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De poetica van Osip Mandelstam: Het metatekstuele aspect

Chindine, S.

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Citation for published version (APA):Chindine, S. (1999). De poetica van Osip Mandelstam: Het metatekstuele aspect Amsterdam: in eigen beheer

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Download date: 27 Aug 2018

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KOMnPECCHPOBAHHblE CEMAHTHHECKHE MO^EJIH KAK 0>OPMA BbIPAÎKEHHfl

"AKMEHCTHHECKOrO" MHPOB033PEHHH MAH^EJlbllJTAMA

LilnpoKoe H pa3Hoo6pa3Hoe Hcnojib30BaHHe MaHflejiburraMOM BO3MO>KHOC-

Tefi, noKaiuHX B c(j>epe ceMaHTHKH nosranecKoro H3bixa, OTHOCHTCA K HHCJiy

raaBHbix npH3HaKOB, onpe^ejiaiomHX cneuHcjjHKy ero nosTHKw. OpweHTaqHa Ha

co3üaHHe HOBbix CMbicjiOB, o6pa3yiomHXCfl Kan B npe/rejiax o^Horo TeKCTa, TaK H B

rpaHnuax xyaowecTBeHHoro MHpa B uejioM, OTHCTHHBO npoaBiweTca Ha npniviepe

oTaenbHbix cjiOBoynoTpe6jieHHH, B ocHOBe KOTopbix JIOKHT coaepjKameeca B

"Pa3roBope o flaHTe" xopoiuo H3BecTHoe MaHjejibiuTaMOBCKoe onpeneneHne

cooTHOuueHHH cjroBa H CMbicna: Jltoôoe cjioeo nennerncn nyuKOM, u CMUCJI mopmim U3

Hezo e pci3Hbie cmopoHu [III, 226]. C n o e o, B TaKOM ero noHMMaHHH, ecTecTBeHHbiM

o6pa30M 0Ka3biBaeTca cnoco6HbiM K MaKCHMajibHOMy pacuiHpeHHK) CBoero

BHVTpeHHero ceMaHTMnecKoro npocTpaHCTBa, nocKOJibKV co^ep>KamHeca B He\i

CMbicjioo6pa30BaTejibHbie BO3MO>KHOCTH opHeHrapoBaHbi Ha npaKTHiecKM

6ecKOHe4Hoe HMCJIO HOBMX BapHaHTOB, o HeM MaHjiejibiiiTaM MeTacj)opHHecKM

nniueT B nepBoti rnaBe CBoero ars poëtica: Kanecmeo no33uu onpedennemcH ôbicmpo-

moù u peuaiMOCtnbH), c Komopoù OHCI eHedpnem ceou ucnojiHwnejibCKue 30Mbic/ibi-

npuKCi3bi e 6e3opyduÙHyho, cnoeapHym, nucmo KommecmeeHHyw npupody cnoeoo6pci30-

6CIHUH. Hado nepeöeMcamb nepe3 ecto luupuny peKu, 3cizpoMOMcdeHHOü nodeuMCHbiMu u

pci3HoycmpeMJieHHbiMU KiunaùcKUMu doKOHKCiMu, - mciK cosdaemcH CMbicii nodmunec-

KOù pemi [III, 217] '. CnocoÔHoe öecnpe^ejibHO yBejiMHWBaTb CBOH "opyxmfÎHbie"

CBoficTBa cjiOBo He MoaœT He 6biTb H30Mop(j)HO 6ojiee KpynHbiM BepôaJibHbiM

o6pa30BaHH>iM, MTO np^MO ccJjopMyjiMpoBaHO BO BTopoH rnaBe "Pa3roBopa o

/JaHTe": BCXKUù nepuod cmuxomeopnou pemi - óydb mo cmpoHKa, cmpocpa wiu

He.ibHCiH KOMno3ui\uH mipunecKaa - HeoôxoduMO paccMampueamb KCIK edunoe cnoeo

[III, 226]; TaKHM o6pa30M, nosTHHecKoe CJIOBO, B MaH^ejibiiJTaMOBCKOM noHHivia-

HHH, npaMO 3KBHBajieHTHO xyxio>KecTBeHHOMy m e K c m y, nocKOJibKy noTeHirna-

jibHO BMemaeT ero B CBoe cMbicjiOBoe npocTpaHCTBO, coziep>KHT ero B npe^ejibHO

144

coKpameHHOH (j)opMe. FIoaoÔHbie npe^CTaBJieHMfl, no,zn<penjDieMbre BceM TBopnecT-

