vba excel - draft

CHNGIV:LPTRNHTRNMICROSOFTEXCEL

2. Thanh cng c c rt nhiu thanh cng c khc nhau, mi thanh cng c cha cc nt lnh trc quan hoc cc la chn dng thc hin mt nhm chc nng no trong chng trnh. 3. Thanh cng thc bao gm cha a ch ca hin hnh v cha ni dung ca hin hnh. 4. Workbook l mt tp ti liu ca Excel. Mi Workbook cha nhiu bng tnh (Worksheet) v cc d liu m rng khc. Ti mi thi im ch c mt worksheet hin hnh. 5. Worksheet l loi ti liu chnh trong tp ti liu ca Excel, mi worksheet cha cc tnh (cell) c t chc thnh cc hng v ct.

1.3. Kh nng m rng ca ExcelMicrosoft Excel l mt chng trnh x l bng tnh rt mnh, c th gii quyt hu ht cc bi ton t n gin n phc tp bng nhng tnh nng sn c trong chng trnh. Tuy vy, vic lp trnh m rng trn Excel vn lun c cp n, khng nhng ch vi mc ch l lp trnh to thm nhng tnh nng mi cho Excel m cn kt hp cc tnh nng sn c ca chng trnh Excel gii quyt nhng vn mang tnh chuyn bit ho cao. B chng trnh D Ton l mt v d c th cho vic lp trnh m rng trn Excel. Cc bi ton chuyn bit v tnh ton d ton cng trnh c gii quyt mt cch d dng da trn s kt hp gia cc hm c sn trong Excel v mt s tnh nng v c s d liu. Vic lp trnh m rng Excel c th c thc hin theo nhiu cch khc nhau, nhng n gin nht c th k n nhng cch sau: Lp trnh m rng thng qua mi trng lp trnh VBAIDE c tch hp sn trong Microsfot Excel. Theo cch ny, ngi s dng c th lp trnh m rng Excel mt cch nhanh chng v d dng vi ngn ng lp trnh VB. Cc ng dng c to ra theo cch ny gn lin vi tp ti liu ca Excel. Lp trnh m rng thng qua b cng c lp trnh Visual Studio Tools for Office (VSTO) trong b cng c pht trin phn mm Microsoft Visual Studio. Theo cch ny, ngi s dng c th lp trnh to ra cc ng dng chuyn nghip dng Add-in (ng dng b sung trong Excel) bng cc ngn ng c h tr trong Microsoft Visual Studio. ng dng m rng dng ny c lu tr tch bit vi tp ti liu ca Excel nn rt d dng phn phi. Vi nhng u im vn c ca VBA, vic lp trnh m rng Excel trong ton b ti liu ny s c thc hin da trn mi trng lp trnh VBAIDE. khi ng VBAIDE, t ca s chnh ca chng trnh Microsoft Excel, ta chn trnh n Tools Macro Visual Basic Editor, hoc c th s dng t hp phm ALT+F11.

2. MacroCch tt nht lm quen vi vic lp trnh trn Excel chnh l s dng Macro v tm hiu cch thc hot ng ca Macro.

2.1. Macro l g?Khi lm vic trong Excel, i lc gp phi nhng tnh hung m ngi s dng phi lp i lp li rt nhiu thao tc thc hin cc nhim v tng t nhau. iu ny rt d dn n s nhm chn trong cng vic. Khi , ta nn ngh ngay n vic s dng Macro c th gi gn tt c cc thao tc y ch trong mt thao tc duy nht. Macro l tp hp cc lnh v hm c lu tr trong mt mun m lnh ca VBA nhm thc hin mt nhim v no . Macro c th c to bng cch thu Macro t Excel, hoc ngi dng c th t vit cc on m lnh thc hin cc thao tc tng ng. Sau khi to c Macro, mi khi thc thi Macro, tt c cc thao c lu trong Macro s c thc hin.

Macro thc cht l mt chng trnh con dng th tc (Sub) vi t kho Public. Tuy nhin, khc vi cc th tc khc, Macro l th tc khng c tham s. Chnh v vy, tt c cc th tc vi t kho Public khng c tham s u c xem l Macro v s c hin th trong trnh qun l Macro. V d sau s minh ho r iu nySub Macro() Public Sub Macro () Private Sub Macro() Th tc Sub Macro(Input as Double) Public Function Macro() as Double Macro Macro vi t kho Private, khng phi Macro Th tc c tham s, khng phi Macro Hm, khng phi Macro

2.2. To Macro2.2.1. To Macro theo kch bn Cch thc to Macro d dng nht chnh l to Macro theo kch bn. Theo cch ny, ngi s dng s chun b trc tt c cc thao tc s thc hin, khi bt u to, ngi dng s ln lt thc hin cc thao tc , Excel s ghi nhn cc thao tc v t ng chuyn tng thao tc thnh cc on m lnh VBA tng ng, on m lnh ny s c lu trong m-un. Nu trong qu trnh thu macro, ngi s dng thc hin b li v sa li li , th ton b nhng thao tc sa li cng c ghi nhn. V d sau s tin hnh thu macro c nhim v nh dng mt bng d liu vi nh dng nh sau: Tiu Ni dung Ni dung Tiu Ni dung Ni dung Tiu Ni dung Ni dung Tiu Ni dung Ni dung

ToMacrotheokchbndngnhdngbngdliu: 1. Chn vng d liu cn nh dng, v d vng A1:D5. 2. Trong trnh n Tools, chn Macro Record New Macro hin th hp thoi Record Macro.

Hnh: Hp thoi Record Macro. 3. Trong mc Macro name, nhp tn ca Macro, v d l Macro1. 4. Nu mun thc thi macro bng cch nhn phm tt, nhp mt ch ci thng thng vo Shortcut Key. Sau , thc thi macro, ta ch cn nhn t hp phm CTRL+Ch ci (vi ch vit thng) hoc CTRL+SHIFT+Ch ci (vi ch vit hoa). Ch ci t lm phm tt


khng c php l s hay cc k t c bit nh @ hoc #. Nu phm tt ny trng vi cc phm tt c th nhng phm tt c s b v hiu ho, v d l L. 5. Trong mc Store Macro In, chn ni s lu tr macro. Nu mun macro c th s dng c ngay mi khi s dng Excel, ta chn vo mc Personal Macro Workbook. Trong v d ny, chn This Workbook.CH Nu ngi dng to mt Macro kh hu dng v mun dng li nhiu ln th nn chn lu Macro trong Personal Macro Workbook. Tp bng tnh ny c tn l mt tp bng tnh n c tn l Personal.xls, c lu trong th mc Xlstart. Mi khi khi ng Excel, tp bng tnh ny cng s c t ng ti ln. Mc nh, tp Personal.xls khng tn ti cho n khi ngi dng to Macro v Macro vo Personal Macro Workbook.

6. Nhp cc thng tin vo mc Description nu cn m t thm v macro ny. 7. Chn OK.CH Trong qu trnh to Macro kch bn, nu mun lu a ch tng i so vi , chn vo biu

hin hnh, ta lm nh sau: trn thanh cng c Stop Recording

. K t thi im y, a ch s c lu tng i so vi tng Relative Reference hin hnh cho n khi thot khi Excel hoc chn mt ln na vo biu tng Relative Reference .

8. Thc hin cc thao tc m sau ny s c lp li khi Macro kch bn thc thi. a. nh dng cc ng k cho bng d liu: Chn trnh n Format Cells Border nh dng cc ng k cho bng d liu. Chn th

b. nh dng dng tiu ca bng d liu: Chn dng u tin ca bng d liu Chn trnh n Format Cells Chn th Font chn Font Style l Bold Chn th Partern Chn mu xm. 9. Trn thanh cng c Stop Recording, nhn chut vo biu tng Stop Recording thnh vic to Macro theo kch bn. hon

Sau khi kt thc qu trnh to Macro theo kch bn, Excel s t ng pht sinh mt on m lnh nh sau:Sub Macro1() ' Tn Macro ' ' Macro1 Macro ' Macro recorded 6/10/2007 by TTH ' ' Keyboard Shortcut: Ctrl+Shift+L Phm tt ca Macro ' Selection.Borders(xlDiagonalDown).LineStyle = xlNone Selection.Borders(xlDiagonalUp).LineStyle = xlNone With Selection.Borders(xlEdgeLeft) .LineStyle = xlContinuous .Weight = xlMedium .ColorIndex = xlAutomatic End With With Selection.Borders(xlEdgeTop) .LineStyle = xlContinuous .Weight = xlMedium .ColorIndex = xlAutomatic End With With Selection.Borders(xlEdgeBottom)

.LineStyle = xlContinuous .Weight = xlMedium .ColorIndex = xlAutomatic End With With Selection.Borders(xlEdgeRight) .LineStyle = xlContinuous .Weight = xlMedium .ColorIndex = xlAutomatic End With With Selection.Borders(xlInsideVertical) .LineStyle = xlContinuous .Weight = xlThin .ColorIndex = xlAutomatic End With With Selection.Borders(xlInsideHorizontal) .LineStyle = xlContinuous .Weight = xlThin .ColorIndex = xlAutomatic End With ActiveWindow.SmallScroll Down:=-6 Range("A1:D1").Select ' La chn hng tiu With Selection.Font ' Phng ch cho hng tiu .Name = "Arial" .FontStyle = "Bold" .Size = 10 .Strikethrough = False .Superscript = False .Subscript = False .OutlineFont = False .Shadow = False .Underline = xlUnderlineStyleNone .ColorIndex = xlAutomatic End With With Selection.Interior ' T mu cho hng tiu .ColorIndex = 48 .Pattern = xlSolid .PatternColorIndex = xlAutomatic End With End Sub ' Kt thc Macro

on m trn c thm vo mt vi dng ghi ch lm r hn tng phn ca Macro, mi ghi ch bt u bng du ' . 2.2.2. To Macro s dng Microsoft Visual Basic for Application Ngoi cch to Macro theo kch bn cn c th to Macro bng cch trc tip vit m lnh trong VBAIDE. Theo cch ny, ngi s dng phi t vit m lnh thc hin cc thao tc mong mun. Thc t trong khi to Macro theo kch bn, khng phi tt c cc thao tc u c th thc hin c. khc phc nhc im ny, ngi s dng phi tin hnh vit cc on m lnh ring thc hin cc thao tc . V d sau minh ho cch thc to mt Macro s dng VBA. Ni dung ca Macro l tin hnh nh dng li phng ch cho vng tnh ang c la chn trong bng tnh: thay i tn phng ch thnh Time News Roman, kiu ch thnh Italic, kch c ch 11. ToMacrosdngVBAIDE 1. Trong mn hnh chnh ca Excel, chn trnh n Tools Macro Visual Basic Editor.


2. Trong mn hnh ca VBAIDE va c hin th, chn trnh n Insert Module. 3. G on m lnh sau vo trong ca s m lnh:Sub Dinh_dang() With Selection.Font .Name = "Times New Roman" .FontStyle = "Italic" .Size = 11 End With End Sub

4. Sau khi g xong on m lnh, chn trnh n File Close and Return to Microsoft Excel tr v mn hnh chnh ca Excel.CH Mi Macro u c mt tn ring v tn ny l duy nht trong mt ti liu Excel.

2.3. Qun l MacroNhm to iu kin thun li cho ngi s dng trong khi lm vic vi Macro, chng trnh Excel tch hp sn mt trnh qun l Macro. hin th trnh qun l Macro, chn trnh n Tools Macro Macros hoc nhn t hp phm ALT+F8.

Hnh: Trnh qun l Macro Trong ca s Macro, cc Macro c to theo kch bn hoc bng VBAIDE c trong phin lm vic hin ti ca Excel s c hin th trong mt danh sch. Tt c cc thao tc qun l Macro s c thc hin d dng. bt u mt thao tc no , trc ht cn phi chn Macro c trong danh sch: thc thi Macro (chy Macro): kch chut vo nt Run. hiu chnh Macro: kch chut vo nt Edit, ca s lnh trong VBAIDE cha cc m lnh ca Macro c chn s c hin th ngi s dng c thay i m lnh trong Macro . xo Macro: kch chut vo nt Delete, Macro c chn s c xo c trong danh sch Macro v m lnh ca Macro .

Kch chut vo nt Options s hin th hp thoi la chn, cho php ngi s dng thit lp li phm tt hoc thay i m t cho Macro c chn.

Hnh: Hp thoi Macro Options.

2.4. S dng MacroVic s dng cc Macro c to, thc cht l thc thi cc on m lnh cu thnh Macro, c th c thc hin theo nhiu cch khc nhau: Thc thi bng cch dng phm tt gn cho Macro; Thc thi Macro theo cch thng qua trnh qun l Macro; Thc thi Macro trc tip t VBAIDE; Thc thi bng cch nhn chut vo mt nt lnh hay mt iu khin ho; Thc thi bng cch nhn chut vo mt i tng ho; Thc thi thng qua nt lnh trn thanh cng c; Thc thi thng qua mc trn thanh trnh n. Chi tit v cc cch thc thi Macro xin tm hiu thm trong ti liu Microsoft Office Excel Help c ci t sn cng Excel. y ch trnh by cch thc thi Macro theo mt s cch thng thng. 2.4.1. Thc thi Macro bng phm tt Trong qu trnh to Macro theo kch bn, ngi s dng c th gn mt phm tt cho Macro . V thc thi Macro, ngi dng ch cn nhn t hp phm tt gn cho Macro. Trong v d phn To Macro theo kch bn trang 10, Macro c gn mt t hp phm tt l CTRL+SHIFT+L, do vy, thc thi Macro ny, ngi s dng ch cn chn vng d liu nh dng bng, sau nhn t hp phm CTRL+SHIFT+L. i vi Macro c to bng cch s dng VBAIDE, ngi dng ch c th to phm tt cho Macro thng qua trnh qun l Macro. Chi tit tham kho phn Qun l Macro trang 13. 2.4.2. Thc thi Macro thng qua trnh qun l Macro Chi tit tham kho phn Qun l Macro trang 13. 2.4.3. Thc thi Macro trc tip t VBAIDE Cch thc thi Macro trc tip t VBAIDE rt thch hp khi ngi s dng mun th nghim ngay Macro ang c to. thc thi Macro no trong VBAIDE, cn thc hin nh sau: 1. Trong ca s m lnh ca VBAIDE, t con tr vo gia khi Sub End Sub. 2. Nhn phm F5 hoc chn biu tng trn thanh cng c.


Hnh: Thc thi Macro trc tip t VBAIDE Trong trng hp ngi s dng khng t con tr gia, mt anh sch cc Macro hin ln ngi dng la chn thc thi Macro cn thit.

