Plate 5.1: Lepidium catapycnon: an individual shrub (left) and images from

FloraBase (right) showing a close up of a flowering stem (top) and a small flowering herb (bottom). 46

Plate 5.2: Goodenia nuda: flower and habit (image courtesy of FloraBase). 47



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1.0 Background to the Study

1.1 The Proposed Project

The Yandicoogina (Yandi) iron ore project is located approximately 75 km northwest of Newman, in the Pilbara region of Western Australia (see Figure 1.1). This minesite is owned and operated by Rio Tinto Iron Ore (RTIO). RTIO plans to develop iron resources within the Yandi area, including the Yandi Junction South West (JSW) and Oxbow Deposits, which lie to the west of existing operations. Survey work at JSW commenced in June 2007. Following this survey, the original project footprint was altered and consequently two subsequent surveys were conducted in 2008 and 2009. The Oxbow Deposit project area lies adjacent to JSW, on the western boundary, and was surveyed in 2008 and 2009.

1.2 Scope and Objectives of this Study

The scope of this study was to describe the vegetation and flora values associated with the Yandi JSW and Oxbow Deposits. The field surveys were planned and implemented as far as practicable according to the Environment Protection Authority (EPA) Position Statement No. 3 “Terrestrial Biological Surveys as an Element of Biodiversity Protection” (EPA 2002) and Guidance Statement No. 51 “Terrestrial Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia” (EPA 2004). The objectives of this study were to:

• describe and map the vegetation types occurring within the study area;

• identify any vegetation types of conservation significance (see Appendix 1) within the study area;

• document the suite of flora species occurring within the study area;

• locate any flora of conservation significance (including Declared Rare Flora (DRF), Priority flora and other flora of interest; see Appendix 1);

• make recommendations for management of vegetation types and flora of conservation significance within the study area; and

• address the Ten Clearing Principles under Schedule 5 of the Environmental Protection Act 1986 as required to support a Native Vegetation Clearing Permit (NVCP) application.



Figure 1.1: Location of the Yandi Oxbow and JSW study areas.



2.0 Methodology

2.1 Database Searches

A NatureMap search was conducted online1 on the 18th of November 2009 for rare flora in the vicinity of the study area. The search coordinate used was 22°47’30” S and 119°09’37” E (GDA94) with a 20 km buffer surrounding this central point. In addition to the online database search, a DEC database search was requested on the 15th of April 2010. This search comprised two DEC databases. One search targeted rare and priority flora the other targeted Threatened Ecological Communities (TECs) and Priority Ecological Communities (PECs). The search covered a 40 km buffer surrounding a central point. The same co-ordinate was used for both the online and the DEC searches.

2.2 Field Surveys

2.2.1 Field Team and Survey Timing

2.2.1.1 JSW

The initial survey was conducted by five botanists (Rachel Warner, Paul Hoffman, Raimond Orifici and Rachel Butler, of Biota; and Brian Morgan, a private consultant) between the 4th and 16th of June 2007. The second survey was conducted by four botanists (Jeni Alford, Raimond Orifici, Rachel Butler and Preeti Chukowry, of Biota) between the 27th of July and the 6th of August 2008. A final visit was made to the area between the 3rd and 9th of June 2009 by four botanists from Biota (Rachel Warner, Prue Anderson, Preeti Chukowry and Rachel Butler). 2.2.1.2 Oxbow

The survey was conducted by four botanists (Jeni Alford, Raimond Orifici, Rachel Butler and Preeti Chukowry, of Biota) between the 27th of July and the 6th of August 2008. A second visit was made to the study area between the 3rd and 9th of June 2009 by four botanists from Biota (Rachel Warner, Prue Anderson, Preeti Chukowry and Rachel Butler). 2.2.1.3 Seasonal Conditions

Conditions at the time of the 2007 and 2009 surveys were adequate for the collection of annual and cryptic perennial species. The closest official meteorological recording station to the study area is at Newman, approximately 75 km to the southeast. Data from this station indicate that there was 178 mm and 173 mm of rainfall in the six months preceding the 2007 and 2009 field surveys, respectively, with most falling in March (2007) and February (2009) (Figure 2.1). Conditions at the time of the 2008 survey were dry and not optimal for the collection of annual and cryptic perennial species. Data from the Newman recording station indicate that 77 mm of rainfall fell in the six months preceding the field survey (Figure 2.1).

1 http://naturemap.dec.wa.gov.au/default.aspx



Figure 2.1: Monthly rainfall for the Newman recording station for the months preceding the field surveys in 2007, 2008 and 2009, compared to long term monthly average rainfall (data from the WA Bureau of Meteorology, website http://www.bom.gov.au/ accessed 31st July 2009; stars indicate field survey timing).

2.2.2 Vegetation Description and Mapping

Vegetation descriptions were based on the height and estimated cover of dominant species using Aplin's (1979) modification of the vegetation classification of Specht (1970) to include a hummock grassland category (see Appendix 2). Descriptions were made at each of the floristic survey quadrats (see Section 2.2.3). Additional brief vegetation descriptions were made and vegetation boundaries were ground-truthed during foot traverses through representative areas. The vegetation descriptions were then grouped to arrive at vegetation units. Vegetation units are defined by sighting like assemblages; areas that have a shared suite of perennial species with a similar range of cover values. These have been listed under the main landform/habitat types in which they were found to occur (Section 4.2). The coding system for the vegetation types incorporated the dominant flora species for the type, organised from tallest strata to lowest strata. Species names were abbreviated to capital letter/s for genus, followed by lower case letter/s for species, with multiple letters used where necessary to avoid confusion (eg. EcEvMaMg = dominant species Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. victrix, Melaleuca argentea and M. glomerata). The vegetation boundaries were subsequently digitised on-screen using the ArcView 3.2 package. The resulting shapefiles were "tagged" to provide each polygon with the vegetation unit code. Other point source datasets, such as locations of quadrats, weeds and Priority flora, were generated into spatial data using MapInfo. The point source datasets were saved as separate MapInfo shapefiles. All datasets, in conjunction with other data supplied from other



organisations, were used in the production of the vegetation maps contained in this report (Figure 4.1 and Figure 4.2). All maps were produced using the MapInfo package.

2.2.3 Assessment of Floristic Quadrats

The locations of the detailed flora-recording quadrats were chosen to represent the main vegetation types occurring within the study area (Table 2.1). The quadrats were uniquely numbered, using OXB as the prefix for Oxbow sites, and YSW as the prefix for the JSW sites. The relevé within JSW was numbered R-BRMA-01. Quadrats were typically 50 m x 50 m, as this size gives a good sample of flora presence in the Pilbara. It also gives a good indication of the shrub and grass layer vegetation structure for most vegetation types in the Pilbara that occur in 'uniform' habitats (eg. plains and hillslopes, where vegetation stands are typically greater than this quadrat size). Quadrat shape and/or size were adjusted as necessary to fit smaller or oddly shaped habitats (e.g. flowlines). Most quadrats were permanently marked using steel fence droppers at three to four corners of the quadrat. An optical square and measuring tapes were used to ensure that the quadrat sides were correctly positioned. The following parameters were recorded for each quadrat:

1. Location: AMG coordinates recorded in WGS84 datum (within 1-2 m of GDA94) using a handheld Global Positioning System (GPS), to an accuracy usually within 5 m; readings taken for all four corners of the quadrat;

2. Vegetation Description: Broad description based on the height and estimated cover of dominant species after Aplin's (1979) modification of the vegetation classification system of Specht (1970) (see Appendix 2);

3. Habitat: Description of landform and habitat;

4. Soil: Broad description of soil type and stony surface mantle;

5. Disturbance Details: Condition ranked according to the scale developed by Trudgen (1988) as shown in Appendix 2, considering evidence of grazing, physical disturbance, weed invasion, frequent fires etc. Note that fire effects are only considered as a negative impact if they are caused by repeated burning (such as that done for pastoral purposes). Fire is a natural and frequent process in the Pilbara to which the vegetation has adapted, and to class areas as being in poor condition simply because they have been recently burnt is misleading; and

6. Percentage Foliar Cover: Cover was estimated visually for each species. Estimates were made to the nearest percent where possible, or a range (eg. 5-10%) was used. '+' was used where only occasional individuals were present, with a cover of less than 1%.

Colour photographs of the vegetation at each site were taken using a digital camera at the northwest corner. A summary of quadrat data is provided in Appendix 3.

Table 2.1: Locations of quadrats in the Oxbow and JSW study areas.

Site Easting (mE)

Northing (mN)

Vegetation Unit

OXB01 717402 7477654 ElAiGwAhiTsps OXB02 716998 7477019 ElAiTw OXB03 717510 7477745 ChGOrRlAtuGwTHtCYa OXB04 717713 7477146 ChApyTe OXB05 719053 7478345 ElAhiTsps OXB06 721574 7478351 EcEvMaMg OXB09 719005 7477965 EgAtuAeTpTsps OXB10 719187 7477951 GwHcTsps OXB11 721766 7477906 ElTspsTw OXB13 720230 7477147 ElChAbTw



Site Easting (mE)

Northing (mN)

Vegetation Unit

OXB16 720393 7477077 EvAtuGwRlTErCYpERIt YSW01 726591 7481127 EvAtuGwRlTErCYpERIt (not mapped; outside 2009 study area) YSW02 725751 7480601 GpERfPTrTe YSW03 725979 7481056 ElGwAdCApAhiTsps YSW04 726771 7482008 EvAtuGwRlTErCYpERIt (not mapped; outside 2009 study area) YSW05 725104 7479655 ElAprAbERfTwTe YSW06 725725 7480024 ElGwAdCApAhiTsps (not mapped; outside 2009 study area) YSW07 723728 7478498 ElAprAbERfTwTe YSW08 723672 7478842 EcEvMaMg YSW09 723870 7478758 ElAprAbERfTwTe YSW11 723518 7478284 ElAprAbERfTwTe YSW12 723260 7478728 ElAprAbERfTwTe YSW13 724152 7478573 ElAprAbERfTwTe YSW14 722198 7478572 breakaway within ElAprAbERfTwTe YSW15 722376 7478502 ElAprAbERfTwTe YSW16 723171 7478360 ElAprAbERfTwTe YSW17S 723824 7480448 ElGwAdCApAhiTsps YSW18S 723813 7480743 EvAtuGwRlTErCYpERIt YSW19S 724279 7478150 EvAtuGwRlTErCYpERIt (creekline too small to map) YSW20S 724713 7478109 ElTspsTw R-BRMA-01 723479 7478339 ElAprAbERfTwTe

2.2.4 Rare Flora Searches

Given the size, the study area was not systematically searched for rare flora. Instead, representative foot traverses were walked over the majority of the area to search for rare flora and to indicate the level of weed presence. The traverses were spaced at approximately 50 m between botanists or opportunistically traversed while walking to and from quadrats. Any locations of rare flora were recorded using a GPS (WGS84 datum), together with an indication of the number of individuals present, the habitat and associated plant species. Voucher specimens were also collected for lodgement with the Western Australian Herbarium. Native flora species were also recorded during these traverses to provide a species list for each area. All records of rare flora and weeds are displayed on the vegetation mapping in Figure 4.1 and Figure 4.2.

2.3 Specimen Identification, Nomenclature and Data Entry

Common species that were well known to the survey botanists were identified in the field. Voucher specimens of all other species were collected and assigned a unique number to facilitate tracking of data. These were pressed in the field, and dried upon returning to Perth. The vouchers were then identified by keying out, reference to appropriate publications, use of reference collections and comparison to the collections held at the Western Australian Herbarium. Botanists from Biota identified most specimens while assistance from Malcolm Trudgen, of M.E. Trudgen and Associates, was sought for difficult plant groups. Specimens will be lodged with the Western Australian Herbarium for all taxa comprising Priority species, range extensions or poorly collected species, provided that suitable material is available. Nomenclature was checked against the current listing of scientific names recognised by the Western Australian Herbarium and updated as necessary. The only outdated nomenclature retained was that relating to Cassia. This genus is currently recognised as Senna (see Randell 1989), however the older Cassia classification (Symon 1966) was perceived to be a more realistic level of separation of the taxa (e.g. with taxa such as 'glutinosa' and 'pruinosa' recognised at specific rather than subspecific level). A more detailed discussion is contained in Trudgen and



Casson (1998), while a comparison of the nomenclature under the two classifications is presented in Appendix 4.

2.4 Limitations of this Study

A number of limitations of the field survey and subsequent conservation assessments are discussed below. These are factors that must be considered when reviewing and applying the results of this study. Despite these limitations, the field study and the subsequent analyses are believed to give a good representation of the flora and vegetation values of the JSW and Oxbow study areas. The main limitations of this study are as follows:

• Fungi and nonvascular flora (eg. algae, mosses and liverworts) were not specifically sampled, as is typical for surveys of this nature.

• Conditions were dry during the 2008 surveys, with lower than average rainfall in the six months prior to the field trips. Conditions were therefore not optimal for the collection of ephemeral flora or cryptic perennial species.

• The entire survey area was not systematically searched for rare flora. The species lists should therefore be taken as indicative rather than exhaustive.

• No floristic analysis has been conducted using the data from the quadrats established for this study. This would assist with definition of the vegetation types, as well as the evaluation of their distribution in the locality.



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3.0 Existing Environment

3.1 IBRA Bioregion and Subregion 3.1.1 Pilbara Bioregion

The Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) recognises 85 bioregions (Environment Australia 2000). The Yandi Oxbow and JSW study areas lie entirely within the Pilbara bioregion. With increasing survey work, it is becoming apparent that the Pilbara is a major centre of biodiversity in Western Australia. This appears to be related to the region's diversity of geological, altitudinal and climatic elements, as well as its location. The Pilbara is a transitional zone between the floras of the Eyrean (central desert) and southern Torresian (tropical) bioclimatic regions, and contains elements of both floras (see for example van Leeuwen and Bromilow (2002) for a detailed discussion of the significance of the Hamersley Range). In 2003 in recognition of the high species diversity and high levels of endemism in the region, the Pilbara was nominated as one of 15 national biodiversity "hotspots" by the Minister for the Environment and Heritage (go to http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/hotspots/national-hotspots.html#14).

3.1.2 Hamersley Subregion

The Pilbara bioregion is divided into four subregions, described in Environment Australia (2000) as the four major components of the Pilbara Craton:

• Chichester (PIL1): Archaean granite and basalt plains supporting shrub steppes of Acacia pyrifolia over Triodia pungens hummock grasses, with Snappy Gum steppes occurring on the ranges;

• Fortescue Plains (PIL2): alluvial plains and river frontages with salt marsh, Mulga-bunch grass and short grass communities on alluvial plains and River Gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) woodlands fringing drainage lines;

• Hamersley (PIL3): mountainous area of Proterozoic ranges and plateaux with low Mulga (Acacia aneura) woodland over bunch grasses on fine textured soils, and Snappy Gum (Eucalyptus leucophloia) over Triodia brizoides on the skeletal sandy soils of the ranges; and

• Roebourne Plains (PIL4): quaternary alluvial plains with a grass savanna and shrub steppe of Acacia translucens over Triodia pungens and marine alluvial flats with samphire, Sporobolus and Mangal.

The proposed expansion areas are located in the east of the Hamersley subregion (see Kendrick 2001).

3.2 Conservation Reserves in the Locality

The main conservation reserve in the locality is the A-class Karijini National Park, the eastern boundary of which is approximately 55 km to the west of Oxbow. The Pilbara bioregion is listed as a medium priority for funding for land purchased under the National Reserves System Co-operative Program due to the limited representation of the area in conservation reserves. Portions of various pastoral leases in the region have been nominated for exclusion for public purposes in 2015, when the leases come up for renewal. Many of the submissions are from the department of Environment and Conservation (DEC), with the intention of adding these areas to the existing conservation estate in order to provide a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system. None of these proposed exclusions are located in the vicinity of the expansion areas.



3.3 Land Systems

Land system mapping covering the expansion area under review has been prepared by the Western Australian Department of Agriculture (van Vreeswyk et al. 2004). These are broad units that each consist of a series of “land units” that occur on characteristic physiographic types within the land system. One hundred and seven (107) land systems occur in the Pilbara bioregion.2 The Oxbow and JSW study areas each contain five land systems (Table 3.1). While the Newman, Boolgeeda and River land systems are widespread and well represented in the Pilbara (ranked 106th, 103rd and 101st respectively, out of the 107 units in terms of areal extent), the McKay and Robe land systems are less abundant (ranked 99th and 76th respectively). The JSW and Oxbow study areas are located towards the eastern extent of the Newman, Boolgeeda and Robe land systems, and near the southern extent of the McKay and River land systems. The extent of each land system within the study areas is shown in Table 3.1 (see also Figure 4.1 and Figure 4.2).

Table 3.1: Extent of land systems within the Oxbow and JSW study area and the percentage this represents of their total extent in the Pilbara bioregion (source: van Vreeswyk et al. 2004; Payne et al. 1988).

Land System

Total Area in the Pilbara bioregion (rank)

Area of Land System within each Study Area

Oxbow JSW

Hectares % of total in Pilbara bioregion

Hectares % of total in Pilbara bioregion

Boolgeeda 961,635 ha (103) 310.2 0.03 220.7 0.03 McKay 74,108 ha (99) 30.2 0.04 736.8 1.0 Newman 1,993,742 ha (106) 237.9 0.01 135.0 0.01 River 482,176 ha (101) 9.1 0.002 162.9 0.03 Robe 128,859 ha (76) 137.2 0.10 205.1 0.20

Each of the land systems is briefly described in the following sections. 3.3.1.1 Boolgeeda

The Boolgeeda land system is characterised by stony lower slopes and plains below hill systems supporting hard and soft spinifex grasslands and mulga shrublands. Component landform units comprise

• Low hills and rises;

• Stony slopes and upper plains;

• Stony lower plains;

• Groves; and

• Narrow drainage floors and channels (van Vreeswyk et al. 2004). Within the Oxbow study area, the Boolgeeda land system dominates, making up the central part of the study area. All but the groves landform units occur within the Oxbow study area. Within the JSW study area the Boolgeeda land system occurs in a central strip, running in a northeast to southwest direction, and corresponding with a large amount of disturbed ground. The stony lower plains landform unit occurs in the JSW study area.

2 This information was obtained by merging the Ashburton land system mapping (Payne et al. 1988) and Pilbara land system mapping (van Vreeswyk et al. 2004) and intersecting this with the Pilbara bioregion (Environment Australia 2000) in ArcView 3.2.



3.3.1.2 McKay

The McKay land system is characterised by hills, ridges, plateaux remnants and breakaways of sedimentary rocks, supporting hard Spinifex grasslands. Component landform units comprise;

• Hills, ridges and plateaux remnants:

• Breakaways;

• Lower footslopes;

• Stony plains; and

• Drainage floors (van Vreeswyk et al. 2004). Within the Oxbow study area, the McKay land system occurs along the northwestern boundary. Landform units occurring in the area comprise hills, ridges and plateaux remnants and breakaways. Within the JSW study area, this land system dominates. The McKay land system occupies the northern and southeastern sections of the study area and all of the component landform units occur. 3.3.1.3 Newman

The Newman land system is characterised by rugged jaspilite plateaux, ridges and mountains supporting hard spinifex grasslands. Component landform units comprise;

• Plateaux, ridges, mountains and hills:

• Lower slopes;


• Narrow drainage floors with channels (van Vreeswyk et al. 2004). Within the Oxbow study area, the Newman land system occurs in the south and southeast of the study area. All component landform units occur within the study area. Within the JSW study area, the Newman land system occupies a small portion in the southwest of the study area, comprising the plateaux, ridges, mountains and hills landform unit. 3.3.1.4 River

The River land system is characterised by active floodplains and major rivers supporting grassy eucalypt woodlands, tussock grasslands and soft spinifex grasslands. Component landform units comprise:

• Sandy levees and sand sheets;

• Upper terraces;

• Floodplains and lower terraces;


• Minor and major channels (van Vreeswyk et al. 2004). Within the Oxbow study area, the River land system occupies a small area in the northwest. Landform units occurring in the area comprise minor and major channels and floodplains and lower terraces. Within the JSW study area, the River land system occurs centrally, running in a northeast to southwest direction. All but the sandy levees and sand sheets and upper terraces landform units occur within the study area. 3.3.1.5 Robe

The Robe land system is characterised by low limonite mesas and buttes supporting soft, and occasionally hard, spinifex grasslands. Component landform units comprise:



• Low plateaux, mesas and buttes;

• Lower slopes;

• Gravelly plains; and

• Drainage floors (van Vreeswyk et al. 2004). Within the Oxbow study area, the Robe land system occurs in the north and northwest of the study area, and all of the component landform units occur. Within the JSW study area the Robe land system occupies the central section of the study area and a very small area in the northwest. All but the low plateaux, mesas and buttes occur within the study area.

3.4 Beard’s Vegetation Mapping

Beard (1975) mapped the vegetation of the Pilbara at a scale of 1:1,000,000. The study area lies entirely within the Hamersley Plateau of the Fortescue Botanical District of the Eremaean Botanical Province, as defined by Beard. The vegetation of this region is typically tree steppe of scattered Snappy Gum (Eucalyptus leucophloia) with a general hummock grassland cover of Triodia wiseana. The JSW and Oxbow study areas intersect one of Beard’s mapping units:

• The “Hamersley 82” unit comprises scattered Snappy Gum (Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia) trees over Hard Spinifex (Triodia wiseana) hummock grasslands.

It is listed as a Low priority for reservation (Kendrick 2001).

3.5 Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities

The framework by which the DEC assigns levels of conservation significance to communities is provided in Appendix 1. No Threatened Ecological Communities (TECs) or Priority Ecological Communities (PECs) are known to occur in or adjacent to the study areas.

3.6 Flora of Conservation Significance in the Locality

3.6.1 Legislative and Administrative Levels of Flora Protection

While all native flora are protected under the Western Australian Wildlife Conservation Act 1950-1979, a number of plant species are assigned an additional level of conservation significance based on the limited number of known populations and the perceived threats to these populations. Species of the highest conservation concern are listed as DRF under the State listing prepared by the DEC (Atkins 2008). The two DRF currently in the Pilbara are also listed as threatened species under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act 1999. Species that appear to be rare or threatened, but for which there is insufficient information to properly evaluate their conservation significance, are assigned to one of four Priority flora categories by DEC (see Atkins 2008). This is an administrative (rather than legislated) level of protection. The framework for ranking flora species of conservation significance is presented in Appendix 1.



3.6.2 Threatened Flora in the Locality

3.6.2.1 Declared Rare Flora Likelihood of Occurrence

There are currently two DRF in the Pilbara bioregion: Thryptomene wittweri (Mountain Thryptomene) and Lepidium catapycnon (Hamersley Lepidium). Both of these species are also listed as Threatened Flora Species under the EPBC Act 1999.

• Thryptomene wittweri (Mountain Thryptomene) DRF This rounded shrub can reach heights of 2 m and has white flowers in April, June and August. Thryptomene wittweri is only known from high-altitude mountaintops in the inland Pilbara, its distribution extending south into the Gascoyne and Little Sandy Desert bioregions.

There is no suitable habitat for T. wittweri in the Yandi area. This species would not be expected to occur.

• Lepidium catapycnon (Hamersley Lepidium) DRF This woody perennial is a small, upright plant typically growing between 20-30 cm in height. Lepidium catapycnon occurs in hummock grasslands on low stony hills and occasionally stony plains. This relatively short-lived shrub species is often recorded from areas that have recently been disturbed, apparently persisting for only a few years. Now known from a number of locations in the Hamersley Range, L. catapycnon extends broadly from Tom Price across to Newman.

There is suitable habitat present for this species in the JSW and Oxbow study area. This species was recorded from the Oxbow study area during the 2008 survey (see Section 5.2.3.1). In the broader Yandi locality, L. catapycnon was recorded once by Biota during a previous survey (Biota, 2009). RTIO’s internal database returned 19 records within a 15 km radius of the study area. The DEC’s Threatened Flora database search returned 17 population records, one of which was common to both the DEC and RTIO records. These records are represented in Table 3.2 to show their location in relation to the study area. All of the RTIO DRF records will be supplied to DEC.

Table 3.2: Locations of L. catapycnon previously found in the broader Yandi area.

Source Easting Northing Distance from study area

DEC 724281 7478525 In the study area

Rio - Tom Price_Yandi Powerline 724313 7478495 In the study area

Rio - HI Yandi Expansion 727266 7478488 1 km east

Rio - HI Yandi Expansion 727334 7478420 1 km east

DEC 727418 7478420 1 km east

Rio - Yandi Expansion 727905 7478370 2 km east

Rio - Yandi Expansion / DEC 727920 7478339 2 km east














Rio - Yandi 733172 7475074 8 km east southeast

DEC 722926 7464052 12 km south



Source Easting Northing Distance from study area

DEC 723084 7465127 12 km south

DEC 715942 7451107 25 km south

DEC 752305 7476916 26 km east

DEC 725350 7451211 26 km south

DEC 721313 7447428 28 km south

DEC 691417 7451717 35 km southwest


DEC 734793 7442551 36 km south southeast





DEC 755181 7441764 46 km southeast

3.6.2.2 Priority Flora Known from the Locality

At the time of the survey the online database search returned seven Priority species previously recorded in the Yandi locality (Section 2.1). One of these, Tephrosia sp. Cathedral Gorge (F.H. Mollemans 2420) has since been removed from the Priority listing; this species has been excluded from the discussion. A search of RTIO’s internal database returned seven Priority flora found within 20 km of the study area. Four of these seven were not found in the NatureMap database search. Nine additional priority flora were returned in the Threatened Flora database search from the DEC (see Section 2.1). These twenty-one Priority flora are described below;

• Eragrostis sp. Mt Robinson (S. van Leeuwen 4109) Priority 1 This tussock grass grows to 30 cm high. It is found in the red-brown skeletal soils and ironstone of steep slopes and summits. One record of E. sp. Mt Robinson was returned from the DEC database searches.

• Eremophila spongiocarpa Priority 1 This Emu bush grows in a shrub habit from 0.5 – 1.5 m high. The blue flowers of E. spongiocarpa occur from August – November. It is found in the skeletal soils over ironstone in the Pilbara’s rocky screes. Three records of E. spongiocarpa were returned in the DEC database searches.

• Goodenia sp. East Pilbara (A.A Mitchell PRP 727) Priority 1 This small, annual herb has a basal rosette of leaves, yellow flowers in August and an indumentum of appressed sparse hairs. It occurs on red-brown clayey soil and calcrete areas on low, undulating or swampy plains. Four records of G. sp. East Pilbara were returned from the DEC’s database and from 58 records in RTIO’s internal database. There is one record of this specimen found during the study 19 km west-northwest of the Oxbow survey area boundary.

• Josephinia sp. Marandoo (M.E. Trudgen 1554) Priority 1 This shrub is small and upright to 30 cm high. The pink flowers of J. sp. Marandoo occur in August and give fruit that is woolly and soft spined. It is found in gritty soil of granite, generally on open plains associated with Senna (Cassia) and Acacia species. One record of J. sp. Marandoo was returned from the DEC database searches.

• Acacia effusa Priority 2 This dense Acacia shrub is low and spreading growing to 1 m high. The leaves of A. effusa are slightly viscid, and the flowers are typical of wattles, occurring from May – June. A distinguishing feature of A. effusa is the easily recognizable minni-ritchi bark. It occurs in stony red loam on scree slopes of low ranges. One record of A. effusa was returned in the DEC database searches.

• Pilbara trudgenii Priority 2 This aromatic daisy presents as a gnarled shrub to 1 m high. The flowers of P. trudgenii occur in September. It occurs in red stony soil over ironstone on high summits, cliffs and screes. There was one record returned from the DEC database searches.



• Stylidium weeliwolli Priority 2 A small annual herb, growing to 25 cm high exhibits the typical characteristics of the Trigger plant family. The S. weeliwolli zygomorphic flowers are pink or red, occurring from September to August. It most commonly grows at the edge of watercourses in gritty sand or sandy clay. RTIO’s internal database returned two records of S. weeliwolli from the broader Yandi area. The DEC database indicated one record.

• Acacia bromilowiana Priority 3 This species grows to a tree or shrub 12 m high. The phyllodes of A. bromilowiana are glaucous and slightly pruinosa. The flowers are typical of wattles, growing in spikes from July – August. It occurs in red skeletal loam or orange-brown gravel loam over banded ironstone and basalt. These habitats are usually associated with rocky hills and breakaways, gorges or creekbeds. One record of A. bromilowiana was returned from the DEC database search.

• Acacia subtiliformis Priority 3 This spindly, slender shrub grows to 3.5 m in height and has yellow flowers. It has very small phyllodes, with new growth being slightly viscid, resinous and aromatic. A. subtiliformis has red peduncles and its inflorescence heads are up to 6mm in diameter. It occurs on rocky calcrete plateaux in the Pilbara. This is known from two records on the DEC’s database, recorded approximately 17.5 km west-northwest of the Oxbow survey area boundary.

• Dampiera metallorum Priority 3 This rounded, perennial herb grows to 50 cm in height and has bright blue to purple flowers. It occurs on skeletal red-brown, gravelly soil over banded ironstone and its preferred habitats are steep slopes and hill summits. This is known from three records on the DEC’s database, recorded approximately 12.5 km west-northwest of the Oxbow survey area boundary.

• Fimbristylis sieberiana Priority 3 This sedge is tufted, shortly rhizomatous and grows to 60 cm high. The flowers of F. sieberiana occur from May – June. Typical of the Cyperaceae family, F. sieberiana occurs in mud or skeletal soil pockets. It is usually associated with water or damplands, though has been recorded on sandstone cliffs. One record was returned from the DEC database search.

• Indigofera gilesii subsp. gilesii Priority 3 This pea grows in a shrub habit to 1.5 m high. The flowers are typical of the pea family, purple or pink in colour occurring in May and August. Indigofera gilesii subsp. gilesii occurs in pebbly loam amongst boulders and outcrops. Two records were returned from the DEC database search.

• Rhagodia sp. Hamersley (M. Trudgen 17794) Priority 3 This shrub often has a straggling habit and can grow up to 2m high. The leaves of R. sp. Hamersley are oblong with a base that tapers to a short petiole. Depending upon the conditions, the leaves can vary greatly in length (0.5 – 5 cm). Superficially, R. sp. Hamersley is very similar to R. eremaea, and the two species can co-occur. Often occurring in clay-loam soils of clay pans or creekbeds. Rhagodia sp. Hamersley is usually found growing under low trees such as, Acacia aneura (Mulga) or A. rhodophloia. Three records were returned from the DEC database search.

• Rostellularia adscendens var. latifolia Priority 3 This annual herb grows up to 30 cm high, usually in dense clusters. The opposite leaves are deep green, hairy and shortly lanceolate. The purple flowers of R. adscendens var. latifolia are small and grow in a (often) terminal raceme. It occurs in clay soils along drainage lines, creeks or sometimes on rocky hills. RTIO’s internal database returned 13 records of R. adscendens var. latifolia.