BOM MaHAejibuiTaMa, ^aiOT ocHOBaHHH paccMaTpMBaTb CJIOBO B KanecTBe CBoeo-

6pa3HOH CeMaHTHHeCKOH KOMnpeCCMpOBaHHOH MO^eJIH, B KOTOpOH B CBepHyTOM

BHjie coxpaHfleTCfl Kax nosTMnecKHH MHp caMoro aBTopa, TaK H BC» MHpoBaa

no3THHecKaa Tpa^HUHfl. HTO B03BpamaeT Kax K OCO6CHHOCTHM aKMeHcranecKOH

n03THKH B ueJIOM. TaK H K npHHUHnnaJIbHOMy ßJlÄ Hee nOHHTHK) "MnpoBoro

no3THHecKoro TeKCTa"2.

B TO ace BpeMfl, npH3HaK CMMCJIOBOH KOMnpeccnpoBaHHOCTH pacnpocTpaHa-

eTCH MaHAenbiuTaMOM 3a npe/iejibi OTaejibHoro cjiOBa, TpaHcnoHHpyacb B

co6cTBeHHO coaep>KaTejibHyK) c^epy; B 3TOH CBJOM cp. npHcyTCTByromyio B CTHXO-

TBopeHHH 1932 r o a a "K HeMeuKOH penn" Mbicjib o BO3MO>KHOCTH nocjiejjoBa-

TejibHoro "pocTa", npeo6pa30BaHM» rpacJ)HHecKH 3acJ)MKCHpoBaHHoro 3ByKa (cj)OHe-

TnnecKHH ypoBeHb) B nosTMHecKyio CTpoKy (ypoBeHb ceMaHTHKH) H TeKCT (coaep-

>KaTejIbHbIH ypOBeHb), npHTOM ITO Ka>KJIOe H3 Tpex 3BeHbeB M30MOp(})HO aBTOpCKOH

JiHHHOCTH (SKCTpaTeKCTyajibHbiH ypoBeHb): H MHO zo npeztcde, teM H cAte/i podumbcn,

H ôyKeoù ôbui, ôbui euHozpadnoù cmpoHKOü, H KHUZOù 6bui [III, 70]. B KanecTBe

KOMnpeCCHpOBaHHOH MO^eJIH, OCHOBOH PJW KOTOpOH BbICTynaeT CTHXOTBOpHaH

CTpocjja, oco3HaeTCH MaHwejibuiTaMOM "BojKecTBeHHaa KoMe/nia": ecs nosua

npedcmaejiRem coßoü odHy-eduHcmeeHHym, edunyw u HedpoôuMyw cmpodpy. Bepnee, -

ne cmpo(py, a KpucmajuiozpcHpimecxyio (puzypy, mo ecnib meno. <...> Ona ecmb

cmpoMcaùiuee cmpeoMempimecKoe meno, odno cruiouiHoe pa3eumue Kpucmannozpcnpu-

necKOÙ meMbi. HeMbiaiuMO oôbmrib zncaoM IUIU HaznndHO ceôe 60o6pci3umb 3mom

nydoeuufHbiù no ceoeù npaewibHOcmu mpuHadi^amumbicanezpciHHUK [III, 227] 3.

HaKOHeu, H caivia K y n b m y p a Ha^enaeTCH cnocoÔHOCTbio K npeöbiBaHHio B

CBepHyTOH, OKaTOH CJîOpMe - CM. B 'TlHCbMe O pyCCKOH n033Htt" O CHMBOJIMCTCKOH

no3HUMH no OTHOiueHHK) K 3ana,HHoeBponeHCKOH TpajmijMH: pyccKoü no3mimecKoù

MbicJiu CHoea omKpbuicn 3anad, Hoemü, coônasHumenbhbiù, eocnpiiHRtnbiù eecb cpasy,

KUK ediiHüR penuzuH [II, 237]; cp. o COGCTBCHHO pyccKon cocTaBJiaiomeH MnpoBon

KyjibTvpbi B m a ß e "B He no HHHV 6apcTBeHHOH ujyôe" "IUyMa BpeMeHM":

OziLHObieancb na eecb deexinHadijcimbiù eex pyccKoù Kynbmypu <...>, H XO<JY

OK.iuKHymb cmonemue, KCIK ycmoîmmyw nozody, u euMcy e HCM eduncmeo

"nenoMepnoü cmyotcu", cnaneiueù decnmunemuH e oduH denex, e odny HOHKy, e

zjiyóoxyjo 3UM\ [II, 392]. KaK CBoeo6pa3Hoe KoivinpeccnpoBaHne, "ynnoTHeHne"

jiHTepaTypHOH Tpa^Hunn MO>KeT paccMaTpHBaTbca npncyTCTByiomee TaM )Ke H yxœ

paccMaTpnBaBiueeca Bbiiue HaaejieHne ee "cjjaMMJibHbiMH" npH3HaKaiviM.