2.5. Hiu chnh MacroKhi Macro c to ra cha p ng nhu cu th ngi s dng thng c nhu cu thay i m lnh ca Macro . Qu trnh hiu chnh Macro c thc hin thng qua VBAIDE. hiu chnh Macro, ta c th dng trnh qun l Macro (xem mc Qun l Macro trang 13) hoc truy cp trc tip trong VBAIDE.

2.6. Vn an ton khi s dng MacroDo Macro l nhng on m lnh c th t ng thc thi v c th cha virus gy nguy him cho my tnh ca ngi dng. Chnh v vy, Excel s dng c ch bo v my tnh chng li nguy c ly nhim virus thng qua Macro. C ch ny c th c iu chnh thng qua cc mc an ninh khc nhau: Very High High Medium LowGI Mc an ninh ca Excel c th c thit lp bng cch chn trnh n Tools Macro Security

Thng thng, khi s dng Excel vi cc tp c cha Macro, nn t mc an ninh Medium. mc ny, Excel s yu cu ngi dng xc thc xem cc on m lnh trong tp bng tnh c phi t ngun tin cy hay khng.

Hnh: Hp thoi cnh bo an ninh ca Excel Nu ngi dng chn Enable Macros, cc Macro cha trong workbook s c php thc thi. Nu ngi dng chn Disable Macros, cc Macro cha trong workbook vn tn ti trong workbook nhng khng th thc thi c.

3. Xy dng hm mi trong Excel3.1. Khi nim v hm trong ExcelHm l nhng cng thc c nh ngha sn trong Excel thc hin tnh ton da trn cc s liu u vo, gi l tham s, theo mt trnh t c lp trnh sn nhm thc hin cc php tnh t n gin n phc tp. hiu r hn v cu trc ca mt hm, ta tm hiu v hm ROUND c sn trong Excel, l hm dng lm trn s:

1. Cu trc. Mt hm bt u bng du bng =, tip sau l tn hm, du ngoc n (, danh sch cc tham s cch nhau bng du phy , v cui cng l du ngoc n ). 2. Tn hm. n phm SHIFT+F3 hin th danh sch tt c cc hm trong Excel. 3. Cc tham s. Tham s c th l s, ch, gi tr logic nh TRUE hoc FALSE, mng, gi tr li nh #NA, hoc tham chiu n mt khc. Tham s truyn vo phi c kiu thch hp vi kiu ca tng tham s tng ng ca hm. Tham s truyn vo c th l mt hng s, cng thc, hoc l mt hm bt k. 4. Ch thch hm. Ch thch hm dng th hin cu trc v danh sch cc tham s ca hm, hin ln khi ta nhp vo tn hm. Ch thch hm ch xut hin i vi nhng hm c xy dng sn trong Excel.

3.2. To hm mi bng VBA3.2.1. Ti sao phi dng hm? Ngoi vic cho php to Macro, VBA cn cho php ngi s dng to thm cc hm mi trong Excel. Khc vi Macro, hm trong VBA thng tr v mt gi tr hoc mt ma trn no , tng t nh hm ca Excel v cc hm c sn trong VBA. Hm trong VBA c th c s dng trong hai trng hp: S dng nh mt hm s dng trong cc chng trnh con ca VBA S dng nh mt hm c sn trong cc bng tnh


V nh vy, thc cht, hm trong VBA c th c s dng bt k ni no c th dng c hm c sn ca Excel v VBA. Mt cu hi t ra l vi hn 300 hm c sn trong Excel cng vi cc hm c sn trong VBA, ti sao li cn phi to ra hm mi? Cu tr li rt n gin: n gin ho cng vic. Vi mt cht sng to, ngi dng c th to thm cc hm mi phc v cho nhng nhu cu ca mnh. Khng phi lc no cc hm c sn cng c th gii quyt c cng vic ca ngi dng, hoc c th gii quyt c nhng phi thng qua rt nhiu hm khc nhau hoc thc hin theo mt cch rt phc tp. Thay vo , ngi dng c th to ra mt hm mi m nhn nhim v ny. Hm mi ny c th c cch thc tnh ton hon mi, hoc cng c th ch l vic tp hp li cc hm sn c to thnh mt hm n gin hn. Cng n gin, cng d hiu, d nh v d s dng. Ly v d nh trong Excel, c cung cp mt b cng c c tn l Lookup. B cng c ny cho php ngi s dng tin hnh tra bng 2 chiu mt cch d dng. Nhng vic tra bng v ni suy khng th thc hin c nh b cng c ny. V th, ngi s dng s ngh ngay n vic s dng VBA to ra mt b cng c mi dng tra bng v ni suy 2 chiu. y s l mt cng c tt phc v cho qu trnh tnh ton, nht l i vi ngnh cng trnh. 3.2.2. Cu trc hm Thc cht, hm l mt chng trnh con dng Function. Khc vi Macro, hm l chng trnh con c gi tr tr v v c th c tham s. Khi to hm mi, ngi s dng cn phi tun th theo dng thc khai bo nh sau:[Public/Private] Function Tn_hm([DSch_tham_s])[as kiu_d_liu] [Cu_lnh] [Tn_hm = biu_thc] [Exit Function] [Cu_lnh] [Tn_hm = biu_thc] End Function

Trong :Public: (tu chn) l t kho biu th phm vi ca hm, hm c th c s dng bt k

u trong tt c cc d n VBA hin c. Khi c t kho Public, tn hm s c hin th trong danh sch hm ca Excel.Private: (tu chn) l t kho biu th phm vi ca hm, hm ch c th c s dng

bn trong m-un c cha hm . Khi c t kho Private, tn hm s khng c hin th trong danh sch hm ca Excel, nhng ngi s dng vn c th dng hm ny trong bng tnh mt cch bnh thng.CH Nu khng khai bo phm vi cho hm (t kho Public/Private), th mc nh, hm s c phm vi tng ng l Public.

Function: (bt buc) l t kho bo hiu bt u mt hm. Tn_hm: (bt buc) l tn ca hm, cch t tn hm tng t nh cch t tn ca bin.

Tn_hm s c s dng nh l bin trong ton b hm, khi hm kt thc gi tr tr v ca hm chnh l gi tr gn cho bin Tn_hm.Danh_sch_tham_s: (tu chn) l danh sch cc tham s u vo ca hm. Cc tham s

c phn cch vi nhau bng du phy.

Kiu_d_liu: (tu chn) quy nh kiu gi tr tr v ca hm. Nu khng quy nh kiu d liu, hm s c kiu d liu mc nh l Variant. Exit Function: (tu chn) l cu lnh dng kt thc hm ngay lp tc (cho d pha

sau cu lnh ny vn cn cc khi lnh khc).End Function: (bt buc) l t kho bo hiu kt thc mt hm.

3.2.3. To hm mi minh ho r hn cch thc to hm mi, ly v d to mt hm rt n gin: hm tnh din tch hnh ch nht. Hm ny c tn l Dien_tich, vi hai tham s u vo l chiu rng v chiu cao. Kiu d liu ca cc tham s l kiu s thc v gi tr tr v ca hm cng l kiu s thc. to mt hm mi, thc hin theo cc bc sau: 1. Khi ng VBAIDE. Trong trnh n Tools, chn mc Macro Visual Basic Editor; 2. Trong trnh n Insert, chn mc Module to mt m-un mi, ni s cha hm do ngi dng nh ngha. 3. Trong trnh n Insert, chn mc Procedure hin th hp thoi Add Procedure. Sau in tn hm vo mc Name, chn kiu chng trnh con l Function v phm vi l Public. Cui cng chn OK;

Hnh: Hp thoi Add Procedure. 4. Chng trnh s t ng pht sinh on m lnh nh sau:Public Function Dien_Tich() End Function

5. Thay on m lnh trn bng on m lnh sau:Public Function Dien_Tich(Rong As Double, Cao As Double) As Double Hm tnh din tch hnh ch nht Dien_Tich = Rong * Cao End Function


6. Trong trnh n File, chn mc Close and Return to Microsoft Excel quay tr v mn hnh chnh ca Excel; 7. Lc ny, hm m ta va xy dng, c tn l Dien_Tich, c th c s dng bnh thng nh cc hm khc ca Excel.

Hnh: S dng hm mi trong Excel.CH Cc bc to hm mi cng tng t nh cc bc to Macro phn trc. Tuy nhin, do hm cn phi c gi tr tr v nn khi khai bo kiu chng trnh con cho hm, ngi dng cn phi chn l Function (khc vi khi to Macro, phi chn l Sub).

Thng thng cc hm u khng n gin nh th ny, y ch l mt on v d rt n gin nhm minh ho cch thc to hm v cu trc ca hm. hiu r hn v hm, ta cng xem li on m trn:Public Function Dien_Tich(Rong As Double, Cao As Double) As Double Hm tnh din tch hnh ch nht Dien_Tich = Rong * Cao End Function

dng u tin, c bt u bng t kho Public, do vy tn hm s c hin th trong danh sch hm trong Excel. Tip sau l t kho Function (ch khng phi l Sub nh Macro) v tn hm, Dien_Tich. Hm c hai tham s, nm gia hai du ngoc n, l Rong v Cao, v u c kiu s thc. T kho As Double cui xc nh kiu tr v ca hm Dien_Tich l kiu s thc. dng th 2, n gin ch l mt dng ch thch v c bt u bng du phy trn (). dng th 3, gi tr ca hm c tnh da trn hai tham s u vo l Rong v Cao. Hm c kt thc bng cu lnh End Function.CH Khi xy dng hm mi, cn phi ch s khc bit gia hm gi t cc chng trnh con trong VBA v hm s dng trong bng tnh. Cc hm s dng trong bng tnh mang tnh b ng, tc l khng th thao tc trn cc vng d liu hoc thay i ni dung no trong bng tnh. Nu ngi dng c to mt hm trong c thay i nh dng ca mt , nh mu nn chng hn, th nhng hm nh vy khng thc hin c, v hm s lun tr v gi tr li. Nh vy, khi to hm mi cn ghi nh: Hm ch n gin l tr v mt gi tr no ; Hm khng th thc hin thao tc lm thay i i tng.

3.3. Hm tr v liTrong mt s trng hp, hm c th s phi tr v mt gi tr li no . lm r hn iu ny, ly v d hm phn loi sinh vin.Function PhanLoai(DiemTB) As String If (DiemTB >= 5) Then PhanLoai = "Do" Exit Function End If If (DiemTB < 5) Then PhanLoai = "Truot" Exit Function End If End Function

Hm ny ly tham s u vo phn loi l im trung bnh ca sinh vin thng qua bin DiemTB vi thang im 10. Hm s tr v gi tr kiu chui: nu im trung bnh ln hn hoc bng 5, v ngc li l Trt. Tuy nhin, vi nhng trng hp im trung bnh, v mt l do no , c nhp vo gi tr nh hn 0 hoc ln hn 10 th hm vn tr v thng bo Trt hoc . Nh vy l khng hp l. Trong nhng trng hp , cn phi tr v thng bo cho ngi s dng bit l khng th p dng hm vi im trung bnh nh vy. Nh vy, hm s c thay i li nh sau:Function PhanLoai(DiemTB) As String If (DiemTB < 0) Or (DiemTB > 10) Then PhanLoai = #N/A Exit Function End If If (DiemTB >= 5) Then PhanLoai = "Do" Exit Function End If If (DiemTB < 5) Then PhanLoai = "Truot" Exit Function End If End Function

V nh vy, k t lc ny, mi khi v tnh nhp cc gi tr im khng thch hp, hm s tr v mt thng bo li l #N/A. Mc d trng rt ging li trong Excel, nhng thc cht y vn ch l mt chui thng thng. tr v gi tr li thc s, VBA cung cp thm mt hm tn l CVErr, hm ny s chuyn i mt s thnh mt gi tr li tng ng. Vi gi tr li thc s nh th, tt c nhng hm c tham chiu cha gi tr li cng s tr v gi tr li nh th. V nh vy, ngi dng ch cn thay i cu lnh PhanLoai = #N/A bng cu lnh PhanLoai = CVErr(xlErrNA). Cn lu l kiu tr v ca hm CVErr l kiu Variant, do vy cng cn phi thay i kiu gi tr tr v ca hm l Variant. Hm s c hiu chnh li nh sau:Function PhanLoai(DiemTB) As Variant If (DiemTB < 0) Or (DiemTB > 10) Then PhanLoai = CVErr(xlErrNA) Exit Function

CHNGIV:LPTRNHTRNMICROSOFTEXCELEnd If If (DiemTB >= 5) Then PhanLoai = "Do" Exit Function End If If (DiemTB < 5) Then PhanLoai = "Truot" Exit Function End If End FunctionCH s dng hm tr v thng bo li, c s dng hm CVErr, ngi dng phi khai bo kiu d liu tr v ca hm l kiu Variant.

V nh vy, mi khi gi tr u vo khng ng, hm s tr v gi tr li, gip ngi s dng c th nhn ra v sa li kp thi.

Hnh: Hm tr v li Trong on m lnh trn, tr v thng bo li #N/A th tham s ca hm CVErr phi l hng s xlErrNA. C rt nhiu gi tr li khc nhau, mi gi tr li c mt hng s tng ng. Bng di y s lit k mt s thng bo li cng nh cc hng s tng ng trong VBA. Bng: Cc gi tr li trong Excel Gi tr li#DIV/0! #N/A #NAME?

Hng sxlErrDiv0 xlErrNA xlErrName

Gii thchCng thc c chia mt s cho 0. Li ny cng pht sinh khi chia cho mt trng. Li ny biu th d liu khng c. Hm c tn m Excel khng th nhn dng c. Thng xy ra khi nhp tn hm sai, hoc thay i tn hm nhng cha cp nht trong bng tnh. Gi tr rng, chng hn nh tm giao ca hai vng khng giao nhau. C vn vi gi tr no . V d nh ngi dng nhp vo s m, trong khi ch chp nhn s dng. Tham chiu n khng tn ti. iu ny thng xy ra khi b xo khi bng tnh. Hm c cha tham s hoc cng thc khng ph hp v kiu d liu

#NULL! #NUM! #REF! #VALUE!

xlErrNull xlErrNum xlErrRef xlErrValue

4. Add-in v Phn phi cc ng dng m rngMt tnh nng rt hu ch cho ngi lp trnh trong Excel l kh nng to Add-In. Phn ny s trnh by nhng li ch khi s dng Add-In, cch thc to v s dng Add-In.

