vaccines_the week in review_15 december 2012

7/30/2019 Vaccines_The Week in Review_15 December 2012

1/32

This weekly summary targets news, events, announcements, articles and research in the global vaccine ethics and policy space and is aggregated from key governmental, NGO, international organization and industry sources, key peer-reviewed journals, and other media channels. This summary proceeds from the broad base of themes and issues monitored by the Center for Vaccine Ethics & Policy in its work: it is not intended to be exhaustive in its coverage. Vaccines: The Week in Review is also posted in pdf form and as a set of blog posts at http://centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.wordpress.com/ . This blog allows full-text searching of over 3,500 entries.

Comments and suggestions should be directed to

David R. Curry, MS Editor and Executive Director Center for Vaccine Ethics & Policy

[email protected]

- A pdf version of this issue is available here: http://centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.wordpress.com/

Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon commented, The new initiative will invest in prevention,treatment, and education it will take a holistic approach to tackling the cholera challenge. Themain focus is on the extension of clean drinking water and sanitation systems but we are alsodetermined to save lives now through the use of an oral cholera vaccine. Because globalvaccines are in short supply, we will first target high-risk areas: densely populated urban areasand rural areas far removed from health services. As production increases, the vaccine effortwill expand its reach. Launched at UN Headquarters in New York in the presence of government officials from the two countries, the new initiative will support an existing campaign

known as the Initiative for the Elimination of Cholera in the Island of Hispaniola establishedalmost a year ago by the Presidents of Haiti and the Dominican Republic.

The UN chief said resources will be critical, with Haiti needing almost US$500 million over thenext two years to carry out its national implementation plan for the disease. Noting that the

relevant humanitarian appeals are less than half-funded, Mr. Ban said he will use everyopportunity in the months ahead to mobilize more funding. Today I am pleased to announcethat $215 million in existing funds from bilateral and multilateral donors will be used to supportthe initiative. I thank the donor community for this generous commitment. The United Nationswill do its part. We are committing $23.5 million, building on the $118 million the UN systemhas spent on the cholera response to date. http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=43743&Cr=cholera&Cr1#.UM0fw6xWKVo
http://centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.wordpress.com/mailto:[email protected]://centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.wordpress.com/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=43743&Cr=cholera&Cr1#.UM0fw6xWKVomailto:[email protected]://centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.wordpress.com/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=43743&Cr=cholera&Cr1#.UM0fw6xWKVohttp://centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.wordpress.com/


2/32

GSK said the initial focus of the new partnership will be a one-year pilot vaccinationproject in Mozambique, supported by Save the Children and run in collaboration with theMozambique Ministry of Health. The project aims to establish if mobile technology solutionscould increase the proportion of children covered by vaccination in Mozambique by anadditional 5-10% through helping to encourage mothers to take up vaccination services,support health workers, improve record keeping, and enable better management of vaccinestock. Sir Andrew Witty, CEO of GSK, said, Innovative technologies whether mobile devices,medicines or vaccines are helping to transform global health. Organisations such as UNICEFand GAVI have played a key role in making vaccines much more accessible in Africa but barriersstill exist which stop children from benefitting from basic immunisation. This new partnershipcombines GSKs expertise, knowledge and resources with those of Vodafone with the potentialto deliver life-saving vaccines to tens of thousands more children in Mozambique. Our hope isthat together we will create a sustainable and scalable model which could ultimately be

replicated to help more children live healthy lives across developing countries. GSK and Vodafone said the pilot will use mobile technology to address barriers to increased

take-up of vaccines in Mozambique in three key ways:- Mothers and caregivers will be registered on a Mozambique Ministry of Health database andalerted by SMS to the availability and importance of lifesaving vaccinations against commonchildhood diseases. Mothers will be able to schedule vaccination appointments by SMS andreceive notifications of past and future vaccinations to ensure children complete the fullschedule and become fully immunised.- Health workers will be provided with smartphones with software allowing them to contactmothers, view and record vaccination histories, schedule vaccinations and report on follow-upvisits.- Healthcare facilities will be prompted to regularly report on crucial vaccination stock levels bySMS. This will enable critical supply chain management and the availability of vaccines whenand where they are needed, particularly in rural areas.

The pilot will include up to 100 clinics and will be independently tested to prove its impact,effectiveness and cost benefits. To ensure open access, the platform will be available tocaregivers across any mobile network and can be used to increase take-up of any selectedvaccine.http://www.gsk.com/media/press-releases/2012/GSK-forms-partnership-with-Vodafone-to-help-increase-childhood-vaccination-in-Mozambique.html

WHO Statement13 December 2012
http://www.gsk.com/media/press-releases/2012/GSK-forms-partnership-with-Vodafone-to-help-increase-childhood-vaccination-in-Mozambique.htmlhttp://www.gsk.com/media/press-releases/2012/GSK-forms-partnership-with-Vodafone-to-help-increase-childhood-vaccination-in-Mozambique.htmlhttp://www.gsk.com/media/press-releases/2012/GSK-forms-partnership-with-Vodafone-to-help-increase-childhood-vaccination-in-Mozambique.htmlhttp://www.gsk.com/media/press-releases/2012/GSK-forms-partnership-with-Vodafone-to-help-increase-childhood-vaccination-in-Mozambique.html


3/32

WHO welcomes the data gathering and methodological innovations of the Global Burden of Disease 2010 (GBD) which has relied on the contributions of many researchers and scientists,including some from WHO.

In some areas, there was close collaboration between the Institute for Health Metrics andEvaluation (IHME) and WHO staff and the GBD results are similar to WHOs recent estimates. Inother areas, the results of the GBD differ substantially from existing analyses done by WHO andother United Nations agencies at global, regional and country levels. In yet many other areas,the GBD results update, and are broadly similar to, previous WHO analyses.

Academic institutions such as IHME have a strong interest in developing novel, cutting-edgemethods for their research. This can result in scientific advances which may influence official UNstatistics, once replicated and evaluated by other experts.

In an effort to provide the world with the best possible comparable global health statistics,WHO will host a meeting in February 2013 to take stock of existing and new approaches inglobal health estimation and to discuss ways to improve current practices.

Participants will include chairs of key WHO disease expert groups, relevant UN agencies,donors and representatives from countries and academia, including IHME.Producing internationally comparable statistics

WHO is accountable to Member States and works closely with them to produce internationallycomparable statistics that adhere to agreed criteria and methodologies. We work continuouslywith experts from academic institutions to develop and improve our methods and to take intoaccount new developments in data and analytic methods. We anticipate that we will make useof many of the GBD analyses, and that others will influence further research and scientificdebate towards improving global health estimates.Improving health information systems

The real need is to improve the accuracy of global health data so that we no longer have torely so much on statistical modelling to estimate the disease burden. Currently only 34 countries

representing 15% of the worlds population produce high quality cause-of-death data andalmost all of these are in Europe and the Americas. WHO is committed to working closely withdeveloping countries to improve their health information systems including birth and deathregistration.http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2012/global_burden_disease_20121213/en/index.html

GA/11326Sixty-seventh General Assembly

Plenary53rd Meeting (AM)

Recognizing the intrinsic role of health in achieving international development goals, theGeneral Assembly today through the unanimous adoption of a resolution on global health andforeign policy encouraged Governments to plan or pursue the transition towards universalaccess to affordable and quality health-care services.

By that text, the Assembly, calling for more attention to health as an important cross-cuttingpolicy issue, urged Member States, civil society and international organizations to incorporate
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2012/global_burden_disease_20121213/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2012/global_burden_disease_20121213/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2012/global_burden_disease_20121213/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2012/global_burden_disease_20121213/en/index.htmlhttp://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2012/ga11326.doc.htmhttp://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2012/ga11326.doc.htmhttp://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2012/ga11326.doc.htm


4/32

universal health coverage in the international development agenda and in the implementationof the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals.

The Assembly also recognized that improving social protection towards universal coverage is an investment in people that empowers them to adjust to changes in the economy and thelabour market and helps support a transition to a more sustainable, inclusive and equitableeconomy. As such, while planning or pursuing the transition towards universal coverage,Member States were encouraged to continue investing in health-delivery systems to increaseand safeguard the range and quality of services and meet the health needs of their populations.

Further, Member States were encouraged to recognize the links between the promotion of universal health coverage and other foreign policy issues, such as the social dimension of globalization, inclusive and equitable growth and sustainable development

Dr Margaret ChanDirector-General of the World Health OrganizationOpening remarks at an informal Member State consultation on health in the post-2015

development agenda Geneva, Switzerland14 December 2012Excerpt

I am further aware of how much the world has changed in just the past decade. All aroundthe world, health is being shaped by the same powerful forces, like demographic ageing, rapidurbanization, and the globalization of unhealthy lifestyles. The distinctions between healthproblems in wealthy and resource-constrained countries have become blurred.

In such a world situation, a compact, like the MDGs, between the haves and the have-notsloses some of its power to capture current challenges to development and shape their solutions.

As a string of global crises demonstrated, this is a world in which the international systemsthat govern trade, financial markets, and business relations can have a greater impact on theopportunities of citizens, also for better health, than the policies of their sovereigngovernments.