B03HHKaK)iuee B CBH3M c BoenoMHHaHHHMH 06 oöiueHHH c B.B.rnnnMycoM: ceùnac

MHe mpyduo omdenambCH om outymeHiix, mno a öbiea.i na doMy y COMOù numepamy-

145

pbi. HuKozda noem numepamypa ne ôbuia y wee öOMOM, Keapmupoü, ceMbeü, zde pndoM

cnam pbiMcue McuibnuKu e ceirmambix KpoeamKax [II, 390], - H: B.B. ynwi empoumb

jiumepamypy He KOK xpciM, a KOK pod. B numepamype OH uenwi nampuapxcuibHoe

omuoecKoe nancuio Kymmypu [II, 391]; cp. 6jiM3Kyio o6pa3HOCTb B 3a\ieTKe ">KaK

poAHJica H yMep": Bce KHUZU - n/ioxue u xopoutue - cecmpbi [II, 445]. 3#ecb >Ke

M05KHO npHBeCTH y>Ke HeOOTOKpaTHO UHTHpOBaBLUHHCH CJiynaM HCnOJIb30BaHHfl

o6pa3a ceMbH jum cpaBHeHHa c c})HJiojiorHeH B CTaTbe "O npnpozie cjiOBa", r,ne OH

HMeeT OTHeTJiHBbie ÖHorpa(j)HHecKHe KOHHOTauHH: JJutnepamypa - nenenue

oöufecmeeHHoe, (punojiozun - nenenue doMaïunee <...>; cpiwojiozuR - ynueepcumem-

CKUù ceMunapuü, ceMbx <...>, nomoMy umo ecRKCix ceMba depMcumcn na uHtnonaifuu u

na ifumame, na Kaebmmx [I, 223]. HMCHHO KOMnpeccHpoBaHHoe, "ynJioraeHHoe"

cocTOflHHe, B KOTopoM npeöbiBaeT KyjibTypa, npe,a,onpe,nejiHeT Heo6xo,miMOCTb

ycTaHOBJieHH» "reHeraHecKHx" COOTBCTCTBHH C xyji;o>KecTBeHHbiM onbiTOM

jteBaTHajmaToro Bena, npoeunpyeivibiM MaH^ejibuiTaMOM Ha coBpeMeHHyio eiwy

jiHTepaTypy, - K npwBe^eHHbiM Bbiiiie KOHTexcTaM CM. B CTane "Eypa H HaracK":

OmHbine pyccKan no33un nepeoü nemeepmu deaduamozo eexa eo eceü ceoeü

coeoKynnocmu ywee ne eocnpiiHUMaemcH HumamenxMU KüK "ModepHU3M " c npucyujeù

3/noMy noHHtnuw deycMbicneHHOcmbio u nojiynpe3pumejibHOcmb\o, a npocmo KCIK

pycCKÜR H033UM. 17p0U30UUlO mo, Htno M03KH0 HCl36Cimb cpClUfeHUeM n0360H0HHUKCl

deyx nosmunecKux cucmeM, deyx nosmunecKux snox [II, 288]; cp. TaM >Ke o craxa.x

BjiOKa: EJIOK - cioMcneüuiee nenenue mimepamypHozo 3KJieKmu3Mci, - smo coöupamenb

pyccKozo cmuxa, pci3ÖpocaHHozo u pacmepnHHOZO ucmopunecKu pa30umbiM

deemriHadijambiM eeKOM. BemiKcin paooma coóupaHux pyccKozo cmuxa, npou3eedeu-

HüH EJIOKOM, eiue ne nena djw coepeMennuKoe u mojibKO uHcmuHKmueno nyecmeyemcR

iiMu KOK neeynan cwia. CoöupamenbHaH npupoda EJIOKO, ezo cmpeMJienue K ueHmpami-

3ÜUUU cmuxa u H3bwa, nanoMunaem zocydapemeennoe uymbe ucmopunecKux MocKoe-

CKUX denmeneu [II, 289].

