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This publication is a Technical report by the Joint Research Centre, the European Commission’s in-house science service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policy-making process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. JRC Science Hub https://ec.europa.eu/jrc JRC99979 EUR 27705 EN ISBN 978-92-79-54591-7 (PDF) ISBN 978-92-79-54590-0 (print) ISSN 1831-9424 (online) ISSN 1018-5593 (print) doi:10.2788/017672 (online) © European Union, 2015 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. All images © European Union 2015, except: cover photo (Lorenzo van Wijk) How to cite: Van Wijk, L., M. H. Wood, Z. Gyenes, and A. L. Vetere Arellano. 2015. Strategy for Capacity Building on Chemical AccidentPrevention and Preparedness Programmes in EU Neighbourhood Countries. Joint Research Centre. Ispra, Italy. EUR 27705 EN.

Abstract: The European Union established the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) in 2004 to promote an area of peace, stability andprosperity in its immediate neighbourhood with the Countries to the East (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova andUkraine) and to the South (Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Palestinian Authority, Syria, and Tunisia). It aimsat developing tighter and more beneficial relations between the EU and her neighbours in political, economic and culturaldomains, and in particular on security matters, as well as extending and enhancing current existing cooperation frameworks inorder to reduce the likelihood of any new divide appearing. The strengthening of the safety and security with the EUNeighbourhood Countries, also from an economical and resources sharing angle, is identified as a great strategic priority by theEuropean Commission and the EU and is an issue that has acquired a more relevant importance following the latest developmentsin some of these countries. One particular area of shared concern is the control of chemical accident risks. The Seveso Directivehas existed as legislation in the European Union since 1982 and holds a long history of regulatory responses aimed at controllingsites where dangerous substances are processed and stored and where accidents may result in fatalities and serious injury topeople or damage to the environment. As such, there is considerable logic in accelerating implementation of a Seveso approachin Neighbourhood Countries to continue the momentum towards Seveso becoming a standard approach to chemical accidentprevention and preparedness worldwide. For this reason, the Civil Protection Mechanism 2014-2020 (Decision No. 1313/2013 ofthe European Parliament), managed under DG-ECHO, introduced a new initiative, Seveso Capacity Building in EU NeighbourhoodCountries strategy to collaborate with its neighbours on strengthening chemical accident prevention and preparednessprogrammes. The Joint Research Centre’s Major Accident Hazard Bureau is leading the implementation of this initiative on behalfof DG-ECHO. The JRC therefore has analysed its own experience in capacity building, conducted research and sought expertfeedback to produce this strategy document for the initiative. This report presents the final strategy that is the outcome of thisprocess.

ST RA T E G Y

PR E P AR E D

TABLE

Executiv

Proj

Outcom

A ca

Con

1  Intr

1.1 

1.1 

1.2 

2  Out

2.1 

2.2 

2.3 

Y F O R CAP A

DN E SS PR O G R

E OF CON

ve Summary

ject backgro

mes from the

apacity build

nclusions and

roduction an

background

Goals, obje

1.1.1  Acce

1.1.2  Train

Overview o

1.2.1  A sys

1.2.2  Estab

1.2.3  A ba

1.2.4  Train

1.2.5  Ong

tcomes from

Description

Description

Outcomes

2.3.1  Abou

2.3.2  Abou

2.3.3  Abou

2.3.4  Abou

2.3.5  Abou

A C I TY BU I L D

RA M M E S IN EU

NTENTS

y ..................

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e expert wor

ding model ....

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pport .............

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e country pro

building unit

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PA G E i O F 5

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.................. 6

...................... 8

.................... 11

................15

.................... 17

.................... 19

.................... 21

.................... 23

.................... 23

.................... 27

.................... 27

.................... 27

.................... 32

.................... 34

................41

.................... 41

.................... 46

.................... 53

.................... 54

.................... 56

.................... 58

.................... 61

.................... 64

1 

2 

6 

8 

1 

5 

7 

9 

1 

3 

3 

7 

7 

7 

2 

4 

1 

1 

6 

3 

4 

6 

8 

1 

4 

PA GE i i O F 6

2.4  Re

3  A Coun

3.1  Pr

3.2  Ha

3.3  M

3.4  In

3.5  Pr

3.6  M

3.7  Ha

3.8  Lis

3.9  Ap

4  Conclu

A  Countr

A.1  A

A.2  A

A.3  A

A.4  B

A.5  E

A.6  G

A.7  I

A.8  J

A.9  L

A.10  M

A.11  M

A.12  P

A.13  T

A.14  U

B  Curren

C  Bibliog

6 SP

ecommended

ntry Capacit

roposal for a

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aintaining a

tegrating pe

roviding the

aintaining th

aving a legal

sting all the p

pplication of

usions and r

ry profile re

Algeria ...........

Armenia ........

Azerbaijan ....

Belarus ...........

Egypt ..............

Georgia .........

Israel ...............

Jordan ............

Lebanon ........

Moldova .......

Morocco .......

Palestinian A

Tunisia ...........

Ukraine ..........

nt and past c

graphy and

ST RA T E G Y FO R

PR E P A R E DN E S

d options for

ty Building M

capacity bui

cessary resou

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Authority ........

