vc101 a beginner s guide to variant configuration
TRANSCRIPT
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VC 101: A Beginner’s Guide to Variant Configuration
Jean-Yves PopovicADELANTE
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What We’ll Cover …
• Introduction• Variant Configuration concepts• Classification• Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists • Object dependencies• Configuration profiles• Simulation• Other topics• Wrap-up
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Why Are We Here?
• If you manufacture complex products, or multi-variant products …
• If you need to offer your customers high levels of customization (configuration) …
• If you can’t possibly keep all possible variants in stock, but you need flexibility and fast reaction to market demand …
• If Sales, Engineering, Planning, and Production are overwhelmed with an enormous amount of data to create and maintain …
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Why Are We Here? (cont.)
• … Then you need to streamline the information flow across your organization using SAP Variant Configuration (VC)
• This session will walk you through the steps of building a simple VC model
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Who Should Use Variant Configuration?
• Example of industries relevant to SAP VC:
Aircraft
Bicycle
Motorcycles
ElevatorSystems
PCs
Pumps
Furniture
ProductComplexity
MassProduction
Automobiles
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What We’ll Cover …
• Introduction• Variant Configuration concepts• Classification• Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists • Object dependencies• Configuration profiles• Simulation• Other topics• Wrap-up
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Why Variant Configuration (VC)?
• Why should VC be used:Example: You operate a SUBWAY® franchise, you run SAP, your pricing and lead time must be based on the exact order (options)The options you’ll be asked for the Italian B.M.T.® are:
- 6”- 12”
BreadLength - pepper
- onion- olive- lettuce- cucumber
Toppings
- vinaigrette- ranch- caesar
Dressing
- Yes- No
Grilled?
- Regular- Italian- Herbs- Oat and
Honey
Bread
(choose exactly one) (choose exactly one) (choose one or none)
(choose exactly one)(choose anycombination)
& & & &
4 2 32 4 2x x x x(any + none) (3 + 1)
= 2,048 variants!!
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Why Variant Configuration (VC)? (cont.)
• In this example (and if there are no other restrictions), your organization would need to create and maintain 2,048 data sets (Material Masters, BOMs, Task Lists, Costing, and Pricing records)!
• Plus:Maintenance: One more dressing option would add 512 new data setsSales Order entry: Which material number to enter?New rules or restrictions (Example: If Italian bread chosen, dressing must be vinaigrette, etc.)
Issue
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VC Concepts and Functionalities
• Process flow:
Sales Quote Prod Order
Purch Order
Sales/Customer Services Engineering Production/Procurement
Order BOM
Sales Order
bodybody
seats
car
bodyinterior
seats dashboard
Super BOM
Op.30
Op.20
car
Op.10
Super Routing
+ +
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VC Concepts and Functionalities (cont.)
• Super-BOM
Italian B.M.T.
Italian Bread
Herbs Bread
Oat & Honey Bread
Cucumber
ORDER # 1234
Bread
Size
Topping
RegularItalianHerbsOat & Honey
6”12”
PepperOnionOliveLettuceCucumber
Item: Italian B.M.T.Qty: 1
Regular Bread
Onion
Olive
Lettuce
Pepper
Yes
Grilled?No
Qty = 1
Qty = 1
Qty = 1
Qty = 1
Qty = 0.5
How does it work? Dependencies!
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VC Concepts and Functionalities (cont.)
• Super Task List (Routing)
Italian B.M.T. Routing
Op.10: Pick and Slice Bread
Op.20: Pick and apply toppings
Op.30: Put in oven and grill
ORDER # 1234
Bread
Size
Topping
RegularItalianHerbsOat & Honey
6”12”
PepperOnionOliveLettuceCucumber
Item: Italian B.M.T.Qty: 1
Yes
Grilled?No
10 sec.
12 sec.
20 sec.
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VC Concepts and Functionalities (cont.)
• Super Task List (Routing) (cont.)
Italian B.M.T. Routing
Op.10: Pick and Slice Bread
Op.20: Pick and apply toppings
Op.30: Put in oven and grill
ORDER # 1234
Bread
Size
Topping
RegularItalianHerbsOat & Honey
6”12”
PepperOnionOliveLettuceCucumber
Item: Italian B.M.T.Qty: 1
Yes
Grilled?No
10 sec.
12 sec.
20 sec.
5 sec.
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VC Concepts and Functionalities (cont.)
• Super Task List (Routing) (cont.)
