vaccination against bacterial diseases in farmed atlantic salmon … · 2006-06-15 · vaccination...
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Vaccination against bacterial diseases in farmed Atlantic salmon –experience and global applicability
Global Vaccine and Immunization Research Forum (GVIRF) 20-22 March 2018 ,Bangkok
Edgar Brun, Saraya Tavornpanich, Atle Lillehaug
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The blue future
• 2030-50: Need food for 9-10 billion people• 2030: Global demand for seafood estimated to 261
million tones• 100 mill tones incl sea weeds in 2014• Aquaculture provided more fish for human consumption
than capture fisheries (2014)
• Aquaculture an efficient and CO2 – friendly way of supplying people with essential nutrients
• Governmental and private optimism; ambitious plans and available funding
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Salmon production in Norway
• 310 mill smolts transferred to sea annually • 1 300 000 tones farmed salmon produced annually
More than 70 % of global aquaculture is small scale production
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Aquatic animals diseases; • Important constraints• Devastating consequences
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A brief history of salmon diseases
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- ISA made notifiable- Health certificate- Compulsory health control
in hatcheries- Regulation on moving fish
already put in sea - Regulations on transport
- Disinfection of wastewater from slaughterhouses and processing plants, and of the seawater supply in hatcheries
- Introduction of zones to combat outbreaks
- Contingency plan,
”Stop ISA campaign”
ISAV identified
Vibriosis Cold water vibriosis Furunculosis Winter skin ulcer
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Production cycle
Broodstockin
freshwater On-growing farm in
sea-water
Slaughtering
On-growingbroodstock in
sea-water
• Time of vaccination• Multi-component
vaccines• Adjuvants• One injection
Smoltfreshwater
Hatchery
Killed instripping process
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7576777879808182838485868788899091929394959697989900010203040506070809101112131415
Prod
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rmed
salm
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x 10
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Production of fish
Salmon production, vaccination and use of antibacterials 1975 - 2015
Vibriosis Cold-watervibriosis
Furun-culosis
Winterulcers
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75 80 85 90 95 00 05 10 15
Prod
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Anti
bact
eria
ls (
tons
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Antibacterials and fish production1996 - 2016
1.037
0.7460.679
0.591
0.6850.645
1.010
0.800
1.1591.215
1.428
0.649
0.905
1.313
0.649
0.549
1.591
0.972
0.511
0.2760.212
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96 01 06 11 16
Prod
ucti
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f fa
rmed
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h (t
ons
x 10
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Anti
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eria
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tons
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Use of antibiotics, fish farmingProduction of fish
Average annual use below 1 mg/kg fish produced.
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Antibiotic (in kg) prescribed for treatment of farmed fish where the amount prescribed were ≥ 20 kg(from K Grave & K Olli Helgesen “Antibakterielle midler til oppdrettsfisk - rekvirering, forbruk og diagnoser 2013-2017» report 5-2018, Norwegian Veterinary Institute)
producion Diagnosis 2013 2014 20152016
2017Salmon growers
Bacterial infections 2024
2640
140310
Cold water vibrosis 21220275
UlcersYersiniosis
20 62220
Salmon broodstock
Bact infections 95Yersiniosis 21
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Use of antimicrobials in aquaculture• Chronic diseases that cause reduced growth, low food
conversion rate and poor survival thus leading to reduced production
• Epidemic diseases that can cause mass mortalities• Failure of preventive therapy• New species in culture and new culture
systems/management • use of veterinary medicines in a lag phase between the
identification and characterization of pathogens and the development of disease control procedures
• Knowledge on when and how to give antibiotics efficiently
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Efficacy of vaccination:
Most of the bacterial vaccines used in farmed salmon have a RPS of >70
Good herd immunity effect
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Efficacy of vaccination:
PD-vaccination 2008 – 2010
Vaccinates Non-vaccinates
Mortality - % 15.0 22.5
Growth - % /day 0.75 0.72
Discarded at slaughter 1.28 2.74
Bang Jensen et al. 2012. Cohort study of effect of vacciantionon pancreas disease in Norwegian salmon aquaculture
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Economic break-even analysis in relation to the efficacy of vaccination.
Thorarinsson &Powell; AquacultureVolume 256, Issues 1–4,15 June 2006, Pages 42-49
Key factors:• Species • Market• Disease profile
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Success criteria for ab-reduction (1)
• Competence in epidemiology and biosecurity to• understand disease dynamics• develop biosecurity-based regulations • develop farm biosecurity
• prevention, control and containment systems
• Diagnostics• Focus on Ab –consumption
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Success criteria for ab reduction (2)
• Vaccines • Public –private –partnership to encourage vaccine
development• Temporary licensing of vaccines• Efficient vaccination procedures
• Encouraging the use of vaccines• Cost-benefit documentation
• Reduce the total load of infection
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Use of vaccines and farming
Brudeseth et al; Fish & Shellfish ImmunologyVolume 35, Issue 6, December 2013, Pages 1759-1768
How can we make vaccineinvestments profitable ?
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Challenges• Vast diversity of cultured fish species and their
pathogens (4-500 species)• Lacking knowledge on immune response• Vaccine development -Autogenous vaccines
• Licensing procedures• Private-public partnership• Promotion of vaccines as a necessary
part of the biosecurity measure • Delivery systems
• Injection is immunologically efficient• Oral is a practical appl. method (only 5 vaccines)
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Delivery systems
• Immersion
• Injection (i.p., i.m.)
• Oral
Algae based platform for oral delivery of drugs and vaccines (TransAlgae)
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Take home message
• Biosecurity measures incl. vaccines, are necessary parts of aquatic animal health management
• An efficient vaccination protocol can give the industry a beneficial cost/benefit ratio.
• Ensure growth and reduce mortalities
• Diagnosic capability and standards for prudent used of ab needed
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Thank you for for listning