4.1. Khi nim v Add-InAdd-In l mt chng trnh gn thm vo Excel nhm b sung thm tnh nng cho Excel. Thng thng, cc tp cha Add-In c phn m rng l XLA v cng c cu trc tng t nh cc workbook ca Excel. So vi cc ng dng trong tp XLS ca Excel, vic s dng Add-In c mt s u im sau: n gin ho vic s dng hm. i vi cc hm lu trong Add-In, khi s dng khng cn phi thm tn workbook pha trc tn hm. Ly v d nh ngi dng to mt hm c tn l MOVAVG trong workbook c tn l Newfuncs.xls. Khi mun s dng hm trong mt workbook khc, ngi dng phi s dng hm vi cch thc nh sau: =Newfuncs.xls!MOVAVG(A1:A50) Nhng nu hm c lu trong mt Add-In ang c m trong Excel, ngi dng khng cn phi thm tn Add-In hay tn workbook trc tn hm na, ch n gin l s dng tn hm m thi: =MOVAVG(A1:A50) n gin ho qu trnh m ng dng. Mi Add-In sau khi c ci t s c t ng m mi khi bt u khi ng chng trnh Excel. Hn na, hp thoi cnh bo an ninh ca Excel s khng xut hin (xem mc Vn an ton khi s dng Macro trang 15), trnh gy ra s lng tng cho nhng ngi dng cha c kinh nghim. Trnh gy ra s bi ri cho ngi dng. Nu ngi s dng ti Add-In vo, cc sheet trong Add-In s khng c hin th, trnh gy ra s ri rm cho nhng ngi dng cha c kinh nghim. Ngn chn vic truy cp vo m lnh. Khi phn phi ng dng dng Add-In c t ch bo mt bng mt khu, ngi dng khng th xem hoc thay i m lnh ca ng dng. iu ny trnh c vic sao chp m lnh ca chng trnh.

4.2. Trnh qun l Add-InVic qun l cc Add-In trong Excel c thc hin rt n gin thng qua trnh qun l AddIn. hin th trnh qun l Add-In, chn trnh n Tools Add-Ins


Hnh: Trnh qun l Add-In ti/d ti Add-In trong Excel: kch chut vo hp kim bn tri tn ca Add-In. m mt Add-In: chn nt lnh Browse Chn Add-In cn m.

GI Thng thng, tp Add-In s c phn m rng l XLA v c lu tr trong th mc %UserProfile%\Application Data\Microsoft\AddIns.

4.3. To Add-InNhn chung, vic to Add-In c thc hin rt d dng bng cch chuyn t workbook thng thng sang dng Add-In. ng nhin, khng phi workbook no cng thch hp chuyn thnh Add-In. Nhn chung, workbook thch hp nht chuyn thnh Add-In l workbook c cha m lnh. Mt workbook nu ch cha worksheet th c th s khng th s dng c khi chuyn thnh Add-In, bi l tt c cc sheet trong workbook s b n i khi c chuyn thnh Add-In. Vic to Add-In t mt workbook thng thng c thc hin rt d dng, c th thc hin theo cc bc sau: 1. Vit m lnh cho workbook nh bnh thng, m bo tt c cc m lnh u c th thc hin bnh thng m khng c li xy ra. Nn nh l to giao din sao cho ngi dng c th truy cp v s dng c cc tnh nng trong Add-In. Mt cch thc hin vic ny l to mt trnh n mi cho Add-In, trong y c cha cc mc trnh n tng ng vi cc tnh nng ca ng dng. Chi tit v cch to trnh n, xem mc To menu tu bin trang 81. 2. Kim tra ng dng bng cch thc thi khi ang kch hot mt workbook khc. iu ny m phng c tnh hung nh khi workbook c chuyn thnh Add-In, bi l bn thn Add-In khng hin th cc sheet m lc ny tt c cc thao tc u thc hin trn cc sheet ca workbook khc. 3. Nu khng mun ngi khc xem c m lnh ca ng dng th thc hin bc ny: t mt khu bo v. Kch hot VBAIDE chn workbook tng ng trong ca s Project. Chn trnh n Tools xxx Properties (xxx l tn D n VBA), sau chn th

Protection. Tch vo Lock project for viewing, v nhp vo mt khu (2 ln) OK.

chn

Hnh: Hp thoi Project Properties 4. Kch hot li Excel, chn trnh n File Properties, sau chn th Summary. Nhp vo cc thng tin cho Add-In hin th trong trnh qun l Add-In. Mc Title s l tn ca Add-In, nu khng nhp vo mc ny, tn ca Add-In s l tn tp Add-In. Mc Comments s l phn m t v Add-In. 5. Chn trnh n File Save As 6. Trong hp thoi Save As, chn Microsoft Excel add-in (*.xla) trong danh sch x xung mc Save as type.

Hnh: Hp thoi Save As 7. Chn Save. Mt bn sao ca workbook c lu (vi phn m rng l *.xla), v tp XLS cha workbook vn cn gi nguyn trong Excel.

CHNGIV:LPTRNHTRNMICROSOFTEXCELCH Mt workbook khi c chuyn thnh Add-In phi c t nht mt worksheet. Chng hn nh khi mt workbook ch cha Chart Sheet hoc Dialog Sheet, th la chn Microsoft Excel add-in (*.xla) s khng xut hin trong mc Save as type trong hp thoi Save As. La chn ny ch xut hin khi c mt worksheet c chn lc chn trnh n File Save As.

Sau khi to Add-In, cn phi lu gi li workbook ngun c th hiu chnh m lnh v cc d liu khc sau ny. Cn phi lm iu ny v tp Add-In khng th c chuyn i ngc li thnh workbook.

4.4. Phn phi v Ci t Add-InVic phn phi cc Add-In c thc hin rt n gin, ch cn sao chp tp *.xla n cc my khc, sau ci t cc Add-In thng qua trnh qun l Add-In trong Excel. ci t Add-In, thc hin theo cc bc sau: 1. Trong Excel, chn trnh n Tools Add-Ins hin th trnh qun l Add-In chn OK. Tn ca 2. Chn nt Browse, sau tr n tp Add-In cn ci t trong Excel Add-In s c hin th trong trnh qun l Add-In.

3. Chn OK ln na chp nhn ci t Add-In. Gi y, ngi dng c th s dng tt c cc tnh nng c trong Add-In va c ci t.

5. H thng cc i tng trong Excelim khc bit ca lp trnh trn Excel so vi vic lp trnh trn cc ng dng khc chnh l vic thc hin cc thao tc nhm tc ng trc tip n cc thnh phn trong chng trnh Excel thng qua cc cu lnh c b sung trong mi trng lp trnh. V vy, c th to ra cc ng dng trn nn Excel, ngi dng cn phi hiu r thnh phn cng nh cch thao tc trn h thng cc thnh phn ca Excel.

5.1. M hnh i tng trong Excel to ci nhn tng quan cho ngi lp trnh, Microsoft cung cp m hnh i tng s dng trong Microsoft Excel. Nh c m hnh i tng ny m ngi lp trnh c th hiu r cu trc h thng i tng trong Excel, tm c ng i tng khi cn thc hin mt thao tc no . M hnh i tng y c trnh by trong ti liu hng dn ca Excel. y xin c gii thiu li m hnh i tng s lc vi mt s i tng thng c s dng trong lp trnh trn Microsoft Excel.

Application

Workbooks

Workbook

Worksheets Rows Worksheet Columns Range Ch gii: Tp i tng i tng

Cells

Mi i tng (Object), cng ging nh mt vt th, u c nhng tnh cht v nhng hnh vi c trng cho tng i tng. Trong lp trnh, tnh cht ca i tng c biu din thng qua khi nim thuc tnh, cn hnh vi c biu din thng qua khi nim phng thc. Chng hn nh i tng Application, l i tng th hin cho chng trnh Excel, c thuc tnh Caption cha tiu ca chng trnh Excel v phng thc Quit dng thot khi chng trnh Excel. truy cp n cc thnh phn (phng thc, thuc tnh, ) ca i tng, ta s dng du chm (.). V d sau thc hin phng thc Quit thot khi Excel nh cp trn:i tng Th nh ph n

Application.QuitDu chm

Cutrcphncpitng i tng Application (chnh l ng dng Microsoft Excel) cha nhiu i tng khc, chng hn nh: Workbooks (tp i tng cha tt c cc i tng Workbook ti liu Excel) Windows (tp i tng cha tt c cc i tng Window - cc ca s trong Excel) AddIns (tp i tng cha tt c cc i tng Add-in) Cc i tng cng c th cha cc i tng khc. Tp i tng Workbooks cha tt c cc i tng Workbook ang m, v mi i tng Workbook cha cc i tng khc nh: Worksheets (tp i tng cha cc i tng Worksheet) Charts (tp i tng cha cc i tng Chart) n lt mnh, cc i tng trn cng c th cha nhiu i tng khc na. Mt i tng Worksheet trong tp i tng Worksheets c th cha cc i tng khc na, chng hn nh:


ChartObjects (tp i tng cha tt c i tng ChartObject biu trong Excel) Range PageSetup C nh vy, ngi lp trnh c th truy cp n tng thnh phn ca chng trnh Excel thng qua h thng phn cp cc i tng trong Excel. TpitngCollection Mt khi nim rt quan trng trong lp trnh VBA l khi nim tp i tng (hay Collection). Tp i tng l mt nhm cc i tng cng lp vi nhau (v ng nhin, bn thn tp i tng cng l mt i tng). Chng hn nh tp i tng Workbooks cha tt c cc i tng Workbook ang c m hay tp i tng Worksheets cha tt c cc Worksheet trong mt Workbook no . Ngi lp trnh c th thao tc trn ton b cc i tng c trong tp i tng hoc c th trn mt i tng ring l trong tp i tng . tham chiu n mt i tng ring l trong tp i tng, c th tham chiu s dng tn ca i tng theo cch sau:Worksheets(Sheet1)

Nu Sheet1 l sheet u tin trong tp i tng Worksheet, ta cn c th tham chiu da trn s th t ca i tng theo cch sau:Worksheets(1)

Tng t, tham chiu n i tng th 2 trong tp i tng, s dng Worksheets(2), Mi tp i tng c cc phng thc dng thao tc trn chnh tp i tng . Cc phng thc ny rt khc nhau trn cc tp i tng khc nhau. V vy, ngi lp trnh c th s dng Object Browser tm hiu v cc phng thc trong tp i tng.

5.2. Mt s i tng c bn trong ExcelH thng i tng trong Excel rt a dng, mi thnh phn trong chng trnh Excel u c biu din thng qua mt i tng no . Phn ny s gii thiu chi tit v cc i tng v tp i tng chnh trong Excel thng qua vic gii thiu cc phng thc/thuc tnh ca i tng v m lnh tng ng. 5.2.1. i tng Application i tng Application c hiu l ton b chng trnh Excel m ngi dng ang lm vic trn . Mi ln chy chng trnh Excel l mt i tng Application s c to ra. Application l i tng cao nht trong cy phn cp i tng trong Excel. Vic truy cp n cc i tng khc, cn phi c thc hin thng qua i tng Application. i tng Application c cha nhiu thit lp cho ng dng (chng hn nh cc la chn trong trnh n Tools Options) v rt nhiu i tng trong ng dng (chng hn nh cc ti liu ang c m - Workbooks, hay bng tnh hin hnh -ActiveSheet). Vic to mi mt i tng Application tng ng vi vic khi ng chng trnh Excel. Do , khi ng Excel t mi trng lp trnh khc vi VBA trong Excel, ngi lp trnh phi vit on m lnh to mi mt i tng Application. on m lnh sau s khi ng chng trnh Excel t chng trnh ngoi v m mt workbook trong ExcelSet xl = CreateObject("Excel.Application") xl.Workbooks.Open "newbook.xls" Khi ng Excel M mt Workbook

Di y s gii thiu cc phng thc, thuc tnh thng c s dng trong i tng Application. ActiveCell Thuc tnh ActiveCell th hin cho hin thnh trong bng tnh Excel. Kiu d liu ca ActiveCell l kiu Range. Ngi dng c th truy cp n a ch ca hin hnh bng cch truy cp thm vo mt cp na trong cy phn cp i tng, l thuc tnh Address:MsgBox Application.ActiveCell.Address

on m trn hin th a ch ca hin hnh theo dng a ch tuyt i, chng hn nh $A$6. Cn lu l thuc tnh Address ch tr v a ch ca , ch khng phi a ch y bao gm c tn sheet v workbook. ActivePrinter Thuc tnh ActivePrinter cha tn ca my in hin hnh. Kiu d liu ca thuc tnh ActivePrinter l kiu String. on m sau hin th tn ca my in hin hnh:MsgBox Application.ActivePrinter

Thuc tnh ny rt c ch khi hin th cho ngi dng thng tin v my in hin hnh trong qu trnh in mt bng tnh no . ActiveSheet Thuc tnh ny tr v i tng cha sheet hin hnh ang c hin th trong Excel. Trong Excel c nhiu loi sheet khc nhau, chi tit xem thm mc i tng Workbook trang 31. V do vy, kiu d liu tr v ca thuc tnh ny ph thuc vo loi sheet ang c la chn. on m sau s hin th kiu ca sheet hin hnh bng cch s dng hm TypeName, hm tr v kiu d liu ca bin:MsgBox TypeName(Application.ActiveSheet)

ActiveWindow Thuc tnh ny tr v i tng cha ca s hin hnh, nu khng ca s no c m th s tr v gi tr Nothing. Kiu d liu ca thuc tnh ny l Window. on m sau s thu nh ca s hin hnh thng qua thuc tnh WindowState:Application.ActiveWindow.WindowState = xlMinimized

ActiveWorkbook

Thuc tnh ny tr v i tng cha workbook nm trong ca s hin hnh, nu khng c ca s no c m hoc ca s l ca s khng cha workbook (nh ca s Info, Clipboard,...) th s tr v gi tr Nothing. Kiu d liu ca thuc tnh ny l Workbook. on m lnh sau s hin th nn ca workbook hin hnh:MsgBox Application.ActiveWorkbook.Name

Thuc tnh ActiveWorkbook v ActiveWindow rt d nhm ln vi nhau. Thot nhn, mi workbook cng ging nh mt ca s trong Excel, nhng thc cht khng phi vy. r hn s khc bit gia workbook v ca s, ta to thm mt ca s mi bng cch chn trnh n Window New Window. Ca s mi c to c ni dung ging nh ca s ban u, nhng ngi dng c th la chn nhng vng khc nhau trn hai ca s (mc d c hai ca s u l


th hin ca cng mt workbook). V nh vy, mi mt workbook c th c th hin bng nhiu ca s khc nhau, nhng mi mt ca s ch th hin c mt workbook m thi. AddIns L tp i tng cha tt c cc add-in ang c ti vo trong Excel. on m lnh sau s ln lt hin th tn ca tt c cc add-in, bao gm c ng dn:Sub Hien_thi_Add_in() Dim MyAddin As AddIn For Each MyAddin In Application.AddIns MsgBox MyAddin.FullName Next MyAddin End Sub

