v. kerlins- examination of deformed and fractured plastic and metal objects

8/3/2019 V. Kerlins- Examination of Deformed and Fractured Plastic and Metal Objects

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^K^JH HRDLK@D^KE@ EA NHAE_LHN D@N _HVE_ @E.LV 8?*8>6

A_DI^X_HN VJDY^KI D@N LH^DJ EOGHI^Y

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V_HVD_HN O[ Q. Chrjk`y* D9,?>>

K@^_ENXI^KE@

^}e oh`~ ~rd`yvdrh`~ vjdy~ki yvee`y* e`h

x`nhaerlhn /ie`~rej/ yvee`* ~}e oh`~ 9%2, _HTXHY HN O[ Gdic Bexic* D9,?46 "46+

kìb ";.8l+ nkdlh~hr djxlk`xl reny d`n d

ardi~xrhn vjdy~ki yvee` d`n d aerc }hrh IEVKHY E7 _. D. _d}h* D9,?>>

yxolk~~hn ~e ~bh Lh~djjxrmkidj Jdoerd~er{ H`mk`hhrk`m

aer hdlk`d~ke`. K~ }dy rhver~hn ~bd~ e`h _hierny "?+

ea ~bh djxlk`xl reny* oe~b oh`~ yvee`y d`n Akjh "?+ ~bh orech` aerc }hrh ~bh rhyxj~ ea d` x`nkyijeyhn }drl,aerlk`m vreihyy }bkjh ~bh orech` yvee`

d`n e h ea ~bh djxlk xl reny }hrh ld`xdjj{ orech er oh`~ d~ dlokh`~ ~hlvhrd~xrh. ^bky rhver~

neixlh`~y ~bh ~hy~ rhyxj~y d`n eoyhrqd~ke`y ldnh e` ~bh vjdy~ki dy }hjj dy ~bh lh~dj vdr~y.

V_EIHNX_H D@N _HYXJ^Y

Qkyxdj Hdlk`d~ke`Djj ea ~bh eoghi~y }hrh hdlk hn }k~b ~bh x`dknhn h{h dy }hjj dy xyk`m d okèixjdr lkireyievh }k~b

ldm`kakid~ke`y ea = ~e ?8R. ^bh vjdy~ki vdr~y }hrh djye hdlk`hn xyk`m vejdrkwhn jkmb~* be}hqhr* è

dnnk~ke`dj kàerld~ke` }dy mdk`hn doeqh ~bd~ eo~dk`hn o{ ie`qh`~ke`dj jkmb~k`m ~hib`ktxhy. K` djj idyhy*

eoyhrqd~ke`y e` ~bh oh`~ yvee`y }hrh ielvdrhn ~e ~bh @e. 4* "yhh Nd~d Yhi~ke` aer jky~k`m ea ienh`xlohry+ x`nhaerlhn yvee`.

^bh bd njh ea yvee` @e. ? }dy oh ~ yjkmb~j{ ne} * Akmxrh 4* dy ielvdrhn ~e yvee` @e. 4. ^bh oh`~rhmke` hbkok~hn ~rd`yqhryh /irdwk`m/ "ak`h k`~hr`dj irdicy+* }bkjh ~bh dngdih`~ oe}j ybe}hn

je`mk~xnk`dj irdwk`m* Akmxrhy ? d`n 9.

^bh bd njh ea yvee` @e. 9 hbkok~hn d ielvex n ixrqd~xrh d`n }dy oh`~ xv dy ielvdrhn ~e yvee` @e.

4* Akmxrh >. ^bhrh }dy h~h`ykqh ~rd`yqhryh irdwk m e` ~bh bd`njh dy }hjj dy yelh je`mk~xnk`dj

irdwk`m d~ ~bh oe}j* Akmxrhy 8 d`n 1.