• Sida sp. Barlee Range (S. van Leeuwen 1642) Priority 3 This spreading shrub grows to 0.5 m high and has yellow flowers visible in August. It occurs on skeletal red soils on steep slopes. Though not returned in the database search, this species has previously been recorded from the Yandi locality as scattered individuals from a single site on the bank of Yandicoogina Creek (Biota 2004) approximately 4.5 km east of the JSW survey area boundary.



• Themeda sp. Hamersley Station (ME Trudgen 11,431) Priority 3 This perennial tussock grass grows from 1.3 to 1.8 m tall, and typically grows in red cracking clay in tussock grasslands or in clayey creeks. It often occurs as an occasional specimen but may form dense grasslands over large areas of cracking clay plains. It differs from the more common and widespread Themeda triandra by its larger size and sturdier culms and its pale bluish colouring (T. triandra has yellowish colouring). Though not returned in the database search, this species has previously been recorded from the Yandi locality from a single site on a floodplain north of Yandicoogina Creek (Biota 2004) approximately 4.5 km east of the JSW survey area boundary.

• Goodenia nuda Priority 4 This erect to ascending, slender herb grows to 50 cm high with narrow, pale green to glaucous leaves. Basal leaves are entire or narrowly toothed, 4 to 10 cm long and 5 to 10 mm wide. It has yellow flowers, 14 to 16 mm long and is found growing near creeklines and wet areas. Several records of this species have been made in the locality including two specimens 3 km north of the Oxbow survey area boundary, two specimens 10 km northwest of the Oxbow survey area boundary and one specimen 13 km north of the Oxbow survey area boundary. It is known from three records on the DEC’s database and was also recorded several times during a recent survey of the Bellbird Siding to Juna Downs section of the Cape Lambert to Juna Downs rail corridor (Biota 2008).

• Rhynchosia bungarensis Priority 4 This prostrate shrub can grow up to 50 cm high and the flowers are yellow. The typical habitat is in pebbly sand amongst boulders. RTIO’s internal database returned two records of R. bungarensis.



4.0 Vegetation

4.1 Overview of Vegetation

4.1.1 Oxbow

The surveys identified 16 vegetation types in the Oxbow survey area, occupying rocky hillcrests and slopes, creeklines, and plain habitats. These units are described in detail in Section 4.2.1.

4.1.2 JSW

The surveys identified seven vegetation types in the JSW study area, occupying rocky hillcrests and slopes, creeklines, and plain habitats. These units are described in detail in Section 4.2.2.

4.2 Descriptions of Vegetation Sub-Associations

4.2.1 Oxbow

The vegetation sub-associations are described individually below, grouped within the main landform categories present within the Oxbow study area. They are also summarised in Table 4.1 and shown in Figure 4.1.

4.2.1.1 Vegetation of Major and Minor Creeklines

EcEvMaMg Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. victrix woodland over Melaleuca argentea, M. glomerata low open woodland

This creekline unit (Marillana Creek) occupied 10.0 ha and occurred in the northwest corner of the study area (see Plate 4.1). Associated species included Acacia ampliceps, A. coriacea subsp. pendens, A. tumida var. pilbarensis, Amaranthus undulatus, *Argemone ochroleuca subsp. ochroleuca, Atalaya hemiglauca, *Cenchrus ciliaris, Cleome viscosa, Corchorus crozophorifolius, Cucumis maderaspatanus, Cymbopogon procerus, Cyperus vaginatus, Enneapogon lindleyanus, Eriachne tenuiculmis, Eulalia aurea, Euphorbia biconvexa, Gossypium robinsonii, Indigofera monophylla (brown calyx form), Phyllanthus maderaspatensis, Polymeria aff. ambigua (PAN 26B-20), Rhynchosia minima, Setaria dielsii, *S. verticillata, Sida sp. verrucose glands (F.H. Mollemans 2423), Sorghum plumosum, Stemodia grossa, Tephrosia rosea var. glabrior, Themeda triandra, *Vachellia farnesiana and Waltheria indica. The vegetation condition was rated as Good to Very Good. While weed species were present, they were not extensive. There was some evidence of disturbance by cattle. Cattle are widespread in the Yandi area and the section of creekline northeast of the Marillana and Weeli-Wolli Creek junction, near the Billiards deposit (see Biota 2009), was extensively grazed; to a much greater extent than this section of Marillana Creek. Quadrat OXB06. EvAtuGwRlTErCYpERIt Eucalyptus victrix scattered low trees over Acacia tumida var.

pilbarensis, Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula, Rulingia luteiflora tall shrubland over Tephrosia rosea low shrubland over Cymbopogon procerus, Eriachne tenuiculmis very open tussock grassland

This creekline occupied 1.9 ha and occurred along the southern boundary of the study area (see Plate 4.2). Associated species included Abutilon dioicum, A. lepidum, Acacia maitlandii, A. pyrifolia, *Acetosa vesicaria, Amaranthus undulatus, Aristida holathera var. holathera, Boerhavia coccinea, Cassia luerssenii, C. oligophylla, *Cenchrus ciliaris, Cleome viscosa, Corchorus crozophorifolius, Crotalaria medicaginea var. neglecta, Cucumis maderaspatanus, Cymbopogon ambiguus, Digitaria ctenantha, Duperreya commixta, Enneapogon lindleyanus, E. polyphyllus, Eriachne mucronata, E. pulchella subsp. dominii, Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx, Flaveria australasica subsp. australasica, Gossypium australe (Whim Creek form), Gossypium robinsonii, Hybanthus aurantiacus, Indigofera monophylla (brown calyx form), Ipomoea muelleri,



Paraneurachne muelleri, Phyllanthus maderaspatensis, Polycarpaea longiflora, Polymeria ambigua, Ptilotus astrolasius var. astrolasius, P. exaltatus var. exaltatus, Rhynchosia minima, Santalum lanceolatum, Setaria dielsii, Sida sp. spiciform panicles (E. Leyland s.n. 14/8/90), Sida sp. verrucose glands (F.H. Mollemans 2423), Themeda triandra, Trachymene oleracea subsp. oleracea, Trichodesma zeylanicum var. zeylanicum, Triodia pungens, T. wiseana and Triumfetta maconochieana. Vegetation condition was rated as Very Good. Quadrat OXB16.

Plate 4.1: Vegetation unit EcEvMaMg (OXB06). Plate 4.2: Vegetation unit EvAtuGwRlTErCYpERIt

(OXB16).

EvEcAtuRlTErERItTHt Eucalyptus victrix, E. camaldulensis scattered low trees over Acacia

tumida, Rulingia luteiflora shrubland over Tephrosia rosea low open shrubland over Eriachne tenuiculmis, Themeda triandra open tussock grassland

This broad creek extended from the north to the southwest in the western half of the study area and occupied 29.5 ha. Associated species included Alternanthera nana, Atalaya hemiglauca, Cleome viscosa, Corchorus crozophorifolius, Corymbia hamersleyana, Cucumis maderaspatanus, Gossypium australe (Burrup Peninsula form), G. robinsonii, Grevillea wickhamii, Phyllanthus maderaspatensis, Stemodia grossa and Triodia epactia. The vegetation condition was rated as Excellent. 4.2.1.2 Vegetation of Rocky Hill Slopes and Crests

ElAhiTsps Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia scattered low trees over Acacia hilliana low shrubland over Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835) hummock grassland

This vegetation unit occurred on the hills in the north of the study area and occupied 52.2 ha (see Plate 4.3). Associated species included Acacia adoxa var. adoxa, A. ancistrocarpa, Aristida holathera var. holathera, Cassia glutinosa, C. oligophylla x helmsii, C. pruinosa, Cucumis maderaspatanus, Cymbopogon ambiguus, Eriachne mucronata, Euphorbia boophthona, Fimbristylis simulans, Goodenia triodiophila, Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula, Hakea chordophylla, Keraudrenia velutina subsp. velutina, Polygala aff. isingii, Ptilotus calostachyus, P. rotundifolius, Schizachyrium fragile, Sida pilbarensis (ferruginous form), Solanum horridum, S. lasiophyllum, Trachymene oleracea subsp. oleracea, Themeda triandra and Triodia wiseana. The vegetation condition was rated as Excellent. Quadrat OXB05. ElTspsTw Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia scattered low trees over

Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835), T. wiseana hummock grassland

This vegetation unit occurred in the southeast of the study area and occupied 91.7 ha. Associated species included Acacia adoxa var. adoxa, A. ancistrocarpa, A. hilliana, A. inaequilatera, Aristida holathera var. holathera, Bonamia media var. villosa, Cassia glutinosa, C. luerssenii, C. oligophylla x helmsii, C. pruinosa, Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. lasiocarpus, Cucumis maderaspatanus, Cymbopogon ambiguus, Eriachne mucronata, Goodenia stobbsiana, G. triodiophila, Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula, Indigofera monophylla (brown calyx form), Ptilotus astrolasius var. astrolasius, P. calostachyus and Schizachyrium fragile. Quadrat OXB11.



ElAiGwAhiTsps Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia scattered low trees over Acacia inaequilatera, Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula tall open shrubland over Acacia hilliana low shrubland over Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835) hummock grassland

This vegetation unit occurred predominantly on the hills occupying the western section of the study area and covered 88.1 ha (see Plate 4.4). Associated species included *Bidens bipinnata, Cassia glutinosa, C. oligophylla x helmsii, C. pruinosa, Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. lasiocarpus, Corymbia hamersleyana, Cymbopogon ambiguus, Digitaria brownii, Enneapogon lindleyanus, Eriachne pulchella subsp. dominii, Fimbristylis dichotoma, Goodenia stobbsiana, G. triodiophila, Heliotropium cunninghamii, Hybanthus aurantiacus, Paspalidium clementii, Polycarpaea holtzei, P. longiflora, Ptilotus astrolasius, Schizachyrium fragile, Solanum horridum. S. lasiophyllum, Themeda triandra, Trachymene oleracea subsp. oleracea, Triodia pungens and T. wiseana. The vegetation condition was rated as Excellent. Quadrat OXB01. ElAiTw Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia scattered low trees over

Acacia inaequilatera tall open shrubland over Triodia wiseana open hummock grassland

This vegetation unit occurred on the hills to the south and southwest of the study area and occupied 85.9 ha (see Plate 4.5). Associated species included Bulbostylis barbata Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. lasiocarpus, Eriachne mucronata, E. pulchella, Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx, Fimbristylis dichotoma, Goodenia microptera, G. muelleriana, G. stobbsiana, Paraneurachne muelleri, Polycarpaea holtzei, Polygala aff. isingii, Ptilotus calostachyus, P. obovatus, Solanum lasiophyllum, Schizachyrium fragile, Streptoglossa decurrens, Tribulus suberosus, and Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835). The vegetation condition was rated as Excellent. Quadrat OXB02. ElChAbTw Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia, Corymbia

hamersleyana low open woodland over Acacia bivenosa scattered shrubs over Triodia wiseana hummock grassland

This vegetation unit occurred on a steep south-facing slope in the south of the study area and occupied 1.7 ha (see Plate 4.6). Associated species included Acacia adoxa subsp. adoxa, A. dictyophleba, A. maitlandii, A. pruinocarpa, Aristida contorta, A. holathera var. holathera, Bonamia media var. villosa, Cassia glutinosa, C. oligophylla x helmsii, C. pruinosa, Clerodendrum floribundum var. angustifolium, Corchorus crozophorifolius, Cymbopogon ambiguus, Enneapogon polyphyllus, Eremophila latrobei subsp. filiformis, Eriachne mucronata, Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx, Gomphrena cunninghamii, Goodenia muelleriana, Grevillea wickhamii, Hibiscus aff. coatesii (site 693), Hibiscus sturtii var. campylochlamys, Isotropis atropurpurea, Indigofera monophylla (brown calyx form), Jasminum didymum subsp. lineare, Paraneurachne muelleri, Polycarpaea longiflora, Schizachyrium fragile, Sida sp. spiciform panicles (E. Leyland s.n. 14/8/90), Solanum horridum, S. lasiophyllum, Tephrosia aff. densa, Themeda triandra and Tribulus suberosus. The vegetation condition was rated as Excellent. Quadrat OXB13.

Plate 4.3: Vegetation unit ElAhiTsps (OXB05). Plate 4.4: Vegetation unit ElAiGwAhiTsps

(OXB01).



Plate 4.5: Vegetation unit ElAiTw (OXB02). Plate 4.6: Vegetation unit ElChAbTw (OXB13).

ChGOrRlAtuGwTHtCYa Corymbia hamersleyana scattered low trees over Gossypium

robinsonii, Rulingia luteiflora, Acacia tumida, Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula shrubland over Themeda triandra, Cymbopogon ambiguus open tussock grassland

This vegetation occurred in a gorge in the west of the study area and occupied 2.0 ha (see Plate 4.7). Associated species included Abutilon dioicum, Acacia adoxa var. adoxa, A. bivenosa, A. maitlandii, A. pachyacra, A. pruinocarpa, A. pyrifolia, Alternanthera nana, Amaranthus undulatus, Aristida holathera var. holathera, A. ingrata, Astrotricha hamptonii, Atalaya hemiglauca, Bonamia media var. villosa, Cassia glutinosa, *Cenchrus ciliaris, Chrysocephalum apiculatum, Cleome viscosa, Clerodendrum floribundum var. angustifolium, Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. lasiocarpus, Dampiera candicans, Duperreya commixta, Enneapogon lindleyanus, E. polyphyllus, Eremophila longifolia, Eriachne mucronata, E. tenuiculmis, Euphorbia alsiniflora, E. tannensis subsp. eremophila, Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx, Ficus brachypoda, Gomphrena cunninghamii, Goodenia microptera, Gossypium australe (Whim Creek form), Grevillea pyramidalis, Heliotropium chrysocarpum, Hibiscus aff. coatesii (site 693), H. goldsworthii, H. sturtii var. campylochlamys, Hybanthus aurantiacus, Indigofera monophylla (brown calyx form), Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. occidentalis, Paraneurachne muelleri, Paspalidium clementii, Phyllanthus maderaspatensis, Polycarpaea longiflora, Polymeria ambigua, Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides, Ptilotus astrolasius, P. clementii, P. fusiformis, Rhynchosia minima, Santalum lanceolatum, Sida pilbarensis (ferruginous form), S. sp. Articulation below (A.A. Mitchell PRP 1605), S. sp. verrucose glands (F.H. Mollemans 2423), Solanum horridum, Stemodia grossa, Tephrosia densa, T. spechtii, Tinospora smilacina, Trachymene oleracea subsp. oleracea, Tribulus platypterus, Trichodesma zeylanicum var. zeylanicum, Triodia pungens, T. wiseana, Triumfetta leptacantha and T. maconochieana. The vegetation condition was rated as Excellent. Quadrat OXB03.

Plate 4.7: Vegetation unit ChGOrRlAtuGwTHtCYa

(OXB03).



4.2.1.3 Vegetation of Plains

ChHcGwTsps Corymbia hamersleyana low open woodland over Hakea chordophylla, Grevillea wickhamii tall open shrubland over Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835) open hummock grassland

This vegetation unit occurred on the plains in the east of the survey area and occupied 5.1 ha. Associated species included Acacia aneura, Cleome viscosa, Cassia glutinosa, Gossypium robinsonii, Polycarpaea holtzei, P. auriculifolius, P. exaltatus var. exaltatus, Trichodesma zeylanicum var. zeylanicum and Triodia wiseana. The vegetation condition was rated as only Good; there was a high level of disturbance in the vicinity of this vegetation unit, including dissection by tracks and associated dust. ChApyTp Corymbia hamersleyana low open woodland over Acacia pyrifolia

open shrubland over Triodia pungens scattered hummock grasses This vegetation unit occurred in a low-lying valley in the southwestern corner of the study area and occupied 72.8 ha. Associated species included Abutilon macrum, A. otocarpum, Acacia pruinocarpa, A. tumida var. pilbarensis, Alternanthera nana, Aristida holathera var. holathera, Atalaya hemiglauca, Boerhavia coccinea, Cassia helmsii, C. oligophylla x glutinosa, C. oligophylla x helmsii, *Cenchrus ciliaris, Chrysopogon fallax, Cleome viscosa, Corchorus crozophorifolius, Crotalaria medicaginea var. neglecta, Cymbopogon obtectus, Dysphania rhadinostachya, Eragrostis eriopoda, Eremophila longifolia, Eriachne tenuiculmis, Eulalia aurea, Euphorbia tannensis subsp. eremophila, Euphorbia sp. (FMLMC-10), Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx, Gomphrena cunninghamii, Goodenia microptera, G. muelleriana, G. triodiophila, Gossypium australe (Burrup Peninsula form), G. robinsonii, Hakea lorea subsp. lorea, Heliotropium cunninghamii, H. pachyphyllum, Hibiscus sturtii var. platychlamys, Hybanthus aurantiacus, Indigofera linnaei, I. monophylla (brown calyx form), Jasminum didymum subsp. lineare, Mollugo molluginea, Paraneurachne muelleri, Perotis rara, Polymeria aff. ambigua (PAN 26B-20), *Portulaca oleracea, Ptilotus astrolasius, P. exaltatus var. exaltatus, P. obovatus, Rhynchosia minima, Rulingia luteiflora, Santalum lanceolatum, Sida aff. fibulifera (oblong; MET 15 220), S. sp. spiciform panicles (E. Leyland s.n. 14/8/90), Stemodia grossa, Streptoglossa decurrens, Tephrosia rosea var. glabrior, T. sp. Bungaroo Creek (M.E. Trudgen 11601), Themeda triandra, Tribulus hirsutus and Waltheria indica. The vegetation condition was rated as Very Good. Quadrat OXB04. EgAtuAeTpTsps Eucalyptus gamophylla low woodland over A. tumida var.

pilbarensis, A. elachantha tall open shrubland over Triodia pungens, Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835) open hummock grassland

This vegetation unit occurred in the centre of the study area on low-lying plains sloping to the west and occupied 32.3 ha (see Plate 4.8). Associated species included Acacia adoxa var. adoxa, A. ancistrocarpa, A. dictyophleba, A. maitlandii, A. pachyacra, A. pruinocarpa, Aristida holathera var. holathera, Boerhavia coccinea, Bonamia rosea, Cassia notabilis, C. oligophylla x helmsii, C. pruinosa, Chrysopogon fallax, Corchorus crozophorifolius, C. lasiocarpus subsp. lasiocarpus, C. lasiocarpus subsp. parvus, Crotalaria medicaginea var. neglecta, Cymbopogon ambiguus, C. obtectus, Dicrastylis cordifolia, Dodonaea coriacea, Duperreya commixta, Enneapogon caerulescens, E. polyphyllus, Eragrostis eriopoda, Eriachne aristidea, Eulalia aurea, Euphorbia australis (mid-green form), E. boophthona, E. sp. (site 1089), Evolvulus alsinoides var. decumbens, Goodenia microptera, G. stobbsiana, Gossypium australe (Burrup Peninsula form), Heliotropium cunninghamii, H, pachyphyllum, Hibiscus sturtii var. campylochlamys, Indigofera monophylla (brown calyx form), Keraudrenia velutina subsp. elliptica, Mollugo molluginea, Paraneurachne muelleri, Perotis rara, Phyllanthus erwinii, Polymeria aff. ambigua (PAN 26B-20), Ptilotus astrolasius var. astrolasius, Scaevola parvifolia subsp. pilbarae, Sida aff. echinocarpa (MET 15,350), Sida sp. verrucose glands (F.H. Mollemans 2423), Solanum lasiophyllum, Tephrosia rosea var. glabrior, Tephrosia sp. Cathedral Gorge (F.H. Mollemans 2420) and Themeda triandra. The vegetation condition was rated as Excellent. Quadrat OXB09.



GwHcTsps Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula, Hakea chordophylla open shrubland over Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835) hummock grassland

This vegetation unit occurred in the centre of the study area on low-lying plains, to the west of EgAtuAeTpTsps, and occupied 52.1 ha (see Plate 4.9). Associated species included Amphipogon sericeus, Aristida holathera var. holathera, Bonamia media, Calytrix carinata, Cassia glutinosa, C. notabilis, Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. lasiocarpus, Cymbopogon obtectus, Cynanchum floribundum, Dampiera candicans, Eriachne pulchella subsp. dominii, Euphorbia australis (mid-green form), Goodenia microptera, G. stobbsiana, Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides, Ptilotus calostachyus, Schizachyrium fragile, Solanum lasiophyllum, S. phlomoides and Triodia pungens. The vegetation condition was rated as Excellent. Quadrat OXB10.

Plate 4.8: Vegetation unit EgAtuAeTpTsps

(OXB09). Plate 4.9: Vegetation unit GwHcTsps

(OXB10).

ChEgHlAbAdTp Corymbia hamersleyana, Eucalyptus gamophylla low open

woodland over Hakea lorea, Acacia bivenosa, A. dictyophleba tall shrubland over Triodia pungens open hummock grassland

This vegetation unit occurred in the western section of the study area and occupied 37.7 ha. Associated species included Acacia ancistrocarpa, A. tumida var. pilbarensis, Bonamia rosea, Duperreya commixta, Gossypium australe (Burrup Peninsula form), Keraudrenia velutina subsp. elliptica and Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835). The vegetation condition was rated as Very Good. ElAprGwTe Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia scattered low trees over

Acacia pruinocarpa, Grevillea wickhamii scattered tall shrubs over Triodia epactia hummock grassland

A small area (1.4 ha) of this vegetation unit occurred on the plains in the east of the project area. Associated species included Acacia monticola, A. pruinocarpa, Aristida contorta, A. holathera var. holathera, Cassia glutinosa, C. luerssenii, C. notabilis, Cleome viscosa, Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. parvus, Cucumis maderaspatanus, Cymbopogon ambiguus, Digitaria ctenantha, Duperreya commixta, Enneapogon lindleyanus, E. polyphyllus, Eremophila latrobei subsp. filiformis, Eriachne aristidea, E. mucronata, Euphorbia australis (mid-green form), Gomphrena cunninghamii, Goodenia microptera, G. muelleriana, G. stobbsiana, Gossypium robinsonii, Hibiscus sturtii var. campylochlamys, Ipomoea muelleri, Paraneurachne muelleri, Paspalidium clementii, Pluchea rubelliflora, Polycarpaea holtzei, Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides, Ptilotus astrolasius var. astrolasius, P. auriculifolius, P. calostachyus, P. exaltatus var. exaltatus, P. fusiformis, Schizachyrium fragile, Sida echinocarpa, S. pilbarensis (ferruginous form), S. sp. spiciform panicles (E. Leyland s.n. 14/8/90), Solanum horridum, S. lasiophyllum, Streptoglossa decurrens, Trichodesma zeylanicum var. zeylanicum and Triodia wiseana. The vegetation condition was rated as only Good, as there was a high level of disturbed ground in the vicinity of this vegetation unit, including areas dissected by tracks and dust.



ElAprAbERfTwTe Eucalyptus leucophloia, Acacia pruinocarpa low woodland over A. bivenosa scattered shrubs over Eremophila fraseri scattered low shrubs over Triodia wiseana, T. epactia hummock grassland

This vegetation unit occupied 47.1 ha in the northeast of the study area. Associated species include Abutilon otocarpum, Acacia tenuissima, Aristida holathera var. holathera, Bonamia rosea, Cassia glutinosa, C. luerssenii, C. oligophylla x helmsii, Cassytha capillaris, Chrysopogon fallax, Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. parvus, Cucumis maderaspatanus, Digitaria brownii, Dodonaea coriacea, Duperreya commixta, Eremophila latrobei subsp. filiformis, E. latrobei x forrestii, Eriachne lanata, E. mucronata, Goodenia microptera, G. stobbsiana, G. triodiophila, Heliotropium pachyphyllum, Hybanthus aurantiacus, Keraudrenia velutina subsp. elliptica, *Malvastrum americanum, Pluchea rubelliflora, Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides, Ptilotus astrolasius, P. calostachyus, Sida arenicola, Solanum phlomoides, S. lasiophyllum, Streptoglossa decurrens and Trichodesma zeylanicum var. zeylanicum. The vegetation condition was rated only as Good, as there was a high level of disturbed ground in the vicinity of this vegetation unit, including areas dissected by tracks and dust.

Table 4.1: Summary of vegetation units and their area of extent within the Oxbow study area.

Unit Code Description Area (ha)

Vegetation of Major and Minor Creeklines EcEvMaMg Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. victrix woodland over Melaleuca argentea,

M. glomerata low open woodland 10.0

EvAtuGwRlTErCYpERIt Eucalyptus victrix scattered low trees over Acacia tumida var. pilbarensis, Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula, Rulingia luteiflora tall shrubland over Tephrosia rosea low shrubland over Cymbopogon procerus, Eriachne tenuiculmis very open tussock grassland

1.9

EvEcAtuRlTErERItTHt Eucalyptus victrix, E. camaldulensis scattered low trees over Acacia tumida, Rulingia luteiflora shrubland over Tephrosia rosea low open shrubland over Eriachne tenuiculmis, Themeda triandra open tussock grassland

29.5

Vegetation of Rocky Hillslopes and Crests ElAhiTsps Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia scattered low trees over

Acacia hilliana low shrubland over Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835) hummock grassland.

52.2

ElTspsTw Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia scattered low trees over Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835), T. wiseana hummock grassland

91.7

ElAiGwAhiTsps Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia scattered low trees over Acacia inaequilatera, Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula tall open shrubland over Acacia hilliana low shrubland over Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835) hummock grassland.

88.1

ElAiTw Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia scattered low trees over Acacia inaequilatera tall open shrubland over Triodia wiseana open hummock grassland.

85.9

ElChAbTw Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia, Corymbia hamersleyana low open woodland over Acacia bivenosa scattered shrubs over Triodia wiseana hummock grassland.

1.7

ChGOrRlAtuGwTHtCYa Corymbia hamersleyana scattered low trees over Gossypium robinsonii, Rulingia luteiflora, Acacia tumida, Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula shrubland over Themeda triandra, Cymbopogon ambiguus open tussock grassland.

2.0

Vegetation of Plains ChHcGwTsps Corymbia hamersleyana low open woodland over Hakea chordophylla,

Grevillea wickhamii tall open shrubland over Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835) open hummock grassland.

5.1

ChApyTp Corymbia hamersleyana low open woodland over Acacia pyrifolia open shrubland over Triodia pungens scattered hummock grasses

72.8

EgAtuAeTpTsps Eucalyptus gamophylla low woodland over A. tumida var. pilbarensis, A. elachantha tall open shrubland over Triodia pungens and Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835) open hummock grassland

32.3



Unit Code Description Area (ha)

GwHcTsps Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula, Hakea chordophylla open shrubland over Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835) hummock grassland

52.1

ChEgHlAbAdTp Corymbia hamersleyana, Eucalyptus gamophylla low open woodland over Hakea lorea, Acacia bivenosa, A. dictyophleba tall shrubland over Triodia pungens open hummock grassland.

37.7

ElAprGwTe Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia scattered low trees over Acacia pruinocarpa, Grevillea wickhamii scattered tall shrubs over Triodia epactia hummock grassland

1.4

ElAprAbERfTwTe Eucalyptus leucophloia, Acacia pruinocarpa low woodland over Acacia bivenosa scattered shrubs over Eremophila fraseri scattered low shrubs over Triodia wiseana, T. epactia hummock grassland.

47.1

Disturbed 113.1 Total 726.0



Figure 4.1: Land systems and vegetation mapping for the Oxbow study area, including locations of Declared Rare Flora, Priority flora, and Introduced flora species (weeds).



4.2.2 JSW

The vegetation sub-associations are described individually below, grouped within the main landform categories present within the JSW study area. They are also summarised in Table 4.2 and shown in Figure 4.2. 4.2.2.1 Vegetation of Major and Minor Creeklines

EcEvMaMg Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. victrix woodland over Melaleuca argentea, M. glomerata low open woodland

This creekline unit (Marillana Creek) extended in a northwest to northeast direction in the study area and occupied 127.3 ha. While the entire creek has been mapped as EcEvMaMg, there were some sections that were narrower and did not contain the Melaleuca species. This was the case for quadrat YSW08 (see Plate 4.10). Associated species included Acacia ampliceps, A. coriacea subsp. pendens, A. tumida var. pilbarensis, Amaranthus undulatus, *Argemone ochroleuca subsp. ochroleuca, Atalaya hemiglauca, *Cenchrus ciliaris, Cleome viscosa, Corchorus crozophorifolius, Cucumis maderaspatanus, Cymbopogon procerus, Cyperus vaginatus, Enneapogon lindleyanus, Eriachne tenuiculmis, Eulalia aurea, Euphorbia biconvexa, Gossypium robinsonii, Indigofera monophylla (brown calyx form), Phyllanthus maderaspatensis, Polymeria aff. ambigua (PAN 26B-20), Rhynchosia minima, Setaria dielsii, *S. verticillata, Sida sp. verrucose glands (F.H. Mollemans 2423), Sorghum plumosum, Stemodia grossa, Tephrosia rosea var. glabrior, Themeda triandra, *Vachellia farnesiana and Waltheria indica. The vegetation condition was rated as Very Good, due to the presence of weeds and disturbance by cattle. Cattle are widespread in the Yandi area and the section of creekline northeast of the Marillana and Weeli-Wolli Creek junction, near the Billiards deposit (see Biota 2009), was extensively grazed; to a much greater extent than this section of Marillana Creek. Quadrat YSW08.

Plate 4.10: Vegetation unit EcEvMaMg (YSW08).

EvAtuGwRlTErCYpERIt Eucalyptus victrix scattered low trees over Acacia tumida var.

pilbarensis, Grevillea wickhamii, Rulingia luteiflora tall shrubland over Tephrosia rosea low shrubland over Cymbopogon procerus, Eriachne tenuiculmis open tussock grassland

This vegetation type, a relatively narrow and open creekline in the northwest of the project area, was identified on the basis of its similarity in aerial signature to a corresponding unit in the nearby Oxbow project area. It occupied 14.2 ha of the survey area. Associated species included Abutilon dioicum, A. lepidum, Acacia maitlandii, A. pyrifolia, *Acetosa vesicaria, Amaranthus undulatus, Aristida holathera var. holathera, Boerhavia coccinea, Cassia luerssenii, C. oligophylla, *Cenchrus ciliaris, Cleome viscosa, Corchorus crozophorifolius, Crotalaria medicaginea var. neglecta, Cucumis maderaspatanus, Cymbopogon ambiguus, Digitaria ctenantha, Duperreya commixta, Enneapogon lindleyanus, E. polyphyllus, Eriachne mucronata, E. pulchella subsp. dominii, Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx, Flaveria australasica subsp. australasica, Gossypium robinsonii, Hybanthus aurantiacus, Indigofera monophylla (brown calyx form), Ipomoea muelleri, Paraneurachne muelleri, Phyllanthus maderaspatensis, Polycarpaea longiflora, Polymeria ambigua, Ptilotus astrolasius var. astrolasius, P. exaltatus var. exaltatus, Rhynchosia minima,



Santalum lanceolatum, Setaria dielsii, Sida sp. spiciform panicles (E. Leyland s.n. 14/8/90), S. sp. verrucose glands (F.H. Mollemans 2423), Themeda triandra, Trachymene oleracea subsp. oleracea, Trichodesma zeylanicum var. zeylanicum, Triodia pungens, T. wiseana and Triumfetta maconochieana. The vegetation condition was rated as Very Good. Quadrat YSW01 (outside of 2009 study area), YSW04 (outside of 2009 study area), YSW18S, YSW19S. 4.2.2.2 Vegetation of Rocky Hillslopes and Crests

ElGwAdCApAhiTsps Eucalyptus leucophloia scattered low trees over Grevillea wickhamii, Acacia dictyophleba scattered tall shrubs over Cassia pruinosa scattered shrubs over A. hilliana scattered low shrubs over Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill hummock grassland

This vegetation unit was recorded over high, undulating country in the north of the project area, occupying 184.0 ha (see Plate 4.11). Associated species included Acacia adoxa var. adoxa, A. ancistrocarpa, A. inaequilatera, A. pruinocarpa, Cassia glutinosa, C. oligophylla, C. pruinosa, Corymbia deserticola subsp. deserticola, Dodonaea coriacea, Fimbristylis simulans, Goodenia stobbsiana, Hakea lorea subsp. lorea, Pluchea dunlopii, Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides, Ptilotus calostachyus, Schizachyrium fragile, Sida arenicola, Trachymene oleracea subsp. oleracea and Triodia wiseana. The condition of this vegetation site was rated as Excellent. Quadrat YSW03, YSW06 (outside 2009 study area), YSW17S.

