~ f-ahdi n9 EIeLiYoYrPsnef/c WaveS

~ /h, .' ' .,,' .. c, lile.cJ.romagne-h'c waves Can gef- ?efl-<f<4., SlO-'fdC€ Df a 6?rnduc!oy- oy crf a d..fe/eJ-y/c (9{as5). -rheIYJ CI deuf Q.A.,u:;{ I1u yef&.-c.k& CUQ ve5 CCtv) s t-t..pV7.../:os:e Iv fo'vm 5/£t hd lnqUX:t{£5 veny 'much .-e.; /U2 1TZ< 'mecJ,avlI'c..at CiJC<veS on C( SJo,'ng •

~JJh' ~~~LJ!I'/.\

S~ppose 0... S'lnu SO(da{ cQave /Yo.vel/n9 fo T71~ ~H- ge.k roej1Pc/-l.c(fYzrrn CL C.-mtdtA c..f-r;y- 0.}- X=-O. T J" e {Y\ d d-e u.f au.d ~/~_a/-ed. E - wQ vea.u.d 8- C-Oave ~ Sf-ahcL;\-""3 waves w7th modes ~ Clnh'n6d.es

C\%) . shtrcb11- in (fu CLb 0 i-e h~9~cre{ F (:1' 32, 2.'2) t{nd CC{h be'"'re.-p r-e5e.ukd ct.-0

E:J [x, t) z: [mCl.x [ CO s (/e.x t-wt) - UJ (hywtJ]% i «, t) =- BtrJox [_ CiJ5 ( kX +{).)i) -CDS (/2)(-wl:)]

US '',,'9 Un (It ± b):::. a» It o» /3 + Sin I't 51",(3)

t: (x i) E sr'y!}2..x s tn WtC:J . i := - 2 y'Y)Q.X

52 C)(, t ) = _ 2.. Bmax UJ) f1.x C5> U) f-

These .e-7tAC\.h'(JY)$ arze similct'-z.- 10 W s/eRnd('ng wave .etlfACt~tJY) we~Ld t=: tfu '5Jye/-ehe4 ,fyjng. We 5ee fT,O-1- c. - h'eid. ",.,1/ hewe'YlooleS o..f- 12 X:: 0 IT ZIT...... -;> x - 0 /\ ~ 1;\ '5In Ld,= 11'1

J I - -) ~ I /, ) 1:' /"\

~ ,anHnOdeS C\i- f2.X = q) ~) ~ ~ X ~ ~) ~) 0-5l-aVYitrfj Wa Ve.s /Y) 0. Ca.v;~. 4- q W

IY) t\. CtA.v/~ of /.erg th L ~. kR. Q rn ICYO t.i)Q ve 0 lie vt. Ey = 0 0..{- x=-o + L

~ SinF2.L=-.o ==) RL= Tr)2rr,5i1-·':::.nrr

~ 'YJ L .'Y1If, ~ /\ n':: ~ th ~ \) 2 •... )/'~ ~ J~

~n:: ~ .:: 'h C f VI -) 2 '3... )/''Vl z:t:. l -) )

ChCAp~ 3~

Tl-e N~h-ty~ Clhel PropCLget.h"(fYl 0 f Ught

Na-~ of U,9ht-

1· ~lAsc.{A.llV1... ()y Fbrzh"de NCt(-wre _ Propos~ by N~wl7m

~ld.. -Rxplal''Y) (i) S/¥ci/shr UYlC f:),YDpa.9et.h~j (1.) Law of 'YeJieth'on

Cot-d4. '>1of- -e<p (ail1 CD Law of ,),cZp-ac..hbvl m [Y\~-u·L-fouhc.e I ~ i {iYC:Lh'crn

2. ~ LtJG!ve "'~hAye (WoYk of Hll~geVl5) YO(.,tng I FyeSf1e.{ I HU)(ivW )

[')t'p (c..!¥) 5 'Ye.(fe ch'dYJ I Y.e/va.c.h'6Y) 1 "y\ ~(/l._fUl ..QII1u? I d_/f+ac.J-/(JYI an4

~olu;'l9QhDYIIiCl)( we.i{ J.s I"helJYlj 5hOw-e£..i fficd-

Of J-kit)Ylch H-c.nfa eo-nc1usl t-elye./ed,t7rYlUjYJl-h'C wave.

DlA y' II - '. - ~f. .". p.enimeiAh~ . ('tiC) I n.e &11'j pC1l1-~ Of I tU 20 (~ ceVl/-rAy~ I~~r- scrrne <-"-Involving Ct.6SO'11h'cn 6Y ~n1/'ss;on d)- LlJi1f- s{,..,~/1ial- ~'8h+ Ctih halle

0.. pev.-hcle 'Ola.h.-t're aAA.Dt -Vgh+ toaves C£..1.Y) U<J1;'L.iJ bundles OJ- eVJCJ).g~

~ pho l-vY1 S I If-u q IA (t n ~-(A/Yn 0 f- L1'(Jhf .