^bh ardi~xrhn yvee "@e. >+ d`n ~bh aerc "@e. 8+ drh ybe} k Akmxrhy = d`n 2. Oe~b ardi~xrhy eiixrrhn`hdr ~bh ikrixjdr nkh ldrc e` ~bh bd`njhy. ^bh ardi~xrh k` ~bh yvee` vrevdmd~hn direyy ~bh bd`njh

e d vjd`h rexmbj{ èrldj ~e ~bh je`m dky ea ~bh yvee }bkjh ~bh aerc hbkok~hn d ardi~xrh ~bd~ vrevdmd~hn vdr~j{ dje m d vjd`h erldj ~e ~bh je m dky dy }hjj dy dje`m doex~ d >8,nhmrhh d`mjh ~e ~bh dky ea ~bh

bd`njh. ^bky nkaahrhìh k ardi~xrh vd~by ld{ bdqh ohh nxh ~e ~bh bd`njh ea ~bh yvee ohk`m ajhhn k`

e`j{ e`h nkrhi~ke * xv d`n ne} * }bkjh ~bh aerc ld{ bdqh ohh yxoghi~hn ~e d ielok`d~ke ea xv d`n ne}`dy }hjj dy yknh}d{y d`n ~}ky~k`m jedny. ^bh ih`~rdj rhmke`y ea ~bh ardi~xrhy }bkib eiixrrhn èrldj



LV 8?*8>6

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~e ~bh dhy dj}d{y hbkok~hn d ylee~b* ajd~* ijhdqhn ih`~rdj rhmke` yxrrex`nhn o{ gdmmhn

ijhdqdmh ardi~xrhy. ^bh >8,nhmrhh ardi~xrh ie`yky~hn h`~krhj{ ea ijhdqdmh y~hvy. K~ ybexjn oh vek`~hn ex~ ~bd~ /ijhdqdmh/ ky d ierrhi~ nhyirkv~ke` ea ~bh ardi~xrh lenh k` ~bhyh vjdy~ki vdr~y.

Lenhr` vej{y~{rh`h* }bkib ky dyyxlhn ~e oh ~bh yvee` d`n aerc ld~hrkdj* ky d ir{y~djjk h vjdy~ki

d`n d ir{y~djjk`h y~rxi~xrh ky d `hihyydr{ ie`nk~ke aer ~rxh ijhdqdmh ~e eiixr.

^bh ibdrdi~hrky~ki vd~~hr`y ea ~bh ijhdqdmh y~hvy }hrh xyhn ~e hy~dojkyb ~bh jeidj ardi~xrh nkrhi~ke d`n

~bxy ~rdih ~bh vrkìkvdj id~dy~revbki ardi~xrh odic ~e k~y k`k~kd~ke` rhmke`. ^bh jeid~ke`y ea ~bh

vrkìkvdj ardi~xrh k`k~kd~ke` drhdy drh ybe}` k` Akmxrh 2. K` oe~b idyhy* ~bh ardi~xrhy k`k~kd~hn d~ dajd~ adih~ "yhh Ardi~emrdvbki D`dj{yky+. Yldjj* yhie`ndr{ irdicy* }bkib vrenxihn ~bh irdwk`m vrhyh`~

d~ ~bh orech` bd njhy* k`~hryhi~hn ~bh ldk` ardi~xrh yxradihy. ^bh aerc hbkok~hn d vrelk`h`~

je`mk~xnk`dj yhie`ndr{ irdic d~ ~bh vrkìkvdj ardi~xrh erkmk`* Akmxrh =.

^bh oh`~ djxlk`xl reny drh ybe} k Akmxrh ;. ^bh }drl, d`n ~bh ld`xdjj{,aerlhn reny hbkok~hn

dvvrekld~hj{ d 426,nhmrhh oh`n* }k~b d rdnkxy ea ixrqd~xrh ea >.9 kìbhy "46;.?ll+ aer ~bh }drl d`n9.> k ibhy "21.>l+ aer ~bh ld`xdjj{,aerlhn ren. Dyknh arel ~bh yjkmb~ nkaahrhìh k` rdnkk ea

ixrqd~xrh* oe~b oh`~ reny bdn d yklkjdr dvvhdrdìh d`n yxradih ~h~xrh.