Plate 4.11: Vegetation unit ElGwAdCApAhiTsps (YSW06).

ElTspsTw Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia scattered low trees

over Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835), T. wiseana hummock grassland

This vegetation unit was the most extensive within the project area, dominating the undulating low hills in the south, and occupying 548.7 ha (37.6%) of the study area. Associated species included Acacia adoxa var. adoxa, A. ancistrocarpa, Aristida holathera var. holathera, Cassia glutinosa, C. oligophylla x helmsii, C. pruinosa, Cucumis maderaspatanus, Cymbopogon ambiguus, Eriachne mucronata, Euphorbia boophthona, Fimbristylis simulans, Goodenia triodiophila, Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula, Hakea chordophylla, Keraudrenia velutina subsp. velutina, Polygala aff. isingii, Ptilotus calostachyus, P. rotundifolius, Schizachyrium fragile, Sida pilbarensis (ferruginous form), Solanum horridum, S. lasiophyllum, Trachymene oleracea subsp. oleracea and Themeda triandra. The vegetation condition was rated as Excellent. YSW20S.



4.2.2.3 Vegetation of Plains

ElAprAbERfTwTe Eucalyptus leucophloia, Acacia pruinocarpa low woodland over A. bivenosa scattered shrubs over Eremophila fraseri scattered low shrubs over Triodia wiseana, T. epactia hummock grassland

This low plain is bordered by low hills to the south and Marillana Creek to the north. It has been subject to a high intensity drilling program, although much of the scale of this disturbance is too fine to be displayed in the vegetation mapping (see Figure 4.2). This vegetation unit occupied 248.6 ha of the survey area and is shown in Plate 4.12. Associated species included Abutilon otocarpum, Acacia tenuissima, Aristida holathera, Bonamia rosea, Cassia glutinosa, C. luerssenii, C. oligophylla x helmsii, Cassytha capillaris, Chrysopogon fallax, Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. parvus, Cucumis maderaspatanus, Digitaria brownii, Dodonaea coriacea, Duperreya commixta, Eremophila latrobei subsp. filiformis, E. latrobei x forrestii, Eriachne lanata, E. mucronata, Goodenia microptera, G. stobbsiana, G. triodiophila, Heliotropium pachyphyllum, Hybanthus aurantiacus, Keraudrenia velutina subsp. elliptica, *Malvastrum americanum, Pluchea rubelliflora, Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides, Ptilotus astrolasius var. astrolasius, P. calostachyus, Sida arenicola, Solanum phlomoides, S. lasiophyllum, Streptoglossa decurrens and Trichodesma zeylanicum var. zeylanicum. The vegetation condition was rated as Very Good. Quadrats YSW05, YSW07, YSW09, YSW11, YSW12, YSW13, YSW15 and YSW16; relevé R-BRMA-01. GpERfPTrTe Grevillea pyramidalis scattered tall shrubs over Eremophila fraseri

open shrubland over Ptilotus rotundifolius scattered low shrubs over Triodia epactia hummock grassland

This vegetation type is bordered by steep hills to the north and Marillana Creek to the south. It occupied 128.1ha of the survey area (see Plate 4.13). Associated species included Acacia tetragonophylla, Aristida contorta, A. holathera, Bulbostylis barbata, Cassia luerssenii, Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi, Cleome viscosa, Enneapogon polyphyllus, Eremophila latrobei subsp. filiformis, Eriachne aristidea, E. mucronata, E. pulchella subsp. dominii, Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx, Goodenia microptera, Grevillea wickhamii, Polycarpaea corymbosa var. corymbosa, Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides, Ptilotus astrolasius var. astrolasius, P. rotundifolius, Schizachyrium fragile, Solanum lasiophyllum, Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835) and Tripogon loliiformis. The condition of this vegetation type was Excellent. Quadrat YSW02.

Plate 4.12: Vegetation unit ElAprAbERfTwTe

(YSW16). Plate 4.13: Vegetation unit GpERfPTrTe (YSW02).

ElAprGwTe Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia scattered low trees over

Acacia pruinocarpa, Grevillea wickhamii scattered tall shrubs over Triodia epactia hummock grassland

This vegetation unit bordered the northwest of the study area and occupied 13.01 ha. Associated species included Acacia monticola, A. pruinocarpa, Aristida contorta, A. holathera var. holathera, Boerhavia coccinea, Cassia glutinosa, C. luerssenii, C. notabilis, Cleome viscosa, Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. parvus, Cucumis maderaspatanus, Cymbopogon ambiguus, Digitaria ctenantha, Duperreya commixta, Dysphania rhadinostachya, Enneapogon lindleyanus, E. polyphyllus, Eremophila fraseri subsp. fraseri, E. latrobei subsp. filiformis, Eriachne aristidea, E. lanata, E. mucronata, Euphorbia australis (mid-green form), Gomphrena cunninghamii, Goodenia



microptera, G. muelleriana, G. stobbsiana, Gossypium robinsonii, Heliotropium chrysocarpum, H. tenuifolium, Hibiscus sturtii var. campylochlamys, Ipomoea muelleri, Paraneurachne muelleri, Paspalidium clementii, Peripleura virgata, Pluchea rubelliflora, Polycarpaea holtzei, Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides, Ptilotus astrolasius var. astrolasius, P. auriculifolius, P. calostachyus, P. exaltatus var. exaltatus, P. fusiformis, Schizachyrium fragile, Sida echinocarpa, S. pilbarensis (ferruginous form), S. sp. spiciform panicles (E. Leyland s.n. 14/8/90), Solanum horridum, S. lasiophyllum, Streptoglossa decurrens, Trichodesma zeylanicum var. zeylanicum and Triodia wiseana. The vegetation condition was rated as Good.

Table 4.2: Summary of vegetation units and their area of extent within the JSW study area.

Unit Code Description Area (ha) Vegetation of Major and Minor Creeklines EcEvMaMg Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. victrix woodland over Melaleuca

argentea, M. glomerata low open woodland. 127.3

EvAtuGwRlTErCYpERIt Eucalyptus victrix scattered low trees over Acacia tumida var. pilbarensis, Grevillea wickhamii, Rulingia luteiflora tall shrubland over Tephrosia rosea low shrubland over Cymbopogon procerus, Eriachne tenuiculmis open tussock grassland

14.2

Vegetation of Rocky Hillslopes and Crests ElGwAdCApAhiTsps Eucalyptus leucophloia scattered low trees over Grevillea wickhamii,

Acacia dictyophleba scattered tall shrubs over Cassia pruinosa scattered shrubs over Acacia hilliana scattered low shrubs over Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill hummock grassland

184.0

ElTspsTw Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia scattered low trees over Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill, T. wiseana hummock grassland

548.7

Vegetation of Plains ElAprAbERfTwTe Eucalyptus leucophloia, Acacia pruinocarpa low woodland over

Acacia bivenosa scattered shrubs over Eremophila fraseri scattered low shrubs over Triodia wiseana, T. epactia hummock grassland

248.6

GpERfPTrTe Grevillea pyramidalis scattered tall shrubs over Eremophila fraseri open shrubland over Ptilotus rotundifolius scattered low shrubs over Triodia epactia hummock grassland

128.1

ElAprGwTe Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia scattered low trees over Acacia pruinocarpa, Grevillea wickhamii scattered tall shrubs over Triodia epactia hummock grassland

13.0

Disturbed 194.7 Total 1458.6



Figure 4.2: Land systems and vegetation mapping for the JSW study area, including locations of Priority flora and introduced species (weeds).



4.3 Conservation Significance of the Vegetation Types

4.3.1 Summary of Vegetation Condition

The intact vegetation types of the Oxbow and JSW study areas were generally in Very Good to Excellent condition. The main signs of disturbance comprised grazing and trampling damage from cattle, which have contributed to extensive weed invasion through some areas. The Oxbow and JSW study areas also contained approximately 16% and 13% of disturbed areas, respectively. These areas are considered to be completely degraded.

4.3.2 Threatened Ecological Communities Listed under the EPBC Act 1999

No vegetation communities listed as Threatened Ecological Communities (TECs) under the Commonwealth EPBC Act 1999 occur in the Oxbow or JSW areas or have been previously recorded from the Yandi area.

4.3.3 Threatened Ecological Communities listed at State Level

No vegetation communities listed as TECs at State level occur in the JSW or Oxbow study area.

4.3.4 Priority Ecological Communities listed by DEC

No vegetation communities listed as Priority Ecological Communities (PEC) at State level occur in the JSW or Oxbow study area.

4.3.5 Groundwater-dependent Communities

Of the vegetation sub-associations identified for the Oxbow and JSW study areas, EcEvMaMg represents an ecosystem dependent on groundwater. The only truly phreatophytic3 species in the area comprised Eucalyptus camaldulensis (River Red Gum) and Melaleuca argentea (Cajeput), both of which were recorded in vegetation unit EcEvMaMg in Marillana Creek, one of the major, seasonally flowing creeks in the Yandi area. Eucalyptus victrix (Coolibah) was also present here as a dominant species. This species is generally believed to be vadophytic4, particularly when occurring as small trees, however larger trees (as present in Marillana Creek) may behave as phreatophytes. The species recorded from other vegetation units are predominantly xerophytic, sourcing their water requirements from the unsaturated zone of the soil profile.

4.3.6 Vegetation Sub-associations of Local Conservation Significance

4.3.6.1 Oxbow

Vegetation units of High Significance

The major seasonally flowing creekline, Marillana Creek is the main drainage feature for the survey area and supports riparian vegetation unit EcEvMaMg. This unit is considered to be of High conservation significance (see Appendix 6 and Table 6.1). Clearing of riparian vegetation may result in sediment loading both locally and further downstream. This unit also occurred within the River and Robe land systems, which are both relatively restricted on a regional scale. The vegetation unit ElChAbTw is also considered to be of High conservation significance as it is supporting the DRF Lepidium catapycnon (see Appendix 6 and Table 6.1).

3 Phreatophytes are plants that are primarily or totally reliant on the saturated zone below the water

table to meet their physiological water requirements. 4 Vadophytes are plants that source their water requirements from the vadose zone of the soil profile

above the water table; their water is usually derived from surface flows or direct rainfall infiltrating the soil profile.



Vegetation units of Moderate Significance

The area of vegetation unit ElAprAbERfTwTe occurs in both the Oxbow and JSW study areas. This vegetation type supported the population of the Priority 4 Goodenia nuda in the JSW study area. It is considered to be of Moderate conservation significance (see Appendix 6 and Table 6.1). 4.3.6.2 JSW

Vegetation units of High Significance

The vegetation unit EcEvMaMg, occurs in both the Oxbow and JSW study areas. As described in Section 4.3.6.1, the major seasonally flowing creekline, Marillana Creek, is considered to be of High conservation significance (see Appendix 6 and Table 6.1). See Section 4.3.6.1 for further information.

Vegetation units of Moderate Significance

The area of vegetation unit ElAprAbERfTwTe, supporting the population of the Priority 4 Goodenia nuda is considered to be of Moderate conservation significance (see Appendix 6 and Table 6.1).



5.0 Flora

5.1 Overview of the Flora of the Study Area 5.1.1 Overall Species Richness

5.1.1.1 Oxbow

A total of 220 native vascular flora species from 102 genera belonging to 38 families was recorded from the Oxbow study area, along with 13 introduced species. A species list is provided in Appendix 4. 5.1.1.2 JSW

A total of 278 native vascular flora species from 120 genera belonging to 43 families was recorded from the survey work in the combined 2007 and 2009 JSW study area (as per Figure 4.2). Of these, 267 native species from 114 genera and 40 families were recorded in the 2009 study area. Thirteen introduced flora species were also recorded. A species list is provided in Appendix 4.

5.1.2 Dominant Taxa and Groups

The plant families and genera with the greatest number of native taxa within the Oxbow and JSW survey areas are shown in Table 5.1. These families and genera are those that are predominant in the vegetation of the Pilbara, and that usually have most representatives on flora lists from this region, due to their prominence in the Eremaean flora. Some of the families (e.g. the Amaranthaceae, Malvaceae and Poaceae) are more species rich in the northern flora and poorer in the southern flora, while others (such as the Fabaceae) are abundant in all three botanical provinces (Northern, Eremaean and South western).

Table 5.1: Number of native plant species in the dominant plant families and genera within the Oxbow and JSW survey areas.

Oxbow Junction South West (2009 study area) Family Number of

Native Taxa Family Number of

Native Taxa Fabaceae (pea, wattle family) 40 Poaceae (grass family) 52

Poaceae (grass family) 36 Fabaceae (pea, wattle family) 48

Malvaceae (hibiscus family) 34 Malvaceae (hibiscus family) 37 Amaranthaceae (mulla-mulla family) 12 Amaranthaceae (mulla-mulla family) 15

Asteraceae (daisy family) 9 Asteraceae (daisy family) 12 Genus Number of

Native Taxa Genus Number of

Native Taxa Acacia (wattles) 18 Acacia (wattles) 19

Cassia (cassias) 9 Cassia (cassias) 12

Sida (sidas) 9 Sida (sidas) 11

Euphorbia (spurges) 8 Ptilotus (mulla-mullas) 10

Ptilotus (mulla-mullas) 8 Euphorbia (spurges) 10

5.2 Flora of Conservation Significance

The framework for assessing the conservation significance of flora species is presented in Appendix 1.

5.2.1 Threatened Flora Listed under the EPBC Act 1999 Occurring in the Survey Areas

The DRF species Lepidium catapycnon, which is listed as Vulnerable under the Commonwealth EPBC Act 1999, was recorded from the Oxbow survey area.



5.2.2 Probability of Declared Rare Flora Occurring in the Study Area

5.2.2.1 Oxbow

Thryptomene wittweri (Mountain Thryptomene) would not be expected to occur in the Oxbow study area, as suitable habitat is absent (Section 3.6.2.1). No occurrences of T. wittweri were recorded during the study. The habitat for DRF Lepidium catapycnon is broad and commonly occurs throughout the Pilbara. One occurrence of L. catapycnon was recorded from the Oxbow study area during the 2008 survey, and this species is known from the Newman locality (Section 5.2.3.1). 5.2.2.2 JSW

Thryptomene wittweri would not be expected to occur in the JSW study area as suitable habitat is absent (Section 3.6.2.1). No occurrences of T. wittweri were recorded during the study. The habitat for DRF Lepidium catapycnon is broad and commonly occurs throughout the Pilbara. While the presence of L. catapycnon in the Oxbow study area suggests that it may also occur in the adjacent JSW study area, this species has not been recorded during three years of survey work. While it is considered relatively unlikely to occur in the JSW area, the presence of suitable habitat and a nearby population suggests that L. catapycnon could occur in the locality under suitable conditions.

5.2.3 DRF and Priority Flora Recorded from the Study Areas

5.2.3.1 Oxbow

The DRF species Lepidium catapycnon (Plate 5.1) was recorded from the Oxbow survey area during the 2008 field survey. This species is listed as DRF under State legislation and as a Threatened species in the ‘Vulnerable’ category under the EPBC Act 1999. One individual was recorded on a recently burnt hilltop in the southeast of the study area within the vegetation unit ElChAbTw. The geology at the site was massive banded ironstone. The location coordinates are shown in Table 5.2 (see also Figure 4.1).

Plate 5.1: Lepidium catapycnon: an individual shrub (left) and images from FloraBase (right)

showing a close up of a flowering stem (top) and a small flowering herb (bottom).

Table 5.2: Location of Lepidium catapycnon in the Oxbow study area.

Record Type Location No. of individuals Easting (GDA94) Northing (GDA94)

Opportunistic 720262 7477224 x 1



The former Priority 3 species, Tephrosia sp. Cathedral Gorge (F.H. Mollemans 2420), was recorded during the Oxbow study. Since the time of the survey, T. sp. Cathedral Gorge has been taken off the Priority listing. The location of this species has not been included. 5.2.3.2 JSW

No species listed as DRF by the DEC under the Western Australian Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 were recorded from the JSW study area during the 2007, 2008 or 2009 surveys. Tephrosia sp. Cathedral Gorge (F.H. Mollemans 2420) was also recorded during the JSW study. The locations have not been included (see Section 5.2.3.1). One Priority 4 flora species was recorded from the JSW area during the field surveys:

• Goodenia nuda Priority 4 This erect to ascending herb grows to 50 cm in height and has yellow flowers (Plate 5.2). It has been recorded from various locations around the Pilbara as well as in the Little Sandy Desert bioregions. Goodenia nuda was recorded from a quadrat in the JSW study area in 2008, within vegetation unit ElAprAbERfTwTe (Table 5.3 and Figure 4.2).

Table 5.3: Location of Goodenia nuda in the JSW study area.

Species Record Type Location No. of individuals Easting (GDA94) Northing (GDA94)

Goodenia nuda Quadrat (YSW05) 725104 7479655 Scattered

Plate 5.2: Goodenia nuda: flower and habit (image

courtesy of FloraBase).

5.2.4 Probability of Other Priority Flora Occurring in the Study Area

Given that conditions at the time of the 2007 and 2009 surveys were adequate for the collection of most species, it is considered unlikely that the other Priority flora previously found in the area are present within the study area. Particularly the taxa that has been recorded only once or occurs in a poorly represented habitat (see Section 3.6.2.2).

5.2.5 Other Flora of Conservation Interest

Numerous plant groups in the Pilbara are poorly resolved and urgently require revision; these include the genera Abutilon, Bonamia, Cassia, Corchorus, Euphorbia, Hibiscus, Indigofera, Polygala and Sida. Undescribed taxa are frequently recorded from these groups during routine surveys.



Malcolm Trudgen (M.E. Trudgen & Associates) has indicated that the taxa listed in Table 5.4 are likely to be separate entities. None of these are expected to represent potential DRF or Priority species and all are relatively common in the Pilbara bioregion.

Table 5.4: Species of interest and their presence within the study areas.

Family Species Study Area

Oxbow JSW Convolvulaceae Polymeria aff. ambigua (PAN 26B-20)

Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia australis (mid-green form)

Euphorbia aff. australis

Euphorbia sp. (FMLMC-10)

Euphorbia sp. (PAN5-15)

Euphorbia sp. (site 1089)

Malvaceae Abutilon otocarpum (acute leaf form)

Gossypium australe (Burrup Peninsula form)

Gossypium australe (Whim Creek form)

Hibiscus aff. coatesii (MET 16,542)

Hibiscus aff. coatesii (site 693)

Hibiscus aff. sturtii (HD7-11)

Melhania sp. (CH15-39)

Sida aff. echinocarpa (MET 15,350) Sida aff. fibulifera (oblong; MET 15 220)

Sida aff. fibulifera (prostrate A.A. Mitchell 3 572)

Sida aff. fibulifera var. L Sida pilbarensis (ferruginous form)

Sida aff. pilbarensis (EOB46-01B)

Sida sp. Articulation below (A.A. Mitchell PRP 1605) Sida sp. Excedentifolia (J.L. Egan 1925) Sida sp. spiciform panicles (E. Leyland s.n. 14/8/90)

Sida sp. verrucose glands (F.H. Mollemans 2423)

Fabaceae Cassia glutinosa x ?

Cassia aff. oligophylla (thinly sericeous)

Cassia aff. oligophylla (thinly sericeous) x glutinosa

Indigofera monophylla (brown calyx form)

Tephrosia aff. densa Tephrosia aff. densa (WW22-16) Polygalaceae Polygala aff. isingii

5.3 Introduced Flora

5.3.1 Oxbow

Thirteen introduced flora (weed) species were recorded from the Oxbow study area (for locations see Appendix 5 and Figure 4.1):

• *Acetosa vesicaria (Ruby Dock) was initially introduced to the Pilbara for mine site rehabilitation and has since spread to surrounding areas. It is an aggressive weed that spreads by vegetative means as well as by seed. Ruby Dock is a perennial, stout, fleshy plant with broad, triangular leaves and densely clustered fruit enclosed in red to pink valves. A common weed of roadsides and disturbed area, its distribution is scattered across the State, particularly in the arid zone. This species was recorded as scattered individuals within a creekline in the south of the study area (vegetation unit EvAtuGwRlTErCYpERIt). In addition, a dense population was identified along a rail embankment in the northwest of the study area.

• *Argemone ochroleuca (Mexican Poppy) is a relatively common weed of the Hamersley Range and typically occurs in open, gravelly creek beds. This robust annual is difficult to control as it produces very large quantities of seed, and flooding of its habitat can spread the seed for large distances. It grows up to 1 m high and has yellow, cream or white flowers and



deeply divided, large, prickly leaves. Scattered individuals of this species were recorded within Marillana Creek.

• *Bidens bipinnata (Bipinnate Beggartick) is a common and widespread weed of Mulga vegetation and creeklines of the Pilbara. This annual daisy may occur in very high densities within suitable habitat and given appropriate conditions, but does not entirely exclude native annuals. It was recorded once from the western range of hills in the study area.

• Buffel Grass (*Cenchrus ciliaris) was introduced by pastoralists as a fodder species. This perennial grass has demonstrated allelopathic capacities, whereby it releases chemicals that inhibit the growth of other plants, and it is an aggressive and effective competitor with native flora. Buffel Grass forms dense tussock grasslands, particularly along creeklines, floodplains and in sandy coastal areas. This species was recorded four times from floodplain, gorge and creekline habitats in the study area.

• *Citrullus colocynthis (Colocynth) is a trailing perennial herb or climber found in wetlands and creeks in the Pilbara and scattered across central Western Australia. It has yellow flowers and green fruits with yellow markings. It was recorded once within Marillana Creek in the northeast of the study area.

• *Flaveria trinervia is an annual daisy. One record was made from within creekline vegetation in the Oxbow study area.

• *Malvastrum americanum (Spiked Malvastrum) is a common weed of Mulga vegetation, hillsides, floodplains and drainage lines. It is an erect, perennial herb or shrub to 1.3 m high with yellow or orange flowers. It was recorded once within Marillana Creek in the northeast of the study area.

• *Portulaca oleracea (Purslane) is a succulent, prostrate to decumbent annual herb with yellow flowers. It occurs in clay loam and sandy soils, often but not always in disturbed areas. This species was recorded once from floodplain habitat in the southwest of the study area.

• *Setaria verticillata (Whorled Pigeon Grass) is a common weed of creeklines and Mulga vegetation in the Pilbara rarely occurs in large numbers. It is a loosely tufted, annual grass growing to 1.3 m in height with a dense, spike-like inflorescence. This species is widespread from Kununurra to Albany. One record was made from Marillana Creek, in the northeast of the study area.

• *Sigesbeckia orientalis (Indian Weed) is a slender herbaceous daisy occurring through the southern Pilbara, particularly in Mulga vegetation, drainage areas and rocky habitats. It was recorded once from within Marillana Creek.

• *Sisymbrium orientale (Indian Hedge Mustard) is an erect, annual or biennial herb growing to 1 m high, commonly found in disturbed areas throughout the State from Exmouth to Eucla. It had arrow-shaped leaves and yellow flowers. It was recorded once from within Marillana Creek.

• *Solanum nigrum (Black Berry Nightshade) is a widespread weed of roadsides and wastelands throughout Western Australia from Kununurra to Eucla, but is recorded infrequently in the northern part of the State. It is an erect, perennial herb or short-lived shrub to 1m high with white flowers and black to purple berries. It was recorded once from within Marillana Creek.

• *Vachellia farnesiana (Mimosa Bush) was recorded once from within Marillana Creek. This tall, thorny shrub species is widespread through the State from north of Perth to the Kimberley, and typically occurs in drainage habitats.

None of these species are Declared Plants according to the Agriculture and Related Resources Protection Act 1976, however *Acetosa vesicaria (Ruby Dock) and *Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel Grass) are considered to be serious environmental weeds.

5.3.2 JSW

Thirteen introduced flora (weed) species were recorded from the JSW study area (for locations see Appendix 5 and Figure 4.2):



• *Acetosa vesicaria (Ruby Dock) was recorded twice, once from Marillana Creek and once within the adjacent plains (vegetation unit ElAprAbERfTwTe). Both records were of scattered individuals. For a description of Ruby Dock, see Section 5.3.1.

• *Argemone ochroleuca (Mexican Poppy) was recorded once, as scattered individuals, from within Marillana Creek. For a description of Mexican Poppy, see Section 5.3.1.

• *Bidens bipinnata (Beggars Tick) was recorded three times as scattered individuals, once from Marillana Creek, and twice from the adjacent plains (vegetation unit ElAprAbERfTwTe). An additional record was located just outside the study area. For a description of Beggars Tick, see Section 5.3.1.

• *Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel Grass) was recorded seven times, with all records from major creeklines or the adjacent plains (vegetation unit ElAprAbERfTwTe). For a description of Buffel Grass, see Section 5.3.1.

• *Conyza bonariensis (Flaxleaf Fleabane) is an annual daisy with white flowers and a grey indumentum. It is an occasional weed of drainage areas in the Pilbara as well as disturbed areas, cultivated areas and roadsides across Western Australia. This species was recorded once within Marillana Creek, and there was another record just outside the study area.

• *Flaveria trinervia is an annual daisy. There were two records from creekline and floodplain habitat.

• *Malvastrum americanum (Spiked Malvastrum) was recorded four times, twice within Marillana Creek and twice from the adjacent plains (vegetation unit ElAprAbERfTwTe). There was an additional record from outside of the study area. For a description of Spiked Malvastrum, see Section 5.3.1.

• *Portulaca oleracea (Purslane) was recorded three times. All records were made from vegetation unit ElAprAbERfTwTe, which occurred on the plains. For a description of Purslane, see Section 5.3.1.

• *Setaria verticillata (Whorled Pigeon Grass) was recorded five times, three times within Marillana Creek and twice from the adjacent plains (vegetation unit ElAprAbERfTwTe). For a description of Whorled Pigeon Grass, see Section 5.3.1.

• *Sigesbeckia orientalis (Indian Weed) was recorded from one location within Marillana Creek. Refer to Section 5.3.1 for a description of Indian Weed.

• *Solanum nigrum (Black Berry Nightshade) was recorded from one location, within Marillana Creek. Refer to Section 5.3.1 for a description of Solanum nigrum.

• *Tribulus terrestris (Caltrop) was recorded from a single location in Marillana Creek.

• *Vachellia farnesiana (Mimosa Bush) was recorded from three locations, one within Marillana Creek and two on the adjacent plains (vegetation unit ElAprAbERfTwTe). For a description of Mimosa Bush, see Section 5.3.1.

None of these species are Declared Plants according to the Agriculture and Related Resources Protection Act 1976, however *Acetosa vesicaria (Ruby Dock) and *Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel Grass) are considered to be serious environmental weeds.



6.0 Summary and Conclusions

6.1 Summary of Findings

6.1.1 Vegetation of Conservation Significance

The intact vegetation units of the Oxbow and JSW study areas were generally in Very Good to Excellent condition. There were several weed species present in both areas, however at the time of the surveys the densities were low. The JSW and Oxbow study areas also contained a moderate amount of disturbed areas, due to their close proximity to an active rail line, the drilling programme and mine. The areas of the creekline vegetation unit EcEvMaMg, and hillcrest unit ElChAbTw, supporting the DRF Lepidium catapycnon were identified as having High conservation significance (Table 6.1). Disturbance to these vegetation types should be minimised. There were three units supporting Priority flora at the time of the survey, these were identified as having Moderate conservation significance. Two of the vegetation units have been reduced to Low conservation significance, they contained populations of Tephrosia sp. Cathedral Gorge (F.H. Mollemans 2420) a former Priority 3 flora that has recently been taken off the priority listing. Vegetation unit ElAprAbERfTwTe supports the Priority 4 population of Goodenia nuda found during the JSW survey and is considered Moderate conservation significance. The remainder of the vegetation units were considered to be of Low conservation significance.

Table 6.1: Summary of vegetation units of High and Moderate conservation significance identified in the Oxbow(†) and JSW(‡) study areas.

Vegetation Code

Description Habitat Conservation Significance

EcEvMaMg (†)(‡)

Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. victrix woodland over Melaleuca argentea, M. glomerata low open woodland

Creekline High

ElChAbTw (†) Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia, Corymbia hamersleyana low open woodland over Acacia bivenosa scattered shrubs over Triodia wiseana hummock grassland

Rocky hillcrest

High

ElAprAbERfTwTe (†)(‡)

Eucalyptus leucophloia, Acacia pruinocarpa low woodland over Acacia bivenosa scattered shrubs over Eremophila fraseri scattered low shrubs over Triodia wiseana, T. epactia hummock grassland

Plains Moderate

6.1.2 Flora of Conservation Significance

The DRF species Lepidium catapycnon was recorded from the Oxbow survey area during the 2008 field survey. This species is listed as DRF under State legislation and as ‘Vulnerable’ under the EPBC Act 1999. One individual was recorded on a recently burnt hilltop. This location is summarised in Table 6.2 and mapped in Figure 4.1. While no DRF or species listed under the EPBC Act 1999 were recorded from the JSW study area, Lepidium catapycnon is considered as having the potential to occur under suitable conditions. One Priority 4 flora species, Goodenia nuda, was recorded from the JSW area during the 2008 field survey, as shown in Table 6.2 and mapped in Figure 4.2. Disturbance to the population of DRF should be strictly avoided. Disturbance to populations of Priority flora should be avoided where possible. This includes during the design and construction of the Oxbow and JSW deposits and associated infrastructure. Clearing of the vegetation types supporting these should also be minimised.



Table 6.2: Summary of DRF and Priority flora recorded from the Oxbow and JSW study areas.