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R CAP A C IT Y BS PR OG RA M M

r considerati

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BU I L D I N G O N

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OD CO U NT R I E S

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S

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........... 128 

........... 132 

........... 135 

........... 139 

........... 142 

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........ 156 

ST RA T E G Y

PR E P AR E D

Y F O R CAP A

DN E SS PR OG R

A C I TY BU I L D

RA M M E S IN EUIN G ON CH

U NE IGH BO U R

E M I CA L AC C

RH O O D CO U N

C I D E N T PREV

N T R I E S E N T I O N A N DD

PPA GE i i i O F 7

PA GE iv O F 8

LIST OF

Table 2.1 O

Table 2.2 P

Table 2.3 Fe

Table 2.4 Fe

Table 2.5 Fe

Table 2.6 Fe

Table 2.7 Fe

8 SP

TABLES

Outline of the

articipants in

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ST RA T E G Y FO R

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plementation

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n ........... 56 

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............. 64 

ST RA T E G Y

PR E P AR E D

LIST O

Figure 1.

Europea

Figure 1.

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Figure 1

.................

Figure 1

preventio

Figure 1

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Figure 3.

Figure 3

structure

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Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Y F O R CAP A

DN E SS PR OG R

OF FIGURE

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A C I TY BU I L D

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PA G E v O F 9

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PA GE v i O F 1

LIST OF

Box 1 Capa

Box 2 Che

Building .......

Box 3 Chem

10 SP

BOXES

acity building

emical accide

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ST RA T E G Y FO R

PR E P A R E DN E S

g and Agenda

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R CAP A C IT Y BS PR OG RA M M

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V E N T I ON A N D

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Capacity

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E X E C U T I V

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2020 (Decisionew initiativ

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orous requirons of the Sed and develo

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on No. 1313ve, Seveso Cghbours on

R E D NE S S

2004 to promries to the Eaia, Egypt, Iseloping tight cultural domnt existing he strengthe

cal and resoud the EU and

ments in som

n both induses in both ineparedness manage thcesses in thezer productiodiversity of rient - that req

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PA GE 1 O F 1

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PA GE 3 O F 15

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18 SP

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stem

nput, cted built and

l Accident European

IN T R O DU

ST RA T E G Y

PR E P AR E D

A

At

A

The firstexpectedover timare confmake anexperiencountrie

1.1 B

Single cathroughodynamicand emeand induMore thachemicasupport as the mwhose pareas. Lcan gredevelopiprobablygovernmeffectivechemicaaccidentabout thcountrieoccurred2015), M(refinery

CT ION A N D R

Y F O R CAP A

DN E SS PR OG R

Annex A pro

Annex B outthe EU Neigh

Annex C list

year activitid that the coe with exper

firmed and wn impact in nces of soms working to

ACKGROU

atastrophic out the world

c and compleerging econoustrialized coan ever in thl dependent industries to

manufacture populations aLand-use decatly increaseing countriesy substantial

ment adminise chemical sal hazard aret rate outsidhe frequencys, in particul

d over the lasMexico (minin

fire, 2012).

EP ORT P U R P O

A CI TY BU I L D

RA M M E S IN EU

vides an ove

lines briefly thbourhood C

the resource

ies providedonclusions anrience. It wilwhich ones a

every counte countries wards achiev

UND, PUR

events invold. Technoloex dimensionomies, the paountries assohis era, devel

sectors, inco growing ec

of various are growing acisions often e industrial s face a partily, and concstrators in defety and reg rapidly incr

de Europe, ay with whichlar, in oil andst 3 years, fong spill, 2014

OS E S

IN G ON CH

U NE IGH BO U R

erview of som

the current aCountries.

es used and c

an importand recommenl be of great

are replaced try. Howeve

that can evving reductio

POSE AND

ving dangergical advancn to the maace of chang

ociated with oping countluding oil anconomies thabuilding maand growth ignore not accident ri

cular dilemmurrently expeveloping coulation prog

reasing. Whnecdotal ev

h such accidd gas facilitie

or example: U4), India (ref

E M I CA L AC C

RH O O D CO U N

me of the EU

and previous

consulted for

nt baseline fndations fromt interest to owith new co

er, it is hopeventually he

on of chemic

D STRATE

rous substances and econnagement oge in this erachemical acctries are expend gas, mininat also handlterials. Thevery often taonly industrisk potential

ma in that theosing greateountries, it isgrammes to kile scarce opidence from

dents occur es, where a

Ukraine (tankfinery fire, 20

C I D E N T PREV

N T R I E S

Neighbourh

capacity bu

r this report.

for shaping m each inputobserve how

oncepts. It ised that therelp all neighal accident r

GY OF TH

nces continuomic growth

of chemical aa creates sigcident preveeriencing rapng, fertilizer, le large quanse countriesakes place inial risks but l in these de presence oer numbers os a constant keep up withpen source d

m newspaperin crowded number of c

k storage fire013), Azerba

E N T I O N A N D

ood Countri

ilding activit

the future int to the initia

w plans evolvs possible thre can be lehbouring coisks.