Chronic noncommunicable diseases have overtaken infectious diseases as the leading causeof mortality worldwide. Health has moved into a new political space in which the main causes of ill health and premature death have their roots in non-health sectors beyond the direct purviewof health officials.Ladies and gentlemen,

I have personal views about the place of health in the post-2015 agenda. This is no secret. Iregard universal health coverage as the single most powerful concept that public health has tooffer. It is inclusive. It unifies services and delivers them in a comprehensive and integratedway, based on primary health care.

I will say no more. The purpose of this meeting is to listen to you and benefit from yourthinking and experience.

Just one final comment. Any new goals must have unbeatable political appeal. Withoutstrong political commitment, no goal on the new agenda can leverage real progress. http://www.who.int/dg/speeches/2012/mdgs_post2015/en/index.html
http://www.who.int/dg/speeches/2012/mdgs_post2015/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/dg/speeches/2012/mdgs_post2015/en/index.html


5/32

RATING RATIONALE The affirmation is largely based on the strong support and committed grant payments from

IFFIm's donor countries, and particularly from its two largest donors, the UK ('AAA'/Negative)and France ('AAA'/Negative). Other donors include the government of Australia ('AAA'/Stable),Italy ('A-'/Negative), the Netherlands ('AAA'/Stable), Norway ('AAA'/Stable), South Africa('BBB+'/Negative), Spain ('BBB'/Negative) and Sweden ('AAA'/Stable). Support from donors isstrong because of their high overall credit quality and the legally binding nature of donors'commitments. In Fitch's opinion, repudiation of these commitments would impose severereputational damage.

Funds raised by IFFIm on the financial markets are disbursed as grants to GAVI, a globalhealth partnership committed to improving access to immunisation for children in impoverishedcountries, which in turn distributes them to recipient countries. IFFIm has enjoyed strongparticipation from the international community. The number of donor countries has increased tonine from six since its creation in 2006. IFFIm's resources essentially consist of grants, which

have been pledged by donors at inception, and are disbursed over a period of up to 23 years.They also include interest on funds raised on the market and held in trust as a liquidity buffer.New pledges have been received since then, including USD144m from Australia and Italy in2011. At end-June 2011, the fair value of pledges receivable amounted to USD3.4bn; based onend-October 2012 figures. The UK is the largest contributor, with 47.5% of total pledges,followed by France, with 27.4%.http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/12/14/idUSWLB239220121214

, the highest annual amount thatJapan has ever made in 10 years of vigorous support The payment of the second tranche of US$ 127 million follows a first payment of US$ 216 million which was made in March. GabrielJaramillo, General Manager of the Global Fund, said, "Japan has once more shown with thisvote of confidence in the Global Fund that it is a leader in the fight against disease. http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/mediacenter/newsreleases/2012-12-14_Japan_2012_Contribution_to_the_Global_Fund_is_the_Highest_it_Has_Ever_Made/

notingthat it was conceived primarily as an operations guide for members of the Global Fund Board,(and) lays out with clarity and precision the Fund's various structures and operations. Comprised of ten PDF documents, the Handbook can be found

here: http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/board/

The , vol. 87, 51/52 (pp.509526) includes:- Global Polio Eradication Initiative: 7th meeting of the Independent Monitoring Board- Establishing surveillance for acute meningitis and encephalitis syndromes through expansion
http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/12/14/idUSWLB239220121214http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/mediacenter/newsreleases/2012-12-14_Japan_2012_Contribution_to_the_Global_Fund_is_the_Highest_it_Has_Ever_Made/http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/mediacenter/newsreleases/2012-12-14_Japan_2012_Contribution_to_the_Global_Fund_is_the_Highest_it_Has_Ever_Made/http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/board/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/12/14/idUSWLB239220121214http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/mediacenter/newsreleases/2012-12-14_Japan_2012_Contribution_to_the_Global_Fund_is_the_Highest_it_Has_Ever_Made/http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/mediacenter/newsreleases/2012-12-14_Japan_2012_Contribution_to_the_Global_Fund_is_the_Highest_it_Has_Ever_Made/http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/board/


6/32

of poliomyelitis and measles surveillance networks in Bangladesh, China and India, 20062008- Chagas disease factsheet- Index of countries/areas- Index, Volume 87, 2012, Nos. 152http://www.who.int/entity/wer/2012/wer8751_52.pdf

Global Polio Eradication Initiativehttp://www.polioeradication.org/Dataandmonitoring/Poliothisweek.aspx[Editors Extract] - A report on polio eradication was prepared for next months WHO Executive Board (EB)meeting in Geneva, Switzerland. The EB is expected to focus its discussions on the progressand remaining challenges associated with the emergency action plans and to review theendgame strategy. The full report in English is available here [see also excerpt below]- Two polio vaccinators were killed in Afghanistan last week in separate incidents, underliningthe dangerous conditions that health and humanitarian workers face in many countries. These

tragic events further underline the truly heroic and courageous efforts of the front-line healthworkers, often working under very dangerous conditions, all in efforts to protect children fromlifelong polio-paralysis.

- One new WPV case was reported in the past week (WPV1 from Hilmand), bringing the totalnumber of WPV cases for 2012 to 34. It is the most recent case in the country, and had onsetof paralysis on 19 November...

- Seven new WPV cases were reported in the past week (2 cases of WPV1 from Katsina, 1WPV1 from Kaduna, 1 WPV1 from Kano, 1 WPV1 from FCT, 1 WPV3 from Taraba, and 1 WPV3from Yobe), bringing the total number of WPV cases for 2012 to 118. The WPV1 from Kaduna isthe most recent in the country and had onset of paralysis on 17 November.- The 2 new WPV3 cases reported are particularly concerning, as Nigeria is now the onlycountry in the world reporting cases due to this strain over the past six months. Tarabasprevious WPV3 case dates back to July, and a comprehensive outbreak response is urgentlyneeded

- No new WPV cases were reported in the past week. The most recently reported WPV caseoccurred in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (WPV1) with onset of paralysis on 10November. The total number of WPV cases for 2012 remains 56.- However, two new circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) cases were reportedin the past week from Killa Abdullah in Balochistan, bringing the total number of cVDPV2 casesto 12 (all from the greater Quetta area of Balochistan)

- Efforts are continuing to stop an ongoing cVDPV2 outbreak in Kenya and parts of Somalia (ina Somali refugee camp in Dadaab, Kenya, and Kismayo, south-central Somalia)

Excerpt fromReport by the Secretariat to the WHO Executive Board14 December 2012

9. The importance of withdrawing the type 2 component of oral poliovirus vaccine as soon as
http://www.who.int/entity/wer/2012/wer8751_52.pdfhttp://www.polioeradication.org/Dataandmonitoring/Poliothisweek.aspxhttp://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/EB132/B132_17-en.pdfhttp://www.who.int/entity/wer/2012/wer8751_52.pdfhttp://www.polioeradication.org/Dataandmonitoring/Poliothisweek.aspxhttp://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/EB132/B132_17-en.pdf


7/32

possible from routine immunization programmes globally was reinforced by the detection in2012 of five outbreaks of poliomyelitis due to circulating type 2 vaccine-derived polioviruses.The outbreaks left 37 children paralysed in the following six countries: Chad, DemocraticRepublic of the Congo, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan and Somalia. Two of these outbreaks, inNigeria and Somalia, involve the continuing transmission of a type 2 virus for a periodexceeding 36 months. Interrupting the outbreak in central southern Somalia continues to becomplicated by the ban on mass vaccination campaigns in areas controlled by Al-Shabaabmilitants. http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/EB132/B132_17-en.pdf

2129 January 2013- Provisional agenda EB132/1- Main Documents here: http://apps.who.int/gb/e/e_eb132.html

Vaccines: The Week in Review has expanded its coverage of new reports, books, research and analysis published independent of the journal channel covered in Journal Watch below. Our interests span immunization and vaccines, as well as global public health, health governance,and associated themes. If you would like to suggest content to be included in this service,please contact David Curry at: [email protected]

IOMWashington, DC, on December 18th, 2012

The HHS Office of Global Health requested that the IOM Board on Global Health plan ameeting on strengthening the mechanisms to plan, coordinate, finance, and execute researchand development to meet health needs in developing countries. Discussion issues could includeapproaches to research priority setting, an enumeration of leading gaps in global health R&D,R&D planning and costing, the private sector role in global health R&D, the creation of effectiveglobal health research networks, the building of R&D capacity in developing countries,innovations in financing the global health R&D enterprise, and principles of global health R&Dmanagement.