Calculate L phng thc thc hin qu trnh tnh ton li trn ton b sheet, ging nh khi nhn phm F9.Application.Calculate

Calculation L thuc tnh dng thit lp ch thc hin tnh ton trong chng trnh Excel. Cc gi tr c th gn cho thuc tnh ny l xlCalculationAutomatic (tnh t ng), xlCalculationManual (tnh th cng) v xlCalculationSemiautomatic (tnh bn t ng tnh t ng ngoi tr phn bng). V d on m sau chuyn ch tnh thnh bn t ng:Application.Calculation= xlCalculationSemiautomatic

iu ny tng ng vi vic chn trnh n Tools Options, chn th Calculation v chn la chn Automatic except tables. Ch tnh mc nh trong Excel l ch tnh t ng. Tuy nhin, i vi nhng bng tnh c khi lng tnh ton ln, nu ch tnh t ng th mi ln thay i s liu l mt ln thc hin tnh ton. Trong nhng trng hp nh vy, nn chuyn sang ch th cng, sau tin hnh thay i s liu tnh ton. Sau khi thay i xong cc s liu th mi tin hnh tnh ton mt ln cui. Caption L thuc tnh dng cha tiu ca chng trnh Excel. Kiu d liu ca thuc tnh ny l String. on m sau s thay i tiu ca chng trnh Excel:Application.Caption = "Chuong Trinh EXCEL"

V y l kt qu thc thi on m trn

Mun thit lp li gi tr mc nh (Microsoft Excel), ch cn gn gi tr ca Caption=

ColumnsvRows L hai tp i tng th hin tt c cc ct v cc hng trong sheet hin hnh, ta c th s dng truy cp mt ct hoc mt hng no . on m sau s chn ton b ct C:Application.Columns(3).Select

Cn on m sau s chn ton b hng th 9:Application.Rows(9).Select

Dialogs Dialogs l tp i tng cha tt c cc hp thoi c nh ngha sn trong Excel. Chi tit v tp i tng ny, tham kho mc Cc hp thoi mc nh trong Excel Tp i tng Dialogs trang 73. Help Phng thc ny hin th tp tr gip do ngi dng ch nh.Application.Help "C:\Program Files\" & _ "Microsoft Office\OFFICE11\1033\VBAXL10.CHM"

Nu khng ch ra tp tr gip, phng thc ny s hin th tp tr gip mc nh trong Excel. Quit Phng thc ny s ng chng trnh Excel li, ging nh khi la chn trnh n File Exit. Chng trnh s nhc ngi dng lu li cc tp cha c lu.Application.Quit

RecentFiles RecentFiles l tp i tng lu gi nhng tp m sau cng nht trong Excel. Mi i tng trong tp i tng RecentFiles c kiu d liu l RecentFile. V d sau s hin th ln lt tn ca cc tp m sau cng nht trong Excel:Public Sub RecentFile() Dim myRecentFile As RecentFile For Each myRecentFile In Application.RecentFiles MsgBox myRecentFile.Path Next myRecentFile End Sub

Selection Thuc tnh ny th hin cho i tng ang c chn trong Excel. Kiu d liu tr v ca thuc tnh ny tu thuc vo i tng c chn. Nu i tng chn l cc , biu , hoc mt ng thng th kiu d liu tr v tng ng s l Range, ChartArea, Line... V vy trong qu trnh lp trnh, cn phi ch kim tra kiu d liu tr v ca thuc tnh ny c cc thao tc hp l, trnh li xy ra trong qu trnh thc thi chng trnh. V d sau s hin th a ch ca cc ang c chn trong Excel:Dim mySelection As Variant Set mySelection = Selection

CHNGIV:LPTRNHTRNMICROSOFTEXCELIf TypeName(mySelection) = "Range" Then Kim tra kiu d liu MsgBox mySelection.Address Else MsgBox "i tng c chn khng phi kiu Range" End If

Sheets Sheets l tp i tng cha tt c cc sheet c trong workbook hin hnh, gm c 4 loi sheet: worksheet, chart sheet, macro sheet v dialog sheet. on macro sau s hin th tn v kiu ca tt c cc sheet c trong workbook hin hnh:Sub Sheets() Dim mySheet As Variant For Each mySheet In Application.Sheets MsgBox mySheet.Name & " - " & TypeName(mySheet) Next mySheet End Sub

ThisWorkbook Thuc tnh ny tr v i tng th hin cho workbook hin hnh, ni ang thc hin macro. Kiu d liu ca thuc tnh ny l Workbook. Undo Phng thc ny s khi phc li cc thao tc trc trong Excel. Thao tc ny tng t nh khi chn trnh n Edit Undo trong Excel.Application.UndoCH Khi truy cp n mt i tng thuc mt i tng khc, nu khng ch r tham chiu i tng th i c tham chiu s l i tng hin hnh. V d nh nu mun truy cp vo A1 ca Sheet1 ca workbook hin hnh, thay v s dng cu lnh ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets(Sheet1).Range(A1) ch cn dng cu lnh Worksheets(Sheet1).Range(A1). Hoc nu s dng cu lnh Range(A1).Select th A1 ca sheet hin hnh s c chn.

5.2.2. i tng Workbook Workbook l mt i tng ph bin trong Excel. Hu ht tt c cc thao tc trn Excel u c thc hin trn mt workbook no . Trong mi phin lm vic ca Excel c th c rt nhiu workbook c m, v vic truy cp n mt workbook no s c thc hin thng qua tp i tng Workbooks, da trn tn hoc ch s ca cc workbook, ch s ny ph thuc vo trnh t m/to workbook. Ngoi ra, ngi lp trnh cn c th truy xut n workbook hin hnh thng qua i tng ActiveWorkbook. to mi mt workbook, s dng phng thc Add c trong tp i tng Workbooks:Workbooks.Add To mi mt Workbook

Mi workbook trong Excel c th cha nhiu sheet khc nhau (tu thuc vo dung lng b nh). C 4 loi sheet khc nhau: Worksheet: y l loi sheet ph bin nht, l loi sheet thc hin vic tnh ton v thao tc chnh trong Excel. Mi sheet bao gm 256 ct v 65536 hng to thnh h thng cc cha d liu. Ngoi ra, trn mi worksheet cn th cha cc i tng khc nh biu , cc i tng ho, cc iu khin,

Chart sheet: mi chart sheet thng ch cha mt biu . Thng thng, ngi dng thch s dng biu nhng trong worksheet hn l s dng biu trong mt chart sheet ring bit. Tuy nhin, chart sheet li gip cho vic b tr v in n biu thc hin d dng hn XLM macro sheets (cn gi l MS Excel 4 macro sheet, l loi sheet li thi, nhng vn cn h tr): dng cha cc macro XLM. XLM macro sheet cng c cha cc d liu nhng ch hin th cng thc ch khng hin th kt qu tnh. XLM ( li thi, nhng vn cn c h tr) Dialog sheets ( li thi, nhng vn cn h tr): l ni cha cc hp thoi tu bin do ngi dng t to (ging nh Userform trong VBA). Cc phng thc v thuc tnh thng c s dng cho i tng workbook Activate Phng thc ny s kch hot mt workbook trong tp i tng Workbooks thnh workbook hin hnh, v sheet hin hnh ca workbook s c kch hot lm sheet hin hnh trong Excel. kch hot workbook c tn book1, thc hin nh sau:Workbooks(Book1).Activate

Cn kch hot workbook u tin trong excel, thc hin nh sau:Workbooks(1).Activate

ActiveSheet Thuc tnh ny tham chiu n sheet hin hnh ca workbook. Kiu d liu tr v ca thuc tnh ny tu thuc vo kiu sheet hin hnh.Trong i tng Application cng c thuc tnh ActiveSheet, nhng thuc tnh ny l sheet hin hnh ca workbook hin hnh, ngha l ni c con tr ang hot ng. Cn thuc tnh ActiveSheet ca i tng Workbook ch l sheet hin hnh trong phm vi workbook m thi. Nu workbook cng l workbook hin hnh th thuc tnh ActiveSheet ca i tng Application v ca i tng Workbook l nh nhau. on m lnh sau hin th tn ca sheet hin hnh ca workbook tn l Book1:MsgBox Workbooks(Book1).ActiveSheet.Name

Close Phng thc ny s ng workbook ging nh khi s dng trnh n File Close trong Excel. Ngoi ra cn c cc tham s tu chn khc phc v cho vic lu tr tp.Workbooks(Book1).Close ([SaveChanges],[Filename])

Trong ngha ca cc tham s nh sau:SaveChanges: tham s tu chn. Bng TRUE nu mun lu tt c cc thay i, v bng FALSE nu ch mun ng workbook m khng lu. Nu b qua, tu chn ny th phng

thc ny s ging hon ton nh khi ta chn trnh n File Close.Filenam: tham s tu chn. S lu tp s dng tn cha trong Filename.

PrintOut Phng thc ny in sheet hin hnh ca workbook ra my in.

CHNGIV:LPTRNHTRNMICROSOFTEXCELWorkbooks(1).PrintOut

Phng thc ny cn c rt nhiu tham s khc na, tt c u l tham s tu chn:From: s th t trang bt u in, nu b qua th s in t u. To: s th t trang cui cng c in, nu b qua th s in n trang cui cng. Copies: s bn sao khi in ra, nu b qua th ch in mt bn. Preview: nu bng TRUE, Excel s hin th ca s xem trc khi in. Nu bng FALSE, hoc b qua, th s in trc tip. ActivePrinter: thit lp tn cho my in hin hnh. PrintToFile: nu bng TRUE s in ra tp. Trong trng hp , nu khng gn gi tr cho tham s PrToFileName, Excel s hin th hp thoi ngi dng nhp vo tn tp. Collate: nu bng TRUE v s bn sao ln hn 1, Excel s sp xp cc bn in thnh tng tp hon thin. PrToFileName: nu tham s PrinToFile gn bng TRUE th tham s ny s thit lp tn

tp in ra. PrintPreview Phng thc ny s hin th ch xem trc khi in cho sheet hin hnh ca workbook tham chiu.Workbooks(1).PrintPreview

SavevSaveAs Cc phng thc ny s lu workbook, thng thng s c thc thi trc khi ng workbook. Phng thc Save s lu nhng thay i vo workbook c. Cn phng thc SaveAs s lu mt bn sao ca workbook vi tn tp mi. on m sau s lu workbook c tn Book1 v sau lu workbook c tn l Book3 vi tn mi l MyFile.xls:Workbooks(Book1).Save Workbooks(Book3).SaveAs C:\MyFile.xls

Saved Thuc tnh ny tr v gi tr TRUE nu workbook c lu, v ngc li l FALSE. on m sau s hin th trng thi lu ca workbook:MsgBox Workbooks(1).Saved

Sheets Tp i tng Sheets cng ging nh tp i tng Sheets c cp trong i tng Application (xem li mc Sheets trang 31). Tuy nhin, tp i tng sheets ca workbook tham chiu n trc tip n cc sheet trong workbook , cn tp i tng sheets ca i tng Application li tham chiu n cc sheet trong workbook hin hnh. Windows Windows l tp i tng cha tt c cc ca s c trong i tng Workbook. Chi tit v tp i tng Windows, xem thm mc i tng Window trang 34. Worksheets

Worksheets l tp i tng cha tt c cc worksheet c trong i tng Workbook. Chi tit v tp i tng Worksheets, xem thm mc i tng Worksheet trang 36. 5.2.3. i tng Window i tng Window th hin cho mt ca s bn trong ng dng Excel. Nh c cp, i tng Window rt d nhm ln vi i tng Workbook. Thot nhn, mi workbook cng ging nh mt ca s trong Excel, nhng thc cht khng phi vy. r hn s khc bit gia i tng workbook v i tng window, ta to thm mt ca s mi bng cch chn trnh n Window New Window. Ca s mi c to c ni dung ging nh ca s ban u, nhng ngi dng c th lm vic trn hai ca s ny ging nh khi lm vic trn 2 workbook ring bit (mc d c hai ca s u l th hin ca cng mt workbook). ng nhin, s thay i ca s ny s c t ng cp nhp trong cc ca s cn li. V nh vy, mi mt workbook c th c th hin bng nhiu ca s khc nhau, nhng mi mt ca s ch th hin c mt workbook m thi. truy xut n mt i tng trong tp i tng Windows, ngi dng c th truy cp theo tn hoc theo th t ca ca s. truy xut n ca s c tiu l Book1 (l dng ch xut hin trn thanh tiu ca ca s), ta s dng cu trc sau:Windows(Book1)

truy xut n ca s th 2 trong tp i tng Windows, ta s dng cu trc sau:Windows(2)

S th t ca mt ca s l khng c nh m thay i tu theo s ca s hin th v s thay i ca ca s hin hnh. Ca s hin hnh lun c th t l l. Di y l cc phng thc v thuc tnh thng s dng trong i tng Window: Activate,ActivateNextvActivatePrevious Cc phng thc ny dng kch hot mt ca s no trong tp i tng Windows. Activate, ActivateNext v ActivatePrevious dng kch hot ca s c ch nh, ca s tip theo v ca s trc ca ca s c ch nh. on m sau s kch hot ca s tn l Book1, sau s kch hot ca s nm pha trc ca ca s Book1.Windows("Book1").Activate Windows("Book1").ActivatePrevious

ActiveCell Thuc tnh ny tham chiu n hin hnh, l c con tr ang hot ng, trong i tng Window. on m sau s hin th a ch ca hin hnh trong ca s th 2 trong tp i tng Windows:MsgBox Windows(2).ActiveCell.Address

ActiveSheet Thuc tnh ny tham chiu n sheet hin hnh ca workbook ang xt. Caption Thuc tnh ny cha ni dung ghi trn thanh tiu ca ca s. on m sau s thay i dng tiu ca ca s hin hnh:

CHNGIV:LPTRNHTRNMICROSOFTEXCELActiveWindow.Caption = MyWindow

Close Close l hm thc hin ng ca s ang xt. Hm ny tr v gi tr TRUE nu ng c ca s, v tr v gi tr FALSE nu ca s khng c ng. Hm ny cng cha cc tham s tu chn khc, chi tit xem thm phng thc Close ca i tng Workbook trang 32. Ccthuctnhvhinth i tng Window c cha nhiu thuc tnh thit lp cc la chn v hin th trong ca s nh sau: Thuc tnhDisplayFormulas DisplayGridlines DisplayHeadings DisplayHorizontalScrollBar DisplayOutline DisplayRightToLeft DisplayVerticalScrollBar DisplayWorkbookTabs DisplayZeros