XpoHOJiorHHecKHH acneKT ceiviaHTHHecKOH KOMnpeccHH, npHcyTCTBywmHH B

aaHHbix onHcaHMflx, npaivio COOTHOCHM C xapaicrepHOH jum MaHAenbiirraMa vijieeü

CHHxpoHMH e p e M e H w, OTHeTJiHBO Bbipa>KeHHOH B "Pa3roBope o /JaHTe": HeMbi-

cjiuMO mimamb necnu JJanma. ne oóopanuecm ux K coßpeMeHHoemu. <...> OHU

mpeöymm KOMMenmapun e Futurum. - BpeMR dnn JJawna ecmb codepztcaHue ucmopuu,

noHUMCieMoù KCIK ediwbiu cuHxpoHucmmecKuü ciKm. u oöpamno: codepMcanue ecmb

coeMecmHoe depMcanue epeMenu - comoeapuufOMU, coucKamennMu, coomKpbieamejw-

Mu [III, 238]; CM. B aeBflTOH rnaBe: CoeduHue necoeduHUMoe, JJaHm usMeniLi

cmpyKinypy epeMenu, a MOMcem ôbimb, u Haoöopom: ebmyMcden 6bui noùmu HCI

z.iocco.ianuKi (paKmoe, HCI cuHxpoHit3M pa3opeaHHbix eemMu coöbimuü, uMen u

146

npedanuù uMenno nomoMy, nmo cjibiiuaa ooepmomi epeMenu [III, 256]; cp. B CTaTbe "O

npHpoae cnoBa" B CBH3H C (})HrypoH AHHeHCKoro y x e npHBCHHBiueecfl: Boo

Mupoeyio no33wo AHHCHCKUù eocnpuHiiMCui KOK mon nyueü, ôpouieHHbiù 3nnadoù [I,

226]; o6pa3 Jiyna KaK KOMnpecHpoBaHHoro SKBHBajieHTa xyAO)KecTBeHHoro TeKCTa,

npeôbiBaiomero B npocTpaHCTBe KyjibTypHOH nepcneKTHBbi, B HecKOJibKO MHOM

ocjîopMJieHMH npHcyTCTByeT B aHajioniHHOM KOHTCKCTC B c r a n e "O co6ece,nHMKe",

r a e MaH^eJibUJTaM TaK onpe^ejmeT nosTM^ecKoe npoM3Be,neHHe: 3muM cmpoKcm,

Hinoôbi doümu no adpecy, mpeôyemcn acmpouoMunecKoe epeMn, KCIK nncmeme,

nepecbuiaiomeü ceoü ceem na dpyzyto [I, 188] 4. CooTBeTCTBeHHO, npH3HaK KOMnpec-

cnpoBaHHOCTH pacnpocTpaHaeTCH MaHZiejibuiTaMOM M Ha u c m o p u K> (B TOM

HHCJie M Ha HCTOpHK) KyJIbTypbl), B 3TOM OTHOUjeHHH "npeBOCXCHflLUyK)" COÔCTBeH-

Ho BpeMfl; CM. xopouio H3BecTHbiH n a c c a x H3 CTaTbM "O npHpcue CJiOBa",

HaHHHaiomewcfl c nocTaHOBKH Bonpoca o CHHHCTBC pyccKofl JiHTepaTypbi: H xony

nocmaeumb eonpoc - imeHHo: eduna nu pyccKcw numepamypa? B COMOM dene,

nenxemcR nu pyccxax numepamypa coepeMeHHax - moü Jtce COMOU, mno numepamypa

HeKpacoea, UyuiKuna, JJepwaeuHa unu CuMeona ITonouKozo? [I, 217], - H npo.nojDKa-