As part of this meeting, there will be a listening session open to the public. Members of thepublic are invited to offer brief 5-minute remarks on the Consultative Expert Working Group's

report and the US Government role in the process. The meeting will be held at the US National Academies' Keck Center in Washington, DC, on December 18 at 4 pm. Registration is required,and attendance can be in person or by phone.More Information >>Register for the Meeting >>
http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/EB132/B132_17-en.pdfhttp://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/EB132/B132_1-en.pdfhttp://apps.who.int/gb/e/e_eb132.htmlmailto:[email protected]://click.newsletters.nas.edu/?ju=fe2f157675660774761577&ls=fdef1c7475650d7a7c1c7275&m=fefd1276756204&l=fe9116717c63077575&s=fe231c747367067e761d76&jb=ffcf14&t=http://click.newsletters.nas.edu/?ju=fe2e157675660774761578&ls=fdef1c7475650d7a7c1c7275&m=fefd1276756204&l=fe9116717c63077575&s=fe231c747367067e761d76&jb=ffcf14&t=http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/EB132/B132_17-en.pdfhttp://apps.who.int/gb/e/e_eb132.htmlhttp://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/EB132/B132_1-en.pdfhttp://apps.who.int/gb/e/e_eb132.htmlmailto:[email protected]://click.newsletters.nas.edu/?ju=fe30157675660774761576&ls=fdef1c7475650d7a7c1c7275&m=fefd1276756204&l=fe9116717c63077575&s=fe231c747367067e761d76&jb=ffcf14&t=http://click.newsletters.nas.edu/?ju=fe30157675660774761576&ls=fdef1c7475650d7a7c1c7275&m=fefd1276756204&l=fe9116717c63077575&s=fe231c747367067e761d76&jb=ffcf14&t=http://click.newsletters.nas.edu/?ju=fe2f157675660774761577&ls=fdef1c7475650d7a7c1c7275&m=fefd1276756204&l=fe9116717c63077575&s=fe231c747367067e761d76&jb=ffcf14&t=http://click.newsletters.nas.edu/?ju=fe2e157675660774761578&ls=fdef1c7475650d7a7c1c7275&m=fefd1276756204&l=fe9116717c63077575&s=fe231c747367067e761d76&jb=ffcf14&t=


8/32

MSF-DNDiDecember 13-14, 2012http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/events/symposiums/2012-lives-in-the-balance/?id=6402&cat=lives-in-the-balance

Various R&D initiatives, including product development partnerships, have begun to fillpreviously abandoned or non-existent drug development pipelines, with a limited number of new funding opportunities provided by a group of public and philanthropic donors.

While progress has been made, where do we stand today? Are urgent R&D needs indeedbeing met? How can we accelerate the delivery of medical innovations to neglected patients?Lives in the Balance aims to bring together key actors in global public health to reflect onprogress and shortcomings, consider the evidence and report on analyses of recent data, andchart out ways to effectively tackle current challenges by drawing on lessons from the pastdecade.

A broad range of scientists and medical professionals from countries hard hit by neglecteddiseases; policy-makers; academics; non-profit R&D initiatives; the pharmaceutical and

biotechnology sectors; donors; civil society organizations; and medical journalists and editorswill come together to review the current scientific and policy landscapes and pinpoint theremaining gaps as well as new opportunities for progress in the delivery of medical innovationto neglected patients.Conference Background Report: Medical Innovations for Neglected Patients

Commissioned by the IFPMA and was independently prepared by researchers at the UniversityCollege London (UCL) School of Pharmacy and the international research agency Matrix Insight.http://www.ifpma.org/fileadmin/content/Publication/2012/UCL-Matrix_Insight-Falsified_Medicines_and_the_Global_Publics_Health.pdf

The new report focuses on the need for high quality information about the scale of harmcaused by medicine falsification. Past studies found that 15 to 50 percent of anti-malarialtreatments purchased in parts of Asia and Africa to be counterfeit, and data overall suggest thatfalsified products may account for nearly one percent of global medicine sales. While people inless developed communities are at greater risk than in richer ones, falsified therapies areregularly reported in virtually every country from the US and EU to the poorest sub-Saharannations. They also affect every major therapeutic category

The new reports key conclusions include:- An increasing number of governments (including China, India, Brazil, Russia and Nigeria) has,through their actions, recognized the need for effective measures against medicinesfalsification, which involves deliberately misrepresenting products origins and circumventing

regulatory controls designed to assure treatment safety and effectiveness.- The World Health Organization is uniquely placed to add value to governments' efforts toprotect against all forms of pharmaceutical crime, along with those of local regulators and othernational and international agencies. More investment is needed to not only quantify medicinesfalsification but to provide early warning of potentially hazardous products as soon as they aredetected in legitimate supply chains.- All relevant stakeholders should be able and willing to participate in appropriate preventiveactivities at all levels. The new UCL/Matrix analysis emphasizes the need for more collaborative
http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/events/symposiums/2012-lives-in-the-balance/?id=6402&cat=lives-in-the-balancehttp://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/events/symposiums/2012-lives-in-the-balance/?id=6402&cat=lives-in-the-balancehttp://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/events/symposiums/2012-lives-in-the-balance/assets/files/Medical-Innovations-for-Neglected-Patients.pdfhttp://www.ifpma.org/fileadmin/content/Publication/2012/UCL-Matrix_Insight-Falsified_Medicines_and_the_Global_Publics_Health.pdfhttp://www.ifpma.org/fileadmin/content/Publication/2012/UCL-Matrix_Insight-Falsified_Medicines_and_the_Global_Publics_Health.pdfhttp://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/events/symposiums/2012-lives-in-the-balance/?id=6402&cat=lives-in-the-balancehttp://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/events/symposiums/2012-lives-in-the-balance/?id=6402&cat=lives-in-the-balancehttp://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/events/symposiums/2012-lives-in-the-balance/assets/files/Medical-Innovations-for-Neglected-Patients.pdfhttp://www.ifpma.org/fileadmin/content/Publication/2012/UCL-Matrix_Insight-Falsified_Medicines_and_the_Global_Publics_Health.pdfhttp://www.ifpma.org/fileadmin/content/Publication/2012/UCL-Matrix_Insight-Falsified_Medicines_and_the_Global_Publics_Health.pdf


9/32

action between all stakeholders involved in better medicines use. At worst, unresolved disputesbetween vested interests may cost lives which responsible global action could have saved.http://www.ifpma.org/fileadmin/content/News/2012/IFPMA_News_Release_New_Report_on_Falsified_Medicines_11Dec2012.pdf

Vaccines: The Week in Review continues its weekly scanning of key peer-reviewed journals toidentify and cite articles, commentary and editorials, books reviews and other contentsupporting our focus on vaccine ethics and policy.

Weselectively provide full text of some editorial and comment articles that are specifically relevantto our work. Successful access to some of the links provided may require subscription or otheraccess arrangement unique to the publisher.

If you would like to suggest other journal titles to include in this service, please contact David Curry at: [email protected]

Volume 103, Issue 1 (January 2013)http://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/current[Reviewed earlier]

4 December 2012, Vol. 157. No. 11http://www.annals.org/content/current[Reviewed earlier]; No relevant content]

(Accessed 15 December 2012)http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcpublichealth/content

Dawit Shawel Abebe, Vibeke Oestreich Nielsen, Jon Erik Finnvold BMC Public Health 2012,12:1075 (13 December 2012)

Abstract (provisional)

Background A significant part of childhood mortality can be prevented given the existence of a wellfunctioning health care system that can deliver vaccines to children during their first year of life.This study assesses immunization differentials between regions in Malawi, and attempts torelate regional disparities in immunization to factors on individual, household and village level.MethodWe used data from the 2007 Welfare Monitoring Survey which includes 18 251 children ages10--60 months. Multilevel logistic regression models were applied for data analysis.
http://www.ifpma.org/fileadmin/content/News/2012/IFPMA_News_Release_New_Report_on_Falsified_Medicines_11Dec2012.pdfhttp://www.ifpma.org/fileadmin/content/News/2012/IFPMA_News_Release_New_Report_on_Falsified_Medicines_11Dec2012.pdfmailto:[email protected]://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/currenthttp://www.annals.org/content/currenthttp://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcpublichealth/contenthttp://www.ifpma.org/fileadmin/content/News/2012/IFPMA_News_Release_New_Report_on_Falsified_Medicines_11Dec2012.pdfhttp://www.ifpma.org/fileadmin/content/News/2012/IFPMA_News_Release_New_Report_on_Falsified_Medicines_11Dec2012.pdfmailto:[email protected]://ajph.aphapublications.org/toc/ajph/currenthttp://www.annals.org/content/currenthttp://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcpublichealth/contenthttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/12/1075http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/12/1075


10/32


11/32

[No new relevant content]

Volume 18, Number 12December 2012http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/index.htm[Reviewed earlier; No relevant content]

Volume 17, Issue 50, 13 December 2012http://www.eurosurveillance.org/Public/Articles/Archives.aspx?PublicationId=11678[No relevant content]

Volume V, Issue 2: Spring 2012

http://blogs.shu.edu/ghg/2012/06/22/volume-v-issue-2-spring-2012/[Reviewed earlier]

[Accessed 15 December 2012]http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/ [No new relevant content]

December 2012; Volume 31, Issue 12http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/current

[No specific relevant content on vaccines/immunization]

Vol 14, No 1 (2012)http://hhrjournal.org/index.php/hhr[Reviewed earlier]

Volume7 / Issue04 / October 2012, pp 383 - 384http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayIssue?jid=HEP&tab=currentissue

[Reviewed earlier; No specific relevant content on vaccines/immunization]
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/index.htmhttp://www.eurosurveillance.org/Public/Articles/Archives.aspx?PublicationId=11678http://blogs.shu.edu/ghg/2012/06/22/volume-v-issue-2-spring-2012/http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/currenthttp://hhrjournal.org/index.php/hhrhttp://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayIssue?jid=HEP&tab=currentissuehttp://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/index.htmhttp://www.eurosurveillance.org/Public/Articles/Archives.aspx?PublicationId=11678http://blogs.shu.edu/ghg/2012/06/22/volume-v-issue-2-spring-2012/http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/currenthttp://hhrjournal.org/index.php/hhrhttp://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayIssue?jid=HEP&tab=currentissue