Species Location Vegetation Types within which Priority Flora were Located Easting

(mE) Northing (mN)

Lepidium catapycnon (DRF) 720262 7477224 ElChAbTw

Goodenia nuda (Priority 4) 725104 7479655 ElAprAbERfTwTe

6.2 Potential Impacts

The principal impact arising from the proposed development of an open cut mine at Oxbow or JSW is clearing of vegetation. Ground disturbance associated with the construction and vehicle movement during operation of the Yandi Oxbow and JSW projects may also provide an opportunity for the introduction and spread of weeds. Strict management measures should be implemented as part of the project to address these issues. In addition, the Oxbow survey area is known habitat for the DRF species Lepidium catapycnon, which is restricted to low stony hills and plains of the Hamersley Range (based on current information). Species designated as DRF are considered to be of the highest conservation significance and therefore clearing of Lepidium catapycnon, and the vegetation units supporting it, must be avoided.

6.3 Management Recommendations

The following recommendations arise from the vegetation and flora surveys of the JSW and Oxbow deposits:

• Clearing of vegetation of High conservation significance (i.e. EcEvMaMg and ElChAbTw) should be avoided. Where there is no option but to locate the open cut pit or essential infrastructure within these vegetation types, the extent of clearing should be reduced to the smallest possible area required for safe construction and operation of the project.

• The hill in the southeast of the Oxbow study area, supporting the DRF Lepidium catapycnon, should not be cleared or disturbed.

• Clearing of vegetation of Moderate conservation significance should be avoided if possible, and otherwise minimised.

• While the clearing of vegetation of Low conservation significance is recommended in preference to clearing the units of High or Moderate conservation significance, clearing should still be minimised through all areas.

• Infrastructure should be preferentially located in existing disturbed areas.

• Locations of Priority flora should be taken into consideration during project planning and avoided where practicable.

• Strict weed hygiene measures should be implemented to minimise the introduction and/or spread of weed species, particularly given that the areas are disturbed and contain serious environmental weeds such as *Acetosa vesicaria (Ruby Dock) and *Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel Grass).

• Construction personnel should be educated as to areas of particular conservation value and species of significance.



7.0 Assessment Against the Ten Clearing

Principles

7.1 Overview

RTIO seeks to expand its operations at Yandi mine, and is considering mining the JSW and Oxbow Deposits which lie to the west of existing operations. It is considered that the proposed clearing is not at variance with the Ten Clearing Principles, each of which is addressed below:

7.2 Clearing Principles

7.2.1 Potential Impact on a High Level of Biological Diversity

Native vegetation should not be cleared if it comprises a high level of biological diversity. A total of 220 and 267 native species were recorded from the Oxbow and JSW study areas respectively, the majority of which are typical of such habitats in the locality. The total numbers of native species recorded from the study areas are within the expected range for areas of this size in this locality, and overall, are not considered to represent high species richness. The numbers of vegetation units recorded are similarly within the range expected taking into account the size of the study areas and the range of habitats present. The proposed clearing will therefore not impact any features of high diversity (Section 5.1.1).

7.2.2 Potential Impact to any Significant Habitat for Indigenous Fauna

Native vegetation should not be cleared if it comprises the whole or a part of, or is necessary for the maintenance of, a significant habitat for fauna indigenous to Western Australia. This clearing principle will be addressed in a separate fauna report for the deposits (Biota, in prep.).

7.2.3 Potential Impact to any Rare Flora

Native vegetation should not be cleared if it includes, or is necessary for the continued existence of, rare flora. The DRF Lepidium catapycnon was found in the southeast of the Oxbow study area on the crest of a hill. The habitat and vegetation unit (ElChAbTw) supporting this species should not be cleared or disturbed. Disturbance to the vegetation type supporting the Priority 4 Goodenia nuda (ElAprAbERfTwTe) should be avoided, and otherwise minimised.

7.2.4 Potential Impact on any Threatened Ecological Communities

Native vegetation should not be cleared if it comprises the whole or a part of, or is necessary for the maintenance of a threatened ecological community. The Oxbow and JSW study areas do not contain any TECs or PECs (Section 3.5).



7.2.5 Potential Impact on any Native Vegetation Remnant in an Area that has been Extensively Cleared

Native vegetation should not be cleared if it is significant as a remnant of native vegetation in an area that has been extensively cleared. Most of the Pilbara bioregion has never been cleared, however a combination of weed invasions, hot frequent bushfires, feral predators and grazing by exotic herbivores is causing a loss of soil fertility and vegetation cover through some pastoral areas. Erosion from increased runoff velocities is also occluding drainage lines in places (McKenzie et al. 2002). While some historic clearing has taken place in the vicinity of the existing operations, this is negligible in comparison to the broader representation of the vegetation units mapped for the study area (see Section 3.4). The vegetation types identified within the project area thus do not represent remnant stands of extensively cleared vegetation units.

7.2.6 Potential Impact on any Watercourse and/or Wetland

Native vegetation should not be cleared if it is growing in, or in association with, an environment associated with a watercourse or wetland. There are no permanent watercourses or wetlands in the project areas, however the Oxbow study area contains a small section of a seasonally-flowing large creekline (Marillana Creek) in the northeast, and the central section of the JSW area intersects the same creekline. These sections of creek have already been somewhat impacted through low level weed invasion and cattle disturbance. Provided that clearing of this vegetation unit (EcEvMaMg) is avoided, or minimised if unavoidable, there should be no substantial negative impact to this creekline habitat.

7.2.7 Potential to Cause Appreciable Land Degradation

Native vegetation should not be cleared if the clearing of the vegetation is likely to cause appreciable land degradation. There has been some historical clearing in the vicinity of the study areas, as well as within the study areas, and this has not caused appreciable land degradation. While clearing of some of the remaining intact native vegetation may exacerbate the spread of weeds, this is also unlikely to cause any appreciable degradation much beyond the immediate footprint of proposed clearing. Strict weed hygiene measures should be implemented to ensure that the weeds present within the study areas do not spread to surrounding intact areas.

7.2.8 Potential Impact on Adjacent or Nearby Conservation Areas

Native vegetation should not be cleared if the clearing of the vegetation is likely to have an impact on the environmental values of any adjacent or nearby conservation area. The nearest conservation reserve to the study area is the Karijini National Park, located approximately 55 km to the west of the study areas. The proposed clearing will therefore not impact on any conservation area.

7.2.9 Potential Deterioration in Water Quality

Native vegetation should not be cleared if the clearing of the vegetation is likely to cause deterioration in the quality of surface or underground water. The Oxbow and JSW project areas do not intersect significant areas of surface watercourses and given the relatively small scale of the proposed clearing, there is no reason to expect that



surface or groundwater quality in the area would become deteriorated. Where possible, however, clearing of the creekline vegetation should be avoided.

7.2.10 Potential to Cause or Exacerbate Flooding

Native vegetation should not be cleared if clearing of the vegetation is likely to cause, or exacerbate, the incidence or intensity of flooding. Flooding of the creeklines and low-lying habitats in the study areas may occur following heavy rainfall triggered by cyclonic activity and sporadic thunderstorms. The relatively small amount of vegetation clearing proposed for the study areas would not be expected to exacerbate either the frequency or the intensity of flooding through these areas.



8.0 References Aplin, T.E.H. (1979). The Flora. Chapter 3 In O'Brien, B.J. (ed.) (1979). Environment and Science.

University of Western Australia Press.

Atkins, K.J. (2008). Declared Rare and Priority Flora List for Western Australia. Department of Conservation and Land Management, 10 October 2008.

Beard, J.S. (1975). Vegetation Survey of Western Australia. 1:100,000 Vegetation Series Map sheet 5 - Pilbara.

Biota Environmental Sciences (2004). Yandi Expansion Vegetation and Flora Survey. Unpublished report for Hamersley Iron, December 2004.

Biota Environmental Sciences (2008). A Vegetation and Flora Survey of the Rio Tinto Rail Duplication – Bellbird Siding to Juna Downs. Unpublished report for Rio Tinto Iron Ore, August 2008.

Biota Environmental Sciences (2009). Yandicoogina Waste Dumps, Topsoil Stockpiles and Haul roads Native Vegetation Clearing Permit Report. Unpublished report for Rio Tinto Iron Ore, March 2009.

Biota Environmental Sciences (in prep.). Yandicoogina Junction South-west, Billiards & Oxbow Fauna Survey. Report in preparation for Rio Tinto Iron Ore.

Environment Australia (2000). Revision of the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) and Development of Version 5.1, Summary Report. Environment Australia, November 2000.

Environmental Protection Authority (2002). Position Statement No. 3: Terrestrial Biological Surveys as an Element of Biodiversity Protection. Environmental Protection Authority, March 2002.

Environmental Protection Authority (2004). Guidance Statement No. 51: Terrestrial Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia. Environmental Protection Authority, June 2004.

Kendrick, P. (2001). Pilbara 3 (PIL3 – Hamersley subregion). Pp 568-580. In May, J.E. and N.L. McKenzie (Eds.) (2003). A Biodiversity Audit of Western Australia’s Biogeographical Subregions in 2002. Department of Conservation and Land Management, Western Australia.

McKenzie, N.L., J.E. May and S. McKenna (2002). Bioregional Summary of the 2002 Biodiversity Audit for Western Australia. Department of Conservation and Land Management, Perth.

Payne, A.L., A.A. Mitchell and W.F. Holman (1988). An inventory and condition survey of rangelands in the Ashburton River catchment, Western Australia. Western Australian Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin No. 62.

Randell, B.R. (1989). Revision of the Cassiinae in Australia. 2. Senna Miller Sect. Psilorhegma (J. Vogel) Irwin and Barneby. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 12(2): 165-272.

Specht, R.L. (1970). Vegetation. In G.W. Leeper (ed). The Australian Environment. 4th edn. Melbourne.

Symon, D.E. (1966). A revision of the genus Cassia L. Caesalpiniaceae in Australia. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Australia 90: 73-146.

Trudgen, M.E. (1988). A Report on the Flora and Vegetation of the Port Kennedy Area. Unpublished report prepared for Bowman Bishaw and Associates, West Perth.



Trudgen, M.E. and N. Casson (1998). Flora and vegetation surveys of Orebody A and Orebody B in the West Angela Hill area, an area surrounding them, and of rail route options considered to link them to the existing Robe River Iron Associates rail line. Unpublished report for Robe River Iron Associates.

Van Leeuwen S. and B. Bromilow (2002). Botanical Survey of Hamersley Range Uplands. National Reserve System Project N709 Final Report. Unpublished report prepared by the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Science division, May 2002.

van Vreeswyk, A.M.E., A.L. Payne, K.A. Leighton and P. Hennig (2004). An inventory and condition survey of the Pilbara region, Western Australia. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin No. 92, December 2004.


Cube:Current:541 (Yandi Biological 2009):Documents:Flora:YSW_Oxbow_final_v2.docx

Appendix 1

Framework for Conservation Significance Ranking of

Communities and Species



A. Definitions, Categories and Criteria for Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities 1. General Definitions Ecological Community A naturally occurring biological assemblage that occurs in a particular type of habitat. Note: The scale at which ecological communities are defined will often depend on the level of detail in the information source, therefore no particular scale is specified. A threatened ecological community (TEC) is one which is found to fit into one of the following categories; “presumed totally destroyed”, “critically endangered”, “endangered” or “vulnerable”. Possible threatened ecological communities that do not meet survey criteria are added to DEC’s Priority Ecological Community Lists under Priorities 1, 2 and 3. Ecological Communities that are adequately known, are rare but not threatened, or meet criteria for Near Threatened, or that have been recently removed from the threatened list, are placed in Priority 4. These ecological communities require regular monitoring. Conservation Dependent ecological communities are placed in Priority 5. An assemblage is a defined group of biological entities. Habitat is defined as the areas in which an organism and/or assemblage of organisms lives. It includes the abiotic factors (eg. substrate and topography), and the biotic factors. Occurrence: a discrete example of an ecological community, separated from other examples of the same community by more than 20 metres of a different ecological community, an artificial surface or a totally destroyed community. By ensuring that every discrete occurrence is recognised and recorded future changes in status can be readily monitored. Adequately Surveyed is defined as follows: “An ecological community that has been searched for thoroughly in most likely habitats, by relevant experts.” Community structure is defined as follows: “The spatial organisation, construction and arrangement of the biological elements comprising a biological assemblage” (eg. Eucalyptus salmonophloia woodland over scattered small shrubs over dense herbs; structure in a faunal assemblage could refer to trophic structure, eg. dominance by feeders on detritus as distinct from feeders on live plants). Definitions of Modification and Destruction of an ecological community: Modification: “changes to some or all of ecological processes (including abiotic processes such as hydrology), species composition and community structure as a direct or indirect result of human activities. The level of damage involved could be ameliorated naturally or by human intervention.” Destruction: “modification such that reestablishment of ecological processes, species composition and community structure within the range of variability exhibited by the original community is unlikely within the foreseeable future even with positive human intervention.” Note: Modification and destruction are difficult concepts to quantify, and their application will be determined by scientific judgement. Examples of modification and total destruction are cited below: Modification of ecological processes: The hydrology of Toolibin Lake has been altered by clearing of the catchment such that death of some of the original flora has occurred due to dependence on fresh water. The system may be bought back to a semblance of the original state by redirecting saline runoff and pumping waters of the rising underground watertable away to restore the hydrological balance. Total destruction of downstream lakes has occurred due to hydrology being altered to the point that few of the original flora or fauna species are able to tolerate the level of salinity and/or water logging. Modification of structure: The understorey of a plant community may be altered by weed invasion due to nutrient enrichment by addition of fertiliser. Should the additional nutrients be removed from the system the balance may be restored, and the original plant species better able to compete. Total destruction may occur if additional nutrients continue to be added to the system causing the understorey to be completely replaced by weed species, and death of overstorey species due to inability to tolerate high nutrient levels.



Modification of species composition: Pollution may cause alteration of the invertebrate species present in a freshwater lake. Removal of pollutants may allow the return of the original inhabitant species. Addition of residual highly toxic substances may cause permanent changes to water quality, and total destruction of the community. Threatening processes are defined as follows: “Any process or activity that threatens to destroy or significantly modify the ecological community and/or affect the continuing evolutionary processes within any ecological community.” Examples of some of the continuing threatening processes in Western Australia include: general pollution; competition, predation and change induced in ecological communities as a result of introduced animals; competition and displacement of native plants by introduced species; hydrological changes; inappropriate fire regimes; diseases resulting from introduced micro-organisms; direct human exploitation and disturbance of ecological communities. Restoration is defined as returning an ecological community to its pre-disturbance or natural state in terms of abiotic conditions, community structure and species composition. Rehabilitation is defined as the re-establishment of ecological attributes in a damaged ecological community although the community will remain modified. 2. Definitions and Criteria for Presumed Totally Destroyed, Critically Endangered, Endangered and

Vulnerable Ecological Communities ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES Presumed Totally Destroyed (PD) An ecological community that has been adequately searched for but for which no representative occurrences have been located. The community has been found to be totally destroyed or so extensively modified throughout its range that no occurrence of it is likely to recover its species composition and/or structure in the foreseeable future. An ecological community will be listed as presumed totally destroyed if there are no recent records of the community being extant and either of the following applies ( A or B):

A) Records within the last 50 years have not been confirmed despite thorough searches of known or likely habitats or

B) All occurrences recorded within the last 50 years have since been destroyed Critically Endangered (CR) An ecological community that has been adequately surveyed and found to have been subject to a major contraction in area and/or that was originally of limited distribution and is facing severe modification or destruction throughout its range in the immediate future, or is already severely degraded throughout its range but capable of being substantially restored or rehabilitated. An ecological community will be listed as Critically Endangered when it has been adequately surveyed and is found to be facing an extremely high risk of total destruction in the immediate future. This will be determined on the basis of the best available information, by it meeting any one or more of the following criteria (A, B or C):

A) The estimated geographic range, and/or total area occupied, and/or number of discrete occurrences since European settlement have been reduced by at least 90% and either or both of the following apply (I or ii):

i) geographic range, and/or total area occupied and/or number of discrete occurrences are continuing to decline such that total destruction of the community is imminent (within approximately 10 years);

ii) modification throughout its range is continuing such that in the immediate future (within approximately 10 years) the community is unlikely to be capable of being substantially rehabilitated.

B) Current distribution is limited, and one or more of the following apply (i, ii or iii):

i) geographic range and/or number of discrete occurrences, and/or area occupied is highly restricted and the community is currently subject to known threatening processes which are likely to result in total destruction throughout its range in the immediate future (within approximately 10 years);

ii) there are very few occurrences, each of which is small and/or isolated and extremely vulnerable to known threatening processes;



iii) there may be many occurrences but total area is very small and each occurrence is small and/or isolated and extremely vulnerable to known threatening processes.

C) The ecological community exists only as highly modified occurrences that may be capable of being rehabilitated if such work begins in the immediate future (within approximately 10 years).

Endangered (EN) An ecological community that has been adequately surveyed and found to have been subject to a major contraction in area and/or was originally of limited distribution and is in danger of significant modification throughout its range or severe modification or destruction over most of its range in the near future. An ecological community will be listed as Endangered when it has been adequately surveyed and is not Critically Endangered but is facing a very high risk of total destruction in the near future. This will be determined on the basis of the best available information by it meeting any one or more of the following criteria (A, B, or C):

A) The geographic range, and/or total area occupied, and/or number of discrete occurrences have been reduced by at least 70% since European settlement and either or both of the following apply (i or ii):

i) the estimated geographic range, and/or total area occupied and/or number of discrete occurrences are continuing to decline such that total destruction of the community is likely in the short term future (within approximately 20 years);

ii) modification throughout its range is continuing such that in the short term future (within approximately 20 years) the community is unlikely to be capable of being substantially restored or rehabilitated.

B) Current distribution is limited, and one or more of the following apply (i, ii or iii):

i) geographic range and/or number of discrete occurrences, and/or area occupied is highly restricted and the community is currently subject to known threatening processes which are likely to result in total destruction throughout its range in the short term future (within approximately 20 years);

ii) there are few occurrences, each of which is small and/or isolated and all or most occurrences are very vulnerable to known threatening processes;

iii) there may be many occurrences but total area is small and all or most occurrences are small and/or isolated and very vulnerable to known threatening processes.

C) The ecological community exists only as very modified occurrences that may be capable of being substantially restored or rehabilitated if such work begins in the short-term future (within approximately 20 years).

Vulnerable (VU) An ecological community that has been adequately surveyed and is found to be declining and/or has declined in distribution and/or condition and whose ultimate security has not yet been assured and/or a community that is still widespread but is believed likely to move into a category of higher threat in the near future if threatening processes continue or begin operating throughout its range. An ecological community will be listed as Vulnerable when it has been adequately surveyed and is not Critically Endangered or Endangered but is facing a high risk of total destruction or significant modification in the medium to long-term future. This will be determined on the basis of the best available information by it meeting any one or more of the following criteria (A, B or C):

A) The ecological community exists largely as modified occurrences that are likely to be capable of being substantially restored or rehabilitated.

B) The ecological community may already be modified and would be vulnerable to threatening processes, is restricted in area and/or range and/or is only found at a few locations.

C) The ecological community may be still widespread but is believed likely to move into a category of higher threat in the medium to long term future because of existing or impending threatening processes.



3. Definitions and Criteria for Priority Ecological Communities PRIORITY ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITY LIST Possible threatened ecological communities that do not meet survey criteria or that are not adequately defined are added to the Priority Ecological Community Lists under Priorities 1, 2 and 3. These three categories are ranked in order of priority for survey and/or definition of the community, and evaluation of conservation status, so that consideration can be given to their declaration as threatened ecological communities. Ecological Communities that are adequately known, and are rare but not threatened or meet criteria for Near Threatened, or that have been recently removed from the threatened list, are placed in Priority 4. These ecological communities require regular monitoring. Conservation Dependent ecological communities are placed in Priority 5. Priority One: Poorly-known ecological communities Ecological communities with apparently few, small occurrences, all or most not actively managed for conservation (e.g. within agricultural or pastoral lands, urban areas, active mineral leases) and for which current threats exist. Communities may be included if they are comparatively well-known from one or more localities but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements, and/or are not well defined, and appear to be under immediate threat from known threatening processes across their range. Priority Two: Poorly-known ecological communities Communities that are known from few small occurrences, all or most of which are actively managed for conservation (e.g. within national parks, conservation parks, nature reserves, State forest, unallocated Crown land, water reserves, etc.) and not under imminent threat of destruction or degradation. Communities may be included if they are comparatively well known from one or more localities but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements, and/or are not well defined, and appear to be under threat from known threatening processes. Priority Three: Poorly known ecological communities

(i) Communities that are known from several to many occurrences, a significant number or area of which are not under threat of habitat destruction or degradation or:

(ii) communities known from a few widespread occurrences, which are either large or within significant remaining areas of habitat in which other occurrences may occur, much of it not under imminent threat, or;

(iii) communities made up of large, and/or widespread occurrences, that may or not be represented in the reserve system, but are under threat of modification across much of their range from processes such as grazing by domestic and/or feral stock, and inappropriate fire regimes.

Communities may be included if they are comparatively well known from several localities but do not meet adequacy of survey requirements and/or are not well defined, and known threatening processes exist that could affect them. Priority Four: Ecological communities that are adequately known, rare but not threatened or meet criteria for Near Threatened, or that have been recently removed from the threatened list. These communities require regular monitoring.

(a) Rare. Ecological communities known from few occurrences that are considered to have been adequately surveyed, or for which sufficient knowledge is available, and that are considered not currently threatened or in need of special protection, but could be if present circumstances change. These communities are usually represented on conservation lands.

(b) Near Threatened. Ecological communities that are considered to have been adequately surveyed and that do not qualify for Conservation Dependent, but that are close to qualifying for Vulnerable.

(c) Ecological communities that have been removed from the list of threatened communities during the past five years.

Priority Five: Conservation Dependent ecological communities Ecological communities that are not threatened but are subject to a specific conservation program, the cessation of which would result in the community becoming threatened within five years. Reference: Department of Environment and Conservation 2007.



B. Threatened Flora Statutory Framework In Western Australia, all native flora species are protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950-1979, making it an offence to remove or harm native flora species without approval. In addition to this basic level of statutory protection, a number of plant species are assigned an additional level of conservation significance based on the fact that there are a limited number of known populations, some of which may be under threat. Species of the highest conservation significance are designated Declared Rare Flora (DRF), either extant or presumed extinct:

• X: Declared Rare Flora - Presumed Extinct: taxa which have not been collected, or otherwise verified, over the past 50 years despite thorough searching, or of which all known wild populations have been destroyed more recently, and have been gazetted as such, following approval by the Minister for the Environment, after recommendation by the State’s Endangered Flora Consultative Committee;

• R: Declared Rare Flora - Extant: taxa which have been adequately searched for, and are deemed to be in the wild either rare, in danger of extinction, or otherwise in need of special protection, and have been gazetted as such, following approval by the Minister for the Environment, after recommendation by the State’s Endangered Flora Consultative Committee (Atkins 2008). ( = Threatened Flora = Endangered + Vulnerable)

Species that appear to be rare or threatened, but for which there is insufficient information to properly evaluate their conservation significance, are assigned to one of four Priority flora categories:

• P1: Priority One - Poorly Known: taxa which are known from one or a few (generally <5) populations which are under threat, either due to small population size, or being on lands under immediate threat, e.g. road verges, urban areas, farmland, active mineral leases, etc., or the plants are under threat, e.g. from disease, grazing by feral animals, etc. May include taxa with threatened populations on protected lands. Such taxa are under consideration for declaration as ‘rare flora’, but are in urgent need of further survey.

• P2: Priority Two - Poorly Known: taxa which are known from one or a few (generally <5) populations, at least some of which are not believed to be under immediate threat (i.e. not currently endangered). Such taxa are under consideration for declaration as ‘rare flora’, but are in urgent need of further survey.

• P3: Priority Three - Poorly Known: taxa which are known from several populations, at least some of which are not believed to be under immediate threat (i.e. not currently endangered). Such taxa are under consideration for declaration as ‘rare flora’, but are in need of further survey.

• P4: Priority Four - Rare: taxa which are considered to have been adequately surveyed and which, whilst being rare (in Australia), are not currently threatened by any identifiable factors. These taxa require monitoring every 5–10 years.

Note that of the above classifications, only ‘Declared Rare Flora’ has statutory standing. The Priority Flora classifications are employed by the Department of Environment and Conservation to manage and classify their database of species considered potentially rare or at risk, but these categories have no legislative status. Note also that proposals that appear likely to affect DRF require formal written approval from the Minister for the Environment under Section 23(f) of the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950-1979 in addition to the requirements of the Environmental Protection (Native Vegetation Clearing) Regulations 2004. References: Atkins, K.J. (2008). Declared Rare and Priority Flora List for Western Australia. Prepared by the Department of Environment and Conservation, 6 October 2008.



Appendix 2

Vegetation Structural Classification and Condition Ranking Scale



Vegetation Structural Classes*

Stratum

Canopy Cover (%)

70-100% 30-70% 10-30% 2-10% <2%

Trees over 30 m Tall closed forest Tall open forest Tall woodland Tall open woodland Scattered tall trees

Trees 10-30 m Closed forest Open forest Woodland Open woodland Scattered trees

Trees under 10 m Low closed forest Low open forest Low woodland Low open woodland

Scattered low trees

Shrubs over 2 m Tall closed scrub Tall open scrub Tall shrubland Tall open shrubland Scattered tall shrubs

Shrubs 1-2 m Closed heath Open heath Shrubland Open shrubland Scattered shrubs

Shrubs under 1 m Low closed heath Low open heath Low shrubland Low open shrubland Scattered low shrubs

Hummock grasses Closed hummock grassland

Hummock grassland

Open hummock grassland

Very open hummock grassland

Scattered hummock

grasses Grasses, Sedges, Herbs

Closed tussock grassland / bunch

grassland / sedgeland /

herbland

Tussock grassland / bunch grassland /

sedgeland / herbland

Open tussock grassland /

bunch grassland / sedgeland /

herbland

Very open tussock grassland / bunch

grassland / sedgeland /

herbland

Scattered tussock grasses / bunch grasses / sedges / herbs

* Based on Muir (1977), and Aplin's (1979) modification of the vegetation classification system of Specht (1970): Aplin T.E.H. (1979). The Flora. Chapter 3 In O'Brien, B.J. (ed.) (1979). Environment and Science. University of Western Australia Press; Muir B.G. (1977). Biological Survey of the Western Australian Wheatbelt. Part II: Vegetation and habitat of Bendering Reserve. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Suppl. No. 3; Specht R.L. (1970). Vegetation. In The Australian Environment. 4th edn (Ed. G.W. Leeper). Melbourne.

Vegetation Condition Scale*

E = Excellent (=Pristine of BushForever) Pristine or nearly so; no obvious signs of damage caused by the activities of European man.

VG = Very Good (= Excellent of BushForever) Some relatively slight signs of damage caused by the activities of European man. For example, some signs of damage to tree trunks caused by repeated fire, the presence of some relatively non-aggressive weeds such as *Ursinia anthemoides or *Briza spp., or occasional vehicle tracks.

G = Good (= Very Good of BushForever) More obvious signs of damage caused by the activities of European man, including some obvious impact on the vegetation structure such as that caused by low levels of grazing or by selective logging. Weeds as above, possibly plus some more aggressive ones such as *Ehrharta spp.

P = Poor (= Good of BushForever) Still retains basic vegetation structure or ability to regenerate to it after very obvious impacts of activities of European man, such as grazing, partial clearing (chaining) or frequent fires. Weeds as above, probably plus some more aggressive ones such as *Ehrharta spp.

VP = Very Poor (= Degraded of BushForever) Severely impacted by grazing, very frequent fires, clearing or a combination of these activities. Scope for some regeneration but not to a state approaching Good condition without intensive management. Usually with a number of weed species including very aggressive species.

D = Completely Degraded (= Completely Degraded of BushForever) Areas that are completely or almost completely without native species in the structure of their vegetation; ie. areas that are cleared or ‘parkland cleared’ with their flora comprising weed or crop species with isolated native trees or shrubs.

* Based on Trudgen M.E. (1988). A Report on the Flora and Vegetation of the Port Kennedy Area. Unpublished report prepared for Bowman Bishaw and Associates, West Perth.