lomeHca paccy>mieHHflMM o BHyTpeHHeM ,HBH>KymeM Hanajie HCTOPHH: donatcno

öbimb, npeyeenunenue cuumamb mzKdbiù zod Hbineiuneù ucmopuu 3a eex, HO nenmo

epode zeoMempmecKoù npozpeccuu, npaewibHozo u 3aKOHOMepnozo ycKopenun,

3aMenaemcH e ôypnoù peanmauuu HaKonnennux u pacmyuçux nomem^uü ucmopuue-

CKOù cunbi, snepzuu. <...> Hmoôbi cnacmu npunuun eduncmea e euxpe nepeMen u

5e3ocmaH060HHOM nomoxe nenenuü, coepeMeHHax (punocotpux, e nuue Eepzcona, <...>

npednazaem HOM ynenue o cucmeMe nenenuü. <.. .> TOKUM o6pa30M, cex3aHHbie

MezKÖy coôoù nenenuH o6pa3yiom KüK 6M eeep, cmeopKu xomopozo MOMCHO pa3deu-

nymb eo epeMeHu, HO e mo Mee epeMH OH noddaemcn yMonocmuzaeMOMy ceepmbieanwo

[I, 217-218] (K Teriie "MaHflejibWTaM H BeprcoH" CM., HanpHMep: [Nethercott 1991],

[OsBp-Aionsrp 1991], [QrpyBe 1994: 181-183] H wp.).

O/moBpeMeHHO c STHM, cnoco6HOCTbK> K npe^enbHofi cyMMauHH, "co,nep>Ka-

TejibHOMy" eaMHCTBy oGjiajxaeT n p o c T p a H C T B O - C M . B MeTacj)opnHecKOM

nJiaHe B "ErHneTCKofi MapKe" o FlapHOKe: YeaMcenue K wibuHCKou xapme ocmanocb

e Kpoeu UapHOKa ew,e c öacnocnoeHbix nem, Kozda OH nonazan, nmo aK6OMapuH06bie u

oxpnHbie nonyiuapiiH <...> saKMonawm e ceôe czyiuennoe npocmpancmeo u

paccmomue [II, 467] 5; cp. HcnoJib3yiomee cxcumyio o6pa3HOCTb caMOomymeHne

aBTopa B "nyTeujecTBHH B ApMeHHK>": Koneu ynuuu, KCIK óydmo cMxmbiü öuhoxneM,

CöWICH e npuufypeHHbiu KOMOK, - u ece smo <...> 6bmo nanuxano e eepeeonnyw cemxy

[III. 200]. C BnenaTJieHHeM UapHOKa cp. omymeHHe HanajibHHKa (j)ec\nocHHCKoro

nopTa B "OeoaocHH". BBOzwmee B aaHHbiH KOHTCKCT "nojioTHHHo-TKanecKyio"

147

MeTac{)opHKy. aKTyanbHyio jxtin MeTaTeKCTyajibHofi nepcneKTHBbi MaHaejibUJTaMOB-

CKoro MHpa: Becb KpbiM npedcmaensuicn ejuy ocjienumenbHbun, my zo HCiKpaxMcuieH-

HbiM zeozpacpuuecKUM KumeneM. 3a üepexonoM HamiHOJiacb noub. TOM, 3a conoHHam-

Mu, yjfce He ôbiio HU xpaxMa^ia, HU npanex [II, 393], - c Hein conocTaBMMa

xapaKTepncTHKa KaïvieHHOOCTpoBCKoro npocneKTa B "ErHneTCKOH Mapne": Hu

enpaeo, HU eneeo ne nodaeaùcx: moM nenyxa, ôecmpaMeaùnan znyuib. <...> KoMenno-

ocmpoecKidi - 3mo nezKOMbicneHHbiü xpacaeeu, HCiKpaxManueuiuü ceou dee eduncmeen-

Hbie KaMeHHbie pyöaiuKu, u eemep c Mopn ceucmum e ezo mpoMeaÜHOü zonoee. 3mo

MOJiodoù u 6e3pa6omHbiù xjibiuf, necymuü nod MMUIKOù ceou dojua, KüK ôeàmiù lyezojib

c6oü eo3dyuiHbiü naxem om npanxu [II, 473], - HTO, oneBmmo, ^aeT HeKOTopbie

ocHOBaHHH paccMaTpHBaTb ero KaK CBoeo6pa3Hyio "MHKpoMOjejib" nerepöypra.