12/32

Volume 27 Issue 8 December 2012http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/current[Reviewed earlier]

(formerly Human Vaccines) Volume 8, Issue 12 December 2012http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/toc/volume/8/issue/12/[Reviewed earlier]

2012, 1http://www.idpjournal.com/content[Accessed 15 December 2012][No new relevant content]

December 2012, Vol. 16, No. 12http://www.ijidonline.com/[Reviewed earlier]

December 12, 2012, Vol 308, No. 22http://jama.ama-assn.org/current.dtl[No relevant content]

Volume 26 issue 6 - Published: 2012http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=1477-7266&show=latest[Reviewed earlier; No relevant content]

Volume 206 Issue 12 December 15, 2012http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/toc/jid/current[Reviewed earlier; No relevant content]

October-December 2012

Volume 4 | Issue 4Page Nos. 187-224http://www.jgid.org/currentissue.asp?sabs=n [Reviewed earlier ; No relevant content]
http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/toc/volume/8/issue/12/http://www.idpjournal.com/contenthttp://www.ijidonline.com/http://jama.ama-assn.org/current.dtlhttp://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=1477-7266&show=latesthttp://www.journals.uchicago.edu/toc/jid/currenthttp://www.jgid.org/currentissue.asp?sabs=nhttp://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/vaccines/toc/volume/8/issue/12/http://www.idpjournal.com/contenthttp://www.ijidonline.com/http://jama.ama-assn.org/current.dtlhttp://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=1477-7266&show=latesthttp://www.journals.uchicago.edu/toc/jid/currenthttp://www.jgid.org/currentissue.asp?sabs=n


13/32

December 2012, Volume 38, Issue 12http://jme.bmj.com/content/current[Reviewed earlier; No relevant content]

January 2013; 62 (Pt 1)http://jmm.sgmjournals.org/content/current[No relevant content]

Volume 1 Issue 4 December 2012http://jpids.oxfordjournals.org/content/current

[Reviewed earlier]

Dec 15, 2012 Volume 380 Number 9859 p2053 - 2260http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current

Richard HortonPreview Publication of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD 2010) is a landmark event for this

journal and, we hope, for health. The collaboration of 486 scientists from 302 institutions in 50countries has produced an important contribution to our understanding of present and futurehealth priorities for countries and the global community.

Margaret ChanPreview The Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD 2010) in The Lancet represents anunprecedented effort to improve global and regional estimates of levels and trends in theburden of disease. Accurate assessment of the global, regional, and country health situationand trends is critical for evidence-based decision making for public health. WHO thereforewarmly welcomes GBD 2010, which was undertaken by the Institute for Health Metrics andEvaluation (IHME) with its partners and draws on the contributions of many scientists, including

those who work in WHO programmes.

Jim Yong KimPreview The World Bank Group welcomes the publication of the new Global Burden of Disease Study(GBD). The Bank commissioned the first GBD in 1990, and continues to make extensive use of this signal contribution to global health. Like its predecessors, the new, methodologicallyupdated GBD 2010 marks a milestone in global health knowledge and our capacity for
http://jme.bmj.com/content/currenthttp://jmm.sgmjournals.org/content/currenthttp://jpids.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/currenthttp://jme.bmj.com/content/currenthttp://jmm.sgmjournals.org/content/currenthttp://jpids.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue/current


14/32

evidence-based action. It will once again set the terms of health policy, planning, and fundingdiscussions for years to come.

Christopher JL Murray, Majid Ezzati, Abraham D Flaxman, Stephen Lim, Rafael Lozano,Catherine Michaud, Mohsen Naghavi, Joshua A Salomon, Kenji Shibuya, Theo Vos, Alan D LopezPreview The data, methods, and findings of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD 2010) aredescribed in detail in The Lancet. This large collaboration is an evolution of a body of work thatbegan with GBD 1990.1 The number of diseases, injuries, and risk factors evaluated and thegeographical units of analysis have greatly expanded in the past 20 years, and change overtime has been assessed. Nevertheless, GBD 2010 follows the basic principles of GBD 1990:trying to use all the relevant published and unpublished evidence; capturing fatal and non-fatalhealth outcomes with comparable metrics; and separating epidemiological assessment fromadvocacy concerns or entanglement of agendas.

Christopher JL Murray, Majid Ezzati, Abraham D Flaxman, Stephen Lim, Rafael Lozano,

Catherine Michaud, Mohsen Naghavi, Joshua A Salomon, Kenji Shibuya, Theo Vos, DanielWikler, Alan D LopezPreview The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) enterprise is a systematic,scientific effort to quantify the comparative magnitude of health loss due to diseases, injuries,and risk factors by age, sex, and geography for specific points in time. The GBD construct of the burden of disease is health loss, not income or productivity loss.1 For decision makers,health-sector leaders, researchers, and informed citizens, the GBD approach provides anopportunity to see the big picture, to compare diseases, injuries, and risk factors, and tounderstand in a given place, time, and age-sex group what are the most important contributorsto health loss.

Haidong Wang, Laura Dwyer-Lindgren, Katherine T Lofgren, Julie Knoll Rajaratnam, Jacob R Marcus, Alison Levin-Rector, Carly E Levitz, Alan D Lopez, Christopher JL MurraySummary BackgroundEstimation of the number and rate of deaths by age and sex is a key first stage for calculationof the burden of disease in order to constrain estimates of cause-specific mortality and tomeasure premature mortality in populations. We aimed to estimate life tables and annualnumbers of deaths for 187 countries from 1970 to 2010.Methods

We estimated trends in under-5 mortality rate (children aged 04 years) and probability of adult death (1559 years) for each country with all available data. Death registration data wereavailable for more than 100 countries and we corrected for undercount with improved deathdistribution methods. We applied refined methods to survey data on sibling survival that correctfor survivor, zero-sibling, and recall bias. We separately estimated mortality from naturaldisasters and wars. We generated final estimates of under-5 mortality and adult mortality fromthe data with Gaussian process regression. We used these results as input parameters in arelational model life table system. We developed a model to extrapolate mortality to 110 years
http://removepreview%28%27previewleft8%27%29/


15/32

of age. All death rates and numbers have been estimated with 95% uncertainty intervals (95%UIs).FindingsFrom 1970 to 2010, global male life expectancy at birth increased from 564 years (95% UI555572) to 675 years (669681) and global female life expectancy at birth increasedfrom 612 years (602620) to 733 years (728738). Life expectancy at birth rose by 34years every decade from 1970, apart from during the 1990s (increase in male life expectancy of 14 years and in female life expectancy of 16 years). Substantial reductions in mortalityoccurred in eastern and southern sub-Saharan Africa since 2004, coinciding with increasedcoverage of antiretroviral therapy and preventive measures against malaria. Sex-specificchanges in life expectancy from 1970 to 2010 ranged from gains of 2329 years in theMaldives and Bhutan to declines of 17 years in Belarus, Lesotho, Ukraine, and Zimbabwe.Globally, 528 million (95% UI 516541 million) deaths occurred in 2010, which is about135% more than occurred in 1990 (465 million [457474 million]), and 219% more thanoccurred in 1970 (433 million [422446 million]). Proportionally more deaths in 2010occurred at age 70 years and older (428% in 2010 vs 331% in 1990), and 229% occurred at80 years or older. Deaths in children younger than 5 years declined by almost 60% since 1970

(164 million [161167 million] in 1970 vs 68 million [6671 million] in 2010), especially atages 159 months (108 million [104111 million] in 1970 vs 40 million [3842 million] in2010). In all regions, including those most affected by HIV/AIDS, we noted increases in meanages at death.InterpretationDespite global and regional health crises, global life expectancy has increased continuously andsubstantially in the past 40 years. Yet substantial heterogeneity exists across age groups,among countries, and over different decades. 179 of 187 countries have had increases in lifeexpectancy after the slowdown in progress in the 1990s. Efforts should be directed to reducemortality in low-income and middle-income countries. Potential underestimation of achievementof the Millennium Development Goal 4 might result from limitations of demographic data onchild mortality for the most recent time period. Improvement of civil registration systemworldwide is crucial for better tracking of global mortality.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Rafael Lozano et alSummary BackgroundReliable and timely information on the leading causes of death in populations, and how theseare changing, is a crucial input into health policy debates. In the Global Burden of Diseases,Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 (GBD 2010), we aimed to estimate annual deaths for the

world and 21 regions between 1980 and 2010 for 235 causes, with uncertainty intervals (UIs),separately by age and sex.MethodsWe attempted to identify all available data on causes of death for 187 countries from 1980 to2010 from vital registration, verbal autopsy, mortality surveillance, censuses, surveys, hospitals,police records, and mortuaries. We assessed data quality for completeness, diagnostic accuracy,missing data, stochastic variations, and probable causes of death. We applied six differentmodelling strategies to estimate cause-specific mortality trends depending on the strength of