HE INITIAT

e to occur wh patterns in accident risksnificant chalntion and pr

pid economicpesticide pr

ntities of dans are also ofn the vicinity the presencedensely pop

of hazardous of the popul

and difficulh the fast ratedata exists trs and othercity neighbo

catastrophic , 2015), the Pijan (oil tank

D PA

es profile.

ies organised

nitiative worative will be ve and what ehat the initiatessons learneuntries, and

TIVE

with alarminthe 21st cent

s. In both inlenges in boreparedness c developmeroduction anngerous subsften the samof economic

e of natural pulated zonsubstances iation to thest struggle toe at which tho measure t

r sources raiourhoods ofchemical accPhilippines (sker fire, 2013

A G E 17 O F 29

d within

k plan. It isre-evaluatedexpectationstive may noted from the

d indeed, all

g frequencytury create andustrialised

oth industrialgovernance.

ent in certainnd numerousstances such

me countriescally thrivinghazards thates. Hence,is increasing,se risks. Foro implementhe sources ofthe chemicalises concernf developingcidents haveshoe factory,3) and Egypt

s d s t e l

y a d l .

n s h s g t , , r t f l

n g e , t

PA GE 18 O F

The Seveso of regulatorand where awas the firsprocess safeon operatoauthorities timplemente

As such, tNeighbourhchemical acconsiderabl

The EU MemENPI countror the Medicountries, otransbound1999, in whflooding an

The EuropeTransboundnumerous E

Globalizatiomultinationevery ENPI standards tcommitted regulation.

More broadany place i

2 “Process sachemical accexpressly incare virtually tis a particular

30 SP

Directive hary responsesaccidents mast comprehenety2 governa

ors for keepito track and ed outside Eu

there is cohood Countrccident preve strategic m

mber States ries share resiterranean Se

often affectinary accidenthich 100,000d causing co

an Union is dary Effects oEuropean Ne

on of the Eurals are involcountry. W

to chemicalsto such stan

dly, Europeanin the world

afety” is the ncident preventlude safety ofthe same. Forr country conc

ST RA T E G Y FO R

PR E P A R E DN E S

as existed as aimed at co

ay result in fansive legislatnce globallying their plamotivate op

urope in a gr

nsiderable ies to contin

vention and motives for ai

live next doosponsibility fea. One acci

ng livelihoodts over the p0 m3 of cyanonsiderable e

Party to the of Industrial ighbourhood

opean econolved. It can While these s managemendards in the

n companies d as long as

name commotion on sites

f dangerous trr this reason, ccern.

R CAP A C IT Y BS PR OG RA M M

legislation inontrolling siteatalities and stion of its kiny. It is a perfants safe, b

perator progrrowing numb

logic in acue the mompreparedne

iding its neig

or to each otor one or moident can des on all side

past few decanide-contameco-damage

Convention Accidents (

d Countries t

omy brings obe reasonabmultination

ent, they face face of wea

at home ares there are

only used for that process,

ransport but thcapacity buildi

BU I L D I N G O N

MES IN EU NEI

n the Europees where danserious injurynd in the woformance-baut imposes ress. Numerober of both d

ccelerating imentum towa

ss worldwidghbours in th

ther, particuore importan

estroy the usees for years tades and moinated watedownstream

of the UN Ec(TEIA) in Eurto the north

other accidenbly assumedals are usua

ce stiff comak (compare

e also at a dcountries w

the body of , handle or she nature of ting efforts som

IN T R O

CH E M I CA L AC

I G H B O U RH O O

ean Union sinngerous suby to people oorld and conased measuralso rigorou

ous versions developed an

implementatrds Seveso be. It can a

his regard.

larly on nortnt natural rese and accessto come. Thost notably, r was releas

m to the Tisza

conomic Comrope, in forcand east sinc

nts close to hd that Europeally more thpetition fromd to the EU)

isadvantage who continue

knowledge astore dangerohe risk and prmetimes inclu

OD U CT IO N A N D

C CI D EN T PRE V

OD CO U NT R I E S

nce 1982 andstances are por damage to

ntinues to bere that placeus requiremof the Seves

nd developing

tion of a Sbecoming a salso be argu

thern and Easources, suchs of this resohe EU has ex

the Baia Rived in Roma

a and Danube

mmission fore in the Eurce 1999.

home particuean multinathan willing m other ope) national ch

in competine to offer le

and practices ous substancerinciples undede transport o

D R EP O RT P U R

V E N T I ON A N D

S

d holds a lonprocessed ano the environe a leading ms direct respents on govso Directive ag countries.

Seveso appstandard appued that the

stern borderh as the Danuurce for all b

xperience witver mining dnia due to e rivers.

r Europe (UNropean Unio

ularly when Etionals are pto impose Eerators who emicals man

g for marketess regulated

established tes. The term rlying risk ma

of dangerous

R P O S E S

ng history nd stored nment. It model for ponsibility vernment are being

roach in proach to e EU has

rs, and all ube River bordering th several isaster of excessive

N ECE) on on and in

European present in European are less

nagement

t share in d market

o support does not

nagement goods if it

IN T R O DU

ST RA T E G Y

PR E P AR E D

conditiorelations

In additilegislatiowas modcolonies Seveso aProgramprogramimplemedevelopisupport

1.1 G

The initisupport programand tooltheir resenvironm

Tfk

Tnw

To

3 This docaccident terminoloincorporaunder theefforts tar

CT ION A N D R

Y F O R CAP A

DN E SS PR OG R

ns. The disaships with the

on to 28 Meon. The UN delled in larof EU coun

approach intomme, with summe, the Fenting a Seving countrieschemical acc

GOALS, OB

iative aims aand guidan

mme. The sts developed

sponsibilities ment. For th

To establish for improvinknowledge aTo give accenetwork of with the EuroTo offer traiover time, as

cument geneprevention”, f

ogy for third ating compleme name “Sevesrgeted by this

EP ORT P U R P O

A CI TY BU I L D

RA M M E S IN EU

advantage be European c

ember StatesECE Industriage part afte

ntries (notabo their chembstantial sup

Flexible Framveso-like prs, including ccident preven

BJECTIVES

at building snce on a birategy for ac in the EU anin preventin

is purpose, t

active partng the effectiv

and tools necess to inforEU governmopean Commning worksh

s feasible and

rally uses thefor short) rath

countries whmentary initiatso”. All the sa project.

