vegetable crops – plsc 451/551 lesson 8, worldwide production systems instructor: stephen l. love...
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Vegetable Crops – PLSC 451/551Lesson 8, Worldwide Production Systems
Instructor:Stephen L. LoveAberdeen R & E Center1693 S 2700WAberdeen, ID 83210Phone: 397-4181 Fax: 397-4311Email: [email protected]
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Production System Categories
Modern Intensive Production
Common to developed countries
Market Garden/Organic ProductionCommon to the US and Europe
Contemporary Subsistence ProductionCommon to 3rd world countries
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Modern Intensive Production
Objective:
Produce vegetable crops for sale and profit
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Modern Intensive Production
Located in developed, politically stable countries
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Modern Intensive Production
Percent corruption – related to stability and amount of intensive agriculture
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Modern Intensive Production
Located where production and market conditions are optimized.
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Modern Intensive Production
Farms centered in rural locales
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Modern Intensive Production
Requires large, contiguous acreage
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Modern Intensive Production
Managed as a rotational monoculture
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Modern Intensive Production
Low species density (plantains)
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Modern Intensive Production
Producers specialize in one or a few crops
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Modern Intensive Production
Cropping practices –
Aimed at production efficiency and profitability (scale)
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Modern Intensive Production
Cropping practices –
Highly mechanized (soil prep, planting, cultivation, harvesting, handling)
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Modern Intensive Production
Cropping practices –
Minimal hired labor
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Modern Intensive Production
Cropping practices –
Employ modern technology and research-based methods
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Modern Intensive Production
Cropping practices –
Incorporates the routine use of fertilizers and pesticides
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Modern Intensive Production
Cropping practices –
Harvest is short-term and scheduled to maximize yield and quality
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Modern Intensive Production
Cropping practices –
Short and long-term storage common
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Modern Intensive Production
Heavily dependent on long-distance tranport
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Modern Intensive Production
Usually mass-marketed through a single wholesale buyer
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Market Garden/Organic Production
Objective:
Produce vegetable crops for profit, supplement personal diet
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Market Garden/Organic Production
Located throughout the world (dedicated organic production is associated with developed countries)
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Commonly in suburban locales with easy access to urban markets
Market Garden/Organic Production
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Requires small to moderate amounts of non-contiguous acreage
Market Garden/Organic Production
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Cropping practices –
Aimed at meeting market preferences
Market Garden/Organic Production
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Production is small-scale monoculture or limited companion planting
Market Garden/Organic Production
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Species density is moderate
Species choice is market-driven
Market Garden/Organic Production
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Management is not crop specific
Minimal crop-based efficiency
Market Garden/Organic Production
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Cropping practices –
Moderately mechanized – soil prep, planting
Market Garden/Organic Production
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Cropping practices –
Moderate to high labor requirements
Market Garden/Organic Production
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Cropping practices –
Utilizes traditional (sustainable) methods
Market Garden/Organic Production
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Cropping practices –
Technology levels range from very low to high
Market Garden/Organic Production
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Cropping practices –
Organic production involves use of approved fertilizer and pesticide products
Market Garden/Organic Production
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Cropping practices –
Harvest timing is market driven and continuous over a set season
Market Garden/Organic Production
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Cropping practices –
Typically involve only short-term, small-scale storage
Market Garden/Organic Production
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Transportation needed only for market delivery
Market Garden/Organic Production
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Produce marketed through many retail and wholesale channels
Market Garden/Organic Production
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Subsistence Production
Objective:
Produce vegetables for personal and family consumption
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Subsistence ProductionPrimarily adopted in developing and 3rd world countries
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Subsistence agriculture is related to poverty levels
Subsistence Production
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Countries high in subsistence agriculture have high rates of hunger and starvation
Subsistence Production
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Family farm in Peru
Subsistence Production
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Dacha in Russia
Subsistence Production
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Family farm in Africa
Subsistence Production
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Located wherever people live – urban and rural
Subsistence Production
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Utilizes land resources available regardless of size, shape, suitability
Subsistence Production
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Production of mixed crops, relay planting, companion crops and often includes animals
Subsistence Production
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Very high species density
Subsistence Production
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Methods not specialized by crop – usually suboptimal for all crops
Subsistence Production
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Cropping practices –
Aimed at providing a continuous supply of food
Subsistence Production
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Cropping practices –
Vertical farming methods employed where land is scarce
Subsistence Production
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Cropping practices –
High labor requirements, provided by family, including children
Subsistence Production
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Cropping practices –
Little or no advanced technology employed – sometimes animal power
Subsistence Production
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Cropping practices –
Fertility provided by recycled animal waste
Subsistence Production
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Cropping practices –
Pesticides used only if available and/or affordable
Subsistence Production
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Cropping practices –
Harvest is continuous where the growing season allows
Subsistence Production
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Cropping practices –
Limited storage capability – ambient conditions (yam storage)
Subsistence Production
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Cropping practices –
Primitive preservation methods used
(making chuno)
Subsistence Production
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Cropping practices –
Primitive preservation methods used
(cassava flour for bread)
Subsistence Production
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Transportation limited – manually powered and public transportation sometimes used
Subsistence Production
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Production Objectives:
Modern Intensive Market Garden Subsistence
Efficiency/Profit Profit/ Consistent
Meet market food supply
demand
Additional Production Comparisons
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Regional Economic Impact:
Modern Intensive Market Garden Subsistence
Very high Moderate to high Low
Additional Production Comparisons
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Reasons for Crop Choice:
Modern Intensive Market Garden Subsistence
Cultural preference/ Local market Dependability/
Market quality demand/ Tradition
Ethnic opportunity
Additional Production Comparisons
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Input Costs:
Modern Intensive Market Garden Subsistence
Very high High Low
Additional Production Comparisons
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Required Financial Assistance:
Modern Intensive Market Garden Subsistence
Long-term credit Credit Little or none
Additional Production Comparisons
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Labor Characteristics:
Modern Intensive Market Garden Subsistence
Full-time/ Family/ Family/
Transient Part-time Neighbors
Additional Production Comparisons
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Labor associated with agricultural development
Subsistence Production
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Labor Skills Required:
Modern Intensive Market Garden Subsistence
Agronomy/ Horticulture Gardening
Agri-business/
Marketing
Additional Production Comparisons
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Space Utilization:
Modern Intensive Market Garden Subsistence
Continuous/ Sporadic/ Continuous/
Intense/ Horizontal/ Horizontal/
Horizontal Vertical Vertical
Additional Production Comparisons