16/32

the data. For 133 causes and three special aggregates we used the Cause of Death Ensemblemodel (CODEm) approach, which uses four families of statistical models testing a large set of different models using different permutations of covariates. Model ensembles were developedfrom these component models. We assessed model performance with rigorous out-of-sampletesting of prediction error and the validity of 95% UIs. For 13 causes with low observednumbers of deaths, we developed negative binomial models with plausible covariates. For 27causes for which death is rare, we modelled the higher level cause in the cause hierarchy of theGBD 2010 and then allocated deaths across component causes proportionately, estimated fromall available data in the database. For selected causes (African trypanosomiasis, congenitalsyphilis, whooping cough, measles, typhoid and parathyroid, leishmaniasis, acute hepatitis E,and HIV/AIDS), we used natural history models based on information on incidence, prevalence,and case-fatality. We separately estimated cause fractions by aetiology for diarrhoea, lowerrespiratory infections, and meningitis, as well as disaggregations by subcause for chronic kidneydisease, maternal disorders, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. For deaths due to collective violenceand natural disasters, we used mortality shock regressions. For every cause, we estimated 95%UIs that captured both parameter estimation uncertainty and uncertainty due to modelspecification where CODEm was used. We constrained cause-specific fractions within every age-

sex group to sum to total mortality based on draws from the uncertainty distributions.FindingsIn 2010, there were 528 million deaths globally. At the most aggregate level, communicable,maternal, neonatal, and nutritional causes were 249% of deaths worldwide in 2010, downfrom 159 million (341%) of 465 million in 1990. This decrease was largely due to decreasesin mortality from diarrhoeal disease (from 25 to 14 million), lower respiratory infections (from34 to 28 million), neonatal disorders (from 31 to 22 million), measles (from 063 to 013million), and tetanus (from 027 to 006 million). Deaths from HIV/AIDS increased from 030million in 1990 to 15 million in 2010, reaching a peak of 17 million in 2006. Malaria mortalityalso rose by an estimated 199% since 1990 to 117 million deaths in 2010. Tuberculosis killed12 million people in 2010. Deaths from non-communicable diseases rose by just under 8million between 1990 and 2010, accounting for two of every three deaths (345 million)worldwide by 2010. 8 million people died from cancer in 2010, 38% more than two decadesago; of these, 15 million (19%) were from trachea, bronchus, and lung cancer. Ischaemicheart disease and stroke collectively killed 129 million people in 2010, or one in four deathsworldwide, compared with one in five in 1990; 13 million deaths were due to diabetes, twice asmany as in 1990. The fraction of global deaths due to injuries (51 million deaths) wasmarginally higher in 2010 (96%) compared with two decades earlier (88%). This was drivenby a 46% rise in deaths worldwide due to road traffic accidents (13 million in 2010) and a risein deaths from falls. Ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), lower respiratory infections, lung cancer, and HIV/AIDS were the leading causes of death in 2010. Ischaemic heart disease, lower respiratory infections, stroke, diarrhoeal disease,malaria, and HIV/AIDS were the leading causes of years of life lost due to premature mortality

(YLLs) in 2010, similar to what was estimated for 1990, except for HIV/AIDS and preterm birthcomplications. YLLs from lower respiratory infections and diarrhoea decreased by 4554%since 1990; ischaemic heart disease and stroke YLLs increased by 1728%. Regional variationsin leading causes of death were substantial. Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritionalcauses still accounted for 76% of premature mortality in sub-Saharan Africa in 2010. Agestandardised death rates from some key disorders rose (HIV/AIDS, Alzheimer's disease,diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease in particular), but for most diseases, death ratesfell in the past two decades; including major vascular diseases, COPD, most forms of cancer,


17/32

liver cirrhosis, and maternal disorders. For other conditions, notably malaria, prostate cancer,and injuries, little change was noted.InterpretationPopulation growth, increased average age of the world's population, and largely decreasingage-specific, sex-specific, and cause-specific death rates combine to drive a broad shift fromcommunicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional causes towards non-communicable diseases.Nevertheless, communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional causes remain the dominantcauses of YLLs in sub-Saharan Africa. Overlaid on this general pattern of the epidemiologicaltransition, marked regional variation exists in many causes, such as interpersonal violence,suicide, liver cancer, diabetes, cirrhosis, Chagas disease, African trypanosomiasis, melanoma,and others. Regional heterogeneity highlights the importance of sound epidemiologicalassessments of the causes of death on a regular basis.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Joshua A Salomon et al

Summary BackgroundMeasurement of the global burden of disease with disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) requiresdisability weights that quantify health losses for all non-fatal consequences of disease andinjury. There has been extensive debate about a range of conceptual and methodological issuesconcerning the definition and measurement of these weights. Our primary objective was acomprehensive re-estimation of disability weights for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010through a large-scale empirical investigation in which judgments about health losses associatedwith many causes of disease and injury were elicited from the general public in diversecommunities through a new, standardised approach.MethodsWe surveyed respondents in two ways: household surveys of adults aged 18 years or older(face-to-face interviews in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Peru, and Tanzania; telephone interviews inthe USA) between Oct 28, 2009, and June 23, 2010; and an open-access web-based surveybetween July 26, 2010, and May 16, 2011. The surveys used paired comparison questions, inwhich respondents considered two hypothetical individuals with different, randomly selectedhealth states and indicated which person they regarded as healthier. The web survey addedquestions about population health equivalence, which compared the overall health benefits of different life-saving or disease-prevention programmes. We analysed paired comparisonresponses with probit regression analysis on all 220 unique states in the study. We used resultsfrom the population health equivalence responses to anchor the results from the pairedcomparisons on the disability weight scale from 0 (implying no loss of health) to 1 (implying ahealth loss equivalent to death). Additionally, we compared new disability weights with those

used in WHO's most recent update of the Global Burden of Disease Study for 2004.Findings13 902 individuals participated in household surveys and 16 328 in the web survey. Analysis of paired comparison responses indicated a high degree of consistency across surveys:correlations between individual survey results and results from analysis of the pooled datasetwere 09 or higher in all surveys except in Bangladesh (r=075). Most of the 220 disabilityweights were located on the mild end of the severity scale, with 58 (26%) having weightsbelow 005. Five (11%) states had weights below 001, such as mild anaemia, mild hearing or


18/32

vision loss, and secondary infertility. The health states with the highest disability weights wereacute schizophrenia (076) and severe multiple sclerosis (071). We identified a broad patternof agreement between the old and new weights (r=070), particularly in the moderate-to-severe range. However, in the mild range below 02, many states had significantly lowerweights in our study than previously.InterpretationThis study represents the most extensive empirical effort as yet to measure disability weights.By contrast with the popular hypothesis that disability assessments vary widely across sampleswith different cultural environments, we have reported strong evidence of highly consistentresults.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Joshua A Salomon, Haidong Wang, Michael K Freeman, Theo Vos, Abraham D Flaxman, Alan DLopez, Christopher JL MurraySummary

BackgroundHealthy life expectancy (HALE) summarises mortality and non-fatal outcomes in a singlemeasure of average population health. It has been used to compare health between countries,or to measure changes over time. These comparisons can inform policy questions that dependon how morbidity changes as mortality decreases. We characterise current HALE and changesover the past two decades in 187 countries.MethodsUsing inputs from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2010, we assessed HALE for 1990and 2010. We calculated HALE with life table methods, incorporating estimates of averagehealth over each age interval. Inputs from GBD 2010 included age-specific information formortality rates and prevalence of 1160 sequelae, and disability weights associated with 220distinct health states relating to these sequelae. We computed estimates of average overallhealth for each age group, adjusting for comorbidity with a Monte Carlo simulation method tocapture how multiple morbidities can combine in an individual. We incorporated these estimatesin the life table by the Sullivan method to produce HALE estimates for each population definedby sex, country, and year. We estimated the contributions of changes in child mortality, adultmortality, and disability to overall change in population health between 1990 and 2010.FindingsIn 2010, global male HALE at birth was 583 years (uncertainty interval 567598) and globalfemale HALE at birth was 618 years (601634). HALE increased more slowly than did lifeexpectancy over the past 20 years, with each 1-year increase in life expectancy at birthassociated with a 08-year increase in HALE. Across countries in 2010, male HALE at birthranged from 279 years (173365) in Haiti, to 688 years (670704) in Japan. Female

HALE at birth ranged from 371 years (269437) in Haiti, to 717 years (697734) inJapan. Between 1990 and 2010, male HALE increased by 5 years or more in 42 countriescompared with 37 countries for female HALE, while male HALE decreased in 21 countries and11 for female HALE. Between countries and over time, life expectancy was strongly andpositively related to number of years lost to disability. This relation was consistent betweensexes, in cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis, and when assessed at birth, or at age 50years. Changes in disability had small effects on changes in HALE compared with changes inmortality.


