valor aÑadido de la quimioterapia en el tratamiento … · de la quimioterapia en el tratamiento...
TRANSCRIPT
VALOR AÑADIDO
DE LA QUIMIOTERAPIA
EN EL TRATAMIENTO DEL CNMP
ROSARIO GARCÍA CAMPELO
SERVICIO DE ONCOLOGÍA MÉDICA
HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO A CORUÑA
EVOLUTION OF LUNG CANCER
CLASSIFICATION OVER TIME
M Reck, DF Heigener, T Mok, JC Soria, KF Rabe, 2013
WHAT SHOULD WE DO AND WHY? In practice, quality usually means adherence to
evidence-based guidelines
BSC
Platinum-based
combinations
Single agent
chemotherapy
Gemcitabine,
vinorelbine, or
taxanes
Poor PS (PS≥2)
Carboplatin
+ paclitaxel
or
pemetrexed
ESMO guidelines*
EGFR TKI
(erlotinib)
EGFR mut+
EML4-ALK/EGFR mut+
Crizotinib
EML4-ALK+
EGFR TKI
(gefitinib)
*Category 1 and 2a recommendations
Platinum-based
combination therapy
Diagnosis
Cisplatin
(I,B)
Advanced NSCLC
Non-squamous histology
EML4-ALK-WT /EGFR WT or unknown
Pemetrexed
(II,B) Bevacizumab
+
platinum
based
regimen
(I,A)
Good PS (PS 0–1)
Adapted from NSCLC ESMO Guidelines
Peters, et al. Ann Oncol 2012
Source: Ipsos Oncology Monitor 2011 – Q3 2013 (Moving Annual Totals) – Projected Data, Excludes Clinical Trials.
78%
20%
41%
30%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
% Patients Tested
EGFR - Non-Squamous EGFR - Squamous ALK - Non-Squamous
ALK - Squamous KRAS - Non-Squamous KRAS - Squamous
% Pts Tested Q1’09 Q2‘09 Q3‘09 Q4‘09 Q1’10 Q2‘10 Q3‘10 Q4‘10 Q1'11 Q2'11 Q3'11 Q4'11 Q1'12 Q2'12 Q3'12 Q4'12 Q1'13 Q2'13 Q3'13
EGFR- Squamous 5% 4% 3% 3% 4% 5% 10% 14% 18% 22% 22% 21% 20% 19% 18% 18% 18% 19% 20% EGFR- Non-Squamous 7% 6% 6% 7% 11% 18% 31% 43% 50% 57% 60% 61% 64% 67% 70% 73% 75% 76% 78%
ALK- Squamous - - - - - - - - - 0% 4% 5% 5% 5% 5% 6% 6% 7% 8% ALK- Non-Squamous - - - - - - - - - 12% 10% 13% 14% 16% 20% 24% 31% 36% 41%
KRAS –Squamous - - - - - - - - - - 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 6% 6% 6% KRAS- Non-Squamous - - - - - - - - - - 14% 14% 14% 17% 20% 22% 26% 28% 30%
Evolution of the ALK Testing and EGFR Testing across Histologies
Source: Ipsos Oncology Monitor 2011 – Q3 2013 (Moving Annual Totals) – Projected Data, Excludes Clinical Trials.
% Pts Tested Q3'11 Q4'11 Q1'12 Q2'12 Q3'12 Q4'12 Q1'13 Q2'13 Q3'13
EGFR - Squamous 50% 54% 52% 45% 39% 35% 35% 38% 43%
EGFR - Non-Squamous 73% 74% 76% 77% 79% 81% 80% 81% 80%
ALK - Squamous 5% 4% 3% 3% 2% 1% 2% 3% 9%
ALK - Non-Squamous 4% 5% 6% 8% 12% 13% 17% 23% 29%
KRAS - Squamous 8% 8% 6% 4% 5% 7% 8% 8% 11%
KRAS - Non-Squamous 8% 8% 7% 7% 10% 11% 11% 13% 13%
Summary Overview of the SPANISH Biomarker Testing dynamics across Histologies
Molecular testing is guiding the selection
of treatment in advanced NSCLC
Kris M, et al. WCLC 2013
To date the actual implementation of
personalized medicine into oncology remains
the exception, rather than the rule in most
clinical settings.