KpoMe 3Toro, cp. uHTupoBaBUJHHCfl onepK 1927 ro/ia ".HXOHTOB": ecmb eme odun

npeÖMem, c KomopbiM Hxonmoe HU 3a mno ne paccmanemcx, - smo npocmpancmeo,

<...> Komopoe OH Hocum c coôoù, cnoeno yeH3auHbiM e nocoeoü ruiamoK nopmnozo

JlempoeiiHa, umi ebimmaem ezo, KOK (pOKycHUK miuo U3 uwiundpa [II, 460], - r je

BecbMa xapaKTepHO noaBJieHne o6pa3a nopraoro, B03Bpamaiomee K "EraneTCKofi

MapKe". Oco6eHHO 3aMeTHO HaaejieHHeM CBOHCTBOM KOMnpeccHpoBaHHOCTH

o6pa3a z o p o à a, B xyaoKecTBeHHOM MHpe MaHaejibUiTaMa BbiCTynaioinero B

KanecTBe OJIHOH H3 rjiaBHbix npocTpaHCTBeHHbix KaTeropHH - CM. OHepK 1922 ro.ua

"LUyöa", rae npncyTCTByeT HaHÖOJiee HBHMH cjiynaö "yHH(})MKauMH" ropo^a:

XonemcH Mne Ha Kpewamux, na Ap6am, na IJpenucmeHKy. Xonemcn u e XapbKoe, na

CyMCKyto, u e Ilemepôypz Ha Eojibwoü npocnextn, na xaxyio-Huôydb Uodpe3oey

y.wuy. Bce zopoda pyccKue CMeuuutucb e Moeü naMMnu u cnuruiucb e odun ôoiibiuoù

neôbieajibiù zopod, c eenno cannbiM nymeM, zde KpeufamuK ebixodum na Apöam u

CyMCKOH Ha Eojibiuoü npocnexm [II, 246]. Cp. B oztHOBpeivieHHO nHcaBiuefica

3aMexKe "KpoBaBaa MHCTepna 9-ro HHBapa" o 1905 ro,ne: JJeenmoe xneapx -

nemepôypzcxcm mpazedun; <ona> Mozna Mozna paseepnymbcx mojibKo e Ylemepôypze

<...>. UeHmpocmpeMumenbHan rnnza 3inozo öHR, npaewibHoe deuotcenue no paduycaM,

om OKpauHbi K uewnpy, maK cxa3amb, een dunaMuxa deenmozo nneapn ooycnoejiena

apxumeKmypHO-ucmopunecKUM cMbicnoM IJemepöypza. - ApxumeKmypnaH uden

flemepöypza neu30eMCHO npueodum K npedcmaeneHuw MOIUHOZO ueHmpanbHOZO

eduHcmea. BceMu ceoiiMii yjiuucwu <...> Ilemepôypz ecmecmeenno menern e MOU{Hbiù

zpamimHbiù eodoeM JJeopi{oeoù wioiuadu, K xpacHoü nodxoee 3danuù [II, 241-242]; CM.

TaM me o 1917 ro;ie: eecb Ilemepôypz, zpx3Hbiü, ztcenmbiü, Kupnunmiü, c ôOMUMU-

aufUKOMU, c JimyzoMu, (paopuxaMu u nyamipxMu <...> cnoea co ecex cmopon nomen

nepe3 deenadnamb nem K JJeopipeoü n.ioiuadu [II. 242-243]: cp. nepeBoa TeMbi B

co6cTBeHHO HCTopH4ecKyio nJiocKOCTb, coxpaHHiomHH npn3HaK KOMnpeccnn:

148

MoMcem, eo eceù nemonucu pyccKoù peeonioifuu ne óbuio dpyzozo mciKozo öHH, ctnojib

HacbiufeHHOzo codepMcanueM, KCIK 9-oe HH6cipn [II, 241]; HaKOHeu, B CBA3H C

BKJiiOHeHMeM B "KOMnpeccnpoBaHHyio" nepcneKTHBy o6pa3a ceMbH cp. " ü a p n x "

1923 r o # a (cBoefi iicTopuKO-peBOjnouHOHHOH TCMOH COOTHOCAIHHHCJI C "KpoBaBoR

MHCTepneB 9-ro HHBapa"), r^e IlapM^K HMeHyeTca "npaoaÖKofi r o p c n o ß " (meuem

paccKci3 noÖKoe IJo 3eyuHbiM MocmoebiM npaöaÖKu zopodoe [II, 47]), TO ecTb

ocMbicjiüeTca B KanecTBe CBoeo6pa3Horo "npej tropo^a".

K aHajiorHHHbiM npe^CTaBneHHaM, Bepoarao, BOCXO^HT H "ypoaHHCTnnec-

KHH" nacca>K äCBATOH rJiaBbi "Pa3roBopa o /JaHTe": ropodomoóue, zopodocmpac-

tnue, zopodoHenaeucmHUHecmeo - eom Mcimepux inferno. <...> Jfjin U3ZHCIHHUKCI ceoù

ediiHcmeeHHbiü, 3tmpeu{eHHbiù u 6e3eo3epamHO ympanenubiù zopod pci3eenH ecwdy - OH

UM OKpyMcen. Mne xonemcn cKci3amb, nmo inferno oxpyoKen <PnopeHuueü [III, 250].