Ardi~emrdvbki D`dj{yky

^bh ardi~xrh yxradihy ea ~bh yvee d`n aerc }hrh hdlk`hn k` ~bh yid``k m hjhi~re` lkireyievh. ^bh

ardi~xrh dvvhdrdìh k` ~bh vrkìkvdj irdic k`k~kd~ke` rhmke` k` ~bh yvee` ky ybe}` k` Akmxrh 46.^bh ajd~ ardi~xrh k`k~kd~ke` we`h bdn d qhr{ ylee~b ~h~xrh* yelh lenhrd~h rexmbh`k`m }dy

hqknh`~ e`j{ d~ d qhr{ bkmb ldm`kakid~ke`* Akmxrh 44. ^bh drhd }k~bk` ~bh ijhdqdmh y~hvy bdn d

rexmbhr dvvhdrd ih }k~b xlhrexy je}* krrhmxjdr* vjd~hdx,jkch y~rxi~xrhy* Akmxrh 4?.

^bh ardi~xrh k` ~bh aerc djye k`k~kd~hn arel d ajd~ adih~* Akmxrh 49. Yelh ndrc y~rhdcy* Akmxrh 4>d`n 48* }hrh eoyhrqhn }k~bk` ~bh ajd~ rhmke`. Bkmb ldm`kakid~ke` yxmmhy~hn ~bd~ ~bh y~rhdcy }hrh

ak`h yird~ibhy* Akmxrh 48. ^bh ajd~ adih~ k` ~bh aerc ie`~dk`hn jkmb~,iejerhn drhdy* Akmxrh 4>*}bkib hbkok~hn d rd`nel vd~~hr` ea yldjj rknmhy* Akmxrh 48* ~bd~ }dy è~ eoyhrqhn e` ~bh ajd~ adih~ e`

~bh yvee`. ^bh x`kaerl mrd{ rhmke`y e` ~bh ajd~ adih~ e` ~bh aerc bdn d yxradih dvvhdrdìhknh`~kidj ~e ~bd~ ea ~bh yvee`* Akmxrh 44. ^bh ardi~xrh }k~bk` ~bh ijhdqdmh y~hvy* Akmxrh 41* }dy

djye qhr{ yklkjdr ~e ~bd~ e` ~bh yvee`.

Lh~djjemrdvb{

^bh djxlk`xl reny }hrh ireyy yhi~ke hn je`mk~xnk djj{ d~ ~bh oh ny* d`n vejkybhn o{ y~d`ndrn

lh~djjemrdvbki vrdi~kih. ^bh lkirey~rxi~xrh }dy rhqhdjhn o{ h~ibk`m }k~b Chjjhr-y h~ib "j BA , j.8BIj , ?.8 B@69 , ;8 B?6+. ]bh` d ren ky oh`~* ~bh ex~yknh nkdlh~hr ky yxoghi~hn ~e je`mk~xnk`dj

~h`ykjh y~rhyy }bkjh ~bh k`yknh nkdlh~hr hvhrkhìhy d je`mk~xnk dj ielvrhyykqh y~rhyy. Oe~b reny

ybe}hn hqknhìh ea yxvhrakikdj mrdk` oex`ndr{ irdick`m d~ ~bh ex~yknh nkdlh~hr. Yelh ~{vkidjirdicy drh ybe}` k` Akmxrh 4=. @e irdicy }hrh eoyhrqhn d~ ~bh k`yknh nkdlh~hr.

Hdlk`d~ke` ea ~bh ireyy yhi~ke y k` ~bh jkmb~ lkireyievh xyk`m ie`qh`~ke`dj kjjxlk`d~ke` dy}hjj dy vejdrkwhn jkmb~ d`n @eldryck vbdyh k`~hrahrhìh ie`~rdy~ ~hib`ktxhy rhqhdjhn è

nkaahrhìhy k` lkirey~rxi~xrh oh~}hh` ~bh oh`~ reny. D ~{vkidj lkirey~rxi~xrh d~ ~bh k`yknh nkdlh~hr ea

~bh }drl,aerlhn ren hbkok~k`m nhaerld~ke` od`ny* }bkib drh arhtxh`~j{ eoyhrqhn k` vjdy~kidjj{

nhaerlhn lh~djy* ky ybe}` k` Akmxrh 42.