Italian B.M.T. Routing
Op.10: Pick and Slice Bread
Op.20: Pick and apply toppings
Op.30: Put in oven and grill
ORDER # 1234
Bread
Size
Topping
RegularItalianHerbsOat & Honey
6”12”
PepperOnionOliveLettuceCucumber
Item: Italian B.M.T.Qty: 1
Yes
Grilled?No
12 sec.
20 sec.
5 sec.
8 sec.
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VC Concepts and Functionalities (cont.)
• Super Task List (Routing) (cont.)
Italian B.M.T. Routing
Op.10: Pick and Slice Bread
Op.20: Pick and apply toppings
Op.30: Put in oven and grill
ORDER # 1234
Bread
Size
Topping
RegularItalianHerbsOat & Honey
6”12”
PepperOnionOliveLettuceCucumber
Item: Italian B.M.T.Qty: 1
Yes
Grilled?No
20 sec.
5 sec.
8 sec.
How does it work? Dependencies!
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VC Concepts and Functionalities (cont.)
• Multi-level Bills Of Materials:For more complex products, configuration can be done at any BOM levelCharacteristic values can be passed from any level to any levelPurchase Orders for lower level materials can therefore be configured
car
engine bodyinterior
seats
fabric frame
dashboard
Color = blueColor = blue Production Order
Purchase Order
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VC Concepts and Functionalities (cont.)
• Dimensions (geometrical measures) can be configured and inferred
• Example: Window size: width = (2 x w1) + w23 variables, one equation
Any 2 variables must be assigned values (not all of 3)Last value is inferred*
width
w1 w2
* need to use Constraints
VC Concepts and Functionalities (cont.)
• Price configuration:Pricing in SD (based on conditions) will read the characteristicvalues of a configurable materialPrice is therefore dynamically calculated during configuration in the Sales Order entry screenMore details in “Exploiting Variant Configuration for Use in Advanced Planning and Modeling” session
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Variant Configuration Knowledge Base
Variant Class
Characteristic: Bread Type
RegularItalianHerbs
Desc.: Italian B.M.T.Type: 300
6”
Characteristic: Length
12”
Possible Values:
Possible Values:
Material MasterMaterial Type: KMATDesc.: Italian B.M.T.Variant Class: <Italian B.M.T.>
ConfigurationProfile
Super BOM
Super Routing
Dependencies
Precondition (PC)Selection Condition (SC)Procedures (P)Constraints (C)
Op. 10 …Op. 20 …
Item 10: …Item 20: …
PricingConditions
...
Order BOMBOM explosionUser Interface
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Which SAP Applications Use VC?
• Configurable object typesSales Orders and Production Orders (SD and PP)
Sales Order is configuredOrder BOM (or not)Configuration results passed to Production Order
Maintenance Order (PM)Network Order (PS)Purchase Orders (MM):
Material or Services
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What We’ll Cover …
• Introduction• Variant Configuration concepts• Classification• Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists • Object dependencies• Configuration profiles• Simulation• Other topics• Wrap-up
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Variant Configuration Knowledge Base
Variant Class
Characteristic: Bread Type
RegularItalianHerbs
Desc.: Italian B.M.T.Type: 300
6”
Characteristic: Length
12”
Possible Values:
Possible Values:
Material MasterMaterial Type: KMATDesc.: Italian B.M.T.Variant Class: <Italian B.M.T.>
ConfigurationProfile
Super BOM
Super Routing
Dependencies
Precondition (PC)Selection Condition (SC)Procedures (P)Constraints (C)
Op. 10 ...Op. 20 ...
Item 10: ...Item 20: ...
PricingConditions
...
Order BOMBOM explosionUser Interface
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Classification: Characteristics
• Characteristics are standard SAP Classification objects• They represent the possible “options” you will need to
set when configuring a product• VC is about assigning values to characteristics (value
assignment)Values can also be deducted and/or inherited
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Classification: Characteristics (cont.)
• Example of characteristics and value assignments:[Type of engine]
Possible values: “4 cylinder,” “V6,” “V8”[Length of shaft]
Any value within the range 30–40 CM[Gloss finish?]
“Yes” or “No”[Toppings]
“Pepper,” “Olive,” “Onion,” etc.
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Classification: System Menu
• Variant Configuration menu is in Logistics Central Functions
• Characteristics maintenance: transaction CT04• Classes maintenance: transaction CL02
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Classification: Characteristics
• Characteristics maintenance
FORMAT:Numeric:
Length, weight, etc.May be used for calculationsHas a Unit of Measure
Character: alphanumericNote: other formats (Date, Time Currency) are not allowed in VC
For numeric formats only
Enforces value assignment
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Classification: Characteristics (cont.)