Appendix 3

Raw Data from Quadrats and Relevés



Yandi Junction South West Site YSW01 (outside 2009 study area) Described by B/RO Date 6/12/2007 Type Q 50m*50m MGA Zone 50 726556 mE 7481127 mN Habitat Broad drainage colluvial creek bed. Rock Type ironstone Vegetation Eucalyptus victrix open woodland/Melaleuca glomerata low open woodland/ Grevillea

wickhamii subsp. hispidula scattered tall shrubs/ Cymbopogon ambiguus, Themeda triandra very open tussock grassland/ Cyperus vaginatus scattered sedges/ Corchorus crozophorifolius scattered shrubs/ Stemodia grossa, Pluchea rubelliflora very open herbland

Veg Condition very good. A few weed species but not widespread. Fire Age Burnt 7-10 years ago Name Cover Height Abutilon dioicum + 20 cm Acacia coriacea subsp. pendens + 1 m Acacia dictyophleba + 20 cm Acacia maitlandii + 30 cm Acacia pruinocarpa + 1.5 m Acacia pyrifolia + 50 cm Acacia tumida var. pilbarensis + 2.5 m Achyranthes aspera + 30 cm Amaranthus undulatus + 30 cm Atalaya hemiglauca + 5 m Bergia trimera + 30 cm Bidens bipinnata + 10 cm Cassia glutinosa + 1 m Cassia notabilis + 50 cm Cassia oligophylla x helmsii + 70 cm Cenchrus ciliaris + 15 cm Cleome viscosa + 20 cm Conyza bonariensis + 80 cm Corchorus crozophorifolius 1.5 40 cm Crotalaria medicaginea var. neglecta + 50 cm Cucumis maderaspatanus + 60 cm Cullen leucanthum + 30 cm Cymbopogon ambiguus 2.5 1.2 m Cyperus vaginatus 1 1 m Duperreya commixta + Enneapogon lindleyanus + 35 cm Eriachne tenuiculmis + 20 cm Eucalyptus victrix 4 13 m Eulalia aurea 1 80 cm Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx + 20 cm Gomphrena cunninghamii + 10 cm Goodenia lamprosperma + 40 cm Gossypium robinsonii + 30 cm Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula 1 2.5 m Indigofera colutea + 25 cm Indigofera monophylla (brown calyx form) + 35 cm Ipomoea muelleri + 20 cm Marsilea ? drummondii + 10 cm Melaleuca glomerata 4 4 m Melhania oblongifolia + 10 cm Paraneurachne muelleri + 50 cm Phyllanthus maderaspatensis + 50 cm Pluchea dentex + 30 cm Pluchea rubelliflora 5 40 cm Polycarpaea longiflora + 20 cm Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides + 50 cm Rhodanthe citrina + 20 cm Rhynchosia minima + 30 cm Rulingia luteiflora + 2 m Setaria verticillata + 10 cm Sida sp. spiciform panicles (E. Leyland s.n. + 25 cm Stemodia grossa 2 50 cm Tephrosia rosea var. glabrior + 50 cm Themeda triandra 1 1 m Triodia pungens 1 25 cm



Name Cover Height Triodia wiseana + 20 cm Wahlenbergia tumidifructa + 20-30 cm Waltheria indica + 1 m Yandi Junction South West Site YSW02 Described by RB/B Date 12/06/2007 Type Q 65m x 35m MGA Zone 50 725737 mE 7480634 mN Habitat Very gentle north facing lower slope of low ridge Soil gravelly, pebble, cobbly red brown sandy loam Rock Type ironstone Vegetation Grevillea pyramidalis, Eremophila fraseri tall open shrubland/ Triodia pungens, T. wiseana, T.

sp. Shovelanna Hill hummock grassland/ Tripogon loliiformis scattered tussock grasses Veg Condition Very Good (disturbance nearby) Fire Age Burnt greater than 5-7 years ago Notes west side of Marillana creek Species Cover (%) Height Acacia pyrifolia + 30cm Acacia tetragonophylla + 2.2 m Anthobolus leptomerioides + 15 cm Aristida contorta + 20 cm Aristida holathera var. holathera + 30 cm Bulbostylis barbata + 4 cm Cassia helmsii + 100cm Cassia luerssenii + 2.1 m Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi + 30 cm Cleome viscosa + 40 cm Cucumis maderaspatanus + 2.3 m Enneapogon polyphyllus + 25 cm Eremophila fraseri subsp. fraseri 2m Eremophila latrobei subsp. filiformis + 1.6 m Eriachne aristidea + 20 cm Eriachne mucronata + 35 cm Eriachne pulchella subsp. dominii + 10 cm Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx + 25 cm Goodenia microptera + 35 cm Grevillea pyramidalis 2.5-4 m Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula + 5 cm Mirbelia viminalis 120cm Polycarpaea corymbosa var. corymbosa + 20 cm Polycarpaea longiflora + 20 cm Pterocaulon sphacelatum + 5 cm Ptilotus astrolasius var. astrolasius + 30 cm Ptilotus rotundifolius + 50 cm Schizachyrium fragile + 3 cm Solanum lasiophyllum + 45 cm Solanum phlomoides + 40 cm Triodia pungens 35-40 30-45 cm Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835) + 25-30 cm Triodia wiseana 55cm Tripogon loliiformis 15 cm Yandi Junction South West Site YSW03 Described by RW/PH Date 12/06/2007 Type Q 50m x 50m MGA Zone 50 725954 mE 7481074 mN Habitat colluvial spur facing south Soil Red-brown clay loam Rock Type ironstone Vegetation Eucalyptus leucophloia scattered low trees/ Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula

shrubland/ Acacia hilliana (A. adoxa) open shrubland/ Goodenia stobbsiana very open herbland/ Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill, T. wiseana hummock grassland

Veg Condition Very Good - Excellent Fire Age Burnt 3-5 years ago Notes 2008: Dry, all annuals dead



Species Cover (%) Height Acacia adoxa var. adoxa 1 40 cm Acacia dictyophleba + 30 cm Acacia hilliana 3 1 m Acacia tumida var. pilbarensis + 200cm Aristida holathera var. holathera + 35 cm Aristida inaequiglumis + 35cm Bonamia media var. villosa + 10 cm Cassia glutinosa + 60 cm Cassia luerssenii + 1.5 m Cassia pruinosa + 1 m Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. lasiocarpus + 40 cm Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. parvus + 20 cm Dodonaea coriacea + 70 cm Eremophila longifolia + 1.1 m Eriachne aristidea + 25 cm Eriachne mucronata + 40 cm Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia 1 3.5 m Euphorbia boophthona + 15cm Goodenia stobbsiana 3 35 cm Goodenia triodiophila + 40cm Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula 31 1-2 m Hakea chordophylla + 1.5 m Polycarpaea longiflora + 30 cm Ptilotus astrolasius var. astrolasius + 1 m Ptilotus calostachyus + 80 cm Ptilotus rotundifolius + 50-70 cm Schizachyrium fragile + Sida sp. + 70 cm Solanum phlomoides + 60 cm Triodia epactia + 30 cm Triodia pungens + 30-90cm Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835) 70 Triodia wiseana 10 25 cm Yandi Junction South West Site YSW04 (outside 2009 study area) Described by RW/PH Date 13/06/2007 Type Q 50m*50m MGA Zone 50 726742 mE 7482025 mN Habitat floodplain of Marillana Creek Soil cobbly, pebbly alluvial sandy loam Rock Type alluvial material, ironstone and ? Basalt Vegetation Eucalyptus victrix woodland over Melaleuca glomerata, Atalaya hemiglauca scattered

low trees over Corchorus crozophorifolius scattered low shrubs over Cymbopogon ambiguus, Themeda triandra very open tussock grassland over Triodia wiseana, T. pungens very open hummock grassland

Veg Condition Very good. Weeds present and evidence of cattle Fire Age burnt greater than 5 years ago Name Cover Height Abutilon lepidum + 50 cm Acacia coriacea subsp. pendens + 1.6 m Acacia maitlandii + 1 m Acacia pyrifolia + 65 cm Acacia tumida var. pilbarensis + 1.5 m Achyranthes aspera + 30 cm Atalaya hemiglauca 1 2.1 m Boerhavia coccinea + 8 cm Bulbostylis barbata + 15 cm Cassia oligophylla x helmsii + 1.1 m Cleome viscosa + 30-70 cm Corchorus crozophorifolius 1 80 cm Crotalaria medicaginea var. neglecta + 25 cm Cucumis maderaspatanus + 20 cm Cymbopogon ambiguus 10 1.7 m Duperreya commixta + 1.6 m Enneapogon lindleyanus + 40 cm Eriachne pulchella subsp. dominii + 8 cm Eriachne tenuiculmis + 35 cm Eucalyptus victrix 20 10-15 m



Name Cover Height Eulalia aurea + 40 cm Euphorbia biconvexa + 10 cm Gomphrena cunninghamii + 8 cm Goodenia triodiophila + 30 cm Gossypium robinsonii + 2 m Grevillea wickhamii + 4 m Hybanthus aurantiacus + 20 cm Indigofera monophylla (brown calyx form) + 35 cm Malvastrum americanum + 40 cm Melaleuca glomerata 1 3.5 m Olearia fluvialis + 40 cm Phyllanthus maderaspatensis + 25 cm Pluchea dentex + 15 cm Polycarpaea longiflora + 10 cm Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides + 40 cm Rhynchosia minima + 30 cm Rulingia luteiflora + 1.1 m Setaria verticillata + 10 cm Sida sp. spiciform panicles (E. Leyland s.n. + 1.6 m Solanum lasiophyllum + 50 cm Stemodia grossa + 40 cm Tephrosia rosea var. glabrior + 35 cm Themeda triandra 4 90 cm Triodia pungens 3 30 cm Triodia wiseana 5 30 cm Waltheria indica + 45 cm Yandi Junction South West Site YSW05 Described by B/RO Date 7/06/2007 Type Q 50m x50m MGA Zone 50 725101 mE 7479690 mN Habitat Broad shallow floodplain/drainage area Soil Red-brown clay Vegetation Corymbia hamersleyana low open woodland/ Acacia pruinocarpa and Eremophila

longifolia tall open shrubland/ Triodia wiseana, Eriachne mucronata very open hummock/tussock grassland

Veg Condition Good. Some weeds and evidence of cattle. Fire Age > 7 years ago Species Cover (%) Height Abutilon fraseri + 20 cm Abutilon macrum Acacia adoxa var. adoxa + 80 cm Acacia bivenosa + 1.2 m Acacia citrinoviridis + 2.5 m Acacia coriacea subsp. pendens + 2 m Acacia pachyacra + 80 cm Acacia pruinocarpa 2 m Acacia pyrifolia + 1.2 m Acacia tetragonophylla + 1 m Acetosa vesicaria + 10cm Amaranthus cuspidifolius + 12cm Aristida holathera var. holathera + 40cm Atalaya hemiglauca + 1.2 m Bidens bipinnata + 10 cm Boerhavia coccinea + 10cm Bonamia media var. villosa + 5cm Bonamia rosea <1 25cm Cassia artemisioides + 50cm Cassia glutinosa + 2 m Cassia luerssenii + 1.1 m Cenchrus ciliaris + 25 cm Chrysocephalum apiculatum + 20 cm Cleome viscosa + 50cm Corchorus crozophorifolius + 50 cm Corymbia candida + 300cm Corymbia hamersleyana + 10 m Crotalaria medicaginea var. neglecta + 10cm Cymbopogon ambiguus + 1 m



Species Cover (%) Height Digitaria brownii + 40cm Digitaria ctenantha + 40cm Dipteracanthus australasicus subsp. australasicus + 25 cm Duperreya commixta + 1 m Enneapogon caerulescens + 8cm Enneapogon lindleyanus <1 35-40cm Enteropogon ramosus + 40 cm Eragrostis cumingii + 5 cm Eremophila fraseri subsp. fraseri + 1 m Eremophila longifolia 2 m Eriachne mucronata 1 30 cm Eriachne pulchella subsp. dominii + 10cm Eriachne tenuiculmis + 30 cm Eulalia aurea + 65cm Euphorbia aff. australis + 15 cm Euphorbia biconvexa + 10cm Euphorbia tannensis subsp. eremophila + 25cm Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx + 10 cm Flaveria australasica subsp. australasica + 10cm Glycine canescens + climber Gomphrena cunninghamii + 8cm Goodenia nuda + 20cm Gossypium australe (Burrup Peninsula form) + Gossypium robinsonii + 1 m Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula + 2.2 m Hakea lorea subsp. lorea + 3 m Heliotropium cunninghamii + 10 cm Heliotropium tenuifolium Hibiscus sturtii var. platychlamys + 25cm Hybanthus aurantiacus + 65cm Indigofera monophylla (brown calyx form) 1 70cm Ipomoea muelleri + 6cm Lepidium phlebopetalum + 20cm Maireana planifolia + 100cm Malvastrum americanum Paraneurachne muelleri + 30 cm Paspalidium clementii + 15cm Phyllanthus erwinii + 10cm Phyllanthus maderaspatensis + 15cm Polycarpaea corymbosa var. corymbosa + 15cm Polycarpaea longiflora + 20 cm Polymeria ambigua + 75cm Portulaca oleracea + 5cm Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides + 35 cm Ptilotus astrolasius var. astrolasius + 25cm Rhynchosia minima + 50 cm Rostellularia adscendens var. clementii + 10 cm Rulingia luteiflora 1 250cm Sclerolaena costata + 40cm Setaria verticillata + 10-15cm Sida aff. fibulifera (oblong; MET 15 220) + 10 cm Sida sp. spiciform panicles (E. Leyland s.n. 14/8/90) + 2 m Solanum lasiophyllum + 65cm Sporobolus australasicus + 8cm Streptoglossa decurrens 1 30 cm Stylobasium spathulatum + 50 cm Tephrosia rosea var. glabrior + 40 cm Themeda triandra + 50 cm Tragus australianus + 5cm Triodia longiceps <1 85cm Triodia pungens 55cm Triodia wiseana 25 cm Triumfetta clementii + 50cm Vachellia farnesiana + 175cm Waltheria indica + 15 cm Zygophyllum eichleri + 5cm



Yandi Junction South West Site YSW06 (outside 2009 study area) Described by RB/B Date 13/06/2007 Type Q 50 x 50 m Location East end of survey area MGA Zone 50 725702 mE 7480051 mN Habitat Gentle, north facing upper slope of ridge (just below crest). Soil Gravelly, pebbly, cobbly red-brown loamy sand. Rock Type Ironstone Vegetation Eucalyptus leucophloia (Corymbia deserticola) scattered low trees over Triodia sp.

Shovelanna Hill hummock grassland Veg Condition Excellent Fire Age > 5-7 years Notes Poor seasonal condition (dry): annuals dead and degraded. Species Cover (%) Height Acacia adoxa var. adoxa + 50cm Acacia ancistrocarpa + (80 cm) 1.9 m Acacia dictyophleba + 3.5 m Acacia hilliana + 50 cm Acacia inaequilatera + 4 m Acacia pruinocarpa + 1.8-3 m Amyema sanguinea + aerial parasite Cassia glutinosa + 1.5 m Cassia luerssenii + 220cm Cassia oligophylla + 1.1 m Cassia pruinosa + 1.4 m Corymbia deserticola subsp. deserticola < 1 5 m Dodonaea coriacea + 70 cm Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia 1 6 m Fimbristylis simulans + 20cm Goodenia stobbsiana + 20 cm Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula + 6 m Hakea lorea subsp. lorea + 1 m Ipomoea muelleri + 7cm Pluchea dunlopii + 45 cm Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides + 30 cm Ptilotus calostachyus + 80 cm Ptilotus rotundifolius Schizachyrium fragile + 4 cm Sida arenicola 100cm Trachymene oleracea subsp. oleracea + 60 cm Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835) 50-60 20-40 cm Triodia wiseana + 30 cm Yandi Junction South West Site YSW07 Described by RW/PH Date 13/06/2007 Type Q 50m x50 m MGA Zone 50 723696 mE 7478511 mN Habitat Flood plain of undulating valley floor. Soil Red-brown clay loam. Rock Type Colluvial ironstone and alluvial Vegetation Corymbia candida, C. hamersleyana open woodland to scattered low trees/ Hakea lorea

subsp. lorea, Acacia dictyophleba, A. bivenosa, A. pruinocarpa tall open shrubland/ A. pachyacra, Cassia helmsii scattered shrubs/ Eulalia aurea, Themeda triandra very open tussock grassland/ Triodia epactia, T. wiseana hummock grassland

Veg Condition Good to very good due to cattle grazing and presence of Buffel Grass Fire Age unburnt 5-7 years Species Cover (%) Height Abutilon fraseri + 35cm Abutilon otocarpum + 20cm Acacia ancistrocarpa + 1.4m Acacia bivenosa 9 3.6m Acacia citrinoviridis + 180cm Acacia coriacea subsp. pendens + 2.5m Acacia dictyophleba 4 3.5m Acacia inaequilatera + 300cm Acacia maitlandii + 30cm Acacia pachyacra 1 150cm Acacia pruinocarpa 1 3m Acacia pyrifolia + 40cm



Species Cover (%) Height Acacia sp. + 1.6m Alternanthera nana + 10cm Alysicarpus muelleri + 20cm Anthobolus leptomerioides + 40cm Aristida contorta + 20cm Aristida holathera var. holathera + 30cm Aristida inaequiglumis + 40cm *Bidens bipinnata + 10cm Bonamia rosea + 25cm Cassia artemisioides + 45cm Cassia glutinosa + 110cm Cassia helmsii 1 1.2m Cassia oligophylla + 1m Cassia pruinosa + 40cm *Cenchrus ciliaris <1 10cm Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi + 30cm Chrysopogon fallax + 110cm Cleome viscosa + 30cm Clerodendrum floribundum var. angustifolium + 4m Corchorus crozophorifolius + 40cm Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. parvus + 35cm Corymbia candida 10 15m Corymbia hamersleyana 1 700cm Cucumis maderaspatanus + 35cm Cymbopogon ambiguus + 120cm Digitaria ctenantha + 30cm Duperreya commixta + 1m Enneapogon caerulescens + 30cm Enneapogon lindleyanus + 65cm Enneapogon polyphyllus + 15cm Enneapogon robustissimus Eragrostis eriopoda + 35cm Eremophila fraseri subsp. fraseri + 1.5m Eremophila latrobei subsp. filiformis + 140cm Eremophila longifolia <1 200cm Eriachne mucronata + 35cm Eulalia aurea 6 35cm Euphorbia sp. (site 1089) + 20cm Euphorbia tannensis subsp. eremophila + 25cm Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx + 15cm Goodenia microptera + 10cm Goodenia muelleriana + 30cm Goodenia triodiophila + 30cm Gossypium australe (Burrup Peninsula form) + 20cm Hakea lorea subsp. lorea 1 3m Heliotropium pachyphyllum + 30cm Hibiscus burtonii + 40cm Hibiscus sturtii var. platychlamys + 15cm Indigofera monophylla (brown calyx form) + 70cm Indigofera rugosa + 45cm Ipomoea muelleri + 45cm Isotropis atropurpurea + 20cm Melhania oblongifolia + 30cm Paraneurachne muelleri + 40cm Paspalidium clementii Paspalidium constrictum + 15cm Peripleura obovata + 25cm Phyllanthus erwinii + 8cm Phyllanthus maderaspatensis + 25cm Pluchea ferdinandi-muelleri + 100cm Polycarpaea corymbosa var. corymbosa + 10cm Polycarpaea longiflora + 15cm Polymeria ambigua + 10cm Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides + 20cm Ptilotus astrolasius var. astrolasius + 30cm Ptilotus exaltatus var. exaltatus + 10cm Rhynchosia minima + 30cm Scaevola parvifolia subsp. pilbarae + 30cm



Species Cover (%) Height Sclerolaena cornishiana + 30cm Setaria surgens + 20cm *Setaria verticillata + 25cm Sida aff. fibulifera (oblong; MET 15 220) + 15cm Sida aff. fibulifera (prostrate A.A. Mitchell 3 572) + 15cm Sida arenicola + 40cm Sida echinocarpa + 40cm Sida sp. spiciform panicles (E. Leyland s.n. 14/8/90) + 70cm Sida sp. verrucose glands (F.H. Mollemans 2423) + 30cm Solanum horridum + 30cm Solanum lasiophyllum + 40cm Stemodia grossa + 40cm Tephrosia rosea var. glabrior + 30 cm Themeda triandra 4 110cm Tragus australianus + 12cm Tribulus hirsutus + 10cm Trichodesma zeylanicum var. zeylanicum + 1m Triodia epactia 45 1.2 m Triodia wiseana 10 30cm Yandi Junction South West Site YSW08 Described by B/RO Date 13/06/2007 Type Q 12.5m x200m MGA Zone 50 723594 mE 7478786 mN Habitat Wide, rocky creek bed (8m) and riparian vegetation. Bed is scoured. Soil Red-brown clay Vegetation Eucalyptus camaldulensis var. obtusa (E. victrix) open forest over Acacia coriacea subsp.

pendens low open woodland over Eulalia aurea very open tussock grassland over Triodia pungens very open hummock grassland over Glycine canescens scattered herbs

Veg Condition Poor-Good (lots of weed species (*Malvastrum), obvious cattle disturbance) Fire Age > 10 years Species Cover (%) Height Abutilon lepidum + 20cm Acacia bivenosa <1 25? Acacia citrinoviridis + 2m Acacia coriacea subsp. pendens 5-6m Acacia dictyophleba + 2m Acacia maitlandii + 25cm Acacia pruinocarpa <1 1m Acacia pyrifolia + 3m Acacia tumida var. pilbarensis + 3m Acetosa vesicaria Achyranthes aspera + 50cm Alysicarpus muelleri + 20cm Amaranthus cuspidifolius Argemone ochroleuca subsp. ochroleuca Aristida ingrata + 1m Atalaya hemiglauca 2 2.5m *Bidens bipinnata + 10cm Boerhavia coccinea + 15cm Bothriochloa ewartiana Cassia artemisioides + 80cm Cassia glutinosa x ? + 1.5m Cassia notabilis + 20cm *Cenchrus ciliaris + 25cm Cleome viscosa + 30cm Conyza bonariensis + 40cm Corchorus crozophorifolius + 1.1m Corymbia candida Corymbia ferriticola subsp. ferriticola + 2m Crotalaria medicaginea var. neglecta + 45cm Cucumis maderaspatanus Cymbopogon ambiguus + 1m Cymbopogon procerus Cyperus vaginatus + 1m Dicladanthera forrestii + 30cm Digitaria brownii + 60cm Digitaria ctenantha



Species Cover (%) Height Duperreya commixta + 30cm Dysphania rhadinostachya Enneapogon caerulescens Enneapogon lindleyanus + 25cm Enteropogon ramosus + 1m Eragrostis tenellula + 20cm Eremophila longifolia + 80cm Eriachne aristidea Eriachne tenuiculmis Eucalyptus camaldulensis var. obtusa 50-60 25m Eucalyptus victrix 5 Eulalia aurea 80cm Euphorbia alsiniflora + 20cm Euphorbia tannensis subsp. eremophila Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx + 10cm Flaveria australasica subsp. australasica + 30cm Glycine canescens 20cm Gomphrena cunninghamii + 10cm Goodenia microptera Goodenia muelleriana + 15cm Gossypium australe (Whim Creek form) Gossypium robinsonii Hakea chordophylla Heliotropium chrysocarpum Indigofera monophylla (brown calyx form) + 25cm Indigofera rugosa + 12cm Ipomoea muelleri + 20cm Isotropis atropurpurea + 25cm Jasminum didymum subsp. lineare + 80cm Lepidium muelleri-ferdinandii + 20cm Malvastrum americanum + 20cm Melhania oblongifolia Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. occidentalis + 10cm Notoleptopus decaisnei 20cm Paspalidium clementii + 10cm Paspalidium constrictum + 40cm Phyllanthus maderaspatensis + 60cm Pluchea rubelliflora + 40m Polymeria ambigua Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides + 20cm Ptilotus auriculifolius Rhynchosia minima + 20cm Rulingia luteiflora + 2m Setaria dielsii *Setaria verticillata + 30cm Sida aff. fibulifera (oblong; MET 15 220) Sida sp. spiciform panicles (E. Leyland s.n. 14/8/90) Sigesbeckia orientalis Solanum lasiophyllum + 10cm Solanum nigrum + 5m Stemodia grossa + 60cm Stylobasium spathulatum Tephrosia rosea var. glabrior + 25cm Themeda triandra 1 1m Trachymene oleracea subsp. oleracea Triodia longiceps + 25cm Triodia pungens *Vachellia farnesiana + 10cm (1.5m) Wahlenbergia tumidifructa + 30cm Yandi Junction South West Site YSW09 Described by RB/B Date 13/06/2007 Type Q 50m x 50m MGA Zone 50 723865 mE 7478778 mN Habitat Gentle northwest facing mid-slope of low rise. Soil Gravelly, pebbly, cobbly, rocky red-brown sandy loam. Rock Type Ironstone



Vegetation Acacia pruinocarpa low open woodland over Cassia glutinosa scattered tall shrubs over Eremophila latrobei subsp. filiformis, Eremophila fraseri scattered shrubs over Triodia pungens hummock grassland

Veg Condition Excellent Fire Age >7 years Notes Poor season-dry. Annuals dead/degraded. 2008: Dry, some machinery tracks > 6 months old Species Cover (%) Height Acacia ancistrocarpa + 2.5-3m Acacia dictyophleba + 1.3m Acacia inaequilatera + 90cm Acacia pruinocarpa 8-10m Anthobolus leptomerioides + 2m Aristida contorta Aristida holathera var. holathera + 30cm Cassia glutinosa 1 1.8-2.5m Cassia luerssenii + 1.9m Cassia oligophylla + 35cm Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi + 30cm Codonocarpus cotinifolius + 2.5m Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. lasiocarpus + 30-45cm Cymbopogon ambiguus + 70cm Duperreya commixta + 1.8m Enneapogon sp. Eremophila fraseri subsp. fraseri <1 1.1-2m Eremophila latrobei subsp. filiformis 1.1m Eriachne lanata + 30cm Eriachne mucronata + 35cm Eriachne pulchella subsp. dominii Eucalyptus camaldulensis var. obtusa Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx + 12cm Goodenia stobbsiana + 35cm Gossypium australe (Whim Creek form) + 1.1m Gossypium robinsonii + 1.5m Ipomoea muelleri Maireana planifolia Pterocaulon sphacelatum + 35cm Ptilotus astrolasius var. astrolasius Ptilotus calostachyus + 60cm Sida aff. pilbarensis (EOB46-01B) Solanum lasiophyllum + 70cm Stemodia grossa + 45cm Triodia pungens 60-70 60cm Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835) + 15cm Triodia wiseana Yakirra australiensis Yandi Junction South West Site YSW11 Described by B/RO Date 13/06/2007 Type Q 50m x 50m MGA Zone 50 723486 mE 7478301 mN Habitat Flat plain amongst low rolling (undulating) hills. Soil Red-brown clay Vegetation Eucalyptus leucophloia low open woodland over Acacia pruinocarpa, A. tumida, A.

inaequilatera scattered tall shrubs over Eremophila fraseri, E. latrobei scattered shrubs over Triodia wiseana. T. pungens hummock grassland

Veg Condition Excellent (no weeds, some signs of cattle intrusion) Fire Age >7 years Species Cover (%) Height Abutilon otocarpum + 1m Abutilon trudgenii + 20cm Acacia inaequilatera 1 15cm Acacia pruinocarpa 1 20cm Acacia tenuissima + 10cm Acacia tumida var. pilbarensis <1 4cm Alternanthera nana + 8cm Anthobolus leptomerioides + 1.8m Aristida contorta + 160cm



Species Cover (%) Height Aristida holathera var. holathera + 35cm Boerhavia coccinea + Bonamia media var. villosa + Bulbostylis barbata + 15cm Cassia glutinosa <1 20cm Cassia luerssenii <1 20cm Cassia notabilis 1 climber Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi + 80cm Cleome viscosa + 7cm Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. parvus + 1.5m Cucumis maderaspatanus + Cymbopogon obtectus <1 1.2m Dysphania rhadinostachya + 10-15cm Enneapogon caerulescens + 20cm Eragrostis cumingii + 6m Eremophila fraseri subsp. fraseri 3cm Eremophila latrobei subsp. filiformis 1 12cm Eriachne aristidea + 20cm Eriachne pulchella subsp. dominii <1 25cm Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia 3 20cm Euphorbia sp. (site 1089) + 20cm Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx + 15cm Fimbristylis simulans + 6-15cm Goodenia microptera <1 3.5m Goodenia muelleriana + 10cm Goodenia stobbsiana + 20cm Gossypium australe (Burrup Peninsula form) + 20cm Hakea chordophylla + 20cm Haloragis gossei + Heliotropium inexplicitum + 15cm Heliotropium pachyphyllum + 15-20cm Hibiscus burtonii 20-25cm Hibiscus sturtii var. campylochlamys + 10cm Hybanthus aurantiacus + 35cm Indigofera monophylla (brown calyx form) + 10cm Oldenlandia crouchiana + 10cm Paraneurachne muelleri <1 10cm Paspalidium clementii <1 5cm Polycarpaea corymbosa var. corymbosa + 5cm Polycarpaea holtzei + 20cm Portulaca oleracea + Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides + 20cm Ptilotus aervoides + 12cm Ptilotus astrolasius var. astrolasius + 70cm Ptilotus auriculifolius + 25cm Ptilotus calostachyus + 12cm Ptilotus exaltatus var. exaltatus + 15cm Ptilotus fusiformis + 25cm Ptilotus polystachyus + 12cm Rhyncharrhena linearis + 50cm Schizachyrium fragile + 30cm Sida cardiophylla + 40cm Sida echinocarpa <1 10cm Sida pilbarensis (ferruginous form) + 15cm Sida sp. spiciform panicles (E. Leyland s.n. 14/8/90) + 10cm Solanum lasiophyllum + 10cm Sporobolus australasicus <1 10cm Streptoglossa decurrens + 25cm Tephrosia sp. Bungaroo Creek (M.E. Trudgen 11601) + 5-10cm Trachymene oleracea subsp. oleracea + Tribulus macrocarpus + 20cm Triodia pungens 35cm Triodia wiseana 80cm Tripogon loliiformis + 10cm



Yandi Junction South West Site YSW12 Described by RB/B Date 14/06/2007 Type Q 50m x 50m MGA Zone 50 723232 mE 7478749 mN Habitat Flat floodplain Soil Red-brown loamy sand (with some surface pebbles). Vegetation Acacia pruinocarpa, Corymbia candida scattered low trees/ A. bivenosa tall shrubland/

Cassia aff. oligophylla (thinly sericeous), Sida sp. verrucose glands low open shrubland/ Triodia pungens hummock grassland and Enneapogon polyphyllus tussock grassland

Veg Condition Very good. Fire Age >7-10 years Notes 2008: 4/5th of site burnt - intense fire in past 12 months, moderately grazed Species Cover (%) Height Abutilon macrum + 35cm Abutilon otocarpum (acute leaf form) + 35cm Abutilon trudgenii + 35cm Acacia ancistrocarpa + 1.3m Acacia bivenosa 2m Acacia coriacea subsp. pendens + 1.7m Acacia dictyophleba + 2.5m Acacia pruinocarpa 2-3m Acacia synchronicia + 30cm Acacia tenuissima + 1.4m Achyranthes aspera + 35cm Alternanthera nana + 30cm Aristida contorta 35cm Aristida holathera var. holathera + 20cm Aristida inaequiglumis + 45cm Boerhavia coccinea Cassia aff. oligophylla (thinly sericeous) Cassia aff. oligophylla (thinly sericeous) x glutinosa + 30cm *Cenchrus ciliaris + 30cm Chrysopogon fallax + 50cm Cleome viscosa + 40-50cm Corymbia candida Corymbia ferriticola subsp. ferriticola + 5m Cymbopogon ambiguus + 70-80cm Duperreya commixta + 30cm Enneapogon polyphyllus Eragrostis cumingii + Eragrostis eriopoda + 30cm Eragrostis setifolia + Eremophila longifolia + 1m Eriachne aristidea + 20cm Eriachne pulchella subsp. dominii + Eucalyptus gamophylla + 3-4m Euphorbia aff. australis + 12cm Euphorbia biconvexa + 20cm Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx + 30cm Goodenia microptera + 35cm Hakea lorea subsp. lorea + 40cm Hibiscus aff. sturtii (HD7-11) + 20cm Iseilema membranaceum + 5cm Keraudrenia velutina subsp. elliptica + 1.1m Maireana villosa + 45cm Malvastrum americanum + 40cm Paspalidium clementii + Pluchea dunlopii + 30cm Portulaca oleracea + Pterocaulon sphacelatum + 35cm Schizachyrium fragile + 3cm Sclerolaena cornishiana + 15cm Sida arsiniata + 40cm Sida sp. verrucose glands (F.H. Mollemans 2423) + 30cm Sporobolus australasicus + 15cm Stemodia grossa + 30cm Streptoglossa bubakii + 30cm Tragus australianus + Triodia pungens 50-60 40-60cm