OS E S

IN G ON CH

U NE IGH BO U R

ecomes elevcommon ma

, a number oal Accidents

er the Sevesoly Great Brit

mical accidentpport from tmework forogramme ocomprehensntion and pre

S AND STR

sustainable lateral, multchieving thisnd elsewhereng chemicalhe strategy i

erships with veness of prcessary for admation, tool

ment, industrmission on thhops and indd based on o

term “chemiher than the tehere other legtives of intername, the Seves

E M I CA L AC C

RH O O D CO U N

vated when trket.

of CandidateConvention,o Directive. tain and Frants preventionthe Europear Chemical or improvingive guidanceeparedness (

RATEGY

CAPP progratilateral or rs goal is intee to facilitate accidents ts around the

Neighbourhogramme imdditional prols and knowry and internhis importantdividualised objectives ag

cal accident perm “Seveso”.gislative regimnational organso Directive is

C I D E N T PREV

N T R I E S

these countr

Countries a targeting acMoreover,

nce), have an legislation.n Commissio

Accident Pg programme and tools f(CAPP) progr

ammes in Eregional basended to ope effective gohat can harm

e achievemen

hood Countrmplementatioogress. wledge prodnational stakt topic. advice and reed with pa

prevention an Chemical acmes are opernizations and

explicitly the

E N T I O N A N D

ries also ben

re in the proccidents withnumerous cdopted a su Most recenon, has devePrevention

mes with Sevfor building rammes.3

ENPI countrieis to countrtimize accesovernment am individualnt of these ke

ies and idenon and specif

uced by thekeholders in

support for rticipating co

nd preparedneccident prevenrative. It alsoother non-EUreference mo

D PA

efit from spe

ocess of adoph transboundountries tha

ubstantial pontly, the UN Eeloped a comand Prepar

veso-type pcapacity to i

es through ries participass to existingnd industry ls, communitey objectives

tify critical pfic gaps in te

e JRC and tlong collab

improving countries.

ess” (or CAPPntion is a moro implies an

U countries thodel for all cap

A G E 19 O F 31

ecial trading

pting Sevesodary impacts,t were once

ortion of theEnvironmentmprehensiveredness, onrovisions, inimprove and

a consistentating in theg knowledgeexecution ofties and thes:

priorities echnical

he vast boration

capacity

P or “chemicalre transparent

openness tohat do not gopacity building

g

o ,

e e t e n n d

t e e f e

l t o o g

PA GE 20 O F

Developinginterventionpriority neelegislative sa specific restarting poicountry’s oprevention a

Maintaininthe capacitbuilding its has an immaccidents hathe catalyspreparednethe cornerstand thereby

Therefore, tand interpreincludes conframeworksand make psectors becoto making tshould be starting fromthis road, experience aimplement

32 SP

g a countryns will targeeds and intetrengths), suegion. For tnt and objecwn informedand prepared

ng motivatioty building tCAPP progra

mediate situaave occurredt for the css. In develotone aroundy give shared

the first job et the answenducting a sus in place to progress, a rome drivers the region srecognized tm top to bobut seekingand collaborimportant le

ST RA T E G Y FO R

PR E P A R E DN E S

y strategy it building nernal advantupplementedhis reason, ectives. A coud assessmendness.

on is a key toteam must amme infras

ation of concd involving thcountry streoping the co

d which systed direction an

of the capacers in a meaurvey to estaaddress themregional appfor establishelf-sufficientthat reachin

ottom, takes targeted te

rate with othssons learne

R CAP A C IT Y BS PR OG RA M M

is a bottomnational capatages (e.g.,

d by multilateeach countryuntry’s priornt of its stre

o making anidentify the tructure. A ccern, for exahe transport ngthening i

ountry’s stratematic imprond purpose t

city building aningful contablish each com and their eproach may bing regional

t and self-mog the goal oyears to achechnical super countries d from accid

BU I L D I N G O N

MES IN EU NEI

m-up exercisacity in govexperts in i

eral expert wy’s capacity bities in this rengths and

d sustaining country’s m

country that ample, a new

of dangerouits commitmtegy, therefoovements to to capacity b

team is to htext. To addountry’s profeffectivenessbecome posnetworks of

otivated towof an effectihieve. Somepport in ceras a way to s

dents elsewhe

IN T R O

CH E M I CA L AC

I G H B O U RH O O

se. In the iernment andindustry and

workshops fobuilding progregard can bweaknesses

progress. Vmotivation(s)is a serious

w refinery is us goods. T

ment to cheore, the most

the existing uilding effor

help the coudress this nefiles in regars. In a subseqssible in whicf exchange a

wards furtherive and come countries mrtain areas, stimulate innere.