• Allowed values:Specific value(s)Interval(s)
100-200Combinations
<50, 100, 150–180, >= 200
Default Value
Other values can be assigned (format must be respected)
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Classification: Characteristics (cont.)
• Others:
Reference Characteristic: Refer to a table field
Link to a Document (CAD drawing, JPEG picture, Word document, etc.)Values can also be assigned to Documents
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Classification: Reference Characteristics
• Reference Characteristics:Refer to a table field
Example: Characteristic BOM_QTY refers to table-field STPO-MENGE
Two functions:Read information
Example: Read PLANT or CUSTOMER (because value assignment may be dependent on those)
Change field content with dependencies:Change BOM quantity or Operation Duration (based on value assignment)
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Classification: Reference Characteristics (cont.)
STPO: BOM item fieldsPLPO: Operation fields (Routing)PLFH: PRT fieldsPLFL: Sequence fieldsSDCOM: Structure between SD and VCMMCOM: Structure between MM and VC
VBAK: Sales Order header dataVBAP: Sales Order Item dataVBKD: Commercial dataMAEPV: Material Master dataMAAPV: Material Master fieldsVEDA: Contract dataVBPA_XX: Partner tables (sold-to, ship-to, bill-to, payer)
Tables whose field values can be changed by dependencies:
Tables whose field values can be read by dependencies:
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Classification: Classes
• Variant Class:Classes mostly group together characteristicsOne characteristic can be assigned to many classesClasses of class type 300 collect and manage the characteristics to which you assign values in the Sales Order
• Transaction CL02: (create/change/display)
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Classification: Class Maintenance
• Class: Basic Data
• Class: Characteristic assignment
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Classification: Class Maintenance (cont.)
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What We’ll Cover …
• Introduction• Variant Configuration concepts• Classification• Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists • Object dependencies• Configuration profiles• Simulation• Other topics• Wrap-up
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Variant Configuration Knowledge Base
Variant Class
Characteristic: Bread Type
RegularItalianHerbs
Desc.: Italian B.M.T.Type: 300
6”
Characteristic: Length
12”
Possible Values:
Possible Values:
Material MasterMaterial Type: KMATDesc.: Italian B.M.T.Variant Class: <Italian B.M.T.>
ConfigurationProfile
Super BOM
Super Routing
Dependencies
Precondition (PC)Selection Condition (SC)Procedures (P)Constraints (C)
Op. 10 …Op. 20 …
Item 10: …Item 20: …
PricingConditions
...
Order BOMBOM explosionUser Interface
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Master Data: Material Master
• Basic Data view:Configurable Material flag Material Type KMAT has flag set by default
• Classification:Assign variant class
• Sales view: Item Category group (0002 or 0004)• MRP views:
MRP type: not NDLot size: EXStrategy group
• Basic Data 2 view:
• Classification view:
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Master Data: Material Master (cont.)
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Master Data: Material Master (cont.)
• Sales org. 2 view:
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Master Data: BOM
• Super BOM:Regular BOM that contains all possible components for all possible variantsDependencies will act as “filters”
• Item category:L: Stock itemN: Non-stock item (example: next level configurable material)K: Class item (use class type 200)R: Variable-size item
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Master Data: BOM (cont.)
• Transaction CS01/CS02/CS03:
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Master Data: BOM (cont.)
• Class item (category K) (aka Class node)You assign a class (type 200) as a BOM item
Example: Class: COLORCharacteristic: COLORPossible values: Blue, Red, Green
You assign this class to materials (possible components) and classify them:
Material Raw1 BlueMaterial Raw2 RedMaterial Raw3 Green
During value assignment (configuration), you assign a value to this item (example: Red), and the BOM component is determined accordingly
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Master Data: BOM (cont.)
• Class nodes are a simple way to handle some basic product configuration (without using Object Dependencies)
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Master Data: Task List (Routing)
• Super Routing:Same principle as Super BOMRegular routing that contains all possible sequences, operations and PRTs for all possible variantsDependencies will act as “filters”
• Note that dependencies can be assigned to sequences (alternative and parallel), operations, and PRTs
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Master Data: Task List (Routing) (cont.)