19/32

InterpretationHALE differs substantially between countries. As life expectancy has increased, the number of healthy years lost to disability has also increased in most countries, consistent with theexpansion of morbidity hypothesis, which has implications for health planning and health-careexpenditure. Compared with substantial progress in reduction of mortality over the past twodecades, relatively little progress has been made in reduction of the overall effect of non-fataldisease and injury on population health. HALE is an attractive indicator for monitoring healthpost-2015.FundingThe Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Theo Vos et alSummary BackgroundNon-fatal health outcomes from diseases and injuries are a crucial consideration in thepromotion and monitoring of individual and population health. The Global Burden of Disease

(GBD) studies done in 1990 and 2000 have been the only studies to quantify non-fatal healthoutcomes across an exhaustive set of disorders at the global and regional level. Neither effortquantified uncertainty in prevalence or years lived with disability (YLDs).MethodsOf the 291 diseases and injuries in the GBD cause list, 289 cause disability. For 1160 sequelaeof the 289 diseases and injuries, we undertook a systematic analysis of prevalence, incidence,remission, duration, and excess mortality. Sources included published studies, case notification,population-based cancer registries, other disease registries, antenatal clinic serosurveillance,hospital discharge data, ambulatory care data, household surveys, other surveys, and cohortstudies. For most sequelae, we used a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR, designedto address key limitations in descriptive epidemiological data, including missing data,inconsistency, and large methodological variation between data sources. For some disorders,we used natural history models, geospatial models, back-calculation models (models calculatingincidence from population mortality rates and case fatality), or registration completenessmodels (models adjusting for incomplete registration with health-system access and othercovariates). Disability weights for 220 unique health states were used to capture the severity of health loss. YLDs by cause at age, sex, country, and year levels were adjusted for comorbiditywith simulation methods. We included uncertainty estimates at all stages of the analysis.FindingsGlobal prevalence for all ages combined in 2010 across the 1160 sequelae ranged from fewerthan one case per 1 million people to 350 000 cases per 1 million people. Prevalence andseverity of health loss were weakly correlated (correlation coefficient 037). In 2010, therewere 777 million YLDs from all causes, up from 583 million in 1990. The main contributors to

global YLDs were mental and behavioural disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and diabetes orendocrine diseases. The leading specific causes of YLDs were much the same in 2010 as theywere in 1990: low back pain, major depressive disorder, iron-deficiency anaemia, neck pain,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anxiety disorders, migraine, diabetes, and falls. Age-specific prevalence of YLDs increased with age in all regions and has decreased slightly from1990 to 2010. Regional patterns of the leading causes of YLDs were more similar comparedwith years of life lost due to premature mortality. Neglected tropical diseases, HIV/AIDS,tuberculosis, malaria, and anaemia were important causes of YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa.


20/32

InterpretationRates of YLDs per 100 000 people have remained largely constant over time but rise steadilywith age. Population growth and ageing have increased YLD numbers and crude rates over thepast two decades. Prevalences of the most common causes of YLDs, such as mental andbehavioural disorders and musculoskeletal disorders, have not decreased. Health systems willneed to address the needs of the rising numbers of individuals with a range of disorders thatlargely cause disability but not mortality. Quantification of the burden of non-fatal healthoutcomes will be crucial to understand how well health systems are responding to thesechallenges. Effective and affordable strategies to deal with this rising burden are an urgentpriority for health systems in most parts of the world.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Christopher J L Murray et alSummary Background

Measuring disease and injury burden in populations requires a composite metric that capturesboth premature mortality and the prevalence and severity of ill-health. The 1990 Global Burdenof Disease study proposed disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to measure disease burden. Nocomprehensive update of disease burden worldwide incorporating a systematic reassessment of disease and injury-specific epidemiology has been done since the 1990 study. We aimed tocalculate disease burden worldwide and for 21 regions for 1990, 2005, and 2010 with methodsto enable meaningful comparisons over time.MethodsWe calculated DALYs as the sum of years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability(YLDs). DALYs were calculated for 291 causes, 20 age groups, both sexes, and for 187countries, and aggregated to regional and global estimates of disease burden for three points intime with strictly comparable definitions and methods. YLLs were calculated from age-sex-country-time-specific estimates of mortality by cause, with death by standardised lost lifeexpectancy at each age. YLDs were calculated as prevalence of 1160 disabling sequelae, byage, sex, and cause, and weighted by new disability weights for each health state. Neither YLLsnor YLDs were age-weighted or discounted. Uncertainty around cause-specific DALYs wascalculated incorporating uncertainty in levels of all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality,prevalence, and disability weights.FindingsGlobal DALYs remained stable from 1990 (2503 billion) to 2010 (2490 billion). Crude DALYsper 1000 decreased by 23% (472 per 1000 to 361 per 1000). An important shift has occurred inDALY composition with the contribution of deaths and disability among children (younger than 5years of age) declining from 41% of global DALYs in 1990 to 25% in 2010. YLLs typically

account for about half of disease burden in more developed regions (high-income Asia Pacific,western Europe, high-income North America, and Australasia), rising to over 80% of DALYs insub-Saharan Africa. In 1990, 47% of DALYs worldwide were from communicable, maternal,neonatal, and nutritional disorders, 43% from non-communicable diseases, and 10% frominjuries. By 2010, this had shifted to 35%, 54%, and 11%, respectively. Ischaemic heartdisease was the leading cause of DALYs worldwide in 2010 (up from fourth rank in 1990,increasing by 29%), followed by lower respiratory infections (top rank in 1990; 44% decline inDALYs), stroke (fifth in 1990; 19% increase), diarrhoeal diseases (second in 1990; 51%


21/32


22/32

and non-exclusive and discontinued breastfeeding were the leading risks in 2010, while HAPwas the leading risk in south Asia. The leading risk factor in Eastern Europe, most of Latin

America, and southern sub-Saharan Africa in 2010 was alcohol use; in most of Asia, North Africa and Middle East, and central Europe it was high blood pressure. Despite declines, tobaccosmoking including second-hand smoke remained the leading risk in high-income north Americaand western Europe. High body-mass index has increased globally and it is the leading risk in

Australasia and southern Latin America, and also ranks high in other high-income regions, North Africa and Middle East, and Oceania.InterpretationWorldwide, the contribution of different risk factors to disease burden has changedsubstantially, with a shift away from risks for communicable diseases in children towards thosefor non-communicable diseases in adults. These changes are related to the ageing population,decreased mortality among children younger than 5 years, changes in cause-of-deathcomposition, and changes in risk factor exposures. New evidence has led to changes in themagnitude of key risks including unimproved water and sanitation, vitamin A and zincdeficiencies, and ambient particulate matter pollution. The extent to which the epidemiologicalshift has occurred and what the leading risks currently are varies greatly across regions. In

much of sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risks are still those associated with poverty and thosethat affect children.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Dec 2012 Volume 12 Number 12 p897 - 984http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/current[Reviewed earlier]

NovemberDecember 2012; 32 (6)http://mdm.sagepub.com/content/current[Reviewed earlier]

A Multidisciplinary Journal of Population Health and Health Policy December 2012 Volume 90, Issue 4 Pages 631807http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/milq.2012.90.issue-4/issuetoc[Reviewed earlier]

Volume 492 Number 7428 pp153-304 13 December 2012http://www.nature.com/nature/current_issue.html[No relevant content]
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/currenthttp://mdm.sagepub.com/content/currenthttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/milq.2012.90.issue-4/issuetochttp://www.nature.com/nature/current_issue.htmlhttp://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/issue/currenthttp://mdm.sagepub.com/content/currenthttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/milq.2012.90.issue-4/issuetochttp://www.nature.com/nature/current_issue.html


23/32


24/32

ConclusionsThe RTS,S/AS01 vaccine coadministered with EPI vaccines provided modest protection againstboth clinical and severe malaria in young infants. (Funded by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals andthe PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative; RTS,S ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00866619 .)

J.P. DailyExtract [First 100 words]

Aggressive diuretic therapy in a patient who is hospitalized for acute decompensated heartfailure often leads to progressive renal dysfunction despite persistent congestion. Theunderlying mechanisms of this so-called acute cardiorenal syndrome are complex and not fullyunderstood.1,2 As initial therapy in this setting, ultrafiltration as compared with diuretic therapymay result in a higher rate of sodium and volume removal, with greater weight loss and lessfrequent rehospitalizations.3,4 These findings have suggested that ultrafiltration can providemore effective relief of congestion than pharmacologic therapy can, particularly in the setting of cardiorenal compromise. Ultrafiltration may also reduce diuretic-induced . . .