OD U CT IO N A N D

C CI D EN T PRE V

OD CO U NT R I E S

initiative’s fid industry bd academia, r all Neighbogramme will

be establishein regard t

Very early in ) for seekingpartner in cabeing built hese types oemical accidt urgent neeinfrastructur

rts.

ntry ask itseeed, the first d to existingquent phase,ch certain cond capacity sr progress ovmprehensive may be alrea

or simply lnovation in th

D R EP O RT P U R

V E N T I ON A N D

S

rst phase, Ebased on a

and regulaourhood Couhave its ow

d on the basto chemical

each countryg support iapacity buildor numerou

of situations dent preventds often canre can be un

lf the right qyear of the

(known) haz, as countrieountries andsupport withver the longCAPP progr

ady well-advaooking to eheir program

R P O S E S

EU expert country’s

atory and untries or

wn unique sis of the accident

y project, n further ing often

us serious often are tion and

n become ndertaken

questions initiative

zards, the s engage

d industry h the view -term. It ramme, if anced on exchange

mmes and

IN T R O DU

ST RA T E G Y

PR E P AR E D

As showstakeholassociaterelevant awarenebuilding be less targetedparties cawarene

1.1.1 A

The JRC years to knowledJRC and Accessiocloser copreventio

CT ION A N D R

Y F O R CAP A

DN E SS PR OG R

wn in Figure ders establised barriers t

governmeness and inter

and improvrepresentati

d to build awcould alreadyess and know

ACCESS TO

has worked disseminategebase on ia number o

on Countries o-operation on and prep

EP ORT P U R P O

A CI TY BU I L D

RA M M E S IN EU

1.2 a typicalshing a set oo and opport ministries

rest in workivement incluon outside

wareness). Ty initiate in t

wledge to sup

O INFORMA

together wite good practndustrial riskof Member Sin building

among interparedness un

OS E S

IN G ON CH

U NE IGH BO U R

Figure 1.2

l country proof agreed objrtunities for with repres

ng on chemdes bringinggovernmenthe results whe project. T

pport decisio

ATION, TO

th DG-ENV, Mice for chemk assessmentStates have capacity to

rnational orgnder the um

E M I CA L AC C

RH O O D CO U N

A standard

oject might jectives, incluaddressing t

sentatives ofmical hazard g awareness t in the first

will be used tTraining wor

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OOLS AND

Member Statmical accident

t and lessonplayed compimplement S

ganisations wbrella of the

C I D E N T PREV

N T R I E S

process cyc

start with anuding analysthem. The sf those induissues (sinceto the wide

t stage - anto define a srkshops wou

KNOWLED

te competent preventions learned froplimentary roSeveso effecwith mandatee Inter-Agenc

E N T I O N A N D

le

n introductiois of potenti

stakeholders ustries who e part of ther community

n objective ostrategy and ld accompan

DGE

t authorities and to build

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D PA

on to the proal chemical hat this stagehave already

e process of y of interestsof the projepriority acti

ny the projec

and industryd an extensivs. Since earlting Candidaeover, the emd with chemtion Group f

A G E 21 O F 33

ogramme tohazards, ande tend to bey significantprogramme

s, there mayect could beons that thect to provide

y for over 30ve Europeany 2000 bothate and Pre-mergence ofical accidentfor Chemical

o d e t e y e e e

0 n h -f t l

PA GE 22 O F

and Industrsupport theneighbourh

This experieand experie

Theto awith

Memwelof h

Inteaspandsust

The initiativrelated supENLARG anpolicy progknowledge elements oflearned, etc

4 The GroupOrganisationthe United Nworked togeTransbounda2007 in buildthat are expeThe Group contributing Health OrganAffairs (UNEP

34 SP

rial Accidente Commissionood countrie

ence suggestence to influe

e Commissiona wide rangeh experience mber States l as a wealth

highly diverseernational orects of chem

d credibility tainable prog

ve would alsoport to the d DG-DEVCO

gramme arein the regio

f the progra.) from EU M

p includes so for Economic

Nations Economether with UNary Conventionding the Flexiberiencing rapialso offers substantial su

nisation, the JP-OCHA JEU),

ST RA T E G Y FO R

PR E P A R E DN E S

ts4, providesn’s initiative es.

ts a team appence strategy

n brings a br of informatiin applying and industry

h of practicale chemical hrganisations

mical accidenin developi

gress in envir

o rely on knoENPI countr

O and potenas that are

ons. Variousamme (e.g., T

Member State

me of the Cc Cooperationmic CommissiNECE to provn on Industriable Frameworkd industrializamore opportupport to cheoint Environmand the Organ

R CAP A C IT Y BS PR OG RA M M

s additional to promote

proach to thy and training

road perspecion and specthis knowledy experts bri experience azard sites. have dedic

nt preventionng countriesronmental m

owledge andries. In parntially other r

vital to ths other EU sTwinning proes can be targ

Commission’s and Developon for Europe

vide advice al Accidents sink, a programmation and neetunity for Euemical accidenmental Unit of nisation for th

BU I L D I N G O N

MES IN EU NEI

tools, mateimprovemen

e project thag.

ctive on diffecific core comdge to a varieng some simin applying t

ated progran and prepars in targetin

management

d networks orticular, advirelevant poli

he creation support instrojects, wheregeted to mee

long time inment (OECD),

e (UNECE). Thnd technical

nce its inceptiomed aimed at d support to

uropean Comnt prevention,

UNEP and the Prohibition

IN T R O

CH E M I CA L AC

I G H B O U RH O O

erials and opnt in chemica

at allows a va

erent implemmpetences foety of nation

milar and somthe science o

ammes and redness as wng their serand disaster

of other policce and praccy DGs is esand sustain

ruments coue knowledgeet needs in E

nternational p the United N

he European Csupport to c

on. They havefast-growing address the i

mmission collapreparednes

e UN Office fof Chemical W

OD U CT IO N A N D

C CI D EN T PRE V

OD CO U NT R I E S

pportunities al accident p

aried combin

mentation apor chemical ral and local s

me different of prevention

tools to suwell as substarvices to achr risk reductio

cy DGs provictical supporsential to de

nability of euld also be ee transfer (gENPI countrie

partners in thNations EnvironCommission ancountries on e also worked economies anncreased risksaboration wits and responsfor the CoordiWeapons (OPC

D R EP O RT P U R

V E N T I ON A N D

S

for collaboprevention in

nation of com

proaches, acrisk managemsettings. competencen on a multit

pport imporantial experiehieve long ton.

ding variousrt from DG-Eeveloping linexpert resouemployed toood practicees).

his field, inclunment Progrand Member Simplementatioclosely with U

nd developings of chemical th other orgse, including tination of Hum

CW).