Gii thchTRUE: tt c cc s hin th cng thc ch khng phi gi tr TRUE: hin th cc ng li bn trong ca s TRUE: hin th thanh th hin v tr ca ct v hng TRUE: hin th thanh cun ngang TRUE: hin th thanh th hin Outline TRUE: hin th trt t ct tng dn t phi sang tri. Mc nh l FALSE TRUE: hin th thanh cun ng TRUE: hin th th cha cc sheet trong workbook FALSE: cc c gi tr bng 0 s khng hin th

on m sau s n i th cha cc sheet trong workbook hin hnh:ActiveWindow.DisplayWorkbookTabs = False

NewWindow Phng thc ny s to mt ca s mi da trn ca s ang c tham chiu ging nh khi chn trnh n Window New Window trong Excel vy.ActiveWindow.NewWindow

RangeSelection Thuc tnh ny tham chiu n vng ang c chn trong ca s c tham chiu. Kiu d liu ca thuc tnh ny l Range. on m sau s hin th a ch ca vng c chn trong ca s hin hnh:MsgBox ActiveWindow.RangeSelection.Address

Gi tr hin th c th dng a ch tuyt i ca mt - $C$3, hoc mt vng chn $B$10:$D$12. SelectedSheets

SelectedSheets l tp i tng cha tt c cc sheet ang c ngi dng la chn. Kiu d liu ca thuc tnh ny l Sheets, v th tt c cc thao tc trn tp i tng SelectedSheets cng ging nh trn tp i tng Sheets WindowState Thuc tnh ny lu tr trng thi ca i tng Window. C 3 trng thi ca i tng Window nh sau: Trng thi i tng WindowCa s c phng i ton mn hnh Ca s c thu nh Ca s trng thi thng thng

Gi tr ca thuc tnhxlMaximized xlMinimized xlNormal

on m sau s thu nh ca s hin hnh:ActiveWindow.WindowState = xlMinimized

Zoom Thuc tnh ny dng thit lp ch phng i cho cho ca s, ging nh khi ta s dng trnh n View Zoom trong Excel. on m sau s phng i ca s hin hnh ln 120%:ActiveWindow.Zoom = 120GI Trong Excel, thu/phng ca s, ch cn nhn phm CTRL + cun phm gia ca chut.

5.2.4. i tng Worksheet i tng Worksheet th hin cho mt worksheet trong mt workbook. y l i tng rt ph bin trong excel, hu ht cc thao tc u c tin hnh trong mt worksheet.CH Worksheet ch l mt trong nhiu dng sheet ca mt workbook. Chi tit v cc loi sheet trong Excel, xem thm mc i tng Workbook trang 31.

Trong cy phn cp i tng, i tng Worksheet nm sau tp i tng Worksheets ca i tng Workbook. V vy, cc i tng Worksheet u c truy cp thng qua tp i tng Worksheets. Tng t nh i vi i tng Window, mi i tng Worksheet u c truy cp thng qua tp i tng Worksheets bng tn ca worksheet hoc theo th t ca worksheet. Tuy nhin, th t ca worksheet xc nh rt d dng theo trt t xut hin trn th cha cc sheet.

Hnh: Th t ca Worksheet Trong minh ho trn, v tr th 2 l ca Chart sheet nn khng c tnh trong th t ca cc worksheet. to mt worksheet mi, s dng phng thc Add c trong tp i tng Worksheets.Worksheets.Add


Di y l cc phng thc v thuc tnh ph bin trong i tng worksheet. Calculate Trong trng ch tnh ton ca Excel c thit lp thnh Manual (xem thm mc Calculation trang 29), phng thc ny bt u thc hin qu trnh tnh ton cho ton b worksheet c tham chiu.Worksheets(Sheet1).Calculate

Comments L tp i tng cha tt c cc ch thch1 c trong worksheet ang c tham chiu. Kiu d liu tr v l kiu Comment. on m sau s hin th ni dung ca tt c cc ch thch c trong sheet hin hnh:Dim myComment As Comment For Each myComment In Worksheets(Sheet1).Comments MsgBox myComment.Text Next myComment

Delete Phng thc ny s xo worksheet c tham chiu, ging nh khi chn trnh n Edit Delete Sheet trong Excel. on m sau s xo worksheet tn l Sheet3:Worksheets(Sheet3).Delete

Name Thuc tnh ny tr v tn ca worksheet ging nh c hin th trn th cha cc sheet trong workbook. PrintOutvPrintPreview Nhng phng thc ny dng thc hin in hoc xem trc khi in mt worksheet. Chi tit v cc tham s cho phng thc PrintOut, xem li mc i tng Workbook - PrintOut trang 32.Worksheets(Sheet2).PrintOut PrintPreview:=True Worksheets(Sheet3).PrintPreview In, c xem trc Xem trc khi in

ProtectvUnprotect Phng thc Protect s bt ch bo v cho worksheet ging nh khi chn t trnh n Tools Protection Protect Sheet trong Excel. Nu cn to mt khu yu cu ngi dng nhp mi khi tt ch bo v, ngi dng c th nhp thm vo tham s chui k t cha mt khu trong phng thc ProtectWorksheets(Sheet2).Protect Worksheets(Sheet2).Protect Password:="Excel" Bt ch bo v Bo v, c mt khu

Phng thc Unprotect s tt ch bo v ca worksheet. i vi nhng worksheet c bo v bng mt khu, cn phi truyn thm tham s l chui k t cha mt khu tt ch bo

1

Ch thch l mt on vn bn gn thm vo mt no . on vn bn ny c hin ln mi khi ngi dng di chut trn . no c ch thch th s c thm biu tng hnh tam gic mu gc trn bn phi ca . to ch thich cho mt , chn trnh n Insert Comment trong Excel.

v; nu khng truyn tham s mt khu, mt hp thoi s c hin ln ngi s dng nhp vo mt khu.Worksheets(Sheet2).Unprotect Password:="Excel" Tt ch bo v

Range y l thuc tnh rt quan trng trong lp trnh trn Excel. Thuc tnh ny s c trnh by r hn trong mc i tng Range trang 38. Select Phng thc ny s chn worksheet tham chiu lm worksheet hin hnh, tng t nh khi chn worksheet trn th cha cc sheet ca workbook.Worksheets(Sheet2).Select Chn Sheet2 lm sheet hin hnh

SetBackgroundPicture Phng thc ny s chn mt nh lm nh nn cho worksheet, ging nh khi chn trnh n Format Sheet Background trong Excel. Tham s bt buc phi nhp vo l tn tp ho dng lm nh nn, bao gm c ng dn y . Nu mun xo nh nn, ch cn nhp tham s tn tp ho bng rng.Worksheets(Sheet1).SetBackgroundPicture "C:\MyPicture.jpg" Worksheets(Sheet1).SetBackgroundPicture "" Xo nh nn

Visible Thuc tnh ny thit lp s hin th ca worksheet, bng TRUE nu worksheet c hin th. Vic thay i gi tr ca thuc tnh ny cng tng t nh khi chn t trnh n Format Sheet Hide/Unhide trong Excel.Worksheets(Sheet1).Visible = False Worksheets(Sheet1).Visible = True n Sheet1 Hin th li Sheet1

5.2.5. i tng Range i tng Range tham chiu n mt hoc mt vng d liu trn bng tnh. y l i tng ph bin nht trong Excel, bi hu ht cc tng tc vi Excel u c thc hin da trn cc v vng d liu. Vi i tng Range, ngi lp trnh khng ch tc ng ln mt ring l m cn c th tc ng ln nhiu cng mt lc. ThamchiunitngRange Vic tham chiu n i tng Range c thc hin da trn a ch ca cc v c thc hin theo nhiu phng thc khc nhau. lm r hn cch thc tham chiu, cc v d sau s thc hin gn gi tr cho vng d liu c tham chiu. tham chiu n mt no , ch cn nhp a ch ca . a ch ca c th l kiu a ch tng i, hoc tuyt i. V d sau s tham chiu n B2:ActiveSheet.Range("B2").Value = 9 hoc c th gn trc tip nh sau: ActiveSheet.Range("B2") = 9


Trong trng hp nu ngi dng c mt vng d liu c t tn, ngi lp trnh c th tham chiu n vng d liu thng qua tn ca vng d liu. Gi s trong Sheet1 c mt vng d liu t A2 n B3 c t tn l Input, th cch tham chiu nh sau:Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("SoLieu") = 9

Trng hp nu mun tham chiu n mt vng d liu, ngi lp trnh c th da trn a ch ca hai , gc trn bn tri v gc i bn phi. V d sau s tham chiu n vng d liu t B2 n C3 theo nhiu cch khc nhau:Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("B2:C3") = 9 Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("B2.C3") = 9 Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("B2", "C3") = 9 Cch th nht Cch th hai Cch th ba

Hoc thay v s dng i tng Range, c th dng trc tip du ngoc vung ([ ]). iu ny tng ng vi khi tham chiu s dng i tng Range:Worksheets("Sheet1").[B2:C3] = 9 Worksheets("Sheet1").[B2.C3] = 9 Cch th nht Cch th hai

Nu mun tham chiu n mt vng d liu l giao ca cc vng d liu, s dng du cch gia cc vng d liu. V d sau s tham chiu n vng d liu l giao ca hai vng d liu l A1:C3 v B2:D4, vng c tham chiu thc s l vng B2:C3Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("A1:C3 B2:D4") = 9

Nu mun tham chiu n mt vng d liu l hp ca cc vng d liu khc nhau, s dng du phy ngn cch gia cc vng d liu. V d sau s tham chiu n vng d liu l hp ca cc vng d liu A1:B2, D3 v vng A4:C4Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("A1:B2,D3,A4.D4") = 9

Di y l cc phng thc v thuc tnh ca i tng Range: Activate Phng thc ny dng chuyn mt thnh hin hnh. Nu vng d liu l nhiu hn mt th ch c mt c chn lm hin hnh, l gc trn bn tri. Cn lu l phng thc ny ch c gi thnh cng nu vng d liu nm trn worksheet hin hnh. V vy, mun kch hot mt vng d liu trn mt worksheet no , cn phi chuyn worksheet thnh worksheet hin hnh.Worksheets(Sheet1).Activate Range(A3:B5).Activate

AddCommentvClearComments Phng thc AddComment cho php thm ch thch vo vng c tham chiu. Vng d liu ch c php l mt , v phi cha c ch thch, nu khng s lm pht sinh li. Cn phng thc ClearComments cho php xo tt c cc ch thch ca cc vng d liu. Khc vi phng thc AddComment, phng thc ny khng yu cu v vng d liu, vng d liu c th l mt vng bt k.Range("A1:C3").ClearComments Range("B2").AddComment "Chu thich moi" Xo ch thch vng A1:C3 Thm ch thch B2

Address Thuc tnh ny tr v a ch ca vng d liu c tham chiu. V d sau s hin th mt vng d liu c t tn l SoLieu trong Sheet1:MsgBox Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("SoLieu").Address

BorderAround Phng thc ny thc hin v ng bin xung quanh vng d liu c tham chiu. Ngi lp trnh c th thit lp kiu ng, b dy nt v v mu ca ng. Chi tit v cc tham s, tham kho trong ti liu tr gip i km ca Excel.Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("A1:D4").BorderAround _ LineStyle:=xlDashDot, ColorIndex:=3, Weight:=xlThick

Calculate


Phng thc ny thc hin tnh ton cho vng d liu c tham chiu, p dng trong trng hp ch tnh trong Excel c thit lp thnh tnh ton th cng (Manual). Cells Cells l tp i tng tham chiu n tt c cc nm trong vng d liu c tham chiu. Chi tit xem thm mc Tp i tng Cells trang 43 Clear,ClearContentsvClearFormats Phng thc Clear xo tt c nhng g c trong vng d liu c tham chiu: ni dung, nh dng, ch thch Phng thc ClearContents ch xo ni dung c lu tr trong vng d liu. Cn phng thc ClearFormats ch xo nh dng ca cc trong vng d liu. Sau khi xo nh dng, cc s c nh dng mc nh trong Excel.Worksheets(Sheet2).Range(A1:C3).Clear Worksheets(Sheet2).Range(A1:C3).ClearContents Worksheets(Sheet2).Range(A1:C3).ClearFormats Xo tt c Xo ni dung Xo nh dng

ColumnvRow Hai phng thc ny tr v s th t ca ct v hng ca u tin ca vng d liu c tham chiu.MsgBox Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("B3:D12").Column MsgBox Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("B3:D12").Row Hin th gi tr 2 Hin th gi tr 3

ColumnsvRows Thuc tnh Columns v Rows thc cht l tp i tng kiu Range cha cc ct v cc hng nm trong phm vi vng d liu c tham chiu. V d sau s dng vng lp For Each Next i mu v in s th t ct vo cc ct trong vng d liu c tham chiu.Public Sub VD_Columns() Dim myColumns As Range For Each myColumns In Range("B4:C5,E2:F6").Columns myColumns.Interior.Color = RGB(0, 255, 0) i mu myColumns.Value = myColumns.Column in s th t ct Next myColumns End Sub

GI C th s dng tp i tng Columns v Rows truy cp n mt hng hay mt ct no trong worksheet. V d sau s in gi tr 9 vo ct C v hng 3: Worksheets("Sheet1").Columns("C") = 9 Worksheets("Sheet1").Rows("3") = 9

ColumnWidthvRowHeight Thuc tnh ny th hin chiu rng ca ct v chiu cao ca hng ca vng d liu c tham chiu.Worksheets("Sheet2").Range("B2:C4").ColumnWidth = 15 Worksheets("Sheet2").Range("B2:C4").RowHeight = 15

Offset Hm Offset tnh tin vng d liu theo s hng v s ct c xc nh trong cc thng s u vo ca hm Offset. Gi tr tr v ca hm ny chnh l vng d liu sau khi c tnh tin. Cu trc ca hm Offset l: Offsett(s_hng, s_ct). S_hng nu l s dng l tnh tin xung di, s_ct nu l s dng l tnh tin sang phi. V d sau s tnh tin vng d liu ln trn 2 hng v sang phi 3 ct:Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("A4:B5").Offset(-2, 3).Value = 9

Replace Phng thc ny dng thay th mt chui k t bng mt chui k t khc. V d sau s thay th t SIN bng COS:Worksheets("Sheet2").Range("A1.C5").Replace "SIN", "COS"