THE GOAL OF CHEMOTHERAPY IN NSCLC
Cure…curing cancer is unrealistic for most patients
Prolong survival
Palliative symptoms
GUIDELINE ADHERENCE
Wang et al. Am J Manag Care. 2013
Which are the main factors when selecting
therapy for advanced NSCLC patients?
1. Physician Experience
2. Available Literature
3. Toxicity profile
4. Cost
5. Patient preference
Pater RB, J Clin Oncol 1995
¿Cuál es su opinión respecto al beneficio que aporta la
quimioterapia en pacientes con CNMP estadio IV?
1. Muy significativo
2. Moderado beneficio
3. Escaso beneficio
4. Nulo beneficio
5. Cualquier beneficio se ve superado por la toxicidad del tratamiento
PERSONAL BELIEFS
AND EXPERIENCE
Jennens R et al. Chest 2004
Stinchombe T et al. J Thorac Oncol 2007
VALUE ADDED refers to "extra" feature(s) of
an item of interest (product, service, person
etc.) that go beyond the standard
expectations and provide something "more"
WHAT IS VALUE IN HEALTH CARE?
Main consensus ASCO 2013
“OS endpoint is important”
• OS is a feasible endpoint, though the OS
benefit may be clouded by subsequent
therapies
• Clinical trials should aim to improve OS by
>25%
ASCO stress the use of OS endpoint. Agents hardly expected to provide such OS gain would be no longer needed in clinical practice
http://www.asco.org/practice-research/clinically-meaningful-outcomes
OVERALL SURVIVAL
2 YEARS SURVIVAL RATE NSCLC
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
ECOG1594 JMBD ECOG4599 PARAMOUNT AVAPERL
11%
19% 23%
32%
39%
Schiller J, N Engl J Med 2002; Scagliotti, G. V. et al. J Clin Oncol 2008; Cappuzzo F et al. Lancet Oncol 2010; Ciuleanu TE et al. Lancet 2009; Paz Ares L et al. J Clin Oncol 2013; Barlesi et al. Ann Oncol 2014
Y EN PACIENTES CON
ALTERACIONES MOLECULARES...
LUCES Y SOMBRAS DE LA
MEDICINA PERSONALIZADA
BEYOND:
QT in EGFR Mut+ patients
PF
S (
pri
ma
ry e
nd
po
int)
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0 5 10 15 20 Study month
7.9 12.4
Zhou, et al. WCLC 2013
Carbo/Pac + Pl: EGFR Mut+
Carbo/Pac + Bev: EGFR Mut+
A total of 152 patients contributed tissue for biomarker analysis (n=85 Carbo/Pac + Bev; n=67 Carbo/Pac + Pl)
EGFR mut-pos rate was 27% in Carbo/Pac + Bev and 25% in Carbo/Pac + Pl patients
RESPONSE RATE
TO CHEMOTHERAPY IN EGFR MUTANT
Study Control arm Ethnicity
LUX-lung 3 (n=345)
Afatinib vs Cis/pem
Asian (71%) Caucasian
LUX-LUNG 6 (n=364)
Afatinib vs Cis/Gem Asian
EURTAC (n=174)
Erlotinib v Cis/CBDCA+ Gem/Docetaxel
Caucasian
OPTIMAL (N165)
Erlotinib v Carb/Gem
Asian
WJTOG (n=172)
Gefitinib v Cis/Doc
Asian
NEJ002 (n=230)
Gefitinib v Carb/pacl
Asian
IPASS (n=261)
Gefitinib v Carb/pacl
Asian
SIGNAL (n=42)
Gefitinib Cis/Gem
Asian
Costa et al. J Clin Oncol 2012 Abstr 7523
Mujer 53 años
No fumadora
Dx en Junio 2013
Adenocarcinoma de
pulmón cT3N3M1a
Mut Exon 20
Lee et al. JTO 2011
Any CT in ALK+ patients?