R P O S E S

ration to n the EU’s

mpetence

ccess ment

es, as tude

rtant ence term

s types of ENV, DG-ks across rces and

o support e, lessons

uding the mme, and tates have on of the

UNEP since g countries

accidents. ganisations the World manitarian

IN T R O DU

ST RA T E G Y

PR E P AR E D

1.1.2 T

Capacityaddress essentialintroducfacilitatin

EffectiveassumesFlexible the elemwhich onspecific a

Uca

TEir

Ri(e

Tuicmmt

1.2 O

Over thebuilding reductioUnited Nprinciple

CT ION A N D R

Y F O R CAP A

DN E SS PR OG R

TRAINING

y building reqthe individu

lly a collectiocing and appng expert exc

e capacity bus considerabFramework”)

ments of the pnes are selecattention in d

Understandichemical accand why cheThe institutEstablishing/influences orequirementsRisk assessmidentifying t(severity/freqenforcing anTechnical aurgent needindustry safechemical hazmitigation mmanagementhat looks bo

OVERVIEW

e last few dein a variet

n that are cloNations Confes of capacit

EP ORT P U R P O

A CI TY BU I L D

RA M M E S IN EU

WORKSHO

quires a flexual needs oon of serviceplying data changes, and

ilding also isle flexibility ). In practiceprogramme, cted to start developing c

ing the natcident and coemical accidetional frame/ reinforcing of interfacins, may also nment of hahe factors coquency). Thed implement

and practicad in many coety managerzard sites a

measures. St deficiencie

oth at technic

W OF THE I

cades, the iny of fields, osely relatedference on Ey building th

OS E S

IN G ON CH

U NE IGH BO U R

OPS AND I

ible approacf each counes, typically icollection an

d strategic co

s based on a in how to

e, this factorand can proand, to a la

countries are

ture of a chollecting andents are occuework for m

enabling leng legislationeed to be adazardous cheontributing te ability to idting almost e

al training fountries is ors and govend how to uch program

es on sites, wcal measures

IMPLEMEN

nternational cin particula

d to chemicalEnvironment hat are still

E M I CA L AC C

RH O O D CO U N

INDIVIDUA

ch and so a ntry and proincluding trand analyticaonsultations

systematic smake the c

r suggests thovide supporrge extent, h:

hemical accd analysing acrring in the c

monitoring aegislation andon, such addressed. emical sitesto higher ordentify chemevery elemenfor implemeoften to estarnment insprecognize a

mmes may bwith a view ts and safety

NTATION

community hr the fields accident preand Developapplied toda

C I D E N T PREV

N T R I E S

ALISED SUP

broad and domote a susaining worksl tools, onlinon specific p

structured cooncept work

hat the capacrt for each, bhow they are

cident. Apccident inforcountry.

and enforcind associatedas chemical

s. Recognizr lower risk,

mical hazardsnt of a CAPP enting key ablish sustai

pectors on sand implemebegin with tto eventuallymanagemen

METHOD

has obtainedof environm

evention. Aspment (UNCay [1]. Whil

E N T I O N A N D

PPORT

diverse rangestainable apphops on diffne access toprogramme a

onceptual apk for each ccity buildingut the count

e delivered.

plying a comrmation to un

ng chemical d regulatory l identificat

zing which sand estimati

s and assess programmeprogrammenable traininafety manag

ent appropriatraining to ay moving tot systems.

OLOGY

d considerabmental protes noted in Bo

CED) of 1992e there can

D PA

e of tools is proach. Theferent elemeo tools and aspects.

proach (e.g. country (e.g. team has p

try’s situationAreas that o

mmon definnderstanding

risk managrequirement

tion and la

sites are hazing the levelrisks is essen. e componenng programmgement systeate preventi

address basicowards an ap

le experienceection and

ox 1, Agenda specifically be substant

A G E 23 O F 35

necessary toe toolbox isnts, projectsinformation,

Seveso), but. the “UNEP

pre-identifiedn determinesoften require

ition of g where

gement. ts. The abelling

zardous, l of risk ntial for

nts. An mes for ems for on and c safety pproach

e in capacitydisaster risk 21 from theoutlined thetial technical

o s s ,

t P d s e

y k e e l

PA GE 24 O F

differences, the topic als

The UN Devwhich is the

12345

The UNDP ownership, importance those in theothers, netwthat can lea

Most recenrelevant direas follows:

This initiativmain centreto provide aJRC’s experneed in devtools to undand industrobstacle to

36 SP

a number oso suggested

Identifyin Being clea Using a w Target the Making th Institution

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Priority 1: Priority 2: Priority 3: Priority 4:

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OS E S

IN G ON CH

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an option foing the counreduce chem