December 2012, 16(12)http://online.liebertpub.com/toc/omi/16/12[Reviewed earlier; No relevant content]

December 2012 - Volume 31 - Issue 12 pp: 1217-1307,e232-e254http://journals.lww.com/pidj/pages/currenttoc.aspx[Reviewed earlier]

December 2012, VOLUME 130 / ISSUE 6http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/current.shtml[Reviewed earlier]

December 1, 2012 - Volume 30 - Issue 12 pp: 1097-1214http://adisonline.com/pharmacoeconomics/pages/currenttoc.aspx[Reviewed earlier; No relevant content]

[Accessed 15 December 2012]http://www.plosone.org/article/browse.action;jsessionid=577FD8B9E1F322DAA533C413369CD6F3.ambra01?field=date[No new relevant content]
http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00866619http://online.liebertpub.com/toc/omi/16/12http://journals.lww.com/pidj/pages/currenttoc.aspxhttp://pediatrics.aappublications.org/current.shtmlhttp://adisonline.com/pharmacoeconomics/pages/currenttoc.aspxhttp://www.plosone.org/article/browse.action;jsessionid=577FD8B9E1F322DAA533C413369CD6F3.ambra01?field=datehttp://www.plosone.org/article/browse.action;jsessionid=577FD8B9E1F322DAA533C413369CD6F3.ambra01?field=datehttp://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00866619http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe1213392http://online.liebertpub.com/toc/omi/16/12http://journals.lww.com/pidj/pages/currenttoc.aspxhttp://pediatrics.aappublications.org/current.shtmlhttp://adisonline.com/pharmacoeconomics/pages/currenttoc.aspxhttp://www.plosone.org/article/browse.action;jsessionid=577FD8B9E1F322DAA533C413369CD6F3.ambra01?field=datehttp://www.plosone.org/article/browse.action;jsessionid=577FD8B9E1F322DAA533C413369CD6F3.ambra01?field=date


25/32

(Accessed 15 December 2012)http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/browse.action?field=date

Leontine Alkema, Jin RouNew Research Article, published 11 Dec 2012doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001355

Abstract BackgroundMillennium Development Goal 4 calls for an annual rate of reduction (ARR) of the under-fivemortality rate (U5MR) of 4.4% between 1990 and 2015. Progress is measured through thepoint estimates of the United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNIGME). To facilitate evidence-based conclusions about progress toward the goal, we assessedthe uncertainty in the estimates arising from sampling errors and biases in data series and theinferior quality of specific data series.

Methods and FindingsWe implemented a bootstrap procedure to construct 90% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for theU5MR and ARR to complement the UN IGME estimates. We constructed the bounds for allcountries without a generalized HIV epidemic, where a standard estimation approach is carriedout (174 countries). In the bootstrap procedure, potential biases in levels and trends of dataseries of different source types were accounted for. There is considerable uncertainty about theU5MR, particularly for high mortality countries and in recent years. Among 86 countries with aU5MR of at least 40 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1990, the median width of the UI, relative tothe U5MR level, was 19% for 1990 and 48% for 2011, with the increase in uncertainty due tomore limited data availability. The median absolute width of the 90% UI for the ARR from 1990to 2011 was 2.2%. Although the ARR point estimate for all high mortality countries was greaterthan zero, for eight of them uncertainty included the possibility of no improvement between1990 and 2011. For 13 countries, it is deemed likely that the ARR from 1990 to 2011 exceeded4.4%.ConclusionsIn light of the upcoming evaluation of Millennium Development Goal 4 in 2015, uncertaintyassessments need to be taken into account to avoid unwarranted conclusions about countries'progress based on limited data.

Background In September 2000, world leaders adopted the United Nations Millennium Declaration,committing member states (countries) to a new global partnership to reduce extreme povertyand improve global health by setting out a series of time-bound targets with a deadline of 2015

the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). There are eight MDGs and the fourth, MDG 4,focuses on reducing the number of deaths in children aged under five years by two-thirds fromthe 1990 level. Monitoring progress towards meeting all of the MDG targets is of vitalimportance to measure the effectiveness of interventions and to prioritize slow progress areas.MDG 4 has three specific indicators, and every year, the United Nations Inter-agency Group forChild Mortality Estimation (the UN IGME, which includes the key agencies the United NationsChildren's Fund, the World Health Organization, the World Bank, and the United NationsPopulation Division) produces and publishes estimates of child death rates for all countries.
http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/browse.action?field=datehttp://www.plosmedicine.org/article/browse.action?field=datehttp://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001355;jsessionid=16D844C86FC12673E5EED1FE70C718DBhttp://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001355;jsessionid=16D844C86FC12673E5EED1FE70C718DB


26/32

Why Was This Study Done? Many poorer countries do not have the infrastructure and the functioning vital registrationsystems in place to record the number of child deaths. Therefore, it is difficult to accuratelyassess levels and trends in the rate of child deaths because there is limited information (data)or because the data that exists may be inaccurate or of poor quality. In order to deal with thissituation, analyzing trends in under-five child death rates (to show progress towards MDG 4)currently focuses on the best estimates from countries, a process that relies on point estimates. But this practice can lead to inaccurate results and comparisons. It is thereforeimportant to identify a framework for calculating the uncertainty surrounding these estimates.In this study, the researchers use a statistical method to calculate plausible uncertainty intervalsfor the estimates of death rates in children aged under five years and the yearly reduction inthose rates.What Did the Researchers Do and Find? The researchers used the publicly available information from the UN IGME 2012 database,which collates data from a variety of sources, and a statistical method called bootstrapping toconstruct uncertainty levels for 174 countries out of 195 countries for which the UN IGMEpublished estimates in 2012. This new method improves current practice for estimating the

extent of data errors, as it takes into account the structure and (potentially poor) quality of thedata. The researchers used 90% as the uncertainty level and categorized countries according tothe likelihood of meeting the MDG 4 target.Using these methods, the researchers found that in countries with high child mortality rates (40or more deaths per 1,000 children in 1990), there was a lot of uncertainty (wide uncertaintyintervals) about the levels and trends of death rates in children aged under five years,especially more recently, because of the limited availability of data. Overall, in 2011 the medianwidth of the uncertainty interval for the child death rate was 48% among the 86 countries withhigh death rates, compared to 19% in 1990. Using their new method, the researchers foundthat for eight countries, it is not clear whether any progress had been made in reducing childmortality, but for 13 countries, it is deemed likely that progress exceeded the MDG 4 target.What Do These Findings Mean? These findings suggest that new uncertainty assessments constructed by a statistical methodcalled bootstrapping can provide more insights into countries' progress in reducing childmortality and meeting the MDG 4 target. As demonstrated in this study, when data are limited,uncertainty intervals should to be taken into account when estimating progress towards MDG 4in order to give more accurate assessments on a country' progress, thus allowing for morerealistic comparisons and conclusions.

Additional Information Please access these websites via the online version of this summary athttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1 001355 .The UN website has more information about the Millennium Development Goals , includingcountry-specific data

More information is available from UNICEF's ChildInfo website about the UN IGMEand childmortality

All UN IGME child mortality estimates and data are available via CME InfoCountdown to 2015 tracks coverage levels for health interventions proven to reduce childmortality and proposes new actions to reach MDG 4

Tiffany L. Bogich, Rumi Chunara, David Scales, Emily Chan, Laura C. Pinheiro, Aleksei A.Chmura, Dennis Carroll, Peter Daszak, John S. Brownstein
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001355http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Data.aspxhttp://www.childinfo.org/mortality_igme.htmlhttp://www.childinfo.org/mortality.htmlhttp://www.childinfo.org/mortality.htmlhttp://www.childmortality.org/http://www.countdown2015mnch.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001355http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Data.aspxhttp://www.childinfo.org/mortality_igme.htmlhttp://www.childinfo.org/mortality.htmlhttp://www.childinfo.org/mortality.htmlhttp://www.childmortality.org/http://www.countdown2015mnch.org/http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001354;jsessionid=16D844C86FC12673E5EED1FE70C718DB


27/32

Policy Forum, published 11 Dec 2012doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001354Summary Points The way in which public health programs are designed and funded has changed significantly;however, the trend toward establishing vertical, disease-specific global health programs may beat the cost of strengthening basic public health infrastructure and development in the longterm.In a review of nearly 400 public health events of international concern, we found that abreakdown or absence of public health infrastructure was the driving factor in the largestfraction of outbreaks (39.5%). No single other driving factor accounted for more than 10% of outbreaks.The relative roles of emergency response versus long-term development strategies to mitigateinfectious disease threats are being debated within bilateral and intergovernmental aidagencies.We propose a systems approach within development agencies to address pandemic preventionat the intersection of people and their environment where the risk of disease emergence ishighest. To achieve this goal, mainstream development funding, rather than emergency

funding, is required.

November 2012http://www.plosntds.org/article/browseIssue.action[Reviewed earlier]

(Accessed 15 December 2012)http://www.pnas.org/content/early/recent[No new relevant content]

Volume 5 Issue 3 November 2012http://phe.oxfordjournals.org/content/current[Reviewed earlier]

Volume 18, Issue 12, Pages 689-750 (December 2012)http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/14714914[Reviewed earlier; No relevant content]

14 December 2012 vol 338, issue 6113, pages 1385-1496http://www.sciencemag.org/current.dtl
http://www.plosntds.org/article/browseIssue.actionhttp://www.pnas.org/content/early/recenthttp://phe.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/14714914http://www.sciencemag.org/current.dtlhttp://www.plosntds.org/article/browseIssue.actionhttp://www.pnas.org/content/early/recenthttp://phe.oxfordjournals.org/content/currenthttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/14714914http://www.sciencemag.org/current.dtl


28/32

[No relevant content]

12 December 2012 vol 4, issue 164http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/current[No relevant content]

Volume 31, Issue 1, Pages 1-278 (17 December 2012)http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/[Reviewed earlier]

(Accessed 15 December 2012)

http://www.dovepress.com/vaccine-development-and-therapy-journal[No new relevant content]

Vol 15 | No. 7 | November 2012http://www.valueinhealthjournal.com/current

[Reviewed earlier]

Article in Press http://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X%2812%2900403-X/abstractFactors Predicting Completion of the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine SeriesRachel Gold, Allison Naleway, Karen Riedlinger ,Received 16 May 2012; accepted 14 September 2012. published online 11 December 2012.Corrected Proof