65.7
29.3
6.9
Crizotinib (n=172c)
Pemetrexed (n=99c)
Docetaxel (n=72c)
40
0
Shaw A, et al. NEJM 2013
9.1
Hanna et al. JCO 2005
8.8
TENGO UNA MUTACIÓN KRAS…
Varón de 52 años, fumador de 50 paq/año
Dx en Octubre 2013 Adenocarcinoma de Pulmón, estadio IIIB/IV, EGFR WT, EML4-ALK negativo
Progresión a doblete de platino
ROS1 negativo, BRAF negativo
Kras mutado codon 12
Metro G, et al. Clin Lung Cancer 2014
Macerelli M et al. Lung Cancer 2014
245 advanced NSCLC. 15.9% LTS
① PS 0-1 at the first progression of the tumor
② Normal LDH levels at diagnosis
③ TTP > 3 months
④ Use of maintenance therapy
⑤ Number of chemotherapy agents received
⑥ Surgical resection (median survival 3.8 y)
Giroux Leprieur et al. Respirology 2012
LINES OF SYSTEMIC LINES AND OVERALL SURVIVAL
Reinmuth et al. Respiratory Oncology 2013
LOCAL THERAPY IN ADVANCED NSCLC
WHERE IS LOCAL THERAPY IN RELAPSED NSCLC WITHOUT GENETIC
ALTERATIONS?
Varón de 53 años, fumador de 60 paq/ año
En Julio 2010: Lobectomía sup derecha y linfadenectomía mediastínica mediante VATS derecha
Adenoca mixto con focos de diferenciación escamosa y neuroendocrina pT1N0M0. Ck7+ TTF1+
En Seguimiento hasta Diciembre 2011: progresión ósea, pulmonar, mediastínica y renal
EGFR WT, EML4-ALK negativo
RT paliativa sobre C5-C6
Inicia CDDP+Pem alcanzando RP a las 4 ciclos
Pem mantenimiento 20 ciclos
Mayo 2013: PE renal derecha, dolor en fosa renal y hematuria
TRAS 19 CICLOS DE PEMETREXED MANTENIMIENTO
FOLLOWING THE GUIDELINE
¿Cuál sería el valor añadido de un tratamiento de segunda línea
en términos de supervivencia libre de progresión?
1. 6 meses
2. 8 meses
3. 2-3 meses
4. 5 meses
5. 9 meses
Nefrectomía radical derecha en Julio 2013 vía
laparoscópica
METÁSTATIS DE UN CARCINOMA NEUROENDOCRINO DE ALTO GRADO, CONCORDANTE CON ORIGEN PULMONAR, DE 5,5 CM. DE DIÁMETRO MÁXIMO, QUE INFILTRA PARÉNQUIMA RENAL, PELVIS RENAL Y GRASA DEL HILIO RENAL.
NO EVIDENCIA DE PROGRESIÓN…
Marzo 2014
27 meses después de la progresión sistémica
THE TRUE ADDED VALUE…
Making progress in the value framework requires real teamwork, which sometimes seems an unnatural
act in health care.
The value framework thus makes enormous demands for cultural and organizational change among health
care providers.
Michael Porter. NEJM 2010
So, in summary…
I do believe we know much more about NSCLC cancer than some years ago: Tumors can now be defined by molecular drivers
And although I do believe is time to significantly raise the bar…superstars in oncology are the exception…progress in oncology is incremental
Chemotherapy still has a role in this new era of personalized medicine
Although following guidelines is highly recommended…
Lung Cancer is a life-threatening disease: access to potential active drugs and potential active therapeutic options is critical
SOME MYTHS…
Value added only applies to complex products.
All customers are value added targets
Value added selling is a LOT of extra work.