ECJIH aaHHbiH cj)parMeHT OTHCTJIHBO BbipawaeT H^eio "pacTBopeHHOcra" r o p o j a B

VHHBepcyMe, TO ero npoüOJDKeHiie KOCBCHHO CBHneTejibCTByeT 06 oôparaMOcra

TaKoro cocTOHHHH, o B03MOXHOCTH "KOHueHTpaunH" B ropo,ae KOCMOCa; CM.:

MmcuibRHCKue zopoda y /Janma - TIu3a, &jiopeHi(ux, JlyKKCi, Bepona - smu uwibie

zpaztcdciHCKue nnauembi - eumxHymbi e nydoeuiu-Hbie Konbifci, pacmnnymbi e noxca,

603epaiueHbi e myMcinnoe, zci30o6pa3Hoe cocmoanue [III, 250]; 0 6 e 3TH (j)opMbi

peajiH30BaHbi H B no33HH: cp., c O^HOH CTopoHbi: He zopod PUM Mcueem cpedu

eeKoe, A Mecmo Henoeexa eo eceneHuoü [I, 102], - H, e zipyroH CTopoHbi: IJpupoda -

mom Mee PUM U ompci3wiacb e neM. Mu euduM o6pci3bi ezo zpciMcdciHCKOü MOIUU B

npo3pciHHOM eo3dyxe, KCIK e ifupxe zonyôoM, Ha cpopyMe noneù u e Kononnade pou(u [I.

102], - H: H eucnm zopodaMU yxpadeHHbiMU <...> PacmnoKUMbix co3ee3Öuü mampbi,

3onombie co3ee3duü DKupu [III. 124] 6. Cxo^Hoe c COCTOHHHCM ceMaHTHiecKOH

KOMnpeccHH 3HaneHHe BMemaeT B ce6a M ynoaoöneHHe MocKBbi Jiapio B "1 aHBapa

1924"; CM.: Cnum MocKea, KCIK depeenumiù napb [II, 51], - "noaKpenjDnoiueeca"

npoHcxoaameH B npouecce ,HBH>KeHMfl repoa CTMXOTBopeHHfl cyMMauHeß Bcero

ropo^cKoro npocTpaHCTBa: /7o nepeynoHKCiM, cKeopeuwxM u 3CicmpexoM <...>.

MejibKciem ynuua, dpyzan [II, 51]; e Heft, B CBOTO oMepe^b, conocTaBHM MOTHB

o6ie3,na MocKBbi, npHcyTCTByiomHH B CTMXOTBopeHHax 1931 ro.ua "HeT, He

cnpflTaTbCfl MHe OT BejiHKOH Mypbi...": Y KOZO nod nepnamKoü ne xeamum meruia,

Imoö o6he3dumb ecw Kvpey MocKey [III, 48], - H "Cerojma MOXHO CHHTb aeKajibKO-

MaHH...": H (Paycma 6ec <...> nodöueaem <...> HU mpoMeae ox.necmnymb MOCKGY

[III. 60]; MOTHB KpyroBoro, "uenocTHoro" jipviAcetmn no MocKBe cojiepacHTCfl H B

"HeTBepTOH npo3e": H e OöHOM nudxccmKe e mpuduamuzpadycHbiü Mopo3 mpu pcna

oóezv no óyjibeapHbw KOMUCIM MocKebi [III, 177]. Cp. MHoroHHCJieHHbie MeTac[)opH-

•-iecKHe cjiynan i r ina: PeKCi MocKea e nembipexmpyÔHOM dbwie H neped HCIMU eecb

149

pacKpbimbiù zopod: KyncuibUfUKusaeodbi u cadbi 3cwocKeopeuKue. He max nu,

OnmuHye ncuiucatidpoeyio Kpuuiny OzpoMHozo Konuepmnozo powm, MM npoHUKaeM e

3eyHHoe Hympo? <.. .> Posmb Mocxeu cjibixcuiu? [III, 59-60]; cp. B .HCTCKOM CTHXOTBO-

peHMH 1926 r o a a "Poanb": Mu cezodmi yeudanu ropodoK euympu ponnn. Hejibiü

zopod KocnwHoü [II, 69]; CM. TaioKe: B IJemepôypze otcumb - cjioeno cnamb e zpoöy