• Transaction CA01/CA02/CA03:
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What We’ll Cover …
• Introduction• Variant Configuration concepts• Classification• Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists • Object dependencies• Configuration profiles• Simulation• Other topics• Wrap-up
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Variant Configuration Knowledge Base
Variant Class
Characteristic: Bread Type
RegularItalianHerbs
Desc.: Italian B.M.T.Type: 300
6”
Characteristic: Length
12”
Possible Values:
Possible Values:
Material MasterMaterial Type: KMATDesc.: Italian B.M.T.Variant Class: <Italian B.M.T.>
ConfigurationProfile
Super BOM
Super Routing
Dependencies
Precondition (PC)Selection Condition (SC)Procedures (P)Constraints (C)
Op. 10 ...Op. 20 ...
Item 10: ...Item 20: ...
PricingConditions
...
Order BOMBOM explosionUser Interface
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Object Dependencies
• Precondition:Can a characteristic (or characteristic value) be selected?
• Selection condition:Must a characteristic (or characteristic value) be selected?
• ProceduresInfer values (including to reference characteristics)Recursive, in sequence
• Constraints (see VC Advanced presentation)Infer values, and consistency checkAssigned to configuration profile only
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Object Dependencies: Precondition
• Precondition:Can a characteristic (or char. value) be selected?
• Assigned to:CharacteristicCharacteristic value
• Examples: Characteristic TANDEM_SADDLE appears in the value assignment screen only if BIKE_MODEL = “Tandem”Characteristic value “21 gears” of characteristic GEARS appears only if BIKE_MODEL = “Mountain”
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Object Dependencies: Selection Condition
• Selection Condition:Must a characteristic (or characteristic value) be selected?
• Assigned to:Characteristic valueBOM items, Routing (operation, sub-operation, sequence, PRT)
• Examples: BOM item “Italian bread” selected if BREAD_TYPE = “Italian Bread”Characteristic SPEAKER_TYPE selected only if OPTION = “STEREO System”
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Object Dependencies: Procedures
• ProceduresInfer values (including to reference characteristics)Recursiveness (in sequence), and can be overwritten
• Assigned to:Characteristic and characteristic valuesBOM items (for example, to change the quantity)Routing operations (for example, to change standard values)
• Examples: BOM quantity of BREAD is 0.5 if BREAD_SIZE = 6”Operation “Preparation” is 5 seconds if one topping, 10 seconds if two toppings, etc.Characteristic value of BREAKING_SYSTEM is set to “ABS” if CAR_ENGINE is set to “V6” or “V8”
Object Dependencies: Dependency Editor
• Not ABAP, not a programming language (more like a script)
• Operators: AND, OR, NOT, IF, >, <>, …• Arithmetic expressions:
+ , - , * , /Standard functions: cos, sin, ceil, floor, etc.
• Object variables:$root: refers to header material in a configuration$self: refers to the current object$parent: refers to instance above $self
• Note that ABAP function modules can be called in dependencies as variant functions
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Object Dependencies: Selection Condition
• In our Italian B.M.T. example:Let’s assign Selection Conditions to each of the BOM items:
Double click
Syntax check
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Object Dependencies: Selection Condition (cont.)
• In our Italian B.M.T. example: (cont.)Let’s assign Selection Conditions to Operations:
Double click
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Object Dependencies: Selection Condition (cont.)
• Let’s set the “Pick and Slice bread” operation time to:5 seconds if bread size = 6”20 seconds if bread size = 24”(Else time remains 10 seconds)
• In the routing, operation 10, click on Object Dependency Procedure
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Object Dependency: Recap
Assigned to BOM itemRouting Op.
Characteristic Characteristic Value
Pre-condition
(PC)
Can a characteristic (or char. value) be selected?
N/A Ex.: Char. “Tandem_saddle” appears as selectable only if BIKE_MODEL= “Tandem”
Ex. Value “21 gears” (of char. “GEARS”) appears as selectable only if BIKE_MODEL = “Mountain”
Selection Condition
(SC)
Must a char. (or char. Value) be selected?
Ex.: BOM item “Racing Handlebar” selected if BIKE_MODEL = “Racing”Ex.: Operation “Install Modem” selected if EXTRAS = “Modem”
Ex.: Char. “TANDEM_SADDLE” must be assigned a value if BIKE_MODEL = “Tandem”
N/A
Procedure(P)
Infer values, including reference data (overwrite, recursive)
Ex.: If VERSION = “PC Deluxe,” then there are two DVD Drive (BOM qty)Ex.: If FINISH = “Gloss,”then Op.Time = Op.Time + 10 minutes
Ex.: If Char. ACCESSORIES selected, then BOM quantity of item SHIPPING BOX set to 2.