Species Cover (%) Height *Vachellia farnesiana + 2.2m Waltheria indica + 40cm Yandi Junction South West Site YSW13 Described by RW/PH Date 14/06/2007 Type Q 50m x 50m MGA Zone 50 724133 mE 7478603 mN Habitat Hillslope, slope to the west (35 degree angle). Soil Red, brown clay loam. Rock Type Ironstone Vegetation Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia scattered trees/ Acacia inaequilatera

scattered shrubs/ A. hilliana low shrubland/ Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill hummock grassland Veg Condition Excellent Fire Age >7-10 years Notes 2008: minor rehab disturbance in NE corner, veg condition excellent Species Cover (%) Height Acacia adoxa var. adoxa + 20cm Acacia hilliana 30 80cm Acacia inaequilatera 1 1.7m Aristida holathera var. holathera + 30cm Calytrix carinata + 1.2m Cassia glutinosa + 1.6m Cassia notabilis + 40cm Cassia oligophylla x helmsii + 160cm Cassia pruinosa + 190cm Cassia sp. + 1.1m Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. lasiocarpus + 1.2m Corymbia hamersleyana + 80cm Cymbopogon ambiguus + 50cm Eriachne lanata + 20-35cm Eriachne mucronata + 30cm Eriachne pulchella + 10cm Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia 3 10-12m Euphorbia australis (mid-green form) + 10cm Goodenia stobbsiana + 30cm Goodenia triodiophila + 40cm Oldenlandia crouchiana + 25cm Paraneurachne muelleri + 30cm Polycarpaea holtzei + 4cm Polygala aff. isingii + 5cm Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides + 20cm Ptilotus aervoides + 3cm Ptilotus calostachyus + 1.2m Schizachyrium fragile + 15cm Sida pilbarensis (ferruginous form) + 40cm Solanum horridum + 25cm Stemodia grossa + 60cm Trachymene oleracea subsp. oleracea + 60cm Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835) 72 30-40cm Triodia wiseana + 30-50cm Yandi Junction South West Site YSW14 Described by RW/PH Date 14/06/2007 Type Q 50m x 50m MGA Zone 50 722170 mE 7478597 mN Habitat North-facing breakaway slope. Soil Red-brown clay loam Rock Type Ironstone Vegetation Acacia monticola tall shrubland over Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (T. wiseana) closed

hummock grassland Veg Condition Excellent Fire Age >7-10 years Notes 2008: Lots of dead and resprouting shrubs Species Cover (%) Height Acacia hilliana + 70cm Acacia monticola 30 2-3.5m Acacia pruinocarpa + 200cm Aristida contorta + 20cm



Species Cover (%) Height Aristida holathera var. holathera + 30cm Boerhavia coccinea + 25cm Bonamia media var. villosa + 7cm Cassia artemisioides + 80cm Cassia glutinosa + 1-2.3m Cassia luerssenii + 100cm Cassia notabilis <1 40cm Cleome viscosa + 80cm Clerodendrum floribundum var. angustifolium + 10cm Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. parvus + 30cm Cucumis maderaspatanus + 15cm-1.6m Cymbopogon ambiguus + 60cm Digitaria ctenantha + 60cm Duperreya commixta + 30cm Dysphania rhadinostachya <1 35cm Enneapogon lindleyanus + 30cm Enneapogon polyphyllus + 10cm Eremophila fraseri subsp. fraseri + 1-2.5m Eremophila latrobei subsp. filiformis + 1.6m Eriachne aristidea + 20cm Eriachne lanata + 30cm Eriachne mucronata + 30cm Eriachne pulchella subsp. dominii <1 20cm Euphorbia australis (mid-green form) + 15cm Euphorbia biconvexa + 20cm Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx + 12cm Gomphrena cunninghamii + 15cm Goodenia microptera <1 30cm Goodenia muelleriana + 20cm Goodenia stobbsiana + 40cm Gossypium robinsonii + 70cm Grevillea wickhamii + 4.5m Heliotropium chrysocarpum + 20cm Heliotropium tenuifolium + 20cm Hibiscus sturtii var. campylochlamys + 25cm Hybanthus aurantiacus + 10cm Ipomoea muelleri + 5cm Oldenlandia crouchiana + 5cm Paraneurachne muelleri + 40cm Paspalidium clementii + 10cm Peripleura virgata + 25cm Perotis rara + 15cm Phyllanthus erwinii + 10cm Pluchea rubelliflora + 25cm Polycarpaea holtzei + 6cm Polycarpaea longiflora + 30cm Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides + 30cm Ptilotus astrolasius var. astrolasius + 30cm Ptilotus auriculifolius + 35cm Ptilotus calostachyus + 1m Ptilotus clementii + 35cm Ptilotus exaltatus var. exaltatus + 20cm Ptilotus fusiformis + 30cm Schizachyrium fragile + 15-20cm Sida echinocarpa + 50cm Sida pilbarensis (ferruginous form) + 40cm Sida sp. spiciform panicles (E. Leyland s.n. 14/8/90) 75cm Solanum horridum + 25cm Solanum lasiophyllum + 25cm Sporobolus australasicus +-<1 15cm Streptoglossa decurrens + 1m Trachymene oleracea subsp. oleracea + 50cm Tribulus macrocarpus + 10cm Trichodesma zeylanicum var. zeylanicum + 75cm Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835) 40 45cm Triodia wiseana 35 70cm



Yandi Junction South West Site YSW15 Described by B/RO Date 14/06/2007 Type Q 50m x 50m MGA Zone 50 722344 mE 7478506 mN Habitat Hill slope leading into minor drainage area. Soil Skeletal red-brown clay. Vegetation Eucalyptus leucophloia low open woodland over Grevillea wickhamii open shrubland over

Acacia hilliana, A. adoxa. Eremophila latrobei shrubland over Eriachne lanata very open tussock grassland over Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill, T. wiseana open hummock grassland

Veg Condition Excellent (no weeds) Fire Age >7 years Species Cover (%) Height Acacia adoxa var. adoxa 1 50cm Acacia ancistrocarpa + 160cm Acacia hilliana 30 1.1m Acacia pruinocarpa + 3m Acacia sp. + 2m Aristida holathera var. holathera + 25cm Bonamia media var. villosa + 20cm Bonamia rosea + 60cm Cassia glutinosa + 1.5m Cassia luerssenii + 1.7m Cassia notabilis + 40cm Cassia oligophylla x helmsii + 1m Cassytha capillaris + 3m Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. parvus + 60cm Cucumis maderaspatanus + 1m Cymbopogon ambiguus + 1m Digitaria brownii + 40cm Dodonaea coriacea + 1m Duperreya commixta + 1m Dysphania rhadinostachya 10cm Eremophila latrobei subsp. filiformis 1 1.5m Eriachne aristidea 30cm Eriachne lanata 30cm Eriachne mucronata 3 40cm Eriachne pulchella subsp. dominii Eucalyptus gamophylla + 2.5m Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia 4 8m Goodenia microptera + 20cm Goodenia stobbsiana + 50cm Goodenia triodiophila + 30cm Gossypium australe (Burrup Peninsula form) + 30cm Grevillea wickhamii 1 2m Heliotropium pachyphyllum + 50cm Hibiscus aff. coatesii (MET 16,542) 10cm Hybanthus aurantiacus + 80cm Paraneurachne muelleri + 30cm Pluchea rubelliflora + 40cm Polycarpaea holtzei 20cm Pterocaulon sphacelatum + 50cm Ptilotus astrolasius var. astrolasius Ptilotus auriculifolius 40cm Ptilotus calostachyus + 1.2m Ptilotus exaltatus var. exaltatus 60cm Ptilotus obovatus + 50cm Schizachyrium fragile Sida arenicola + 1.5m Sida pilbarensis (ferruginous form) 25cm Solanum horridum + 40cm Solanum lasiophyllum + 30cm Solanum phlomoides + 25cm Streptoglossa decurrens + 50cm Trachymene oleracea subsp. oleracea Trichodesma zeylanicum var. zeylanicum + 1.1m Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835) 65 35cm Triodia wiseana 5 40cm



Yandi Junction South West Site YSW16 Described by RB/B Date 14/06/2007 Type Q 60m x 30m MGA Zone 50 723152 mE 7478388 mN Habitat Crest of low ridge Rock Type Ironstone Vegetation Acacia pruinocarpa low woodland over A. bivenosa, Eremophila fraseri scattered shrubs

over Triodia wiseana hummock grassland Veg Condition Excellent Fire Age >10 years Notes Irregular quadrat size to fit ridge top. 2008: Burnt </= 1 year Species Cover (%) Height Abutilon lepidum 30cm Abutilon trudgenii 5cm Acacia bivenosa 1 2m Acacia pruinocarpa 15-20 2.1-6m Acacia tenuissima + 1.6-2m Aristida contorta 25cm Aristida holathera var. holathera + 30cm Cassia glutinosa + 2m Cassia luerssenii + 1m Cassia notabilis 10cm Cassytha capillaris + 40cm Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. lasiocarpus Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. parvus + 40cm Cymbopogon sp. 10cm Duperreya commixta + 30cm Dysphania rhadinostachya 5cm Enneapogon caerulescens 25cm Eremophila fraseri subsp. fraseri 1 1.2m Eremophila latrobei subsp. filiformis 30cm Eremophila latrobei subsp. glabra 1 1.2m Eremophila latrobei x forrestii + 1.6m Eriachne aristidea 30cm Eriachne lanata + 35cm Eriachne mucronata + 40cm Eriachne pulchella subsp. dominii + 10cm Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia + 90cm Fimbristylis simulans 25cm Goodenia microptera 8cm Goodenia muelleriana 25cm Goodenia stobbsiana + 30cm Goodenia triodiophila + 40cm Grevillea wickhamii 15cm Heliotropium chrysocarpum 25cm Hibiscus coatesii 50cm Keraudrenia velutina subsp. elliptica + 45cm Phyllanthus erwinii 3cm Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides + 15cm Ptilotus astrolasius var. astrolasius 10cm Ptilotus auriculifolius 20cm Ptilotus calostachyus + 60cm Schizachyrium fragile 10cm Sida arenicola + 1.5m Sida echinocarpa 40cm Sida pilbarensis (ferruginous form) 50cm Solanum horridum 20cm Solanum lasiophyllum + 40cm Stemodia grossa 5cm Trachymene oleracea subsp. oleracea 120cm Trichodesma zeylanicum var. zeylanicum + 90cm Triodia wiseana 15cm Yandi Junction South West Site YSW17S Described by JA/PC Date 2/08/2008 Type Q 50x50 Location 42.5km east of Great Northern Highway. 88.5km north west of Newman townsite MGA Zone 50 723807 mE 7480475 mN Habitat Hill crest and some of slope (narrow hill top)



Soil Dark brown loam Rock Type Chert and Fe shingle and boulder, brittle, some quartz Vegetation Acacia inaequilatera scattered tall shrubs over Indigofera monophylla (brown calyx form) low

open heath over Triodia wiseana hummock grassland Veg Condition Excellent Fire Age >2 years Notes Very dry conditions; almost all dead except for Acacia inaequilatera, Triodia and some

Indigofera monophylla

Species Cover Height Acacia adoxa var. adoxa + 50cm Acacia dictyophleba + 50-120cm Acacia inaequilatera 1 30-300cm Aristida contorta + 30cm Aristida holathera var. holathera + 35cm Bonamia sp. Dampier (A.A. Mitchell PRP 217) PN + 5cm Bulbostylis barbata + Cassia oligophylla x helmsii + 40cm Cenchrus ciliaris 45cm Cheilanthes brownii + 8cm Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi + 10cm Cleome viscosa + 50cm Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. lasiocarpus + 10cm Dysphania rhadinostachya 6 Enneapogon caerulescens 20cm Enneapogon polyphyllus + 30cm Enneapogon robustissimus + 40-60cm Eriachne pulchella subsp. dominii + 8-10cm Euphorbia sp. (PAN5-15) + 1cm/prostrate Fimbristylis dichotoma 25cm Gomphrena cunninghamii + 10cm Gossypium australe (Whim Creek form) + 200cm Grevillea pyramidalis 1 300-500cm Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula + 60cm Hakea chordophylla 1.6m Indigofera monophylla (brown calyx form) 60 40cm Paraneurachne muelleri 40cm Peripleura virgata + 3cm Polycarpaea holtzei + 2cm Polycarpaea longiflora + 30cm Ptilotus auriculifolius + 15cm Schizachyrium fragile + 5cm Sida echinocarpa + 70cm Sida pilbarensis (ferruginous form) 80cm Solanum lasiophyllum + 60cm Sporobolus australasicus + 7cm Tephrosia densa + 100cm Tephrosia sp. 1m Trichodesma zeylanicum var. zeylanicum + 170cm Triodia wiseana 35 Yandi Junction South West Site YSW18S Described by RB/RO Date 2/08/2008 Type Q 50x50 MGA Zone 50 723790 mE 7480771 mN Habitat Floodplain area of a drainage area at base of hills Soil Red-brown clayey loam Vegetation Acacia pachyacra, Acacia dictyophleba, Gossypium australe (Burrup) open shrubland/

Triodia pungens open hummock grassland/ Themeda triandra, Aristida inaequiglumis, Eragrostis eriopoda very open tussock grassland Vegetation description June 2009: Hakea lorea, Acacia pachyacra, Acacia dictyophleba tall open shrubland over Themeda triandra, Aristida inaequiglumis, Eragrostis eriopoda very open tussock grassland over Triodia pungens open hummock grassland.

Veg Condition Very good (weeds, signs of cattle disturbance) Fire Age 2-3 years Notes Veg. condition very good (weeds, signs of cattle disturbance). Burnt >3-5 years ago.

Podaxis pistillaris (fungi) within quadrat.



Name Cover Height Abutilon otocarpum + 6cm Abutilon trudgenii MS + 10-12cm Acacia dictyophleba 2-3 100cm Acacia elachantha + 210cm Acacia inaequilatera + 90cm Acacia maitlandii + 60cm Acacia pachyacra 2-3 180cm Acacia pyrifolia + 120cm Alternanthera nana + 20cm Amaranthus undulatus + 7cm Aristida contorta + 15cm Aristida holathera var. holathera + 30cm Aristida inaequiglumis 1 130cm Boerhavia coccinea + 10-15cm Bonamia sp. Dampier (A.A. Mitchell PRP 217) PN + 5cm Cassia notabilis + 7cm Cassia oligophylla x helmsii + 20cm Cenchrus ciliaris + 50cm Chrysopogon fallax + 150cm Cleome viscosa + 50cm Corymbia hamersleyana + 500-600cm Cucumis maderaspatanus + climber Cymbopogon ambiguus + 100cm Cyperus vaginatus + 90cm Digitaria brownii + 60cm Digitaria ctenantha + 40cm Enneapogon caerulescens + 15cm Enneapogon lindleyanus + 20-25cm Enneapogon polyphyllus + 20cm Enneapogon robustissimus + 50-60cm Eragrostis cumingii + 15cm Eragrostis eriopoda 1 50cm Eremophila longifolia + 90cn Eriachne aristidea + 10cm Euphorbia sp. + 20cm Euphorbia sp. (site 1089) + 5cm Euphorbia tannensis subsp. eremophila + 25cm Evolvulus alsinoides var. decumbens + Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx + 20cm Gomphrena cunninghamii + 10cm Goodenia microptera + 15cm Goodenia muelleriana + 10cm Gossypium australe (Burrup Peninsula form) 1 100cm Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula + 70cm Hakea lorea subsp. lorea + 180cm Heliotropium tenuifolium + 15cm Hibiscus sturtii var. platychlamys + 30cm Indigofera colutea + 5cm Indigofera linnaei + 4cm Indigofera monophylla (brown calyx form) + 30cm Malvastrum americanum + 15cm Melhania sp. (CH15-39) + 25cm Mollugo molluginea + 15cm Paraneurachne muelleri + 30cm Pluchea tetranthera + 40cm Ptilotus astrolasius var. astrolasius + 25cm Ptilotus auriculifolius + 20cm Ptilotus polystachyus + 30cm Rhynchosia minima + climber Scaevola parvifolia subsp. pilbarae + 25cm Setaria verticillata + 40cm Sida aff. fibulifera (oblong; MET 15 220) + 25cm Sida echinocarpa + 30cm Sida pilbarensis (ferruginous form) 50cm Sida sp. spiciform panicles (E. Leyland s.n. 14/8/90) + 80cm Sida sp. verrucose glands (F.H. Mollemans 2423) + 10-15cm Stemodia grossa + 25cm



Name Cover Height Tephrosia rosea var. glabrior + 30cm Themeda triandra 1 100cm Tragus australianus + 7cm *Tribulus terrestris + 5-7cm Triodia wiseana + 40cm Triraphis mollis + 20cm Urochloa piligera + 12cm Yandi Junction South West Site YSW19S Described by JA/PC Date 2/08/2008 Type Q 200x12.5 Season Uniformity Location 43km east of Great Northern Highway. 84km north west of Newman townsite MGA Zone 50 724221 mE 7478187 mN Habitat Drier mid-creek, rocky Soil mid-brown Rock Type Ironstone and ? Basalt Vegetation Eucalyptus victrix open forest/ Acacia bivenosa tall open shrubland/ Triodia wiseana

scattered hummock grasses/ Eriachne tenuiculmis, Themeda triandra, Eulalia aurea tussock grassland Vegetation description June 2009: Eucalyptus victrix open woodland over Corymbia hamersleyana scattered low trees over Acacia bivenosa , A. maitlandii, A. ancistrocarpa tall open shrubland over Eriachne tenuiculmis, Themeda triandra and Eulalia aurea tussock grassland and Triodia wiseana scattered hummock grasses.

Veg Condition Excellent, no weeds evident other than Vachellia Notes Conditions extremely dry Veg. condition: Very good to Excellent. No evidence of recent fire.

Name Cover Height Acacia adoxa var. adoxa + 50cm Acacia ancistrocarpa + 400cm Acacia bivenosa 5-10 300cm Acacia inaequilatera + 100cm Acacia maitlandii + 160cm Acacia monticola + Acacia pachyacra + 250cm Cassia helmsii + 55cm Cassia luerssenii + 60cm Cassia oligophylla + 160cm Cassia oligophylla x helmsii + 70cm Cenchrus ciliaris + 25cm Corchorus crozophorifolius + 90cm Corymbia hamersleyana 1 800cm Cymbopogon ambiguus + 60cm Cyperus vaginatus + 80cm Duperreya commixta + creeper Enneapogon robustissimus + 30cm Eremophila longifolia + 250cm Eriachne tenuiculmis 30 70cm Eucalyptus victrix 40 1200cm Eulalia aurea 2 70cm Gossypium australe (Whim Creek form) + 90cm Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula + 20cm Hakea lorea subsp. lorea + 350cm Hybanthus aurantiacus + 50cm Indigofera rugosa + 80cm Melhania oblongifolia + 6cm Melhania sp. (CH15-39) + 15cm Paraneurachne muelleri + 40cm Phyllanthus maderaspatensis + 20cm Pluchea dentex + 40cm Ptilotus exaltatus var. exaltatus + 3cm Rhynchosia minima + creeper Santalum lanceolatum + 300cm Scaevola spinescens + 70cm Stemodia grossa + 20cm Tephrosia rosea var. glabrior + 60cm Themeda triandra 20 80cm



Name Cover Height Triodia wiseana 1-2 30cm Vachellia farnesiana + 100cm Vigna lanceolata + 15cm

Yandi Junction South West Site YSW20S Described by RB/RO Date 2/08/2008 Type Q 25x100 MGA Zone 50 724668 mE 7478135 mN Habitat Crest of large rocky hill Soil Red-brown, skeletal clay Rock Type Ironstone Vegetation Acacia bivenosa tall open shrubland/ Dodonaea coriacea, Ptilotus obovatus scattered

low shrubs/Triodia wiseana hummock grassland/ Eriachne mucronata scattered tussock grassland Vegetation description June 2009: Eucalyptus leucophloia scattered low trees over Acacia bivenosa tall open shrubland over Acacia adoxa var. adoxa scattered low shrubs and Triodia wiseana hummock grassland.

Veg Condition Excellent, no signs of weeds or disturbance to veg. (No cattle grazing or tracks) Fire Age 3-4 years Notes Quadrat dimensions 25x100m to fit vegetation type on hill top.

Name Cover Height Acacia adoxa var. adoxa <1 60cm Acacia ancistrocarpa <1 160cm Acacia bivenosa 7-10 220cm Acacia dictyophleba <1 45cm Acacia elachantha + 110cm Acacia maitlandii + 65cm Acacia pachyacra <1 50cm Amphipogon sericeus + 60cm Amphipogon sp. + 35cm Bonamia sp. Dampier (A.A. Mitchell PRP 217) PN + 20cm Cassia glutinosa + 125cm Cassia luerssenii + 75cm Cassia oligophylla x helmsii + 35-40cm Cassia pruinosa <1 120cm Cleome viscosa + 35cm Corchorus lasiocarpus + 60cm Dampiera candicans + 30cm Dodonaea coriacea 1-2 75cm Eremophila latrobei subsp. filiformis + 90cm Eriachne mucronata 1-2 40cm Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia + 700cm Fimbristylis dichotoma + 20cm Goodenia stobbsiana + 65cm Gossypium australe (Whim Creek form) + 60cm Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula + 100cm Hakea lorea subsp. lorea <1 130cm Heliotropium ovalifolium + 30cm Mollugo molluginea + 10-15cm Paraneurachne muelleri + 35cm Polycarpaea longiflora + 25cm Ptilotus astrolasius var. astrolasius 1 25cm Ptilotus calostachyus + 65cm Ptilotus exaltatus var. exaltatus + 45cm Ptilotus obovatus 1 60cm Sida pilbarensis (ferruginous form) + 60cm Solanum horridum + 25cm Tephrosia sp. Cathedral Gorge (F.H. Mollemans 2420) + 25cm Themeda triandra + to 60cm Tribulus suberosus <1 40cm Triodia wiseana 35-45 70cm



Yandi Junction South West Site R-BRMA-01 Described by B/RO Date 14/06/2007 Type R MGA Zone 50 723479 mE 7478339 mN Habitat Rocky drainage line between low hills. Rock Type Fe Veg Condition Excellent

Species Height Acacia ancistrocarpa 2m Acacia bivenosa 2m Acacia inaequilatera 3m Acacia monticola 1.5m Acacia pruinocarpa 2m Anthobolus leptomerioides 80cm Aristida holathera var. holathera 30cm Bonamia rosea 20cm Cassia luerssenii 150cm Cassia notabilis 35cm Corchorus lasiocarpus 30-40cm Corymbia hamersleyana 400-500cm Cymbopogon ambiguus 80cm Dampiera candicans 35cm Duperreya commixta 1m Dysphania rhadinostachya 5-10cm Enneapogon lindleyanus 40cm Eriachne aristidea 25cm Eriachne lanata 25cm Eriachne mucronata 30cm Eriachne pulchella subsp. dominii 5m Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia 12m Euphorbia sp. (site 1089) 5cm/prostrate Goodenia microptera 4cm Goodenia muelleriana 35cm Goodenia stobbsiana 20cm Grevillea wickhamii 2.5m Heliotropium pachyphyllum 30cm Hibiscus coatesii 20cm Hibiscus leptocladus 60cm Hibiscus sturtii var. campylochlamys 20cm Isotropis atropurpurea 20cm Keraudrenia velutina subsp. elliptica Oldenlandia crouchiana 7cm Paraneurachne muelleri 35cm Phyllanthus erwinii 10cm Polycarpaea corymbosa var. corymbosa 15cm Polycarpaea holtzei 3cm Polycarpaea longiflora 15cm Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides 70cm Ptilotus astrolasius var. astrolasius 30cm Schizachyrium fragile 20cm Sida arenicola 55cm Sida echinocarpa 60cm Solanum lasiophyllum 35cm Stemodia grossa 30cm Tephrosia sp. Bungaroo Creek (M.E. Trudgen 11601) 15cm Themeda triandra 1.1m Trachymene oleracea subsp. oleracea 7cm Yandi Oxbow Site OXB01 Described by RB/PC Date 29/07/2008 Type Q 50x50 m MGA Zone 50 717394 mE 7477689 mN Habitat Gently, north-facing slope of low rise. Top of large hill; rocky. Soil Red-brown, fine sandy loam. Cobbles, pebbles and gravel Rock Type Ironstone Vegetation Acacia inaequilatera tall open shrubland/Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula open

shrubland/ Acacia hilliana low shrubland/Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (T. wiseana) hummock grassland Veg Description June 09: Acacia inaequilatera, Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula



scattered tall shrubs/ Acacia hilliana low shrubland / Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (T. wiseana) hummock grassland

Veg Condition Excellent. Condition June 09: Good - presence of *Bidens bipinnata Fire Age >5 years Notes Northern edge encroaches onto small drainage line (Gossypium robinsonii) Species Cover (%) Height Acacia ancistrocarpa x trachycarpa + 120cm Acacia hilliana 20% 100cm Acacia inaequilatera 200-500cm Amaranthus cuspidifolius + 10cm *Bidens bipinnata + 25cm Cassia glutinosa + 160cm Cassia oligophylla x helmsii + 110cm Cassia pruinosa + 100cm Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. lasiocarpus + 70cm Corymbia hamersleyana + 60cm Cymbopogon ambiguus + 45cm Digitaria brownii + 40cm Enneapogon lindleyanus + 40cm Eragrostis cumingii + 3cm Eriachne pulchella subsp. dominii + 10cm Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia + 120cm Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx + 15cm Fimbristylis dichotoma + 5cm Goodenia stobbsiana + 10cm Goodenia triodiophila + 35cm Gossypium robinsonii + 350cm Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula 2 150cm Heliotropium cunninghamii + 35cm Heliotropium pachyphyllum + 25cm Hibiscus sturtii + 35cm Hybanthus aurantiacus + 30cm Paspalidium clementii + 10cm Polycarpaea holtzei + 1cm Polycarpaea longiflora + 6cm Ptilotus astrolasius var. astrolasius + 40cm Ptilotus calostachyus + 100cm Rulingia luteiflora + 200cm Schizachyrium fragile + 6-8cm Solanum horridum + 10cm Solanum lasiophyllum + 45cm Themeda triandra + 50cm Trachymene oleracea subsp. oleracea + 5cm Triodia pungens + 40cm Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835) 40% 25-35cm Triodia wiseana 5% 40cm Yandi Oxbow Site OXB02 Described by RB/PC Date 30/07/2008 Type Q 50x50 m MGA Zone 50 717001 mE 7477052 mN Habitat Steep, south west facing, rocky slope of a large knoll Soil Red-brown, skeletal, sandy loam Rock Type Ironstone Vegetation Acacia inaequilatera scattered tall shrubs/ Triodia wiseana open hummock grassland Veg description June 09: Acacia inaequilatera scattered low shrubs over Triodia

wiseana open hummock grassland Veg Condition Excellent Fire Age 2-3 years Species Cover (%) Height Acacia dictyophleba + 8cm Acacia inaequilatera 2% 350cm Bulbostylis barbata + 15cm Cassia notabilis + 40cm Cheilanthes contigua + Cleome viscosa + 10cm Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. lasiocarpus + 50cm Eriachne mucronata + 40cm



Species Cover (%) Height Eriachne pulchella + 4cm Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx + 20cm Fimbristylis dichotoma + 35cm Goodenia microptera + 4cm Goodenia muelleriana + 4cm Goodenia stobbsiana + 10cm Mollugo molluginea + 7cm Paraneurachne muelleri + 35cm Phyllanthus erwinii + 3cm Polycarpaea holtzei + 5cm Polygala aff. isingii + 2cm Ptilotus calostachyus + 30cm Ptilotus exaltatus var. exaltatus + 4cm Ptilotus fusiformis + 25cm Ptilotus obovatus + 45cm Schizachyrium fragile + 10cm Solanum lasiophyllum + 40cm Streptoglossa decurrens + 7-8cm Synaptantha tillaeacea var. tillaeacea + 10cm Themeda triandra + 35cm Tribulus suberosus + Triodia wiseana 25% 45cm Yandi Oxbow Site OXB03 Described by RO/JA Date 29/07/2008 Type MGA Zone 50 717680 mE 7477760 mN Habitat gully Soil Dark red loam Rock Type Banded Ironstone Formation Vegetation Corymbia hamersleyana scattered low trees/Rulingia luteiflora, (Acacia pyrifolia, A.

tumida) shrubland/Acacia adoxa scattered low shrubs/Themeda triandra, Cymbopogon ambiguus, (Eriachne mucronata) open tussock grassland

Veg description June 2009: Corymbia hamersleyana scattered low trees/ Gossypium robinsonii (Rulingia luteiflora, Acacia tumida, Grevillea wickhamii, Abutilon lepidum) shrubland/ Themeda triandra (Cymbopogon ambiguus, Eriachne mucronata) open tussock grassland and Triodia pungens scattered hummock grassland.