LV 8?*8>6

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9

K` ernhr ~e rhqhdj ~bh h~rhlhj{ ak`h lkirey~rxi~xrdj nh~dkj è~ qkykojh k` ~bh jkmb~ lkireyievh* oe~bireyy yhi~ke`y }hrh djye hdlk`hn k` ~bh yid``k`m hjhi~re` lkireyievh d~ ldm`kakid~ke`y dy bkmb dy

44*666R. ^{vkidj yid``k`m hjhi~re` lkiremrdvby drh ybe}` k` Akmxrhy 4; ~e ??. @e ykm`kakid`~

nkaahrhìhy k` lkirey~rxi~xrh }hrh eoyhrqhn oh~}hh` ~bh }drl, d`n ld`xdjj{,aerlhn reny.

Bdrn`hyy ^hy~k`m

^bh ~}e ireyy yhi~ke`y ea ~bh oh`~ reny xyhn aer lh~djjemrdvbki d`dj{yky }hrh djye xyhn aer

bdrn`hyy ~hy~k`m. Ie`qh`~ke`dj _eic}hjj d`n Cèev "466m jedn+ lkirebdrn`hyy ~hy~k`m~hib`ktxhy }hrh xyhn. K` lkirebdrn`hyy ~hy~k`m* d 466m jedn e` ~bh vh`h~rd~er rhyxj~hn k` doex~ d

6.66>=,k ib "6.4?ll+ je`m k nh ~d~ke` k` djxlk`xl ren ld~hrkdj. O{ xyk`m d lkireyievh* ~bhyh

~k`{ k`nh`~d~ke`y id` oh vrhikyhj{ veyk~ke`hn* d`n ~bh bdrn`hyy ea d yldjj jeidj drhd id` ~bxy ohdiixrd~hj{ nh~hrlk`hn.

Ie`qh`~ke`dj bdrn`hyy ~hy~k`m ea ~bh oh`~ drhdy k`nkid~hn ~bd~ oe~b reny bdn d` knh`~kidjbdrn`hyy ea B_O 9;,>6. Cèev lkirebdrn`hyy ~hy~k`m k` }bkib ~bh bdrn`hyy k nh ~d~ke`y }hrh

vjdihn d~ vrhikyhj{ 6.6?6 k ib "6.8ll+ k`~hrqdjy k` d vhrvh`nkixjdr* y~rdkmb~ jk`h arel ~bh ex~yknh ~e~bh k`yknh yxradih ea ~bh oh`ny k`nkid~hn ~bd~* }k~bk` ~bh diixrdi{ ea ~bh ~hy~* ~bhrh }dy è nkaahrhìh

k ~bh bdrn`hyy vreakjhy ea ~bh ~}e oh`~ reny* Akmxrh ?9.

YKM@KAKID@IH EA ND^D

4. ^bh oh`nk`m ea oe~b yvee`y rhyxj~hn k` ~rd`yqhryh irdwk`m "irdick`m+ k` ~bh bd`njhy d`n

je`mk~xnk`dj irdwk`m k` ~bh oe}jy.

?. ^bh ardi~xrh k` ~bh yvee` eiixrrhn direyy ~bh bd`njh }bkjh ~bh aerc bdn ardi~xrhn vrkldrkj{ d~

doex~ d >8,nhmrhh d`mjh.

9. Oe~b ardi~xrhy k`k~kd~hn d~ d ajd~* yxoyxradih adih~.

>. ^bh ardi~xrh lenh k` oe~b idyhy }dy ijhdqdmh.

8. ]bkjh ~bh ardi~xrh lenhy }hrh knh`~kidj* ~bhrh }dy yelh ak`h nh~dkj k` ver~ke`y ea ~bh ardi~xrh

k`k~kd~ke` rhmke` ea ~bh aerc ~bd~ }dy è~ vrhyh`~ k` ~bh k`k~kd~ke` rhmke` ea ~bh yvee`. ^bhykm`kakidìh ea ~bky nkaahrhìh }dy è~ hy~dojkybhn.

1. @e ykm`kakid`~ nkaahrhìhy k` lkirey~rxi~xrh er bdrn`hyy }hrh è~hn oh~}hh` ~bh }drl, d`n~bh ld`xdjj{,aerlhn djxlk`xl reny.



LV 8?*8>6

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_HAH_H@IHY D@N ND^D

4 . II@ j]?]QD;84

Jdoerd~er{ ]ercybhh~ @e. 4?>2?2?.