Phng thc ny cng c nhiu tham s khc na thit lp ch tm kim vo thay th nh trt t tm kim, phn bit ch hoa ch thng, Chi tit xem trong hng dn i km ca Excel. Select Phng thc ny s la chn vng d liu c tham chiu, ging nh khi s dng chut la chn mt vng d liu trong worksheet. Cng ging nh phng thc Activate, vng d liu c tham chiu phi nm trong worksheet hin hnh, nu khng s lm pht sinh li khi thc thi chng trnh. V d sau s chn vng d liu B2:C3 trong worksheet hin hnh:Range(B2:C3).Select

Value Thuc tnh ny cha gi tr ca vng d liu. Cn phi lu rng khi c gi tr ca vng d liu th vng d liu bt buc phi l mt n nht, cn khi gn gi tr th vng d liu c th l mt hoc mt vng d liu gm nhiu v trong trng hp tt c cc u c cng mt gi tr.MsgBox Range("A1").Value Range("B2:C3").Value = 9 c v hin th gi tr A1 Gn gi tr cho vng d liu B2:C3

CHNGIV:LPTRNHTRNMICROSOFTEXCELGI Trong khi lm vic vi i tng Range, i tng tham chiu n mt vng d liu, cn lu nhng im sau: Vic thao tc vi Excel bng m lnh khng cn phi thc hin la chn vng d liu, v th nn hn ch s dng cc phng thc nh Activate hoc Select. Trong trng hp bt buc phi s dng cc phng thc ny, cn phi kch hot worksheet c cha vng d liu lm worksheet hin hnh bng phng thc Activate ca worksheet . Nn s dng cc vng d liu c t tn, chng hn nh nn s dng Range(KetQua) thay v s dng Range(D45). V khi s dng Range(D45), nu ngi dng chn thm mt hng pha trn hng 45 th a ch ca cn tham chiu s thay i, v cn phi thay i m lnh thnh Range(D46). Nhng nu s dng vng d liu c t tn th khng cn phi thay i m lnh. Excel cho php la chn cc vng d liu ri rc bt k. Trong khi s dng Excel, c th thc hin bng cch gi phm CRTL khi chn vng d liu.

5.2.6. Tp i tng Cells Tp i tng Cells l tp i tng cha tt c cc nm trong vng c tham chiu. Tp i tng Cells l mt thuc tnh ca i tng worksheet v cng l mt thuc tnh ca i tng Range. Khi truy cp thng qua i tng worksheet, tp i tng Cells tham chiu n tt c cc ca worksheet . Khi truy cp thng qua i tng Range, tp i tng Cells ch tham chiu n cc nm trong vng d liu. Thc cht, mi thnh phn cu thnh nn tp i tng Cells l mt , c kiu d liu l Range nn tt c cc phng thc v thuc tnh ca i tng Range u c trong tp i tng Cells. Xem thm mc i tng Range trang 38 bit chi tit v i tng Range. tham chiu n mt no thng qua tp i tng Cells, c th s dng cu trc sau:object.Cells(ch_s_hng, ch_s_ct) object.Cells(ch_s_) object.Cells

Object l i tng c cha thuc tnh Cells, c th l i tng kiu Worksheet hoc kiu Range. Cc tham s ch_s_hng v ch_s_ct l ch s tng i trong phm vi ca vng d liu c tham chiu. Ch_s_ l s th t ca trong tp i tng Cells, s th t c nh s theo tng hng, t tri sang phi v t trn xung di. Xt on m sau:Worksheets(Sheet1).Range("B2:E4").Cells(2, 3).Value = 9

on m trn s dng cch th nht gn gi tr 9 cho mt nm trong vng B2:E4. Object y chnh l i tng kiu Range, v vy tp i tng Cells l tp i tng cha cc trong vng B2:E4. Ch s hng v ct s c tnh tng i so vi u tin ca vng d liu, l B2. V vy, Cells(1,1) l u tin ca vng d liu, cn Cells(2,3) tng ng vi D3. Xt on m th 2:

Worksheets("Sheet1").Cells(257).Value = 9

on m trn s dng cch thc 2 tham chiu n mt trong worksheet. Object y chnh l i tng Worksheet, v vy tp i tng Cells l tp i tng cha tt c cc c trong worksheet. u tin A1 s c th t l 1, cc cn li c nh s t tri sang phi v sau t trn xung di. Mt worksheet l mt vng d liu c 65536 hng v 256 ct nn thc 256 l cui cng ca hng th nht, IV1; cn th 257 s l u tin ca hng th 2, A2. Xt on m th 3:Worksheets("Sheet1").Cells.Clear

on m trn s dng cch th 3 tham chiu n cc . Theo , tt c cc u c tham chiu v s u c x l ging nhau. Ngoi ra, ngi lp trnh cn c th tham chiu n tng trong tp i tng Cells bng cch thc hin cu lnh lp For Each Next. V d sau s thc hin tnh tng tt c cc nm trong vng d liu c tham chiu:Sub VD_Cells() Dim myCell As Range Dim Tong As Double Tong = 0 For Each myCell In Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("A2.C4").Cells Tong = Tong + myCell.Value Tnh tng Next myCell MsgBox Tong Hin th kt qu End Sub

6. S kin ca cc i tng trong ExcelKhi ngi dng thc hin mt thao tc no trong chng trnh, Excel s lm sinh mt s kin tng ng vi cc thao tc , chng hn nh cc s kin khi m hoc lu workbook. Nh c cc s kin m ngi lp trnh c th vit m lnh thc hin mt s thao tc mi khi s kin xy ra (cn gi l b x l s kin event handler). Nhng hp thng bo nh Would you like to save changes? l minh ho r nht vic s dng cc s kin trong Excel. Thc cht, mi b x l s kin l mt chng trnh con dng th tc. Khi s kin xy ra, chng trnh con tng ng s c t ng thc thi. Excel c kh nng gim st nhiu loi s kin khc nhau. Cc s kin c th c phn loi nh sau: S kin ca Workbook (s kin mc Workbook): cc s kin xy ra trong mt workbook no . Chng hn nh cc s kin Open (khi m hoc to workbook), BeforeSave (trc khi lu workbook), NewSheet (mt sheet mi va c thm), S kin ca Worksheet (s kin mc Worksheet): cc s kin xy ra trong mt worksheet no . V d nh cc s kin Change (khi mt trong sheet b thay i), SelectionChange (ngi dng chuyn sang vng c chn khc), Calculate (khi mt worksheet c tnh ton li),


S kin ca i tng Chart: cc s kin xy ra trn mt i tng chart no . Chng hn nh cc s kin Select (khi mt i tng Chart c chn), s kin SeriesChange (khi c mt gi tr no trong chui s liu b thay i). gim st cc s kin ca i tng chart nhng, cn phi thc hin thm mt s k thut khc. S kin ca ng dng Excel (s kin mc ng dng): cc s kin xy ra bn trong chng trnh Excel. Cc s kin ny bao gm NewWorkbook (khi mt workbook mi c to), WorkbookBeforeClose (trc khi ng mt workbook no ), SheetChange (khi mt no trong workbook b thay i). gim st cc s kin ca ng dng Excel, ngi lp trnh cn phi thc hin thm mt s k thut nng cao khc. Cc s kin trong UserForm: l cc s kin xy ra trong UserForm hoc trong mt i tng nm trn UserForm. V d nh UserForm c s kin Initialize (xy ra trc khi UserForm c hin th), hoc i tng CommandButton trn UserForm c s kin Click (xy ra khi ngi dng kch chut vo nt lnh). Cc s kin khng gn vi i tng: nhm s kin ny c hai s kin rt hu dng: s kin OnTime v s kin OnKey. Nhng s kin ny c cch thc hot ng khng ging nh nhng s kin khc. C mt s thao tc trong Excel c th lm xy ra nhiu s kin khc nhau. V d nh khi ngi dng chn mt worksheet mi vo trong workbook s lm pht sinh cc s kin mc ng dng nh sau: S kin WorkbookNewSheet: xy ra khi to mi worksheet. S kin SheetDeactivate: xy ra khi worksheet hin hnh khng cn hin hnh na. S kin SheetActivate: xy ra khi worksheet va mi c to c chuyn thnh worksheet hin hnh.

6.1. To b x l s kin cho mt s kinNhng ngi mi lp trnh VBA thng khng bit ni no to b x l s kin, hoc b x l s kin c to ra nhng li khng hot ng c. Nguyn nhn l do chng trnh con cha cc b x l s kin khng c t ng v tr. c th hot ng ng nh mong mun, cc b x l s kin ca tng i tng phi c t trong m-un m lnh tng ng ca i tng . V d sau s minh ho cch to b x l s kin cho s kin Worksheet_Change ca Sheet 1 (l s kin pht sinh khi ngi dng thay i gi tr ca mt no trong Sheet 1). Tobxlskin 1. Trong ca s Project ca VBAIDE, kch p chut ln i tng Sheet1 hin th ca s m lnh cho i tng Sheet1.

2. Trong ca s m lnh va hin th, chn danh sch gc trn bn tri v chn mc Worksheet chn danh sch gc trn bn phi v chn mc Change.

3. VBAIDE s t ng pht sinh on m lnh sau:Private Sub Worksheet_Change(ByVal Target As Range) End Sub

Chng trnh con dng th tc trn chnh l b x l s kin cho s kin Change ca i tng Sheet1. Ngi lp trnh c th vit m lnh thc hin cc thao tc cn thit mi khi s kin xy ra. on m sau s hin th hp thoi thng bo a ch ca b thay i ni dung:Private Sub Worksheet_Change(ByVal Target As Range) MsgBox( b thay i: & Target.Address) End Sub

Mi b x l s kin u c cc tham s ring. ngha v s lng cc tham s ph thuc vo tng loi s kin. hiu r thm v cc tham s ca mi s kin, tham kho thm trong ti liu tr gip ca VBA trong Excel.CH Excel cn cho php ngi dng tt cc s kin trong ng dng, khi , cc b x l s kin s khng c thc thi mi khi ngi dng thc hin cc thao tc tng ng na. tt cc s kin, ch cn gn thuc tnh EnableEvents ca i tng bng FALSE (Application.EnableEvents=FALSE). V ngc li, bt li cc s kin, ch cn gn thuc tnh EnableEvents bng TRUE (Application.EnableEvents=TRUE)


6.2. S kin trong WorkbookCc s kin mc workbook xy ra trong mt workbook no . Cc b x l s kin ca i tng workbook c lu trong m-un m lnh ca workbook tng ng. Di y l danh sch cc s kin trong workbook: S kinActivate AddinInstall AddinUninstall BeforeClose BeforePrint BeforeSave Deactivate NewSheet Open SheetActivate SheetBeforeDoubleClick SheetBeforeRightClick SheetCalculate SheetChange SheetDeactivate SheetSelectionChange WindowActivate WindowDeactivate WindowResize

Thao tc lm pht sinh s kinWorkbook c chn lm workbook hin hnh Workbook c ci t lm Add-In Workbook b g ci t, khng cn l Add-In na Ngay trc khi workbook b ng li Ngay trc khi workbook c in hoc xem trc khi in Ngay trc khi lu workbook Workbook khng cn hin hnh Mt worksheet va c to trong workbook M workbook Mt sheet no c chn lm sheet hin hnh Ngi dng kch p chut trn sheet no . S kin ny xy ra ngay trc khi kch p. Ngay trc khi ngi dng kch phi chut trn sheet Khi trn workshet c thc hin tnh ton no Khi worksheet b thay i Khi mt worksheet no khng cn l sheet hin hnh na Khi ngi dng thay i vng la chn trn worksheet Khi mt ca s c chn l ca s hin hnh Khi mt ca s khng cn l ca s hin hnh Khi mt ca s b thay i kch thc

SkinOpen Mt trong nhng s kin ph bin nht trong Workbook chnh l s kin Open. S kin ny c kch hot mi khi workbook (hoc add-in) c m, v s kch hot b x l s kin tng ng c tn l Workbook_Open. Bn trong th tc ny, ngi lp trnh c th thc hin nhiu thao tc khc nhau, chng hn nh cc thao tc ph bin sau: Hin th mt thng bo cho mng M mt workbook khc Thit lp, to thanh trnh n hoc thanh cng c Kch hot mt sheet hoc mt no Kim tra cc iu kin cn thit khc. Chng hn nh kim tra xem add-in cn thit cho hot ng ca workbook c ci t hay cha Thit lp cc tnh nng t ng khc. Chng hn nh nh ngha t hp phm tt Khun mu ca b x l s kin Open nh sau:Private Sub Workbook_Open() M lnh s c t y

End Sub

Di y l mt v d n gin ca th tc Workbook_Open. Chng trnh c s dng hm Weekday ca VBA xc nh mt ngy trong tun. Nu l ngy th 6, mt hp thng bo s xut hin, nhc nh ngi dng thc hin sao lu workbook hng tun. Nu khng phi l th 6, th s khng c g xy ra c.Private Sub Workbook_Open() Dim strThongBao As String If Weekday(Now) = vbFriday Then strThongBao = "Hm nay l th Su. strThongBao = strThongBao & "Nh phi sao lu workbook hng tun! " MsgBox strThongBao, vbInformation End If End Sub

SkinBeforeClose S kin BeforeClose xy ra trc khi mt workbook chun b ng. S kin ny thng c dng kt hp vi s kin Open. Ly v d nh, c th s dng s kin Open to trnh n tu bin cho workbook, sau s dng s kin BeforeClose xo trnh n trc khi workbook c ng. V nh vy, theo cch ny, workbook lun c mt trnh n tu bin m khng lm nh hng n chng trnh Excel ni chung. Khun mu ca b x l s kin BeforeClose nh sau:Private Sub Workbook_BeforeClose(Cancel As Boolean) M lnh s c t y End Sub

Tham sCancel

Gii thchMc nh, tham s ny bng FALSE khi xy ra s kin. Nu trong b x l s kin c gn gi tr cho tham s Cancel=TRUE th Excel s dng qu trnh ng workbook li, workbook s vn cn c m trong Excel.