~'h 1h.is Chapk'2.. w.e Luilt d;'SUASS ('he wCll/e-nal~ye 6f ~18t·,f-0. he( J-s tm s e 1"lA.Q VI U/,J •

t:!o.ve Fyo)'-l/-s O/llc{ Ra~$

A C<.:h\/e -0'+ ~ C\. SLtyfoU2 of CeYn5/rlhl-

PhW:lQ, If tjou /.a ve 0... txn;"r 504.Va2) lA.'ghf--iJi II I) ro pOSet-1e lY\ a.4 cl j'y'<-Lh'cms lA 5'

c;~ iY) IN -{1'g-lA.ye •. II ~ou. c;{yaW D5l-tyfetu. Of LainSt-Ctht P hClse ~ ~'ll h.l.~ hen; ~ cts 5hown, T/t,e 5/Ya(~h I- .

tV--v-zows ShlllV rru cUvet-h'cJYI o-f pYDpu9CthanCU--ld. co-u: UvU uJ. ~C{~.5 ..

fCUc.. o.WCVj {nrrr, ffit SOlA rc.e j I t\i. v ccd i {'Of (7A.t Wet lie ~I-s u~/1 be &v-fJe CU<.o{ , erel..oalle ~ Cl?l.-u. J.:u Cf.'rY)sICff.h.d M Cti?.0-l1e

S...0!.'1..f? U CV) $ h O-l1J71' I~ lTu.. YCl-lj S CAJlR..(>o./W,A,,{.et • • LI

We f;ivsf C-(.iT)sidUl.- ~eNa>1 ryHcs i;l.~ ,(JJVTi~ 0e 'Ye-/JY{.St~'\~ (;J~ YCl.'j'5·

e.,,8h~0 Oh e..leuY'OyY'JQ.Bne.l-ic coaie r WoY1<

proved 1114.f- -lA'S!' t ~ ;'nde€d 0/1)

~

~~

3We ha.ve 5UV) rncd- wheVl -lA'9ht eVlkh5 a. mttf.-v-doJ mu;iI\.{WI 'Lis s~ ~

(ow01..ed. bUtt- tts 'fr!jW/Yll?J'Yevnal\1s und,anq€d. St'nuz A -= f <Ao) lh.-t

Wave /E-Vlgrh of L'3ht iYl Ct '7>'la\;lAvYl w1/1 ~ lowene.d. I+uu. Ao ?; ttZ.etutll/eie.tVJIh i'VI WUUAm· We. have de-rind fVu ye(ya.c.f-h.e iVlde;c of

I t\.t 'M ecU ~ YYl rn::.. %) 1 fcJY- an!) '»1 ed I'~ vn . 'Yl~HQss~ I' G"""I 11wc./-t4.= (,3 J .A//\in t1/\.... - /to f \'VVC"- 1/ - V - T -:::/\0/,,\ I

La.ws Df Re..H e.~h'{JyJ and Re-frcH..h'6'v]

~"'h~Vl a... ya'j of £Igtt I- Sh1'1<~ c:t

$moo th 1V\ ~fa..u t7-f!- hv() {yaLA S PCt/u2 /Ill- media.

( ti\le. QIY ClVla 9iCtsS (Jy wctj.L,'7.. au& 91aH)} ~

of U- ~ ~t.-kd. Qud o, pQ.it-f- ~ YefyCicf-ed.

CJv r<-et,USh11 f.k&. ClS Sh~rn I\~} Itc•. p'guve.

\

E;(perziYYl<t-il~ Show (11al-CD 'I he iV1 dcfe u--I-) -re r<e J.e& ClIAd 'Ye/ya~ "("(J_ij5_ Q.M.L1( IR

. i : t-r. 'Qme hLuy}e'hliYmcU to ttu 5tt-r= aLl Vi e oY1 IIIU ~ r

~The Cthgle Of- IV/C-i'deha V> e.ft-uti /-0 I~ on'] Ie 6f,erte~h'dY1 8y- = 9 a. Lctw of -Yej-{el/-iOV)

®1~-<. St'nes of 111-e angle 6} (nUdtnGe ~ IG.~fe of 'Yefa:;q-/csY) 0JlQ ryeLC1.kci +v e£tc.-h OlhUl. OCCfJYdt'l-1fj k

'1'1 C\. s tv) tJc\.::. "Y) b S i'V) e b

ov:Law eft -rcz/yu[hhYI (fY'

5n eLi)5 latJ5(n &0.. _ 'Y1 b

Sr''Y) e 10 - %eAp VIi mei/i-i-ct.{ 0 foSV7 w..J-io'Y}s CCi/IJ he den "1/4/ ~ [JQI.e 1h~Y1d'

175.. Figure 33.8 Refraction and reflection in three cases

(a) ray cnt .ring a material of larger index ofrefraction bend toward the normal,

IncidentMaterial a

-Material bI'll; > na

Normal-----'-.-----°b Refracted

(b) f\ ra ... entering a material of smaller inde .of refraction bend, awayfrom the normal.