Veg Condition Excellent Fire Age < 5 years Species Cover (%) Height Abutilon dioicum + 100cm Acacia adoxa var. adoxa 1 30-40cm Acacia bivenosa + 35cm Acacia hilliana + 30cm Acacia maitlandii + 200cm Acacia monticola + 50cm Acacia pachyacra + 8cm Acacia pruinocarpa + 500cm Acacia pyrifolia 1 Acacia tumida var. pilbarensis 2-3% 100-250cm Alternanthera nana + 15cm Amaranthus undulatus + 70cm Aristida holathera var. holathera + 50cm Aristida ingrata + 80cm Astrotricha hamptonii + 120cm Atalaya hemiglauca + 250cm Bonamia media var. villosa + 8cm Bonamia media var. villosa + 5-10cm Bulbostylis barbata + 8cm Bulbostylis turbinata + 10cm Calotis hispidula + 3cm Cassia glutinosa + 120cm Cassia notabilis + 40cm Cassia venusta + 100cm *Cenchrus ciliaris + 25cm Cheilanthes brownii + 8cm Chrysocephalum apiculatum + 30cm Cleome viscosa +



Species Cover (%) Height Clerodendrum floribundum var. angustifolium + 20cm Corchorus crozophorifolius + 60cm Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. lasiocarpus + 30cm Corymbia hamersleyana 1 800cm Cucumis maderaspatanus + climber Cymbopogon ambiguus 8-10% 120cm Dampiera candicans + 60cm Dichanthium sericeum + 60cm Duperreya commixta + Dysphania rhadinostachya + Enneapogon lindleyanus 1% 40cm Enneapogon polyphyllus + 30cm Eremophila longifolia + 100cm Eriachne mucronata 2% 30cm Eriachne tenuiculmis + 50cm Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia 1% 700cm Euphorbia alsiniflora + 15cm Euphorbia sp. (site 1089) + 25cm Euphorbia tannensis subsp. eremophila + 70cm Evolvulus alsinoides var. decumbens + 20cm Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx + 15cm Ficus brachypoda 400cm Gomphrena cunninghamii + 20cm Gomphrena cunninghamii + Goodenia microptera + 35cm Goodenia muelleriana + 60cm Goodenia stobbsiana + 20cm Gossypium australe (Burrup Peninsula form) + 140cm Gossypium robinsonii - 100cm Grevillea pyramidalis + 110cm Grevillea wickhamii 2% 300cm Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula + 180cm Heliotropium chrysocarpum + 30cm Heliotropium cunninghamii + 20cm Heliotropium tenuifolium + 20cm Hibiscus aff. coatesii (MET 16,542) + 70cm Hibiscus aff. coatesii (site 693) + 35cm Hibiscus goldsworthii + 40-200cm Hibiscus sturtii var. campylochlamys + 20-40cm Hybanthus aurantiacus + Indigofera monophylla (brown calyx form) + 50-80cm Isotropis atropurpurea + 40cm Jasminum didymum subsp. lineare + 40cm Melhania sp. (CH15-39) + 40cm Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. occidentalis + 10-30cm Paraneurachne muelleri + 40cm Paspalidium clementii + 25cm Perotis rara + 20cm Phyllanthus maderaspatensis + 25cm Polycarpaea longiflora + 20cm Polymeria ambigua + spreading Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides + 35-45cm Ptilotus astrolasius var. astrolasius + 25cm Ptilotus auriculifolius + 60cm Ptilotus calostachyus + 140cm Ptilotus clementii + 40cm Ptilotus exaltatus var. exaltatus + 60cm Ptilotus fusiformis + 30cm Ptilotus obovatus + 30cm Rhodanthe margarethae + 20cm Rhynchosia minima + 30cm Rulingia luteiflora 10-15% 190cm Santalum lanceolatum + 300cm Sida echinocarpa + 45cm Sida pilbarensis (ferruginous form) + 50-60cm Sida sp. Articulation below (A.A. Mitchell PRP 1605) + 150cm Sida sp. spiciform panicles (E. Leyland s.n. 14/8/90) + 150cm Sida sp. verrucose glands (F.H. Mollemans 2423) + 20cm



Species Cover (%) Height Solanum horridum + 20cm Solanum lasiophyllum + 50cm Solanum phlomoides + Stemodia grossa + 50-60cm Streptoglossa decurrens + 30cm Tephrosia densa + 50cm Tephrosia spechtii + 40cm Themeda triandra 10% 30-40cm Tinospora smilacina + creeper Trachymene oleracea subsp. oleracea + 25cm Tribulus hirsutus + 10cm Tribulus macrocarpus Tribulus platypterus + 35cm Trichodesma zeylanicum var. zeylanicum + 200cm Triodia pungens 1% 50cm Triodia wiseana + 40cm Triumfetta leptacantha + 30-35cm Triumfetta maconochieana + 20cm Yandi Oxbow Site OXB04 Described by RO/JA Date 30/07/2008 Type Q 50x50 m MGA Zone 50 717680 mE 7477162 mN Habitat Broad drainage area/ valley (floodplain) between hills Soil Brown loam, alluvial Rock Type Ironstone Vegetation Corymbia hamersleyana low open woodland/ Acacia pyrifolia shrubland/ Sida sp. spiciform panicles low open shrubland/ Triodia pungens scattered hummock grasses/

Paraneurachne muelleri, Cenchrus ciliaris very open tussock Veg description June 09: Corymbia hamersleyana scattered low trees/ Acacia pyrifolia scattered shrubs over Sida sp. spiciform panicles very open herbland

Veg Condition Very good, has an old drill line/ track through section of quadrat Fire Age <2 years ago Species Cover (%) Height Abutilon macrum + 40cm Abutilon otocarpum + 20cm Abutilon trudgenii + 20cm Acacia pruinocarpa + 130cm Acacia pyrifolia 150cm Acacia tumida var. pilbarensis + 40cm Alternanthera nana + 25cm Aristida holathera var. holathera + 10-15cm Atalaya hemiglauca + 210cm Boerhavia coccinea + 25cm Bonamia rosea + 30cm Cassia helmsii + 20cm Cassia notabilis + 10cm Cassia oligophylla x glutinosa + 65cm Cassia oligophylla x helmsii + 20cm *Cenchrus ciliaris 1 50cm *Cenchrus ciliaris + 55cm Chrysopogon fallax + 110cm Cleome viscosa + 45cm Corchorus crozophorifolius + 70cm Corymbia hamersleyana 10 700cm Crotalaria medicaginea var. neglecta + 35cm Cucumis maderaspatanus + climber Cymbopogon obtectus + 60cm Duperreya commixta + climber Dysphania rhadinostachya + 15cm Enneapogon polyphyllus + 50cm Eragrostis eriopoda + 60cm Eremophila longifolia 1 180cm Eriachne mucronata + 50cm Eriachne tenuiculmis + 80cm Eulalia aurea + 70cm Euphorbia biconvexa + 15cm Euphorbia sp. + 6cm



Species Cover (%) Height Euphorbia sp. (FMLMC-10) + 8cm Euphorbia tannensis subsp. eremophila + 20cm Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx + 25cm Fimbristylis dichotoma + 20cm Gomphrena cunninghamii + 20cm Goodenia microptera + 5cm Goodenia muelleriana + 10cm Goodenia stobbsiana + 20cm Goodenia triodiophila + 40cm Gossypium australe (Burrup Peninsula form) + 30cm Gossypium robinsonii + 30cm Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula + 250cm Hakea lorea subsp. lorea + 170cm Heliotropium cunninghamii + 25cm Heliotropium pachyphyllum <1 25cm Hibiscus aff. coatesii (MET 16,542) + 25cm Hibiscus sturtii var. platychlamys + 40cm Hybanthus aurantiacus + 60cm Indigofera linnaei + 20cm Indigofera monophylla (brown calyx form) + 35cm Jasminum didymum subsp. lineare + 35cm Melhania oblongifolia + 25cm Mollugo molluginea + 10cm Paraneurachne muelleri + 50cm Paspalidium clementii + 15cm Perotis rara + 10cm Phyllanthus maderaspatensis + 10cm Pisolithus sp. Polymeria aff. ambigua (PAN 26B-20) + 25cm Polymeria ambigua 1 20cm Portulaca oleracea + 3cm Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides + 50cm Ptilotus astrolasius var. astrolasius + 30cm Ptilotus auriculifolius + 10cm Ptilotus exaltatus var. exaltatus + 40cm Ptilotus obovatus + 95cm Rhynchosia minima <1 15cm Rulingia luteiflora + 140cm Salsola tragus + 35cm Santalum lanceolatum + 150cm Santalum lanceolatum + 130cm Sida aff. fibulifera (oblong; MET 15 220) + 25cm Sida aff. fibulifera var. L + 15cm Sida sp. spiciform panicles (E. Leyland s.n. 14/8/90) 100 Sida sp. verrucose glands (F.H. Mollemans 2423) + 25cm Solanum lasiophyllum + 30cm Sporobolus australasicus + 10cm Stemodia grossa + 15cm Streptoglossa decurrens + 30cm Tephrosia rosea var. glabrior 60cm Tephrosia sp. Bungaroo Creek (M.E. Trudgen 11601) + 20cm Themeda triandra + 100cm Tribulus hirsutus + creeping Tribulus macrocarpus + 20cm Trichodesma zeylanicum var. zeylanicum + 65cm Triodia pungens 2 40cm Waltheria indica + 60cm Yandi Oxbow Site OXB05 Described by RO/JA Date 30/07/2008 Type Q 50x50 m MGA Zone 50 719028 mE 7478369 mN Habitat Rocky hill crest and upper slope Soil Skeletal red clay-loam; principally clay Rock Type BIF/ Ironstone. Horizontal, massive surface out cropping in parts of quadrat Vegetation Eucalyptus leucophloia low open woodland over Acacia hilliana low open heath over

Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill closed hummock grassland Veg description June 09: Eucalyptus leucophloia scattered low trees over Acacia hilliana

low shrubland over Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill hummock grassland



Veg Condition Excellent, no weeds Fire Age >5-7 years or more Species Cover (%) Height Acacia adoxa var. adoxa + 70cm Acacia ancistrocarpa Acacia coriacea subsp. pendens Acacia hilliana 10-15% 100cm Acacia tumida var. pilbarensis Alternanthera nana + 20cm Amyema sanguinea Aristida holathera var. holathera + 40cm Cassia glutinosa + 110-200cm Cassia oligophylla x helmsii + 60cm Cassia pruinosa + 130cm Cucumis maderaspatanus + 60cm Cymbopogon ambiguus + 120cm Duperreya commixta + 40cm Enneapogon polyphyllus + 15cm Eriachne mucronata + 35cm Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia 1-2% 800cm Euphorbia boophthona + 10cm Fimbristylis simulans + 20cm Goodenia stobbsiana + 40cm Goodenia triodiophila + 40cm Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula + 120cm Hakea chordophylla + 550cm Hybanthus aurantiacus + 50cm Keraudrenia velutina subsp. velutina + 70cm Oldenlandia crouchiana + 10cm Paspalidium clementii + 15cm Polygala aff. isingii + 10cm Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides + 130cm Ptilotus calostachyus + 140cm Ptilotus rotundifolius + 80cm Schizachyrium fragile + 40cm Sida pilbarensis (ferruginous form) + 35cm Solanum horridum + 30cm Solanum lasiophyllum + 60cm Themeda triandra + 55cm Trachymene oleracea subsp. oleracea + 4cm Trichodesma zeylanicum var. zeylanicum + 40cm Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835) 60% 60cm Triodia wiseana + 30cm Yandi Oxbow Site OXB06 Described by RB/PC Date 31/07/2008 Type Q 50x50 m MGA Zone 50 721545 mE 7478369 mN Habitat Low rise of a river bed between two channels of water; rocky Soil Red-brown, alluvial clayey sand with river stones Rock Type Ironstone and granite Vegetation Eucalyptus camaldulensis, (E. victrix) woodland/ Melaleuca argentea, M. glomerata tall

shrubland/ Acacia coriacea subsp. pendens scattered tall shrubs/Cleome viscosa Veg Description June 09: Eucalyptus victrix, Eucalyptus camaldulensis woodland over

Melaleuca argentea (M. glomerata) tall open shrubland. Veg Condition Very good (presence of 3 weed spp. but not extensive, signs of disturbance by cattle) Fire Age >2 years Species Cover (%) Height Acacia ampliceps (5% if unburnt) 220cm Acacia coriacea subsp. pendens 600cm Acacia tumida var. pilbarensis + 20cm Amaranthus undulatus + 10cm Argemone ochroleuca subsp. ochroleuca + 4cm Aristida holathera var. holathera + 40cm Atalaya hemiglauca 500-600cm Cassia notabilis + 25cm *Cenchrus ciliaris + 30cm Citrullus colocynthis + creeper



Species Cover (%) Height Cleome viscosa 1 40cm Corchorus crozophorifolius + 120cm Crotalaria medicaginea var. neglecta + 10cm Cucumis maderaspatanus + climber Cymbopogon procerus + 150cm Cyperus vaginatus + 120cm Digitaria brownii + 50cm Duperreya commixta + 20cm Duperreya commixta + 30cm Dysphania rhadinostachya + 7cm Enneapogon lindleyanus + 30cm Eriachne aristidea + 30cm Eriachne tenuiculmis + 50cm Eucalyptus camaldulensis 25% 1200cm Eucalyptus victrix 20% 1200cm Eulalia aurea + 70cm Euphorbia australis (mid-green form) + creeper Euphorbia biconvexa + 35cm Euphorbia tannensis subsp. eremophila + 15cm Evolvulus alsinoides var. decumbens + 10cm Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx + 5cm Glycine canescens + climber Gomphrena cunninghamii + 20cm Gossypium robinsonii + 200cm Hybanthus aurantiacus + prostrate Indigofera monophylla (brown calyx form) + 50cm Ipomoea muelleri + creeper Malvastrum americanum + 40cm Melaleuca argentea 4% 500cm Melaleuca glomerata 1% 100cm Mollugo molluginea + 6cm Notoleptopus decaisnei + 10cm Olearia fluvialis + 25cm Paraneurachne muelleri + 50cm Paspalidium clementii + 8cm Paspalidium tabulatum + 35cm Phyllanthus maderaspatensis + 15cm Pluchea rubelliflora + 20cm Polycarpaea longiflora + 10cm Polymeria aff. ambigua (PAN 26B-20) + creeper Ptilotus exaltatus var. exaltatus + 5cm Rhynchosia minima + climber Rulingia luteiflora + 50cm Setaria dielsii + 20cm *Setaria verticillata + 25cm Sida sp. spiciform panicles (E. Leyland s.n. 14/8/90) + 25cm Sida sp. verrucose glands (F.H. Mollemans 2423) + 25cm Sigesbeckia orientalis + 20cm Sisymbrium orientale + 7cm Solanum lasiophyllum + 70cm Solanum nigrum + 40cm Sorghum plumosum + 70cm Stemodia grossa + 5cm Tephrosia rosea var. glabrior + 100cm Themeda triandra + 65cm Trachymene oleracea subsp. oleracea + 4cm Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835) + 20cm *Vachellia farnesiana + 90cm Waltheria indica + 40cm Yandi Oxbow Site OXB09 Described by OABC Date 30/07/2008 Type Q 50x50 m MGA Zone 50 718978 mE 7477989 mN Habitat Broad, low-lying floodplain at base of low hills Soil Red-brown clayey loam Rock Type N/A (parent material originally ironstone) Vegetation Eucalyptus gamophylla low woodland/ Acacia elachantha scattered shrubs/ Triodia

pungens, (Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill) hummock grassland



Veg description June 09: Eucalyptus gamophylla low open woodland over Acacia tumida, A. elachantha scattered shrubs over Triodia pungens, T. sp. Shovelanna hill open hummock grassland

Veg Condition Excellent Fire Age >7 years Species Cover (%) Height Acacia adoxa var. adoxa + 60cm Acacia ancistrocarpa + 60cm Acacia dictyophleba + 300cm Acacia elachantha 180cm Acacia maitlandii + 250cm Acacia pachyacra + 300cm Acacia pruinocarpa + 300cm Acacia tenuissima + 100cm Acacia tumida var. pilbarensis 2% 200cm Aristida contorta + 20cm Aristida holathera var. holathera + 40cm Boerhavia coccinea + 10cm Bonamia rosea + 20cm Cassia notabilis + 20-30cm Cassia oligophylla x helmsii + 40cm Cassia pruinosa + 150cm Chrysopogon fallax + 100cm Chrysopogon fallax + 50cm Corchorus crozophorifolius + 35cm Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. lasiocarpus + 70-90cm Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. parvus + 100cm Crotalaria medicaginea var. neglecta + 20cm Cucumis maderaspatanus + 10cm Cymbopogon ambiguus + 80cm Cymbopogon obtectus + 50cm Dampiera candicans + 25cm Dicrastylis cordifolia + 20cm Dodonaea coriacea + 100cm Duperreya commixta + 200cm Enneapogon caerulescens + 30cm Enneapogon polyphyllus + 25cm Eragrostis eriopoda + 50cm Eriachne aristidea + 15cm Eucalyptus gamophylla 2-5% 250cm Eulalia aurea + 60cm Euphorbia australis (mid-green form) + Euphorbia boophthona + 20cm Euphorbia sp. (site 1089) + 15cm Evolvulus alsinoides var. decumbens + 20cm Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx + 20cm Goodenia microptera + 25cm Goodenia stobbsiana + 10cm Gossypium australe (Whim Creek form) + 100cm Heliotropium chrysocarpum + 20cm Heliotropium cunninghamii + 20cm Heliotropium pachyphyllum + 30cm Hibiscus sturtii var. campylochlamys + 70cm Hibiscus sturtii var. platychlamys + 45cm Indigofera monophylla (brown calyx form) + 40cm Keraudrenia velutina subsp. elliptica + 20cm Mollugo molluginea + 12cm Paraneurachne muelleri + 45cm Perotis rara + 15cm Phyllanthus erwinii + 15cm Polycarpaea corymbosa var. corymbosa + 15cm Polymeria aff. ambigua (PAN 26B-20) + 25cm Pterocaulon sp. + 80cm Ptilotus astrolasius var. astrolasius + 30cm Rhynchosia minima + creeper Scaevola parvifolia subsp. pilbarae + 30cm Schizachyrium fragile + 40cm Sida aff. echinocarpa (MET 15,350) + 25cm



Species Cover (%) Height Sida echinocarpa + 35cm Sida sp. verrucose glands (F.H. Mollemans 2423) + 10cm Solanum lasiophyllum + 40cm Stemodia grossa + 60cm Tephrosia rosea var. glabrior + 60cm Tephrosia sp. Cathedral Gorge (F.H. Mollemans 2420) + 10cm Themeda triandra + 80cm Triodia pungens 55 50cm Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835) 10% 25cm Yandi Oxbow Site OXB10 Described by RB/PC Date 30/07/2008 Type Q 50x50 m MGA Zone 50 719183 mE 7477986 mN Habitat Flat, low, rocky plain between two hills Soil Red-brown loam Rock Type Ironstone Vegetation Grevillea wickhamii, Hakea chordophylla tall open shrubland/ Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill hummock grassland Veg description June 09: Grevillea wickhamii, Hakea chordophylla scattered tall shrubs

over Goodenia stobbsiana scattered herbland over Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill hummock grassland

Veg Condition Excellent Fire Age >5 years Species Cover (%) Height Amphipogon sericeus + 20cm Aristida holathera var. holathera + 55cm Bonamia media + 10cm Calytrix carinata + 65cm Cassia glutinosa + 200cm Cassia notabilis + 50cm Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. lasiocarpus + 100cm Cymbopogon obtectus + 80cm Cynanchum floribundum + 10cm Dampiera candicans + 35cm Eriachne pulchella subsp. dominii + 25cm Euphorbia australis (mid-green form) + 15cm Goodenia microptera + 25cm Goodenia stobbsiana 1% 40cm Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula 200-500cm Hakea chordophylla 1% 300cm Hakea chordophylla 1 300cm Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides + 30cm Ptilotus calostachyus + 80cm Schizachyrium fragile + 20cm Solanum lasiophyllum + 30cm Solanum phlomoides + 30cm Triodia pungens + 40cm Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835) 60 30-60cm Yandi Oxbow Site OXB11 Described by RO/JA Date 31/07/2008 Type Q 50x50 m MGA Zone 50 721737 mE 7477924 mN Habitat Rocky hill upper slope; south of road drainage area Soil Red-brown, skeletal clay or clay loam over massive surface outcropping ironstone Rock Type Ironstone Vegetation Eucalyptus leucophloia scattered low trees/ Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula, Acacia

inaequilatera scattered tall shrubs/ Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill hummock grassland Veg description June 09: Eucalyptus leucophloia scattered low trees over Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill hummock grassland

Veg Condition Excellent Fire Age 4-5 years Species Cover (%) Height Acacia adoxa var. adoxa <1 70cm Acacia dictyophleba + 150cm Acacia hilliana + 30-40cm Acacia inaequilatera + 230cm



Species Cover (%) Height Acacia pruinocarpa + 50cm Aristida holathera var. holathera + 40cm Bonamia media var. villosa + 15cm Cassia glutinosa + 130cm Cassia luerssenii + 175cm Cassia pruinosa + 30cm-80cm Clerodendrum floribundum var. angustifolium + 45cm Codonocarpus cotinifolius + 340cm Cucumis maderaspatanus + climber Cymbopogon ambiguus + 70cm Dodonaea coriacea + 100cm Eriachne pulchella subsp. dominii + 5cm Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia 700cm Fimbristylis sp. + Goodenia stobbsiana + 60cm Gossypium robinsonii + 200cm Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula <1 350cm Ptilotus astrolasius var. astrolasius + 20cm Ptilotus calostachyus + 30cm Schizachyrium fragile + 2cm Solanum horridum + 10cm Solanum lasiophyllum + 60cm Triodia pungens + 60cm Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835) 40-50 45cm Triodia wiseana + 25cm Yandi Oxbow Site OXB13 Described by RB/PC Date 29/07/2008 Type Q 50x50 m MGA Zone 50 720210 mE 7477174 mN Habitat Steep, rocky, south-facing slope of large hill Soil Red-brown, sandy loam, cobbly, pebbly and gravelly ironstone Rock Type Ironstone Vegetation Eucalyptus leucophloia (Corymbia hamersleyana) low open woodland/Acacia bivenosa, A.

ancistrocarpa, A. pruinocarpa open shrubland/ Acacia adoxa low open shrubland/ Triodia wiseana hummock grassland Veg description June 09: Eucalyptus leucophloia, Corymbia hamersleyana scattered low trees over Acacia bivenosa scattered shrubs over Triodia wiseana hummock

Veg Condition Excellent, no disturbance Fire Age Unburnt >7 years Species Cover (%) Height Abutilon lepidum + 5cm Acacia adoxa var. adoxa 80cm Acacia ancistrocarpa + 180cm Acacia ancistrocarpa x trachycarpa + 165cm Acacia bivenosa 1% 200cm Acacia coriacea subsp. pendens + 180cm Acacia dictyophleba + 220cm Acacia maitlandii + 100cm Acacia pruinocarpa 1 170cm Acacia tetragonophylla + 40cm Amaranthus cuspidifolius + 10cm Amphipogon sp. + 25cm Aristida contorta + 30cm Aristida holathera var. holathera + 30cm Bonamia media var. villosa + 2cm Cassia glutinosa + 130cm Cassia oligophylla x helmsii + 30-50cm Cassia pruinosa + 35cm Cheilanthes contigua + 10cm Clerodendrum floribundum var. angustifolium + 200cm Corchorus crozophorifolius + 150cm Corymbia hamersleyana 1 400-500cm Cymbopogon ambiguus + 50cm Duperreya commixta + climber Enneapogon polyphyllus + 40cm Eremophila latrobei subsp. filiformis + 120cm Eriachne mucronata + 35cm



Species Cover (%) Height Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella + 10cm Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia 2% 800cm Euphorbia boophthona + 5cm Euphorbia tannensis subsp. eremophila + 5cm Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx + 12cm Gomphrena cunninghamii + 7cm Goodenia muelleriana + 50cm Goodenia stobbsiana + 5cm Gossypium australe (Whim Creek form) + 165cm Grevillea wickhamii + 150cm Hibiscus aff. coatesii (MET 16,542) + 70cm Hibiscus aff. coatesii (site 693) + 35cm Hibiscus sturtii var. campylochlamys + 40cm Indigofera monophylla (brown calyx form) + 50cm Isotropis atropurpurea + 20cm Jasminum didymum subsp. lineare + creeper (130cm) Mollugo molluginea + 10cm Paraneurachne muelleri + 35cm Polycarpaea longiflora + 10cm Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides + 40cm Ptilotus calostachyus + 40cm Ptilotus obovatus + 70cm Santalum lanceolatum + 250cm Schizachyrium fragile + 15cm Sida aff. echinocarpa (MET 15,350) + 50cm Sida sp. spiciform panicles (E. Leyland s.n. 14/8/90) + 25cm Solanum horridum + 20cm Solanum lasiophyllum + 20cm Streptoglossa decurrens + 15cm Tephrosia aff. densa + 25cm Tephrosia aff. densa (WW22-16) + 25cm Tephrosia densa + 45cm Themeda triandra + 50cm Trachymene oleracea subsp. oleracea + 5cm Tribulus suberosus + 60cm Trichodesma zeylanicum var. zeylanicum + 10cm Triodia wiseana 65% 70cm Yandi Oxbow Site OXB16 Described by RO/JA Date 29/07/2008 Type Q 25x100 m Location Near main road on other side of indicative site no. OXB08 MGA Zone 50 720389 mE 7477107 mN Habitat Drainage line at base of hills. Stony, rocky creek line Soil Red-brown loam with a high component of clay Rock Type BIF/ Ironstone and Quartz Vegetation Eucalyptus victrix scattered low trees/ Acacia tumida, Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula

tall shrubland/Rulingia luteiflora, Acacia pyrifolia open shrubland / Tephrosia rosea var. glabrior low shrubland/ Cymbopogon ambiguus, Themeda triandra very open tussock grassland Veg description June 09: Acacia tumida tall shrubland (Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula, Rulingia luteiflora scattered tall shrubs) over Tephrosia rosea var. glabrior (Corchorus crozophorifolius) low herbland over Cymbopogon procerus, Eriachne tenuiculmis scattered tussock grasses.

Fire Age >/= 5 years Notes Quite dry, few annuals, signs of grading, one track cuts across old stop sign Species Cover (%) Height Abutilon dioicum + 25cm Abutilon lepidum + 15cm Acacia adoxa var. adoxa + 50cm Acacia bivenosa + Acacia maitlandii + 130cm Acacia pyrifolia + 100-200cm Acacia tumida var. pilbarensis 15 350-400cm Acetosa vesicaria + 10cm Amaranthus undulatus + 30cm Aristida holathera var. holathera + 25cm Atalaya hemiglauca 450cm



Species Cover (%) Height Boerhavia coccinea + 15cm Bonamia rosea + 30cm Cassia luerssenii + 40cm Cassia oligophylla + *Cenchrus ciliaris + Cleome viscosa <1 30cm Corchorus crozophorifolius 1% 100cm Crotalaria medicaginea var. neglecta + 45cm Cucumis maderaspatanus + 60cm Cymbopogon ambiguus 3 120cm Cymbopogon procerus 2% 120cm Digitaria ctenantha + 40cm Duperreya commixta + 80cm Enneapogon lindleyanus + 35cm Enneapogon polyphyllus + 30cm Eriachne mucronata + 25-40cm Eriachne pulchella subsp. dominii + 10cm Eriachne tenuiculmis 1% 40cm Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia + 220cm Eucalyptus victrix + 400cm Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx + 25cm Flaveria australasica subsp. australasica + 30cm Gomphrena cunninghamii + 15cm Gossypium australe (Burrup Peninsula form) + 40cm Gossypium australe (Whim Creek form) + 120cm Gossypium robinsonii + 200cm Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula 5% 200-400cm Heliotropium tenuifolium + 20cm Hibiscus sp. + 20cm prostrate Hybanthus aurantiacus + 20cm Indigofera monophylla (brown calyx form) + 20cm Ipomoea muelleri + 30cm Jasminum didymum subsp. lineare 60cm Paraneurachne muelleri + 45cm Paspalidium clementii + 15cm Phyllanthus maderaspatensis + 40cm Polycarpaea longiflora + 25cm Polymeria ambigua + 15-20cm Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides + Ptilotus astrolasius var. astrolasius + 25cm Ptilotus exaltatus var. exaltatus + 40cm Ptilotus obovatus + 60cm Rhynchosia minima + 10cm Rulingia luteiflora 5 120-150cm Salsola tragus + 40cm Santalum lanceolatum + 250cm Setaria dielsii + 25cm Sida sp. spiciform panicles (E. Leyland s.n. 14/8/90) + 50cm Sida sp. verrucose glands (F.H. Mollemans 2423) + 15cm Tephrosia rosea var. glabrior 20 60cm Themeda triandra 2 70cm Trachymene oleracea subsp. oleracea + 25cm Trichodesma zeylanicum var. zeylanicum + 120cm Triodia pungens 1 80cm Triodia wiseana + 40-60cm Triumfetta maconochieana + 50cm



Appendix 4

Vascular Flora Species Lists



Vascular Flora Species List – Oxbow area

Comparison of Cassia versus Senna nomenclature:

Cassia glutinosa = Senna glutinosa subsp. glutinosa Cassia helmsii = Senna artemisioides subsp. helmsii Cassia luerssenii = Senna glutinosa subsp. x luerssenii Cassia notabilis = Senna notabilis Cassia oligophylla = Senna artemisioides subsp. oligophylla Cassia pruinosa = Senna artemisioides subsp. pruinosa Cassia venusta = Senna venusta

* denotes introduced species (weeds)

Family Species Amaranthaceae Alternanthera nana Amaranthus cuspidifolius Amaranthus undulatus Gomphrena cunninghamii Ptilotus astrolasius Ptilotus auriculifolius Ptilotus calostachyus Ptilotus clementii Ptilotus exaltatus var. exaltatus Ptilotus fusiformis Ptilotus obovatus Ptilotus rotundifolius Apocynaceae Cynanchum floribundum Araliaceae Astrotricha hamptonii Trachymene oleracea subsp. oleracea Asteraceae *Bidens bipinnata Calotis hispidula Chrysocephalum apiculatum *Flaveria trinervia Olearia fluvialis Peripleura virgata Pluchea rubelliflora Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides Pterocaulon sp. Rhodanthe margarethae *Sigesbeckia orientalis Streptoglossa decurrens Boraginaceae Heliotropium chrysocarpum Heliotropium cunninghamii Heliotropium pachyphyllum Heliotropium tenuifolium Trichodesma zeylanicum var. zeylanicum Brassicaceae Lepidium catapycnon *Sisymbrium orientale Caryophyllaceae Polycarpaea corymbosa var. corymbosa Polycarpaea holtzei Polycarpaea longiflora Chenopodiaceae Dysphania rhadinostachya Salsola tragus



Family Species Cleomaceae Cleome viscosa Convolvulaceae Bonamia rosea Bonamia sp. Dampier (A.A. Mitchell PRP 217) PN Duperreya commixta Evolvulus alsinoides var. decumbens Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx Ipomoea muelleri Polymeria ambigua Polymeria aff. ambigua (PAN 26B-20) Cucurbitaceae *Citrullus colocynthis Cucumis maderaspatanus Cyperaceae Bulbostylis barbata Bulbostylis turbinata Cyperus vaginatus Fimbristylis dichotoma Fimbristylis simulans Fimbristylis sp. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia alsiniflora Euphorbia australis (mid-green form) Euphorbia biconvexa Euphorbia boophthona Euphorbia tannensis subsp. eremophila Euphorbia sp. (FMLMC-10) Euphorbia sp. (site 1089) Euphorbia sp. Fabaceae Acacia adoxa var. adoxa Acacia ampliceps Acacia ancistrocarpa Acacia ancistrocarpa x trachycarpa Acacia bivenosa Acacia coriacea subsp. pendens Acacia dictyophleba Acacia elachantha Acacia hilliana Acacia inaequilatera Acacia maitlandii Acacia monticola Acacia pachyacra Acacia pruinocarpa Acacia pyrifolia Acacia tenuissima Acacia tetragonophylla Acacia tumida var. pilbarensis Cassia glutinosa Cassia helmsii Cassia luerssenii Cassia notabilis Cassia oligophylla Cassia oligophylla x glutinosa Cassia oligophylla x helmsii Cassia pruinosa Cassia venusta



Family Species Crotalaria medicaginea var. neglecta Glycine canescens Indigofera linnaei Indigofera monophylla (brown calyx form) Isotropis atropurpurea Rhynchosia minima Tephrosia densa Tephrosia aff. densa (WW22-16) Tephrosia aff. densa Tephrosia rosea var. glabrior Tephrosia spechtii Tephrosia sp. Bungaroo Creek (M.E. Trudgen 11601) Tephrosia sp. Cathedral Gorge (F.H. Mollemans 2420) *Vachellia farnesiana Goodeniaceae Dampiera candicans Goodenia microptera Goodenia muelleriana Goodenia stobbsiana Goodenia triodiophila Scaevola parvifolia subsp. pilbarae Gyrostemonaceae Codonocarpus cotinifolius Lamiaceae Clerodendrum floribundum var. angustifolium Dicrastylis cordifolia Loranthaceae Amyema sanguinea Malvaceae Abutilon dioicum Abutilon lepidum Abutilon macrum Abutilon otocarpum Abutilon trudgenii Corchorus crozophorifolius Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. lasiocarpus Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. parvus Gossypium australe (Burrup Peninsula form) Gossypium australe (Whim Creek form) Gossypium robinsonii Hibiscus aff. coatesii (MET 16,542) Hibiscus aff. coatesii (site 693) Hibiscus goldsworthii Hibiscus sturtii var. campylochlamys Hibiscus sturtii var. platychlamys Hibiscus sturtii (var. not determined) Hibiscus sp. Keraudrenia velutina subsp. elliptica *Malvastrum americanum Melhania oblongifolia Melhania sp. (CH15-39) Rulingia luteiflora Sida echinocarpa Sida aff. echinocarpa (MET 15,350) Sida aff. fibulifera (oblong; MET 15 220) Sida aff. fibulifera var. L Sida pilbarensis (ferruginous form)