V d sau s minh ho cch thao tc vi s kin BeforeClose. V d ny s kim tra xem khi s kin BeforeClose xy ra, workbook c lu hay cha. Nu cha lu s hin th mt hp thoi yu cu ngi dng la chn cc phng n: lu khng lu quay tr li workbook (khng ng workbook na bng cch gn tham s Cancel = TRUE):Private Sub Workbook_BeforeClose(Cancel As Boolean) Dim Msg As String Dim Ans As Integer If Not (Me.Saved) Then Msg = "Bn c mun lu workbook: " Msg = Msg & Me.Name & "khng ?" Ans = MsgBox(Msg, vbQuestion + vbYesNoCancel) Select Case Ans Case vbYes Me.Save Case vbNo Me.Saved = True Case vbCancel Cancel = True End Select End If

CHNGIV:LPTRNHTRNMICROSOFTEXCELEnd Sub

Trong on m trn, khi ngi dng chn Yes th s thc hin phng thc Save c trong i tng workbook. Khi ngi dng chn No th s gn thuc tnh Saved ca i tng workbook thnh TRUE, iu ny s lm cho Excel ngh l workbook c lu, nhng thc cht l khng thc hin thao tc lu workbook. Khi ngi dng chn Cancel th s gn tham s Cancel bng TRUE, khi y Excel s khng ng workbook na.

6.3. S kin trong WorksheetS kin mc worksheet xy ra bn trong mt worksheet no . Vic x l tt cc s kin mc worksheet s gip ng dng m rng hot ng hiu qu v chuyn nghip hn. Di y l mt s s kin trong worksheet: S kinActivate BeforeDoubleClick BeforeRightClick Calculate Change Deactivate FollowHyperlink SelectionChange

Thao tc lm pht sinh s kinWorksheet c chn lm worksheet hin hnh Ngi dng kch p chut trn sheet. S kin ny xy ra ngay trc khi kch p. Ngay trc khi ngi dng kch phi chut trn sheet Khi trn workshet c thc hin tnh ton no Khi mt no trong worksheet b thay i Worksheet khng cn hin hnh Ngi dng kch chut vo mt siu lin kt trong worksheet Khi ngi dng thay i vng la chn trn worksheet

Cn phi lu l m lnh ca cc b x l s kin ca worksheet phi c t trong m-un m lnh ca worksheet tng ng. SkinChange S kin Change xy ra khi c mt no trong worksheet b thay i. S kin ny s khng xy ra khi qu trnh t ng tnh ton ca Excel lm thay i gi tr ca , hoc khi chn mt i tng vo trong worksheet. Khun mu ca b x l s kin Change nh sau:Private Sub Worksheet_Change(ByVal Target As Range) M lnh s c t y End Sub

Tham sTarget

Gii thchTham s kiu Range, l /vng d liu b thay i

Khi th tc Worksheet_Change c thc thi (ngha l khi s kin xy ra), th tc ny s nhn c mt i tng kiu Range c truyn thng qua tham s Target. i tng ny c th l mt hoc mt vng d liu b thay i. V d sau s hin th mt hp thng bo th hin a ch ca b thay i (a ch ca i tng Target):Private Sub Worksheet_Change(ByVal Target As Excel.Range) MsgBox Vng d liu & Target.Address & thay i. End Sub

c th hiu r hn cc loi thao tc lm pht sinh s kin Change ca workshet, nhp on m trn vo trong m-un m lnh ca worksheet. Sau khi nhp xong on m lnh trn, quay tr li Excel v thc hin thay i worksheet bng nhiu cch khc nhau. Mi khi s kin Change xy ra, mt hp thng bo s c hin ln thng bo a ch ca vng d liu b tc ng. Khi thc hin theo cch nh vy, ta c th tnh c pht hin ra nhiu iu th v v s kin ny. Mt s thao tc lm pht sinh s kin, nhng mt s thao tc khc li khng nh th: Thay i nh dng ca khng lm pht sinh s kin Change nh mong i, nhng nu s dng trnh n Edit Clear Formats th li lm pht sinh s kin ny. Thm, hiu chnh hoc xo ch thch ca cc khng lm pht sinh s kin Change. Nhn phm DEL trn bn phm s lm pht sinh s kin Change (mc d hin ti ang l mt trng). Nhng b thay i khi s dng cc lnh ca Excel c th c hoc khng lm pht sinh s kin ny. V d, chn trnh n Data Form v Data Sort khng lm pht sinh s kin. Nhng nu chn trnh n Tools Spelling v Edit Replace th li lm pht sinh s kin ny. Nu trong cc chng trnh con ca VBA c lm thay i mt no th s lm pht sinh s kin Change. R rng, s kin Change kh phc tp v c th c tnh cht khc nhau tu theo tng phin bn ca Excel. Tuy nhin, s kin ny li rt hu ch, c bit l nhng ng dng quan trng, i hi cn phi c s kim tra, gim st n gi tr ca tng . S kin Change pht sinh khi c mt no b thay i, nhng thng thng ngi lp trnh ch cn quan tm n mt vng no trong worksheet m thi. V d sau s thc hin gim st mt vng d liu c tn l SoLieu trong worksheet. Nu ngi dng lm thay i gi tr bt k no trong vng ny, chng trnh s xut hin thng bo cho ngi dng:Private Sub Worksheet_Change(ByVal Target As Range) Dim VRange As Range Set VRange = Range("SoLieu") If Not Intersect(Target, VRange) Is Nothing Then MsgBox " thay i nm trong vng d liu: SoLieu." End If End Sub

V d trn s dng bin kiu Range c tn l VRange, th hin cho vng d liu cn gim st s thay i (l vng d liu c tn l SoLieu). Th tc ny cn s dng hm Intersect ca VBA, l hm tm giao ca hai vng d liu, kim tra xem vng d liu Target (c truyn qua tham s ca s kin) c nm trong vng d liu VRange hay khng. Hm Intersect tr v gi tr Nothing c ngha l hai vng d liu khng c no chung nhau. Do c s dng ton t Not nn biu thc Not Intersect(Target, VRange) Is Nothing s tr v gi tr TRUE nu hai vng d liu c t nht mt chung nhau. V vy, nu vng d liu b thay i c chung no vi vng d liu tn l SoLieu th chng trnh s hin th hp thng bo. Cc trng hp khc, th tc s t kt thc v khng c g xy ra c.

6.4. S kin trong UserForm(Tham kho n phn ca Anh , nu khng c th ly bng cc thuc tnh di) Activate The UserForm is activated. AddControl A control is added at runtime. BeforeDragOver A drag-and-drop operation is in progress while the pointer is over


the form. BeforeDropOrPaste When the user is about to drop or paste data; i.e., when the user has released the mouse button. Click A mouse click while the pointer is over the form. DblClick A mouse double-click while the pointer is over the form. Deactivate The UserForm is deactivated. Error A control detects an error and cannot return the error information to a calling program. Initialize The UserForm is about to be shown. KeyDown A key is pressed. KeyPress The user presses any ANSI key. KeyUp A key is released. Layout A UserForm changes size. MouseDown A mouse button is pressed. MouseMove The mouse is moved. MouseUp A mouse button is released. QueryClose Occurs before a UserForm closes. RemoveControl A control is removed from the UserForm at runtime. Resize The UserForm is resized. Scroll The UserForm is scrolled. Terminate The UserForm is terminated. Zoom The UserForm is zoomed.

6.5. S kin khng gn vi i tngCc s kin c cp u c gn vi mt i tng no . Phn ny s gii thiu mt s kin khng gn vi i tng no c rt hay dng, l s kin v OnKey. S kin ny s c truy cp thng qua i tng Application. SkinOnKey Trong khi ngi dng ang lm vic trn bng tnh, Excel lun gim st nhng g ngi dng g vo t bn phm. V vy, ngi lp trnh c th thit lp phm tt (hoc t hp phm tt) khi ngi dng nhn phm tt th s t ng thc thi mt th tc mong mun. ci t cho s kin OnKey, s dng phng thc OnKey c trong i tng Application. C php ca phng thc ny nh sau:expression.OnKey Key, Procedure

Tham sexpression Key

Gii thchBiu thc tr v i tng kiu Application Chui k t i din cho phm hoc t hp phm c nhn

Procedure

Tham s tu chn kiu Variant, l chui k t cha tn ca th tc s c thc thi khi ngi dng nhn phm. Nu gi tr ca tham s ny l (chui rng) th s khng c g xy ra khi ngi dng nhn phm c. Nu tham s Procedure c b qua, th phm tng ng vi tham s Key s c thit lp li gi tr mc nh ca Excel, tt c cc th tc c gn cho phm s khng cn hiu lc na.

Cn lu l, tham s Key c th l mt phm hoc mt t hp phm kt hp vi cc phm ALT, CTRL hoc SHIFT, Mi phm s c i din bng mt k t hoc chui k t, chng hn nh a i din cho phm a, hay {ENTER} i din cho phm ENTER. xc nh cc phm khng hin th trn mn hnh khi ngi dng nhn phm tng ng (chng hn nh phm TAB hoc phm ENTER) cn phi s dng cc gi tr c nh ngha sn. Di y l danh sch cc m phm c bit . Mi m phm tng ng vi mt phm trn bn phm. PhmBACKSPACE BREAK CAPS LOCK CLEAR DELETE hoc DEL MI TN XUNG END ENTER ENTER (phm s) ESC F1 n F15 HELP HOME

M phm{BACKSPACE} hoc {BS} {BREAK} {CAPSLOCK} {CLEAR} {DELETE} hoc {DEL} {DOWN} {END} ~ (du ng) {ENTER} {ESCAPE} hoc {ESC} {F1} n {F15} {HELP} {HOME}

PhmINS MI TN TRI NUM LOCK PAGE DOWN PAGE UP RETURN MI TN PHI SCROLL LOCK TAB MI TN LN SHIFT CTRL ALT

M phm{INSERT} {LEFT} {NUMLOCK} {PGDN} {PGUP} {RETURN} {RIGHT} {SCROLLLOCK} {TAB} {UP} + (du cng) ^ (du m) % (phn trm)

s dng t hp phm, ch cn gn tham s Key bng hp ca tt c cc phm n. V d nh nu cn gn s kin cho t hp phm CTRL+Phm cng, gn tham s Key= ^{+}; hoc vi t hp phm SHIFT+CTRL+Mi tn phi, gn tham s Key= +^{RIGHT}. V d sau s x l s kin OnKey ci t li chc nng ca phm PgUp v phm PgDn. Sau khi thc thi th tc Setup_ConKey, nu ngi dng nhn phm PgDn, Excel s thc thi th tc DgDn_Sub, cn nu ngi dng nhn phm PgUp, Excel s thc thi th tc PgUp_Sub. V kt qu s l: khi ngi dng nhn phm PgDn s di chuyn con tr xung hai hng, cn khi nhn phm PgUp s di chuyn con tr ln hai hng.Sub Setup_OnKey() Application.OnKey "{PgDn}", "PgDn_Sub" Application.OnKey "{PgUp}", "PgUp_Sub" End Sub Sub PgDn_Sub() On Error Resume Next ActiveCell.Offset(2, 0).Activate End Sub Sub PgUp_Sub() On Error Resume Next

CHNGIV:LPTRNHTRNMICROSOFTEXCELActiveCell.Offset(-2, 0).Activate End Sub

V d ny c s dng cu lnh On Error Resume Next b qua cc li c th pht sinh. Chng hn nh nu hin hnh ang hng u tin, nu c gng di chuyn ln trn s lm pht sinh li. Hoc nu sheet hin hnh khng phi l worksheet m l chartsheet th cng lm pht sinh li v khng c hin hnh no trn chartsheet c. xo s kin OnKey cho mt phm no y, cn phi thc thi li phng thc OnKey m khng c tham s Procedure. Thao tc ny s tr v chc nng mc nh cho phm c gn:Sub Cancel_OnKey() Application.OnKey {PgDn} Application.OnKey {PgUp} End Sub

Mc d bng cch ny, ngi lp trnh c th gn phm tt cho mt Macro bt k, tuy nhin tt nht l nn s dng trnh qun l Macro gn phm tt cho Macro (xem thm mc Qun l Macro trang 13)

7. Cc thao tc c bn trong ExcelPhn ny s gii thiu cc on m thc hin nhng thao tc c bn trong Excel.

7.1. iu khin ExcelCc thao tc lin quan n vic iu khin chng trnh Excel u c thc hin thng qua i tng Application, i tng cp cao nht trong cy phn cp i tng trong Excel. 7.1.1. Thot khi Excel S dng phng thc c trong i tng Application thot khi Excel. Thng thng, nu c workbook no cha c lu, Excel s hin th hp thoi nhc ngi dng lu workbook. Tuy nhin, ngi lp trnh c th thay i cch ng x trn bng mt s cch sau: Lu tt c cc workbook trc khi thot Gn thuc tnh Saved ca workbook trc khi thot Gn thuc tnh DisplayAlerts bng FALSE V d sau s lu tt c cc workbook ang m trong Excel m khng cn hin th thng bo cho ngi dng:Sub QuitSaveAll( ) Dim wb As Workbook For Each wb In Workbooks wb.Save Next Application.Quit End Sub

Ngc li, on m sau s thot khi Excel m khng lu cc workbook:Sub QuitSaveNone() Dim wb As Workbook For Each wb In Workbooks ' nh du coi nh cc workbook c lu ' nhng thc cht, cc workbook vn cha c lu wb.Saved = True

Next Application.Quit End Sub

Hoc c th s dng on m sau:Sub QuitSaveNone() ' Tt tt c cc thng bo, hp thoi Application.DisplayAlerts = False Application.Quit End Sub

Cch thot khi Excel s dng thuc tnh Saved hoc DisplayAlerts s c th lm mt tt c nhng thay i cha c lu. V th cng c th s dng mt cch khc, l s dng phng thc SaveWorkspace lu trng thi lm vic ca Excel ca trc lc thot vo tp .xlw, v khi m tp ny, trng thi lm vic ca Excel ti thi im s c khi phc li. on m sau s lu tt trng thi lm vic vo tp Resume.xlw:Sub QuitWithResume() Application.SaveWorkspace "C:\Resume.xlw" Application.Quit End Sub

7.1.2. Kho tng tc ngi dng Trong mt s trng hp, trnh ngi dng thot khi Excel khi ang thc hin mt s bc tnh ton mt nhiu thi gian, cn phi gii hn tng tc gia ngi dng v chng trnh Excel. i tng Application c mt s phng thc/thuc tnh thc hin iu ny: Gn thuc tnh DisplayAlerts bng FALSE n cc hp thoi Excel khi ang thc thi m lnh. Gn thuc tnh Interactive bng FALSE ngi dng hon ton khng th tng tc c vi Excel. Gn thuc tnh ScreenUpdating bng FALSE tt qu trnh cp nht li mn hnh, lm n i nhng thay i din ra trong lc thc thi m lnh. Nhng cch trn u cn phi thc hin u on m lnh v phi thc hin li cui ca on m lnh thit lp li cc gi tr mc nh, nu khng s lm kho hon ton chng trnh Excel. V d sau minh ho cch tm thi kho tng tc ngi dng khi thc hin cc on m lnh mt nhiu thi gian:Sub Khoa_nguoi_dung() Dim cel As Range ' Chuyn con tr chut thnh biu tng ch. Application.Cursor = xlWait ' Tt tng tc ngi dng v vic cp nht mn hnh. Application.Interactive = False Application.ScreenUpdating = False ' on m lnh m phng vic tnh ton mt nhiu thi gian. For Each cel In [a1:iv999] cel.Select Next ' Khi phc li trng thi ban u. Application.Interactive = True Application.ScreenUpdating = True Application.Cursor = xlDefault