Incident fj-u . ormal-:.,....:...i( ••••..Reflected

Material a Material bRefracted

(c) A ray l riented along the normal do ~ notbend, regardles: of the materials.'-

fJa .---ll--. (jb

Refracted

Gorryright ~. 2\X)S "'Barson Edv.;alif. Inc..• ;;;;li::;;Nr"i# <1::;Pl'<1r:;.:;n Addi:;:cn.W/OslBV

YCUr1g and Heedll\9nV::ower,:;,.y P: yS,'C5. l21h £:Mlon

Uncit/1.. Uh-fzL\Y) cJycumsf-ztnus ()vi{ of l"ht ~.-lghf (lln he yef1e[fu(

60.&/< fYum Ik< IV1bfali!1 w-iffi 'Tl0Yl€ of r,;em be..inJ yefyoc.kd. ({ya~sm/lkd)~\leVl ~ Ol-t9h l"h.e Sf..U11& mal·-c.:"lc...< IS /YClM.SJxvUiIll-. Exom ,"1e I~ follumng·P9l.ive wtli'ch ShbWS 5eveJ-u;t.{ iYll-fdeiAr m!Js y~cU\O-h'Y)9 (nn-rJa

5 fY) 91e p01'Y1 f- 90t{ YU' • In rtiI'5 Ct.Vl.e. we Q/n!-{ W) e rt.b < net 50 rTt eLf-

eb) ~a.. Ih tu: o.v-qle of lnUd.eVlc.e rn~S f}b 0..150 !nuu£t5e~.

It +- a Urz...f-cd n CTZ.-1' H oxi: !fa lae of Sa.: 9cyi l- j Slo z: q0 o~ lY\ rz;; (5

ClV2L 5t'YJ e 'Y\I~ ~... Sndt's ltUJ-" - V V,V"lCYI't - - ha.

(a) Total intemal.reflection

Total internal reflection occursouly if flh < nO"

Tol-a.t I:h\-vl.naL ye. u·c.Hdh hb .... th.--. ,,~{,.,T\..(. -V'J"JaV)~ 0.,,1'" laJthms ~

CD PV1I2e) Pds In CD It'glr./- pi pe Q) J={Ioen. op h'c:s «.0 ehdosc6?~s )eAe , t6y ct~ \s sread fe;r2f.

r., the. CCl~e PuY)o p n'<;m J 1lU. iV7 <- i d Ui.-f- bJh f.. V) {nL;d-iM-!-

a.+- Lf ~ 0 tn1 tri.A. 4 5 D fa CR.5 CL-ud g4 Iv faJ.i.:J'Ye.-f-( e Lkd. . N() m ryyOY

w-fll 'Ye{f.iLi- -0'9h ~ /?J1M1~. S~ Q. yefteckv ~ ~ p-mV71o.nevJ- a-u.o(.

!)-).O(- Qffe<-k.d lb~ bYl('st-dYLC)' 6/noa..u..lQ./v.:) use CJ!:nrIb/nah'O'n of f-wv

p~ pvlsm. Sa ft31Ave. (YJuU- ~)

iAJ heVt c\ -6'9h I- beam J2hl-ens Ov/- OI1e eVld b f ~ IYaMS ~Yt-''-Yod J ~- UU<.. ge-f- f7J/m1.~ 'Ye.{(e,-kd. "Y\kn-~~ ITt.<. .I.)ght- ~IY~pp.ut w) ~ ~l') lki yod . A- bt.-lvtdle of su~ ~lfole wct!> caLU..

~ClNV1mn lYnDJjl-sJ In fovvnu,h'C!Y'l tv.) mo~~ ~. b~aWl5"

I~ lave 'mWU~ o.ppll!U>!-h'CN15 iN? UA.-d05Cop-eS, ~o S ~uf<,*:!byah M'evt hvbe-s I h ~ th. I it: 4j-le>Y) a-ced so Cfh·) ~ G~ M -ecccio sU!I

I~ h'JpodeAh1-/c ~les fvv 5~ d}- h'sSl-{e) ~ htcroa ve$sets.

Thebgbt is trappedintherodit.allthe ungl~~of incidence

-(such as.er, P. and ''Y)exceed the criticalangle.

'.. .. . .. .... .. . ..

176. Figure 33.14a Total internal reflection

(a) Total internal reflection in aPorro prism

./_ ,0 L-.~.J.~iY) CJl 9c-:::: 4 ') f(..l

il1KnncJ. YCr1e.t.-(-fCfY15 octUY

6h 4 [;o foU1S

If the incident beam L' orientedas shown, total internal retlectionoccurs on the 45° faces (becausefor a glas -air interface,ecrit == 41.1°).

COIYl'right·~ ~'OO3 F'€car6on E'd~'<:;;tl-:-n.lnc ..f-".JUi:;.1-,'r.g<18 Pearson /l,ddLson·We,;,lE-'l

\3ung and rleedmafl,U,?II'eTsity Pnvs.C$. 121h Ed.:lon