Ex.: Char. value of char. “BRAKING SYSTEM” is set to “ABS” if ENGINE_TYPE = “V6” or “V8”
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What We’ll Cover …
• Introduction• Variant Configuration concepts• Classification• Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists • Object dependencies• Configuration profiles• Simulation• Other topics• Wrap-up
55
Variant Configuration Knowledge Base
Variant Class
Characteristic: Bread Type
RegularItalianHerbs
Desc.: Italian B.M.T.Type: 300
6”
Characteristic: Length
12”
Possible Values:
Possible Values:
Material MasterMaterial Type: KMATDesc.: Italian B.M.T.Variant Class: <Italian B.M.T.>
ConfigurationProfile
Super BOM
Super Routing
Dependencies
Precondition (PC)Selection Condition (SC)Procedures (P)Constraints (C)
Op. 10..Op. 20 ..
Item 10: ..Item 20: ..
PricingConditions
..
Order BOMBOM explosionUser Interface
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Configuration Profile
• Defines the configuration scenario:PldOrderOrder SetOrder BOMMulti-level configuration
• User Interface design: Allowed screen, default screen
• Availability Checks
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Configuration Profile: Example
• Transactions CU41/CU42/CU43:
Configuration Profile: Example (cont.)
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priority
description class type
Detail screen:
… then SAVENote: More will be covered in the “Exploiting Variant Configuration for Use in Advanced Planning and Modeling” session
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What We’ll Cover …
• Introduction• Variant Configuration concepts• Classification• Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists • Object dependencies• Configuration profiles• Simulation• Other topics• Wrap-up
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Simulation
• Our model is now functional• Transaction CU50 allows us to simulate our
configuration:Value
Assignment(Configuration)
Simulation (cont.)
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Simulation (cont.)
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Simulation (cont.)
RESULT(BOM)
RESULT(Routing)
Italian Bread – QTY = 1Two operationsOp.10 Std Value = 10 sec
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Simulation (cont.)
Back to configuration screen:
24” (double)No grill
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Simulation (cont.)
RESULT(BOM)
RESULT(Routing)
Italian Bread – QTY = 2Op. 20 (grill) not selectedOp. 10 Std Value = 20 sec
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What We’ll Cover …
• Introduction• Variant Configuration concepts• Classification• Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists • Object dependencies• Configuration profiles• Simulation• Other topics• Wrap-up
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Configuration Cockpit
• Transaction PMEVC• One of the difficulties in VC, when modeling, was to
have all the information available at your fingertips (i.e., without having five sessions opened!)
• This cockpit solves that issue: It allows you to navigate through all relevant objects (characteristics, dependencies, … )
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Configuration Cockpit (cont.)
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Other Topics (Addressed in a Subsequent Presentation)
• Variant Pricing (SD, MM)• Material Variants (Type Matching)• More on Object Dependencies
Constraints, Variant Tables • Configuration scenarios:
Order BOMs, Order Set (CU51)Process flow: Sales Order, Engineering, …Multi-level Configuration
• Planning for VCMake-to-Stock? Make-to-Order? Engineer-to-Order? Assemble-to-Order?Planning StrategiesCharacteristics Based planning
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Other Topics (Addressed in a Subsequent Presentation) (cont.)• Engineering Change Management (ECM) and Order
Change Management (OCM)• Technical:
Client managementPerformance issues
• Sales Configuration Engine (SCE) and Internet Pricing and Configuration (IPC)
• Modeling tips• Variant Configuration Project
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What We’ll Cover …
• Introduction• Variant Configuration concepts• Classification• Material Master, BOMs, and Task Lists • Object dependencies• Configuration profiles• Simulation• Other topics• Wrap-up
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Resources
• http://help.sap.comhttp://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/92/58d455417011d189ec0000e81ddfac/frameset.htm
• SAP PLM145 course “Variant Configuration: Modeling and Integration”
7 Key Points to Take Home
• You now understand the working principles of SAP VC, and you are able to build a simple, working model …
• … but you feel that you just touched the tip of the iceberg
• SAP VC is a powerful and flexible tool, and can be quite complex
• SAP VC spans the whole organization (sales, engineering, production, etc.)
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7 Key Points to Take Home (cont.)
• It is obvious that a VC project is not just implementing another module
• There are many ways to make VC work for you, but the goal is to find the optimal way (functionalities, performance, maintenance, etc.)
• You need to learn more … in our next session
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Your Turn!
How to contact me:Jean-Yves Popovic
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