Abstract PurposeThis study identified factors associated with completion of the three dose quadrivalent humanpapillomavirus vaccine (HPV4) series by female adolescents.MethodsBetween February and September 2008, we prospectively surveyed 11- to 26-year-old femalemembers of an integrated managed care organization shortly after their first HPV4 dose toidentify factors that predicted series completion. We used regression analyses to assesswhether self-reported experiences at the index visit, knowledge/attitudes about HPV and HPV4,and medical record data on adverse events, demographic characteristics, care-utilization
http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/currenthttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0264410Xhttp://www.dovepress.com/vaccine-development-and-therapy-journalhttp://www.valueinhealthjournal.com/currenthttp://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(12)00403-X/abstracthttp://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(12)00403-X/abstracthttp://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(12)00403-X/abstracthttp://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(12)00403-X/abstracthttp://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(12)00403-X/abstracthttp://stm.sciencemag.org/content/currenthttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0264410Xhttp://www.dovepress.com/vaccine-development-and-therapy-journalhttp://www.valueinhealthjournal.com/currenthttp://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(12)00403-X/abstracthttp://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(12)00403-X/abstracthttp://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(12)00403-X/abstracthttp://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(12)00403-X/abstract


29/32

frequency, and visit characteristics, were associated with vaccine series completion within oneyear of the first HPV4 dose.ResultsOf 899 survey respondents (27% of 3347 survey recipients), 786 (87%) maintained continuousenrollment in the health plan in the year following the first HPV4 dose. Fifty percent (n = 393)completed the vaccine series within that year. In multivariate analyses of survey respondents,only respondents ability to correctly identify the number of shots required for series completionwas significantly associated with series completion. Reported bruising was associated withdecreased likelihood of completion, and the clinician stating that future shots were required wasassociated with increased likelihood, but both were of borderline significance. Females ages 1620 had the lowest series completion.ConclusionsImproving HPV4 completion will require targeted efforts. Our results suggest that providers mayhelp by stressing the need for additional doses of vaccine, and confirming that patientsunderstand this information. Special attention should be given to females ages 1620. Futurerandomized trials should assess the effect on vaccine completion of these simple, low-costinterventions.

F Rodrigues, M Iturriza-Gmara, R Marlow, J Gray - Journal of Clinical Virology, 2012Background Rotavirus (RV) vaccines have been available on the private market in Portugalsince 2006, with an estimated coverage rising from 16 to 42% between 2007 and 2010.Objectives To assess trends, surveillance of children presenting with acute gastroenteritis

Beginning in June 2012, Vaccines: The Week in Review expanded to alert readers tosubstantive news, analysis and opinion from the general media on vaccines, immunization,global; public health and related themes. Media Watch is not intended to be exhaustive, butindicative of themes and issues CVEP is actively tracking. This section will grow from an initialbase of newspapers, magazines and blog sources, and is segregated from Journal Watch abovewhich scans the peer-reviewed journal ecology.

We acknowledge the Western/Northern bias in this initial selection of titles and invitesuggestions for expanded coverage. WE are conservative in our outlook of adding news sourceswhich largely report on primary content we are already covering above. Many electronic mediasources have tiered, fee-based subscription models for access. We will provide full-text wherecontent is published without restriction, but most publications require registration and somesubscription level.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/ Accessed 15 December 2012 [No new, unique, relevant content]
http://www.bbc.co.uk/http://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386653212003976&sa=X&scisig=AAGBfm3BV3cssLrA2iC4zj3unMCcqcDgzw&oi=scholaralrthttp://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386653212003976&sa=X&scisig=AAGBfm3BV3cssLrA2iC4zj3unMCcqcDgzw&oi=scholaralrthttp://www.bbc.co.uk/


30/32

http://www.economist.com/ Accessed 15 December 2012 [No new unique, relevant content]

http://www.ft.com Accessed 15 December 2012 [No new unique, relevant content]

http://www.forbes.com/ Accessed 15 December 2012 [No new unique, relevant content]

http://www.foreignaffairs.com/November/December 2012 Volume 91, Number 6

Accessed 15 December 2012 [No new unique, relevant content]

http://www.foreignpolicy.com/ Accessed 15 December 2012] [No new unique, relevant content]

http://www.guardiannews.com/ Accessed 15 December 2012

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ Accessed 15 December 2012[No new, unique, relevant content]

http://www.newyorker.com/ Accessed 15 December 2012 [No new, unique, relevant content]

Accessed 15 December 2012 [No new, unique, relevant content]

http://www.nytimes.com/ Accessed 15 December 2012.[No new, unique, relevant content]
http://www.economist.com/http://www.ft.com/http://www.forbes.com/http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/137312/laurie-garrett/money-or-die?page=4http://www.foreignpolicy.com/http://www.guardiannews.com/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/http://www.newyorker.com/http://www.nytimes.com/http://www.economist.com/http://www.ft.com/http://www.forbes.com/http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/137312/laurie-garrett/money-or-die?page=4http://www.foreignpolicy.com/http://www.guardiannews.com/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/http://www.newyorker.com/http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/133188449/public-healthhttp://www.nytimes.com/


31/32

http://www.reuters.com/ Accessed 15 December 2012 [No new, unique, relevant content]

http://online.wsj.com/home-page Accessed 15 December 2012 [No new, unique, relevant content]

http://www.washingtonpost.com/ Accessed 15 December 2012 [No new, unique, relevant content]

[accessed 15 December 2012 18:54] Items of interest from a variety of twitter feeds associated with immunization, vaccines andglobal public health. This capture is highly selective and is by no means intended to beexhaustive.

CVEP @VaxEthicsPolicy@MSF_USA @dndi_hq Center for Vaccine Ethics & Policy applauds the extraordinary#fatalneglect conference: compelling, alarming, energizing.11:28 AM - 14 Dec 12

Doctors w/o Borders @MSF_USAThank you for following our #fatalneglect conference. See highlights from our discussion here:http://bit.ly/TZb0Lg #globalhealth #ntds #fatalneglect By Doctors w/o Borders @MSF_USA

A two-day conference in New York City on delivering medical innovations for neglected patientsand populations. Hosted by Doctors Without Borders/Mdecins Sans Frontires (MSF) and theDrugs for... 10:26 AM - 14 Dec 12

PAHO/WHO @pahowhoRt @TheLancet : The Lancet publishes largest ever study on global burden of disease. Freelyavailable online http://ow.ly/g4ImF #GBD2010

6:43 AM - 14 Dec 12

PAHO/WHO @pahowhoRt @WHO: 10 facts on the state of #globalhealth : the loss of health from all causes of illnessand deaths worldwide http://goo.gl/xCQbU 5:31 AM - 14 Dec 12

WHO @WHO
http://www.reuters.com/http://online.wsj.com/home-pagehttp://www.washingtonpost.com/https://twitter.com/VaxEthicsPolicyhttps://twitter.com/MSF_USAhttps://twitter.com/DNDi_HQhttps://twitter.com/search?q=%23fatalneglect&src=hashhttps://twitter.com/MSF_USAhttps://twitter.com/search?q=%23fatalneglect&src=hashhttp://t.co/xttMOL17https://twitter.com/search?q=%23globalhealth&src=hashhttps://twitter.com/search?q=%23ntds&src=hashhttp://t.co/xttMOL17https://twitter.com/MSF_USAhttp://t.co/xttMOL17http://t.co/xttMOL17http://t.co/xttMOL17https://twitter.com/pahowhohttps://twitter.com/TheLancethttp://t.co/gPaB7rOFhttps://twitter.com/search?q=%23GBD2010&src=hashhttps://twitter.com/pahowhohttps://twitter.com/WHOhttps://twitter.com/search?q=%23globalhealth&src=hashhttp://t.co/1IlBNcvUhttps://twitter.com/WHOhttp://www.reuters.com/http://online.wsj.com/home-pagehttp://www.washingtonpost.com/https://twitter.com/VaxEthicsPolicyhttps://twitter.com/MSF_USAhttps://twitter.com/DNDi_HQhttps://twitter.com/search?q=%23fatalneglect&src=hashhttps://twitter.com/MSF_USAhttps://twitter.com/search?q=%23fatalneglect&src=hashhttp://t.co/xttMOL17https://twitter.com/search?q=%23globalhealth&src=hashhttps://twitter.com/search?q=%23ntds&src=hashhttp://t.co/xttMOL17https://twitter.com/MSF_USAhttp://t.co/xttMOL17http://t.co/xttMOL17http://t.co/xttMOL17https://twitter.com/pahowhohttps://twitter.com/TheLancethttp://t.co/gPaB7rOFhttps://twitter.com/search?q=%23GBD2010&src=hashhttps://twitter.com/pahowhohttps://twitter.com/WHOhttps://twitter.com/search?q=%23globalhealth&src=hashhttp://t.co/1IlBNcvUhttps://twitter.com/WHO


32/32

Global Health Observatory free access to worlds largest and most comprehensive collection of up-to-date health data http://goo.gl/wwPuU3:52 AM - 14 Dec 12

The Global Fund @globalfundnewsJapans 2012 Contribution to the Global Fund is