9. Yvhiklh` Ienhy7

@xlohr K~hl Nhyirkv~ke`

4 Yvee` Ie`~rej

? Yvee` Ld`xdj Oh`n

9 Yvee` /Cjdxyh 9%41%24/

> Orech` Yvee` /Orech` o{ Okjj Bexic

9%48%24/

8 Orech` Aerc /Ibxic Djjh` 9%4>%24/

Q. Chrjk`y

Ld~hrkdjy ! Vreihyyhy , Lh~djjxrm{ Nhykm`

! ^hibèjem{

DVV_EQHN O[ UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

_. D. _d}h* Ordìb Ibkha , ^hibèjem{Ld~hrkdjy ! Vreihyyhy , Lh~djjxrm{ Nhykm` !

^hibèjem{

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LV 8?*8>6?= Ld{ 4;24

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Akmxrh j. Ixrqd~xrh ea ~bh Bd`njh ea Yvee` @e. ? Ielvdrhn ~e Yvee` @e. j.

Akmxrh ?. ^rd`yqhryh Irdwk`m k` ~bh Bd`njh ea Yvee` @e. ? Ielvdrhn ~e Yvee` @e. 4* Ie`qh

Yknhy xv.



LV 8?*8>6?= Ld{ 4;24

1

Akmxrh 9. Je`mk~xnk`dj Irdwk`m k ~bh Oe}j ea Yvee` @e. ? Ielvdrhn ~e Yvee` @e. 4* Ie`qh YknhyXv.

Akmxrh >. Ixrqd~xrh ea ~bh Bd`njh ea Yvee` @e. 9 Ielvdrhn ~e Yvee` @e. j.



LV 8?*8>6?= Ld{ 4;24

=

Akmxrh 8. ^rd`yqhryh Irdwk`m k` bh Bd`njh ea Yvee` @e. 9 Ielvdrhn ~e Yvee` @e. 4* Ie`qh Yknhy

Xv.

Akmxrh 1. Je`mk~xnk`dj Irdwk`m k` ~bh Oe}j ea Yvee` @e. 9 Ielvdrhn ~e Yvee` @e. 4* Ie`qh Yknhy

Xv.



LV 8?*8>6?= Ld{ 4;24

2

Akmxrh =. Ardi~xrhn Bd`njhy ea ~bh Yvee` "Oe~~el+ d`n Aerc "^ev+* Ie`qh Yknhy Xv. Drre} Vek`~y~e d Yhie`ndr{ Irdic k` ~bh Aerc.

Akmxrh 2. ^rd`yqhryh Irdwk`m k ~bh Bd`njhy ea ~bh Ardi~xrhn Yvee` "Oe~~el+ d`n ~bh Aerc "^ev+*

Ie`qh Yknhy Xv. Drre}y Vek`~ ~e Dvvrekld~h Jeid~ke` ea Ardi~xrh K`k~kd~ke`



LV 8?*8>6?= Ld{ 4;24

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Akmxrh ;. ]drl, "]+ d`n Ld`xdjj{,Aerlhn "L+ Djxlk`xl _eny.

LDM@. ?>.9R

Akmxrh 46. Ardi~xrh K`k~kd~ke` Adih~ "K+ k` ~bh Orech` Yvee`. Evh` Drre}y K`nkid~h Jeidj Irdic

Vrevdmd~ke` Nkrhi~ke`. Yjh`nhr Drre} Vek`~y ~e Jeid~ke` ea Ardi~xrh Yxradih Ybe}` k Akmxrh4?.



LV 8?*8>6?= Ld{ 4;24

46

LDM@. 2*166R

Akmxrh 44. Yxradih Nh~dkj k` Ardi~xrh K`k~kd~ke` _hmke` ea Yvee`.

LDM@. 2*866R

Akmxrh 4?. Ardi~xrh Dvvhdrd`ih d~ Ijhdqdmh Y~hv. @e~h ~bh Krrhmxjdrj{ Ybdvhn Vjd~hdxy.