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Box 1 Capa

agreed at the(Brazil) in 199al mechanism

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nal and resourcapacity buildcy choices anenvironmenta

As a result,

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E M I CA L AC C

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city building

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us capacity buegional and re

C I D E N T PREV

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stream line scal accident ore efficientl

in governm

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successes in r achievemeal, social antunities, whilDG-ECHO si

er risk reduc

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uilding in this egional capac

E N T I O N A N D

taff of numerisk would

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nd cultural ale at the samimilarly has etion for all

a 21

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ation for capac

is determinedal and geogras human, s

ty to evaluaten among deveof needs as pe

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in some coattitudes and

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nment and Deustainable decity building’,

d to a large exphical conditi

scientific, tec

e and address elopment opterceived by thepacities is sha

area are to depabilities for

A G E 25 O F 37

isations withationalisationover, a

onducive to

a technicalers producedy building isbarriers of a

w the rate ofe part cannotshould focusy encourage

ountries longd structures.blish a visionn supportingluding man-

evelopment velopment. notes that:

xtent by the ons.”

chnological,

the crucial ions, based e people of ared by all

evelop and sustainable

h n

o

l d s a f t s e g .

n g -

PA GE 26 O F

There are a Namari et aof comprehgovernancerisk reductioways of incbuilding progaps of caimportant vfor capacitycapacity assexperience. to be clarirecommendand long te

Taking on binitiative inc

38 SP

number of ol. [5] recomm

hensive disase (i.e., municion responsibcreasing comoviders, and pacity build

variables for y building isessment, mo They note tfied concret

ding a more rm needs.

board this cocorporate the

A systemaaccident pmaterials. A mechancountry prstrengths preparedneA range oconceptuafocus on spmonitoringtools, facilitOngoing da combinaexisting knad hoc conIndividual collaborationeeds and time and re

ST RA T E G Y FO R

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other ideas fomend that legster managepal, governo

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OS E S

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city buildinghe Seveso Daterials for using Principleshemical Accge [8]. The necessary for Countries.

ALISTIC AN

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A G E 27 O F 39

edness in EUlready beenseful for thisNEP Flexible

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PA GE 28 O F

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Capacity buDirective) amotivation prevention one-time evmultiple yeaaudience. Tprocess for of thematic a decade to

The compomany yearsimplementacollection collaboratiodynamic prorequired to emergence

40 SP

circumstances shown Figaccount of t

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o implement.

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BU I L D I N G O N

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EP ORT P U R P O

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ce in capacimatic units n the ENPI pbuilding prio

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OS E S

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ity building likely to becprogramme. orities by dethematic uning of its mai

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prevention, ity building ssix typical thndicated in thunit to definish the conten various ess

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A G E 29 O F 41

possible toone or moreroutinely areparagraphs.

ptual model,ting point ofng blocks of

asking cident to the

efforts. hs and tifying

ystems

ematic cilities

dentify enting builds

dustry, hazard

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PA GE 30 O F

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5 The Sevesomajor accid

42 SP

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tech Risk Aident, specif

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A G E 31 O F 43

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44 SP

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46 SP

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A G E 37 O F 49

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A G E 47 O F 59

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70 SP

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OU T C OM

CH E M I CA L AC

I G H B O U RH O O

considered

ining matersh, Russian

ctors who has of the prog

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1 2

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ve different gram. The f

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2 3 4

interests at sfeedback pro

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nit

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Table 2.5 F

mments / o

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hould be opnd” and “We

nvolved by nal institutCEFIC, EPS

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ocal experersities and

powered in on programs of the proj

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rsity studenare the ne

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the countme should ject.

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the countrie).

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72 SP

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2 3 4

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staff (nachemicaselectio

2.3.4 A

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ECD has entation toe useful for

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mments / o

local level) t preventiors of Trainer

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people who responsibilitie and uniqusented in Tab

ble 2.6 Feed

mments / o

al reports plementatioprovide in

atus of Neig

produced opics from r specific tra

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observation

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XPERIENCES

have been es at differe

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dback on reso

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ns / feedba

stitutional beparedness

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involved inent organisat advice. T

ources and le

ns / feedba

bsite from s in the Easthe current

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ribute valuted. Examp

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ack

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essons learne

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ons on scial projectorts.

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p a safety p

to plant in

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1

lved in ntually

accident preare able to

k provided

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t.

specific ts that

wledge, at the

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evention proshare differby the part

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2 3 4

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ograms withent kinds ofticipants are

c Unit

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h f e

PA GE 62 O F

very The

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74 SP

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te to have m

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ments / obs

t - differencecommende

stry in Azernew offsho

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k at all levels

takes at leanto place a continue tto help thehave got. Texperienceds, and com

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ation of regu

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M ES FR OM T H E

C C I D EN T PRE V

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1 2

nals

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ajor zard

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S

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2 3 4

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manage

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ns are implhey need tn about how

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observation

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s best”. WeIf we wer

more balancountries

can be ownorking in eaand proces

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ns / feedba

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in the Weople to apeople wi

The project quire that t

resourcesey can be

e have deve to start nced and should beed and upd

ach country ses both ofor a negay will also irying to ad

of the ditheir appr

C I D E N T PREV

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ack

of processen consultany system med, updatek long and

ent route anpends upon

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West, it is aaccount. ll be out should makhose with , contracts shamed

veloped proagain, we holistic sy

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E N T I O N A N D

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es and nts for ust be

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Incentives but cannomanageme

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2.3.5 AB

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76 SP

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nt organisaty can providrovided by th