Family Species Sida sp. Articulation below (A.A. Mitchell PRP 1605) Sida sp. Excedentifolia (J.L. Egan 1925) Sida sp. spiciform panicles (E. Leyland s.n. 14/8/90) Sida sp. verrucose glands (F.H. Mollemans 2423) Triumfetta leptacantha Triumfetta maconochieana Waltheria indica Menispermaceae Tinospora smilacina Molluginaceae Mollugo molluginea Moraceae Ficus brachypoda Myrtaceae Calytrix carinata Corymbia hamersleyana Eucalyptus camaldulensis subsp. refulgens Eucalyptus gamophylla Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia Eucalyptus victrix Melaleuca argentea Melaleuca glomerata Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia coccinea Oleaceae Jasminum didymum subsp. lineare Papaveraceae *Argemone ochroleuca subsp. ochroleuca Phyllanthaceae Notoleptopus decaisnei Phyllanthus erwinii Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Plantaginaceae Stemodia grossa Poaceae Amphipogon sericeus Amphipogon sp. (sterile) Aristida contorta Aristida holathera var. holathera Aristida ingrata *Cenchrus ciliaris Chrysopogon fallax Cymbopogon ambiguus Cymbopogon obtectus Cymbopogon procerus Dichanthium sericeum Digitaria brownii Digitaria ctenantha Enneapogon caerulescens Enneapogon lindleyanus Enneapogon polyphyllus Eragrostis cumingii Eragrostis eriopoda Eriachne aristidea Eriachne mucronata Eriachne pulchella subsp. dominii Eriachne pulchella subsp. pulchella



Family Species Eriachne pulchella (subsp. not determined) Eriachne tenuiculmis Eulalia aurea Paraneurachne muelleri Paspalidium clementii Paspalidium tabulatum Perotis rara Schizachyrium fragile Setaria dielsii *Setaria verticillata Sorghum plumosum Sporobolus australasicus Themeda triandra Triodia pungens Triodia wiseana Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835) Polygalaceae Polygala aff. isingii Polygonaceae *Acetosa vesicaria Portulacaceae *Portulaca oleracea Proteaceae Grevillea pyramidalis Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula Grevillea wickhamii (sterile; subsp. not determined) Hakea chordophylla Hakea lorea subsp. lorea Pteridaceae Cheilanthes brownii Cheilanthes contigua Rubiaceae Oldenlandia crouchiana Synaptantha tillaeacea var. tillaeacea Santalaceae Santalum lanceolatum Sapindaceae Atalaya hemiglauca Dodonaea coriacea Scrophulariaceae Eremophila latrobei subsp. filiformis Eremophila longifolia Solanaceae Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. occidentalis Solanum horridum Solanum lasiophyllum *Solanum nigrum Solanum phlomoides Violaceae Hybanthus aurantiacus Zygophyllaceae Tribulus hirsutus Tribulus macrocarpus Tribulus platypterus Tribulus suberosus



Vascular Flora Species List – JSW area This comprises the total list of species recorded from both the 2007 and 2009 study areas. Comparison of Cassia versus Senna nomenclature: Cassia artemisioides = Senna artemisioides subsp. x artemisioides Cassia glutinosa = Senna glutinosa subsp. glutinosa Cassia helmsii = Senna artemisioides subsp. helmsii Cassia luerssenii = Senna glutinosa subsp. x luerssenii Cassia oligophylla = Senna artemisioides subsp. oligophylla Cassia pruinosa = Senna artemisioides subsp. pruinosa

* denotes introduced species (weeds) Family Species Recorded in Modified

2009 Study Area? Acanthaceae Dicladanthera forrestii Y Dipteracanthus australasicus subsp. australasicus Y Rostellularia adscendens var. clementii Y Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera Y Alternanthera nana Y Amaranthus cuspidifolius Y Amaranthus undulatus Y Gomphrena cunninghamii Y Ptilotus aervoides Y Ptilotus astrolasius Y Ptilotus auriculifolius Y Ptilotus calostachyus Y Ptilotus clementii Y Ptilotus exaltatus var. exaltatus Y Ptilotus fusiformis Y Ptilotus obovatus Y Ptilotus polystachyus Y Ptilotus rotundifolius Y Apocynaceae Rhyncharrhena linearis Y Araliaceae Trachymene oleracea subsp. oleracea Y Asteraceae *Bidens bipinnata Y Chrysocephalum apiculatum Y *Conyza bonariensis Y *Flaveria trinervia Y Olearia fluvialis N Peripleura obovata Y Peripleura virgata Y Pluchea dentex Y Pluchea dunlopii Y Pluchea ferdinandi-muelleri Y Pluchea rubelliflora Y Pluchea tetranthera Y Pterocaulon sphacelatum Y Pterocaulon sphaeranthoides Y Rhodanthe citrina N *Sigesbeckia orientalis Y Streptoglossa bubakii Y Streptoglossa decurrens Y



Family Species Recorded in Modified 2009 Study Area?

Boraginaceae Heliotropium chrysocarpum Y Heliotropium cunninghamii Y Heliotropium inexplicitum Y Heliotropium ovalifolium Y Heliotropium pachyphyllum Y Heliotropium tenuifolium Y Trichodesma zeylanicum var. zeylanicum Y Brassicaceae Lepidium muelleri-ferdinandii Y Lepidium phlebopetalum Y Campanulaceae Wahlenbergia tumidifructa Y Caryophyllaceae Polycarpaea corymbosa var. corymbosa Y Polycarpaea holtzei Y Polycarpaea longiflora Y Chenopodiaceae Dysphania rhadinostachya Y Maireana planifolia Y Maireana villosa Y Sclerolaena cornishiana Y Sclerolaena costata Y Cleomaceae Cleome viscosa Y Convolvulaceae Bonamia rosea Y Bonamia sp. Dampier (A.A. Mitchell PRP 217) PN Y Duperreya commixta Y Evolvulus alsinoides var. decumbens Y Evolvulus alsinoides var. villosicalyx Y Ipomoea muelleri Y Polymeria ambigua Y Polymeria aff. ambigua (PAN 26B-20) Y Cucurbitaceae Cucumis maderaspatanus Y Cyperaceae Bulbostylis barbata Y Cyperus vaginatus Y Fimbristylis dichotoma Y Fimbristylis simulans Y Elatinaceae Bergia trimera N Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia alsiniflora Y Euphorbia australis (mid-green form) Y Euphorbia aff. australis Y Euphorbia biconvexa Y Euphorbia boophthona Y Euphorbia tannensis subsp. eremophila Y Euphorbia sp. (FMLMC-10) Y Euphorbia sp. (PAN5-15) Y Euphorbia sp. (site 1089) Y Euphorbia sp. Y Fabaceae Acacia adoxa var. adoxa Y Acacia ampliceps N Acacia ancistrocarpa Y




Acacia bivenosa Y Acacia citrinoviridis Y Acacia coriacea subsp. pendens Y Acacia dictyophleba Y Acacia elachantha Y Acacia hilliana Y Acacia inaequilatera Y Acacia maitlandii Y Acacia monticola Y Acacia pachyacra Y Acacia pruinocarpa Y Acacia pyrifolia Y Acacia synchronicia Y Acacia tenuissima Y Acacia tetragonophylla Y Acacia tumida var. pilbarensis Y Acacia sp. Y Alysicarpus muelleri Y Cassia artemisioides Y Cassia glutinosa Y Cassia glutinosa x ? Y Cassia helmsii Y Cassia luerssenii Y Cassia notabilis Y Cassia oligophylla Y Cassia oligophylla x helmsii Y Cassia aff. oligophylla (thinly sericeous) Y Cassia aff. oligophylla (thinly sericeous) x glutinosa Y Cassia pruinosa Y Cassia sp. Y Crotalaria medicaginea var. neglecta Y Cullen leucanthum N Cullen leucochaites Y Glycine canescens Y Indigofera colutea Y Indigofera linnaei Y Indigofera monophylla (brown calyx form) Y Indigofera rugosa Y Isotropis atropurpurea Y Mirbelia viminalis Y Rhynchosia minima Y Tephrosia densa Y Tephrosia rosea var. glabrior Y Tephrosia sp. Bungaroo Creek (M.E. Trudgen 11601) Y Tephrosia sp. Cathedral Gorge (F.H. Mollemans 2420) Y Tephrosia sp. Y *Vachellia farnesiana Y Vigna lanceolata Y Goodeniaceae Dampiera candicans Y Goodenia forrestii Y Goodenia lamprosperma N Goodenia microptera Y Goodenia muelleriana Y Goodenia nuda Y Goodenia stobbsiana Y Goodenia triodiophila Y




Scaevola parvifolia subsp. pilbarae Y Scaevola spinescens Y Gyrostemonaceae Codonocarpus cotinifolius Y Haloragaceae Haloragis gossei Y Lamiaceae Clerodendrum floribundum var. angustifolium Y Lauraceae Cassytha capillaris Y Loranthaceae Amyema sanguinea N Malvaceae Abutilon dioicum N Abutilon fraseri Y Abutilon lepidum Y Abutilon macrum Y Abutilon otocarpum Y Abutilon otocarpum (acute leaf form) Y Abutilon trudgenii Y Corchorus crozophorifolius Y Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. lasiocarpus Y Corchorus lasiocarpus subsp. parvus Y Corchorus lasiocarpus (subsp. not determined) Y Gossypium australe (Burrup Peninsula form) Y Gossypium australe (Whim Creek form) Y Gossypium robinsonii Y Hibiscus burtonii Y Hibiscus coatesii Y Hibiscus aff. coatesii (MET 16,542) Y Hibiscus aff. coatesii (site 693) Y Hibiscus sturtii var. campylochlamys Y Hibiscus sturtii var. platychlamys Y Hibiscus aff. sturtii (HD7-11) Y Keraudrenia velutina subsp. elliptica Y *Malvastrum americanum Y Melhania oblongifolia Y Melhania sp. (CH15-39) Y Rulingia luteiflora Y Sida arenicola Y Sida arsiniata Y Sida cardiophylla Y Sida echinocarpa Y Sida aff. fibulifera (oblong; MET 15 220) Y Sida aff. fibulifera (prostrate A.A. Mitchell 3 572) Y Sida pilbarensis (ferruginous form) Y Sida aff. pilbarensis (EOB46-01B) Y Sida sp. spiciform panicles (E. Leyland s.n. 14/8/90) Y Sida sp. verrucose glands (F.H. Mollemans 2423) Y Sida sp. Y Triumfetta clementii Y Waltheria indica Y Marsileaceae Marsilea ? drummondii N Molluginaceae Mollugo molluginea Y




Myrtaceae Calytrix carinata Y Corymbia candida Y Corymbia deserticola subsp. deserticola N Corymbia ferriticola Y Corymbia hamersleyana Y Eucalyptus camaldulensis subsp. refulgens Y Eucalyptus gamophylla Y Eucalyptus leucophloia subsp. leucophloia Y Eucalyptus victrix Y Melaleuca glomerata N Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia coccinea Y Oleaceae Jasminum didymum subsp. lineare Y Papaveraceae *Argemone ochroleuca subsp. ochroleuca Y Phyllanthaceae Notoleptopus decaisnei Y Phyllanthus erwinii Y Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Y Plantaginaceae Stemodia grossa Y Poaceae Amphipogon sericeus Y Amphipogon sp. (sterile) Y Aristida contorta Y Aristida holathera var. holathera Y Aristida inaequiglumis Y Aristida ingrata Y Bothriochloa ewartiana Y *Cenchrus ciliaris Y Chloris sp. Y Chrysopogon fallax Y Cymbopogon ambiguus Y Cymbopogon obtectus Y Cymbopogon procerus Y Cymbopogon sp. Y Digitaria brownii Y Digitaria ctenantha Y Enneapogon caerulescens Y Enneapogon lindleyanus Y Enneapogon polyphyllus Y Enneapogon robustissimus Y Enneapogon sp. Y Enteropogon ramosus Y Eragrostis cumingii Y Eragrostis eriopoda Y Eragrostis setifolia Y Eragrostis tenellula Y Eriachne aristidea Y Eriachne lanata Y Eriachne mucronata Y Eriachne pulchella subsp. dominii Y Eriachne pulchella (subsp. not determined) Y Eriachne tenuiculmis Y Eulalia aurea Y Iseilema membranaceum Y




Paraneurachne muelleri Y Paspalidium clementii Y Paspalidium constrictum Y Perotis rara Y Schizachyrium fragile Y Setaria dielsii Y Setaria surgens Y *Setaria verticillata Y Sporobolus australasicus Y Themeda triandra Y Tragus australianus Y Triodia epactia Y Triodia longiceps Y Triodia pungens Y Triodia wiseana Y Triodia sp. Shovelanna Hill (S. van Leeuwen 3835) Y Tripogon loliiformis Y Triraphis mollis Y Urochloa piligera Y Yakirra australiensis var. australiensis Y Polygalaceae Polygala aff. isingii Y Polygonaceae *Acetosa vesicaria Y Portulacaceae *Portulaca oleracea Y Proteaceae Grevillea pyramidalis Y Grevillea wickhamii subsp. hispidula Y Grevillea wickhamii (sterile; subsp. not determined) Y Hakea chordophylla Y Hakea lorea subsp. lorea Y Pteridaceae Cheilanthes brownii Y Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi Y Rubiaceae Oldenlandia crouchiana Y Santalaceae Anthobolus leptomerioides Y Santalum lanceolatum Y Sapindaceae Atalaya hemiglauca Y Dodonaea coriacea Y Scrophulariaceae Eremophila fraseri subsp. fraseri Y Eremophila latrobei subsp. filiformis Y Eremophila latrobei subsp. glabra Y Eremophila latrobei x forrestii Y Eremophila longifolia Y Solanaceae Nicotiana occidentalis subsp. occidentalis Y Solanum horridum Y Solanum lasiophyllum Y *Solanum nigrum Y Solanum phlomoides Y




Surianaceae Stylobasium spathulatum Y Violaceae Hybanthus aurantiacus Y Zygophyllaceae Tribulus hirsutus Y Tribulus macrocarpus Y Tribulus suberosus Y *Tribulus terrestris Y Zygophyllum eichleri Y



Appendix 5

Weed Records



Locations of weed species within the Oxbow study area.

Species Record Type Location Estimated cover

*Acetosa vesicaria OXB16 720393 E 7477077 N Scattered

OPP 720543 E 7478189 N Dense along rail embankment

*Argemone ochroleuca OXB06 721574 E 7478351 N Scattered

*Bidens bipinnata OXB01 717402 E 7477654 N Scattered

*Cenchrus ciliaris OXB03 717680 E 7477760 N Scattered

OXB04 717713 E 7477146 N 1%

OXB06 721574 E 7478351 N Scattered

OXB16 720393 E 7477077 N Scattered

*Citrullus colocynthis OXB06 721574 E 7478351 N Scattered

*Flaveria trinervia OXB16 720393 E 7477077 N Scattered

*Malvastrum americanum OXB06 721574 E 7478351 N Scattered

*Portulaca oleracea OXB04 717713 E 7477146 N Scattered

*Setaria verticillata OXB06 721574 E 7478351 N Scattered

*Sigesbeckia orientalis OXB06 721574 E 7478351 N Scattered

*Sisymbrium orientale OXB06 721574 E 7478351 N Scattered

*Solanum nigrum OXB06 721574 E 7478351 N Scattered

*Vachellia farnesiana OXB06 721574 E 7478351 N Scattered

Locations of weed species within the JSW study area.

Species Study Site Location Estimated cover

*Acetosa vesicaria YSW05 725104 E 7479655 N Scattered

YSW08 723672 E 7478842 N Scattered

*Argemone ochroleuca YSW08 723672 E 7478842 N Scattered

*Bidens bipinnata YSW01 726591 E 7481127 N Scattered (outside study area)




*Cenchrus ciliaris YSW01 726591 E 7481127 N Scattered (outside study area)





YSW17S 723807 E 7480475 N Scattered



*Conyza bonariensis YSW01 726591 E 7481127 N Scattered (outside study area)


*Flaveria trinervia YSW05 725104 E 7479655 N Scattered


*Malvastrum americanum YSW04 726771 E 7482008 N Scattered (outside study area)





*Portulaca oleracea YSW05 725104 E 7479655 N Scattered



*Setaria verticillata YSW01 726591 E 7481127 N Scattered (outside study area)






Species Study Site Location Estimated cover

*Setaria verticillata YSW08 723672 E 7478842 N Scattered


*Sigesbeckia orientalis YSW08 723672 E 7478842 N Scattered

*Solanum nigrum YSW08 723672 E 7478842 N Scattered

*Tribulus terrestris YSW18S 723790 E 7480771 N Scattered

*Vachellia farnesiana YSW05 725104 E 7479655 N Scattered



YSW19S 724221 E 7478187 N Scattered (outside study area)



Appendix 6

Conservation Significance Assessment Matrix



The assessment of vegetation conservation significance for this study attempted to integrate the following information:

1. the land system/s with which the vegetation sub-associations were most strongly associated. In doing this, the distribution of the land systems through the North-west of WA was gauged as being either widespread or restricted. The occurrence of the land system within the study area in relation to the distribution of that land system as a whole was also taken into account, as the strong regionalisation in floristic composition shown in floristic analyses to date suggests that outlying occurrences of a land system can be expected to support floristic types that are not typical of the overall unit. This information was used to indicate the likely representation in the region of vegetation types linked strongly to particular land systems;

2. other features of the vegetation units defined for the study, including their aerial extent within the study area, occurrence on restricted habitats, capacity to support rare or restricted flora, species richness and condition (health); and

3. reservation priorities of ecosystems as identified by DEC (Kendrick 2001). The features, and the scores ascribed to each, are described in the table below. As the DEC ecosystem reservation priorities are assigned on the basis of Beard’s mapping units, these could not always be linked to a specific vegetation sub-association. These priorities were therefore used in a more general sense to increase the conservation ranking of selected units.

Explanation of features and codes used in the vegetation conservation assessment.

Regional Representation of Land System/s Score

R,O Restricted, and outlier - Land system is restricted to a particular section of the bioregion, and the study area occurs within an outlying occurrence of the land system or at one end of the mapped distribution of the land system

4

R Restricted - Land system is restricted to a particular section of the bioregion

3

W,O Widespread, but outlier - Land system is widespread in the bioregion, but the study area occurs within an outlying occurrence of the land system or at one end of the mapped distribution of the land system

2

W Widespread - Land system occurs broadly across the bioregion 1

Other Key Attributes Increasing Conservation Value Score

C Community is a Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) 5

Community is a Priority Ecological Community (PEC) 3

Community is an “ecosystem at risk” 2

Significant physical feature (e.g. larger creeklines or other drainage features; gorges; sand dunes, where these are uncommon features for the locality) – likely to be at the level of land units within a land system

1

F Known or probable habitat for restricted flora comprising:

DRF / EPBC Act 1999 listed species 3

Priority flora species 2

Other flora of interest 1

A Small area of extent, for example due to occurrence on a minor habitat (e.g. drainage feature or rocky outcrop)

1

S High species richness (above average for the area; based on average species richness per quadrat)

2

H Very Good to Excellent condition stand of this vegetation 1

Other Key Attributes Decreasing Conservation Value Score

D Substantially degraded (eg. by weed invasion, dieback, clearing, heavy grazing)

-3

Maximum score possible 22

Minimum score possible -2



Veg Code Associated Land System/s (regional representation symbol

Other key attributes Increasing Conservation Value

Other key attributes decreasing conservation value

Score based on distribution of land systems

Score from other attributes that increase conservation value

Score from other attributes that decrease conservation value

Overall Score

Perceived Relative Significance

Creeklines EcEvMaMg River (W,O)

Robe (R) C (1), F (2), A (1), H (1)

2.5 5 7.5 High

EvAtuGwRlTErCYpERIt Newman (W) C (1), A (1), H (1)

1 3 4 Low

EvAtuRlTErERItTHt Boolgeeda (W), Newman (W)

C (1), A (1), H (1)

1 3 4 Low

Rocky Hillslopes/crests ElAhiTsps Boolgeeda (W)

Newman (W) H (1) 1 1 2 Low

ElTspsTw Boolgeeda (W) Newman (W) Robe (R)

H (1) 2 1 3 Low

ElAiGwAhiTsps Boolgeeda (W) Newman (W) Robe (R)

H (1) 2 1 3 Low

ElAiTw Boolgeeda (W) Newman (W)

H (1) 1 1 2 Low

ElChAbTw Newman (W) F (3), H (1) 1 4 5 High5 ElAprGwTe River (W,O) F (1) 2 3 Low ChGOrRlAtuGwTHtCYa Newman (W) F (1), H (1) 1 2 3 Low ElGwAdCApAhiTsps McKay (R) H (1) 3 1 4 Low Vegetation of Plains ChHcGwTsps Robe (R) F (1) 3 1 4 Low ChApyTp Boolgeeda (W) F (1), H (1) 1 2 3 Low EgAtuAeTpTsps Boolgeeda (W)

Robe (R) H (1) 2 1 3 Low

GwHcTsps Boolgeeda (W) Newman (W) Robe (R)

F (1), H (1) 2 2 4 Low

ChEgHlAbAdTp Boolgeeda (W) H (1) 1 1 2 Low ElAprGwTe River (W,O) F (1) 2 1 3 Low ElAprAbERfTwTe Boolgeeda (W)

Newman (W) F (2), H (1) 2 3 5 Moderate

5 Conservation value of this vegetation unit is assessed as High as the unit supports the DRF and EPBC Act 1999 listed species, Lepidium catapycnon.



Veg Code Associated Land System/s (regional representation symbol

Other key attributes Increasing Conservation Value

Other key attributes decreasing conservation value

Score based on distribution of land systems

Score from other attributes that increase conservation value

Score from other attributes that decrease conservation value

Overall Score

Perceived Relative Significance

Robe (R) GpERfPTrTe McKay (R)

Robe (R) H (1) 3 1 4 Low

Cube:Current:541 (Yandi Biological 2009):Documents:Flora:Yandi_Methods summaryv2.docx

Biota (n): The living creatures of an area; the flora and fauna together 16 June 2011

Lindy Brand Environmental Approvals Specialist Rio Tinto Pty Ltd Via email Dear Lindy

An Addendum to the Yandicoogina Project Area PER1 (Appendix A-1): Survey Methodology, Rare Flora Searches and Undescribed Taxa

Various flora and vegetation surveys have been conducted in the Yandicoogina project area. This letter provides a summary of these surveys and their methodologies. This letter is intended to support any environmental assessment of the project, in particular to demonstrate compliance with Guidance Statement No. 51 “Terrestrial Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia” (EPA 2004). The main vegetation and flora surveys of the Yandicoogina area span 17 years (1994 to 2010 inclusive) and detailed reports summarising the findings have been produced. These are summarised in Attachment 1. The work was conducted by Mattiske and Associates and Biota Environmental Sciences (Biota), both experienced consultancies with extensive botanical survey experience in the Pilbara bioregion. All of the surveys considered significant flora taxa and included vegetation mapping, in accordance with Guidance Statement No. 51 (EPA 2004). All reports identified survey limitations, appraised existing information and considered regional and local context. The conservation significance of the vegetation types and flora identified were also evaluated as a part of this work, based on the survey data combined with the senior botanists’ knowledge of the vegetation of the locality. The survey effort for the Yandicoogina area is considered extensive and compliant with Guidance Statement No. 51 (EPA 2004). In addition to the main survey work, Rio Tinto has conducted numerous smaller-scale Level 1 surveys2, mainly to support exploration drilling work. A summary map of this survey effort is provided in Attachment 2. Rare Flora Searches Extensive searches for rare flora have been conducted in the Yandicoogina project area. The four main surveys conducted by Biota between 2007 and 2010 included targeted searches for the Declared Rare Flora (DRF) species Lepidium catapycnon, and other flora of conservation significance. In addition to this, all species were recorded within the detailed quadrat recording sites within the main vegetation types. Rio Tinto have also

1 Public Environmental Review 2 Rio Tinto employed botanists have undertaken this work, sometimes with the assistance of consultant botanists for survey, identifications or reporting.

An Addendum to the Yandicoogina Project Area PER (Appendix A-1): Survey Methodology, Rare Flora Searches and Undescribed Taxa

Cube:Current:541 (Yandi Biological 2009):Documents:Flora:Yandi_Methods summaryv2.docx 2

conducted numerous smaller scale surveys, particularly targeting rare flora. These survey areas are shown in Attachment 2 and the records of rare flora detected through the combined survey effort are shown in Attachment 3. The various surveys conducted have detected numerous populations of L. catapycnon, and there may be a case for reducing its DRF conservation status. The preferred habitat for L. catapycnon (hummock grasslands on low stony hills, and occasionally stony plains) has been extensively searched. Populations are unlikely to occur in the lower-lying plain and creekline habitats of the project area. Additional populations of this species may be detected in the locality, but would be spatially removed from the immediate development areas. Survey effort for rare flora is considered adequate, and compliant with Guidance Statement No. 51 (EPA 2004). Undescribed Taxa The undescribed taxa occurring in the Yandicoogina footprint are frequently recorded during routine surveys. There are numerous plant groups in the Pilbara that are poorly resolved and require revision; including Abutilon, Bonamia, Cassia, Corchorus, Eriachne, Euphorbia, Hibiscus, Indigofera and Sida. The undescribed taxa recorded in the Yandicoogina project area are all relatively common in the Pilbara bioregion and are not expected to represent potential Priority species or Declared Rare Flora. Yours sincerely,

Biota Environmental Sciences Pty Ltd

Rachel Warner Botanist Attachment 1: Methodology Summary Table Attachment 2: Survey Effort Attachment 3: Records of Rare Flora

Attachment 1

1 As per Guidance Statement No. 51. 2 The total number of species recorded for the earlier surveys may vary slightly if current taxonomic groupings/nomenclature were applied to the species list, however the

change in overall species numbers would be marginal.

Survey Report Survey Level1

Survey Timing Seasonal Conditions Survey Area Size (ha)

Number of Taxa Recorded2

Number of Sampling Sites Established

No. of Times Sampled (if specified)

Southern Transport Corridor- Yandicoogina Junction Area (Mattiske and Associates 1995a)

2 • January and March, 1994 • February 1995

• Adequate • Adequate

~26,500 392 116

Northern Transport Corridor - Yandicoogina Junction Area (Mattiske and Associates 1995b)

2 • February 1995 • Adequate ~23,300 334 67

Yandicoogina Junction Area (Mattiske 1995c)

2 • January and March, 1994 • February 1995

• Adequate • Adequate

~ 3,700 336 113

Yandi Expansion Vegetation and Flora Survey (Biota 2004)

2 • August/September 2004 • Dry, not optimal 2197 319 39 1

A Flora and Vegetation Survey of the Billiards Deposit, near Yandi (Biota 2009)

2 • June 2007 • July/August 2008 • June 2009

• Adequate • Dry/ Not optimal • Adequate

1503 247 14 2

Vegetation and Flora Surveys of the Oxbow and Junction South West Deposits (Biota 2010)

2 • June 2007 (JSW) • July/August 2008 (JSW & Oxbow) • June 2009 (JSW & Oxbow)

• Adequate • Dry/ Not optimal • Adequate

• 1,459 (JSW) • 726 (Oxbow)

• 242 (JSW) • 225 (Oxbow)

• 13 (JSW) • 11 (Oxbow)

• 2 • 2

Yandicoogina Additional Vegetation Mapping (Biota 2011)

1 • November 2010 • Dry, not optimal 3030 76 - -

The following summarises the approach taken for all surveys, which is consistent with EPA Guidance Statement No. 51:

• Review of existing information (previous reports, land systems mapping, Beard’s vegetation mapping and database searches);

• Review of the adequacy of field survey timing, including the amount of rainfall in the six months prior to the survey/s;

• Detailed methodology employed in conducting rare flora searches and establishing quadrats; and

• Description of any limitations of the assessment. References Biota Environmental Sciences (2004). Yandi Expansion Vegetation and Flora Survey. Unpublished report prepared for Hamersley Iron Pty Ltd.

Biota Environmental Sciences (2009). A Flora and Vegetation Survey of the Yandi Junction South West and Oxbow Deposits. Unpublished report prepared for Rio Tinto Iron Ore.

Biota Environmental Sciences (2010). A Flora and Vegetation Survey of the Yandi Billiard Deposit. Unpublished report prepared for Rio Tinto Iron Ore.

Mattiske and Associates (1995a). Flora and Vegetation - Southern Transport Corridor, Yandicoogina Junction Project Area. Unpublished report prepared for Hamersley Iron Pty Ltd.

Mattiske and Associates (1995b). Flora and Vegetation - Northern Transport Corridor, Yandicoogina Junction Project Area. Unpublished report prepared for Hamersley Iron Pty Ltd.

Mattiske and Associates (1995c). Flora and Vegetation - Yandicoogina Junction Area. Unpublished report prepared for Hamersley Iron Pty Ltd.

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Location Map

KALGOORLIE

PERTH(

Author: R Warner Projection: MGA Z50 (GDA94)Revised: Dwg No.: 595Drawn: P Sawers Scale: 1:75,000Date: 16 Jun 2011

Map Area!

KARRATHA(

Yandi Project AreaRio Tinto Surveys

0 1.5 3

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Yandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER BoundaryYandi PER Boundary

Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)Other Flora and Vegetation Surveys (Level 1)



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Junction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction CentralJunction Central

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BilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliardsBilliards

BHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB YandiBHPB Yandi

Figure 3-7aVegetation and FloraConservation Values

in the Project Area

!0 1 2

kilometres

!

Location Map

KALGOORLIEPERTH

!

Map Area"

KARRATHA!

Author: R Warner

Projection: MGA Z50 (GDA94)Revised: 13 June 2011

Job No.: 595Drawn: A Brown

Scale: 1:80,000Date: 16 Feb 2011

Hills/Ridges/Breakaways

Major Creekline and Tributary

Minor Creeklines, Flowlines and Valleys

Plains

Plain/ low undulating hills

Volcanics

Disturbed

Yandi PER boundary

Conceptual pit outline

Conceptual waste dump outline

Vegetation Groups

Lepidium catapycnon

Eriachne

Themeda

Flora

Rhynchosia bungarensis

ThemedaRostellularia adscendens

Sida

Rhodanthe frenchii

Indigofera

Goodenia nuda

Eucalyptus

Weed

sp.

sp.

sp. Hamersley Rangesp. Barlee Range

var. latifolia

sp.

sp.

DRF

Priority 3

Priority 4

Other

Conceptual topsoil stockpile areas

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Refer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7bRefer to Fig 3-7b