LV 8?*8>6?= Ld{ 4;24

44

LDM@. ?8.8R

Akmxrh 49. Ardi~xrh K`k~kd~ke` Adih~ "K+ k` ~bh Orech` Aerc. Evh` Drre}y Ybe} Jeidj Ardi~xrh

Vrevdmd~ke` Nkrhi~ke`.

LDM@. 11.>RAkmxrh 4>. Y~rhdcy "Drre}y+ ]k~bk` ~bh Ardi~xrh K`k~kd~ke` Adih~ k` ~bh Aerc. Nh~dkj ea ~bh Y~rhdc d~ "D+

]k~bk` ~bh Jkmb~,Iejerhn Drhd ky Ybe}` k` Akmxrh 48. ^bh Ardi~xrh d~ Ijhdqdmh Y~hv "O+ ky

Ybe}` k` Akmxrh 41.



LV 8?*8>6?= Ld{ 4;24

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LDM@. ;*666RAkmxrh 48. Nh~dkjhn Yxradih Dvvhdrd`ih ea Y~rhdcy "Ndrc Od`ny+ k` ~bh Jkmb~ Iejerhn Drhd. @e~h ~bh

_d`nel Vd~~hr` ea Yldjj _knmhy Ex~yknh ~bh Y~rhdcy.

LDM@. ;*666R

Akmxrh 41. Ardi~xrh Dvvhdrd`ih d~ ~bh Ijhdqdmh Y~hv. @e~h Yklkjdrk~{ ~e Akmxrh 4?



LV 8?*8>6?= Ld{ 4;24

49

H^IBD@^7 CHJJH_-Y LDM@. ?66RAkmxrh 4=. Mrdk` Oex`ndr{ Irdick`m "Drre}y+ d~ Ex~yknh Nkdlh~hr ea Oh`n k` ]drl,Aerlhn _en.

H^IBD@^7 CHJJH_-Y LDM@. ?6ER

Akmxrh 42. Nhaerld~ke` Od`ny "Drre}y+ @hdr K yknh Nkdlh~hr ea Oh`n k ]drl,Aerlhn _en.



LV 8?*8>6?= Ld{ 4;24

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HÎBD@^7 CHJJH_-Y LDM@. ?=2R

Akmxrh 4;. ^{vkidj Lkirey~rxi~xrh @hdr ~bh Ex~yknh Nkdlh~hr ea Oh`n k` ]drl,Aerlhn _en. ^bh Ndrc

Yve~y drh Yldjj Vk~y ]bkib Bdqh _hyxj~hn Arel Kìjxyke`y Ohk`m Vxjjhn Arel ~bh Yxradih

Nxrk`m Vejkybk`m. Evh` Drre} Vek`~y ~e _hmke` Ybe}` k` Akmxrh ?6.

HÎBD@^7 CHJJH_-Y LDM@. 46*26ERAkmxrh ?6. Lkirey~rxi~xrh ea ]drl,Aerlhn Djxlk`xl _en. Evh` Drre}y Vek`~ ~e Mrdk` Oex`ndrkhy*

Yejkn Drre}y Ybe} Vk~y.



LV 8?*8>6?= Ld{ 4;24

48

H^IBD@^7 CHJJH_-Y LDM@. ?28R

Akmxrh ?4. ^{vkidj Lkirey~rxi~xrh @hdr ~bh Ex~yknh Nkdlh~hr ea ~bh Ld`xdjj{,Aerlhn _en.Lkirey~rxi~xrh ky Knh`~kidj ~e ~bd~ k` Akmxrh 4;. Evh` Drre} Vek`~y ~e Jeid~ke` Ybe}` k`

Akmxrh ??.

H^IBD@^7 CHJJH_-Y LDM@. 44*466RAkmxrh ??. Lkirey~rxi~xrdj Nh~dkj ea Ld`xdjj{,Aerlhn _en. ^bh Lkirey~rxi~xrh ky Hyyh`~kdjj{ Knh`~kidj

~e ~bd~ Ybe}` k` Akmxrh ?6.



LV 8?*8>6?= Ld{ 4;24

41

Akmxrh ?9. Lkirhbdrn`hyy ^rdqhryhy ea ]drl, d`n Ld`xdjj{,Aerlhn Djxlk`xl _eny.

v. kerlins- examination of deformed and fractured plastic and metal objects

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