CHNGIV:LPTRNHTRNMICROSOFTEXCEL[a1].Select End Sub

Mt li im na ca vic gn thuc tnh ScreenUpdating bng FALSE l vic on m lnh s thc thi vi tc nhanh hn v Excel khng cn phi cp nht li mn hnh khi tin hnh chn tng trong vng d liu t A1:IV999. Nhng cn lu phi khi phc li cc gi tr mc nh trc khi kt thc m lnh.GI Gn thuc tnh ScreenUpdating bng FALSE trong khi thc khi cc on m lnh c lin quan n vic hin th trn mn hnh, chng hn nh i mu nn cho vng d liu , s lm tng tc thc thi ca m lnh

7.1.3. Thao tc vi ca s i tng Application c tp i tng Windows cho php m, sp xp, thay i kch thc v ng cc ca s bn trong Excel. Chng hn nh on m sau to thm mt ca s mi v sau xp chng cc ca s bn trong workbook hin hnh:Sub OpenCascadeWindows() ActiveWindow.NewWindow Application.Windows.Arrange xlArrangeStyleCascade, True End Sub

Ngi lp trnh c th ng, thay i trng thi ca ca s s dng cc phng thc v thuc tnh c trong i tng Window. V d sau s ng ca s c to ra v d trc v khi phc li trng thi ca ca s ban u trong Excel:Sub CloseMaximize() ActiveWindow.Close ng ca s hin hnh ActiveWindow.WindowState = xlMaximized End Sub

Vic ng ca s cui cng ca Workbook tng ng vi vic ng workbook .CH Trong cng mt workbook c th c nhiu ca s con, tt c cc ca s con u c ni dung ging nhau v u l mt th hin ca workbook. Chi tit, xem li mc i tng Window trang 34.

iu khin ca s chnh ca Excel, s dng cc thuc tnh WindowState v DisplayFullScreen c trong i tng Application. on m sau s thc hin thay i trng thi ca s chnh ca Excel, gia cc thi thi s c mt thng bo:Sub ChangeExcelWindowState() Application.WindowState = xlMaximized MsgBox "Trang thai phong dai" Application.WindowState = xlMinimized MsgBox "Trang thai thu nho" Application.WindowState = xlNormal MsgBox "Trang thai thong thuong" Application.DisplayFullScreen = True MsgBox "Trang thai toan man hinh" Application.DisplayFullScreen = False MsgBox "Trang thai thong thuong" End Sub Phng i ca s Thu nh ca s Trng thi thng thng Xem ton mn hnh Trng thi bnh thng

7.1.4. Khi ng Excel t chng trnh khc

Thng thng, khi s dng VBA trong Excel, chng trnh Excel c khi ng sn v ngi lp trnh khng cn quan tm n cc thao tc khi ng chng trnh Excel. Tuy nhin, vn c nhng lc cn khi ng chng trnh Excel t chng trnh khc, chng hn nh khi mun xut d liu tnh ton sang Excel chng hn. Lc , cn phi lp trnh khi ng Excel, hay ni theo cch n gin hn, l to i tng Application cha ng dng Excel. thc hin c vic ny, cn phi thc hin cc bc sau: 1. Tham chiu n vi th vin m rng ca chng trnh Excel. 2. Vit m lnh thc hin vic khi ng chng trnh Excel (to i tng Application ca Excel). Di y s trnh by cch thc khi ng chng trnh Excel t VBA trong AutoCAD. ThamchiuthvinmrngcachngtrnhExcel 1. Khi ng chng trnh AutoCAD t hp phm ALT+F11. 2. Chn trnh n Tools n th vin m rng. Khi ng VBAIDE trong AutoCAD bng cch nhn

References hin th hp thoi References dng tham chiu

3. Trong danh sch cc th vin c sn, chn Microsoft Excel 11.0 Object Library Chn OK. Nh vy l d n VBA trong AutoCAD c tham chiu n th vin m rng ca Excel, ngha l ngi lp trnh c th truy cp n m hnh i tng ca Excel ngay t bn trong VBA ca AutoCAD

Hnh: Hp thoi References trong VBAIDE ca AutoCAD.CH Tu tng phin bn chng trnh Excel ang c s dng m tn ca th vin m rng Excel c th khc nhau.

VitmlnhkhingchngtrnhExcel 4. Trong VBAIDE ca AutoCAD, chn trnh n Insert chun. Module to mi mt m-un


5. Trong ca s m lnh ca m-un chun, nhp on m lnh dng khi ng chng trnh Excel nh sau:Sub ConnectToExcel() Dim App As Excel.Application On Error Resume Next Set App = GetObject(, "Excel.Application") Kim tra xem Excel c khi ng cha Nu cha s tin hnh to i tng Application If Err Then Err.Clear Set App = CreateObject("Excel.Application") If Err Then MsgBox Err.Description Exit Sub End If End If Hin th ca s chnh ca Excel App.Visible = True MsgBox "Now running " + App.Name + _ " version " + App.Version ====== Kt thc vic khi ng chng trnh Excel ====== Bt u thc hin cc thao tc trong Excel ging nh khi thc hin trong mi trng VBA ca Excel Dim WBook As Workbook, WSheet As Worksheet Set WBook = App.Workbooks.Add Set WSheet = WBook.Worksheets(1) WSheet.Range("A1") = "Vi du ket noi voi Excel" WBook.SaveAs "C:\Test.xls" WBook.Close Set WBook = Nothing Set WSheet = Nothing End Sub

6. Thc thi Macro: ConnectToExcel nh trn, chng trnh Excel s c khi ng To mt Worksheet mi Lu thnh tp c tn Test.xls nm trong th mc gc ca a C:\ Thot khi chng trnh Excel.

7.2. Lm vic vi Workbook7.2.1. To mi, m, lu v ng workbook Tomiworkbook to mi workbook, s dng phng thc Add c trong tp i tng Workbooks:Dim wb As Workbook Set wb = Application.Workbooks.Add

Mworkbook m mt workbook c, s dng phng thc Open c trong tp i tng Workbooks:Dim wb As Workbook Set wb = Application.Workbooks.Open("C:\MyBook.xls")

Nu tham s tn tp ch c tn m khng bao gm ng dn, Excel s tm tp trong th mc hin hnh. Nu tp khng tn ti th s lm pht sinh li trong Excel.

Luworkbook lu workbook, s dng phng thc Save v SaveAs c trong i tng Workbook. Th mc mc nh lu trong Excel c th c thit lp thng qua thuc tnh DefaultFilePath ca i tng Application, thng thng th mc mc nh l th mc My Documents. V d sau s lu workbook mi to vo th mc My Documents vi tn l NewWorkbook.xls:ActiveWorkbook.SaveAs "NewWorkbook"

Phng thc SaveAs thch hp khi lu workbook ln u tin, hoc khi mun lu workbook thnh mt workbook c tn khc. Cn phng thc Save s lu workbook v gi nguyn tn hin ti ca workbook. ngworkbook ng workbook, s dng phng thc Close c trong i tng workbook. Phng thc ny khng t ng lu workbook, nhng khi c s thay i no cha lu, Excel s hin th hp thoi SaveChanges trc khi ng workbook. Ngi lp trnh c th tt hp thoi ny bng cch truyn thm tham s vo cho phng thc thc Close:ThisWorkbook.Close True

on m s lu tt c cc thay i v sau ng workbook hin hnh. ng m khng lu nhng thay i ca workbook, s dng on m sau:ThisWorkbook.Close False

ng tt c cc workbook, s dng phng thc Close c trong tp i tng Workbooks. Tuy nhin phng thc ny khng c tham s, v vy hp thoi SaveChanges s xut hin khi c workbook no cha c lu.Sub TestCloseAll() Workbooks.Close End Sub

7.3. Lm vic vi Worksheet7.3.1. To mi, xo v i tn worksheet Tomiworksheet to mi Worksheet, s dng phng thc Add c trong tp i tng Worksheets hoc tp i tng Sheets.Sub Tao_moi_worksheet() Dim ws1 As Worksheet Dim ws2 As Worksheet Thm mt worksheet vo trc worksheet hin hnh Set ws1 = Worksheets.Add Thm mt worksheet khc vo sau sheet cui cng ca workbook Set ws2 = Sheets.Add(After:=Sheets(Sheets.Count), Type:=xlWorksheet) End Sub

Do tp i tng Sheets bao gm nhiu loi sheet khc nhau nn khi thm worksheet s dng phng thc Add c trong tp i tng Sheets, cn phi xc nh r loi sheet s c thm vo. Xoworksheet


xo worksheet, s dng phng thc Delete c trong i tng worksheet. V d sau s xo worksheet c tn l Sheet1.Sub Xoa_worksheet() Dim mySheet As Worksheet Set mySheet = Worksheets("Sheet1") Application.DisplayAlerts = False mySheet.Delete Application.DisplayAlerts = True End Sub

Khi s dng phng thc Delete xo worksheet, Excel s hin th hp thng bo xc nhn thao tc xo worksheet. V vy, khi chc chn xo worksheet phi tt ht tt c cc thng bo bng cch gn thuc tnh DisplayAlerts bng FALSE, v cng nn nh l phi tr v cc gi tr mc nh trc khi kt thc chng trnh. itnworksheet Vic i tn worksheet c thc hin mt cch d dng, ch cn thay i thuc tnh Name c trong i tng worksheet. on m sau s i tn Sheet2 thnh MySheet:Worksheets("Sheet2").Name = "MySheet"

7.3.2. S kin trong worksheet

7.4. Lm vic vi Range v Cells7.4.1. Duyt qua tng trong vng d liu duyt qua tng trong vng d liu, s dng vng lp For Each Next duyt qua tng i tng trong tp i tng Cells. Trnh t duyt l theo s th t ca : duyt t tri sang phi l t trn xung di. V d sau s duyt qua tng trong vng d liu A1:D3, in s vo tng theo th t c duyt. Thng qua v d ny, ta s hiu r hn v trnh t duyt cc trong vng d liu:Sub Duyet_O() Dim myCell As Range Dim i As Integer i = 0 For Each myCell In Range("A1:D3").Cells Cc thao tc x l nm y V d: in s th t duyt vo tng i = i + 1 myCell.Value = i Next myCell End Sub

7.4.2. Duyt qua tng trong vng d liu theo hng v ct

Qu trnh duyt theo hng hoc ct c thc hin s dng vng lp For EachNext trn cc tp i tng Rows, Columns v Cells. i tng thnh phn trong cc tp i tng ny u c kiu l Range. V d sau s tnh tng tng ct ca vng d liu c tham chiu v in gi tr tng ny vo ngay pha di tng ct.1. Sub Duyet_O_Theo_Cot() 2. Dim myCell As Range 3. Dim myColumn As Range 4. Dim Tong As Double 5. For Each myColumn In Range("A1:D3").Columns 6. Tong = 0 7. For Each myCell In myColumn.Cells 8. Tong = Tong + Val(myCell.Value) 9. Next myCell 10. myColumn.Cells(myColumn.Rows.Count + 1, 1) = Tong 11. Next myColumn 12. End Sub

Dng th 5 l vng lp cho php duyt qua tng ct trong vng d liu A1:D3. Mi ct li l mt vng d liu, v th li tip tc duyt qua tng trong vng d liu , iu ny c thc hin dng th 7. Dng th 10 dng gn gi tr tng tnh c ca mi vo di cng ca ct.

7.4.3. Vng c cha d liu Thuc tnh UsedRange UsedRange l mt thuc tnh rt hu dng ca i tng Worksheet. Thuc tnh ny tr v dng d liu l hnh ch nht bao ca tt c cc c cha d liu. Gc trn bn tri ca hnh ch nht l u tin c cha d liu, cn gc di bn phi ca hnh ch nht l cui cng c cha d liu. Cc c cha d liu c hiu l nhng c cha thng tin nh: gi tr, nh dng v ch thch. Hnh sau minh ho r hn v thuc tnh UsedRange.

Mc d trong vng d liu tr v ca thuc tnh UsedRange c cha c nhng khng c d liu, nhng nh vy l hiu qu v tit kim thi gian hn l so vi vic duyt qua tt c cc trong worksheet. V d sau s duyt qua tt c cc c cha d liu v chn nhng c gi tr m trn worksheet hin hnh:Sub Su_dung_UsedRange( ) Dim cel As Range, str As String

CHNGIV:LPTRNHTRNMICROSOFTEXCELFor Each cel In ActiveSheet.UsedRange If cel.Value < 0 Then str = str & cel.Address & "," Next If str "" Then str= Left(str, Len(str) - 1) ActiveSheet.Range(str).Select End If End Sub

V d trn ly v a ch ca tt c cc c gi tr m v s dng du ,ngn cch gia a ch ca cc ly hp ca tt c cc (xem thm mc Tham chiu n i tng Range trang 38). Sau khi kt thc vng lp, chui str s c kiu l $A$1,$D$5, nn dng lnh If cui cng s ct k t cui cng ca chui str chuyn v dng thc a ch ng $A$1,$D$5. Cu lnh Len(str) tr v chiu di ca chui k t str. Cn cu lnh Left(str,n) tr v n k t nm bn tri ca chui k t str.

7.5. Lm vic vi biu Tnh nng biu trong Excel kh n tng. Mt biu c th th hin nhiu kiu d liu khc nhau trong Excel. Excel h tr hn 100 loi biu khc nhau v ngi dng c th iu khin hu nh tt c cc thnh phn trong biu bi l, mi thnh phn trong biu chnh l mt i tng vi cc phng thc v thuc tnh khc nhau. V vy, vic lp trnh vi biu l khng d, nhng mt khi hiu r cy phn cp i tng th kt qu s n tng hn rt nhiu. Tu theo v tr m biu trong Excel c phn thnh 2 loi sau: Biu nhng ChartObject: l dng biu nm bn trong mt worksheet. Trong mt worksheet c th cha nhiu biu nhng khc nhau v cc biu ny c th c truy xut thng qua tp i tng Cha