Table 2.7 F

ST RA T E G Y FO R

PR E P A R E DN E S

ments / obs

urement: yomeasure cult

ory of hazaes each instt as a wholend a commoossible diffe

major accidetoxic releas and each

not clear: cderstood.

ave to addwareness o

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tions have ade several suhe participan

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HE APPROA

all had diffeuggestions t

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BU I L D I N G O N

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hink you cade, integrit

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M ES FR OM T H E

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T

1 2

risk zard

that and

es in l be s of

it is bout sure

risk

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main the The

dure

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ng the meth

E E XP E RT WO R

V E N T I ON A N D

S

hematic Un

2 3 4

y building posed by MA

odology

R K S H O P

nit

5 6

programs. HB. The

OU T C O M

ST RA T E G Y

PR E P AR E D

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It wouldhave de

For a nuageing becomidelivery

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assess the cs before evht level in

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observation

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urhood couon it can b

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capacity anvery interven

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RH O O D CO U N

ns / feedba

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frican coun

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ould be invusively in t

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nd roles of tntion to ensmake a po

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part of the Uapproach f

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training ansure that thsitive and

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urhood apacity

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UNECE for the

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D PA

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A G E 65 O F 77

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PA GE 66 O F

resources,

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78 SP

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ments / obs

cal considera

nefit from en producinenforcemened resource

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80 SP

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A G E 71 O F 83

he country’sriving policyg point for

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84 SP

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A G E 73 O F 85

e different inompany sitesindustry butery aspect ofl companies, technical oror generalisthigher level,

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86 SP

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ansfer of risko risk assessm

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A G E 75 O F 87

roject. dova and on

Serbia and

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of materials,

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A G E 79 O F 91

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92 SP

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A G E 81 O F 93

ce indicatorse country toand measurerated in thellel with this

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94 SP

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A G E 83 O F 95

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96 SP

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4 CO

This repchaptersaspects odifferentproject wprogressproactiveand eachmoving f

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USION AND R

Y F OR CA PA

DN E SS PR OG R

ONCLUSIO

ort containss, in particulof the initiatit times, eachwill have its os and respone and interach project witforward and

reason, sevey might be ao evolve from below as fo

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mendations

Establish andeveloping Establish a government blishing acity/Evalua

enting the Sear basis and

R ECOMMEND

A CIT Y BU I LD

RA M M E S IN EU

ONS AND

s a number ar, Chaptersive. It is envish of them wown dynamic

nding to newctive approathin the initiato help anal

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D ATION S

D IN G ON CH

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RECOMM

of conclusios 1-3 form tsioned that tith unique sc and influen

w inputs will rch to overal

ative, can refyse and add

nciples have must be eme in working

ertise to the

an exercise agreeing upviews betwethe structurehe different

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H E M I C A L AC C

RH O O D CO U N

MENDATIO

ons and recothe main bothere will bestarting poinnces that wilrequire a conl implement

fer to main press challeng

been identifphasized tha

g with count

e project

in putting on the proce

een experts we. A team aprocesses th

nd backgrouoject successains and will

xperts for thessful CAPP sommittee fohe project’s s

improvemen

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CI D EN T PRE V

N T R I E S

ONS

ommendatioody of informa number ofts, advantagl drive the pa

nstant monitoation. As su

principles to ges that may

fied along wiat as the initiries on an in

processes inesses is a mawith differenapproach is hat are consnd can brings. A team appromote bu

he Seveso Etrategy in pr

or each projestrategy and

nt/Measurin

ch should beMeasuremen

V E N T IO N A N

ns associatemation provf different coges, disadvanace and outcoring of strat

uch, it is impfollow to ke

y arise.

ith some initiative evolvendividual bas

n motion thatter of judgnt backgrounan interactiv

sidered being a better unpproach will ilding conse

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d with individing input untry project

ntages and ncomes. Keeptegic optionsortant that tep projects o

tial recommes new recomsis. These p

hat can leadement. Mult

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G E 97 O F 109

vidual reporton differentts starting atneeds. Eachping track ofs and both athe initiative,on track and

endations onmmendationsprinciples are

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provide an update part

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4.1. Idein acc

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110 SP

opportunityts of the capa

ndations

evelop an indd the countference modepply the index

ng the levries. ssue is alwayby the keyh a nationalThe lack ofresults susta

ing chemical commitmeentation will

ndations

llow-up on tpolitical com

tablish initiammitment, ndressed first

ying and bunciple that gable businesors) working

ndations

entify which order to initicident prevetiate pilot p

otential mode

ST RA T E G Y FO R

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y for all of thacity building

dex to measries, using thel. x to each cou

vel of polit

ys whether ty governmen vision and f political coainable. The l accident pent and a be fragmen

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parties haveiate and brinntion capacitrojects with els of bilatera

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he players ag model itsel

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BU I L D I N G O N

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nd stakeholdlf.

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CONCLUS

CH E M I CA L AC

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ders involve

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to establish

ational visio

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ION AND RE

C CI D EN T PRE V

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d, to discuss

over time achocess Mode

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accident preitical commint is necessahe country’stes a risk tha

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COMMEND A

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S

s, elicit, eval

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on and risk trisks. there is no pects may ne

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AT IONS

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tolerance,

political eed to be

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serve as

CONCLU

ST RA T E G Y

PR E P AR E D

5. Invoown

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pacity to proP), 600 ktp100 ktpa m

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er es

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ral

ct. fern

ar

sk m

an

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