[III, 44]; M nepey.iKoe namiuux nyjiKU, M ynuu nepeKoiueHHbix nynciHbi [III, 119] H

non,.; ocoöeHHO cjiejiyeT OTMeraTb CHTyauHH rana: KCIK no yjiuucw Kueea-Bux [III,

135] H noA-, - nocKOJibKy aoBOJibHO nacTbie y MaHflenbuiTaMa npHMepbi aHTpono-

Mop4>H3auHH r o p o j a HJIH ero BHyTpeHHero npocTpaHCTBa (CM.: [ U I H H ä H H 1991:

496, 500]) BBMjiy "npeanonaraeMoro" B TaKOM cnynae npocTpaHCTBeHHoro

ynjiOTHeHHH MoryrpaccMaTpHBaTbca KaK MeTacJ)opHHecKaji (|)opMa KOMnpeccMM.

CnocoÔHOCTb npocTpaHCTBa, BpeMeHH H KyjibTypbi K npe6biBaHHK> B

KOMnpeCCHpOBaHHOM COCTOflHHH MO>KeT HOCHTb OÖpaTHMblH nO OTHOUieHHK) K

KZLMjiovi H3 3TMX KaTeropnn xapaKTep, Koraa o.zma H3 HHX - npaMO HJIH onocpcno-

BaHHO - BbicTynaeT B (j)yHKHHH CBoeo6pa3Horo BMecramuja a p y r o ö . Hanöojiee

OTHeTJiHBO no^oÖHaa MO^ejib npeACTaBJieHa B /ICCHTOM H3 "BOCBMHCTHUJHH", rne

yHHBepcyM 0Ka3brBaeTca "3aKJTK>iieH" BO BpeMeHH, npHTOM HTO nocjicrwee Ha^ejue-

TCH npH3HaKOM "MajiocTH" (B paBHOH CTeneHH MorymHM HBJiflTbCfl H cnaunajibHOH,

H XpOHOJIOrHHeCKOH, B03paCTHOH CUHHHHefi), a npOCTpaHCTBO COOTHOCHTCa c

aHTponoMop(j)HbiM, nHHHOCTHbiM HanajiOM: PeöeuoK Momanbe xpamim, Eojibiuax

eceneuHciH e jvojibKe y MoneubKoü sennocmu cnum [III, 79] 7. KoMnpeccnpoBaHHOCTb

npocTpaHCTBa MOKCT ocymecTBJWTbca nocpcucTBOM npeöbmaHHH B n 3 bi K e, B

CBOK) onepcnb, "3aKjnoHeHHOM" B 3 e y K e - nax, HanpnMep, B craxoTBopeHHH 1935

r o a a "HayiuHHHKH, HayiiiHHKH MOH.. ." : H eu, uacoe KpeMJieecKue 6ou, - fl3bix

npocmpciHcmea, cotcamozo do mouKu [III, 90], ITpn 3TOM H caM 3ByK npeapacnoj io-

>KeH K "yMeHbiueHHK)" - CM. B "K HeMeuKOH penn": 3ey<K cy3iuicn [III, 70]; cp.

npncyTCTByiomee B craxoTBopeHHH HHBapa 1937 rojia ",n,po>K>KH MHpa .aoporHe..."

MeTac|)opHHecKoe yxa3aHHe Ha cnocoÖHOCTb 3ByKa o6ecneqHBaTb yBemiHeHHe,

pajpacTaHHe npocTpaHCTBa: /Jpojtcjtcu Mupa dopozue: 3eyKit, cne3U u mpydu [III,

109], - npHTOM HTo, BO-nepBbix, CHTyauHH ero p o c r a coAep>KHTca B CTHXOTBOPCHHH

"AeHb CTOAJI o n a r a rojiOBax. CnnoiiiHbie n»Tb cyTOK..." Toro x e 1935 rozia (CM.: H

<...> zopdun.cn npocmpaucmeoM 3a mo, umo poc.io Hü dpozKMcax [III, 92]) H, BO-

BTopbix, B O^HOH H3 HanajibHbix peaaKUHH nepBoro TeKCTa BCTpenaeTca MeTa^opu-

necKHH o6pa3 cvMMHpoBaHHoro npocTpaHCTBa; CM.: UodKonbimHbie nanepcniKu,

[Eeza cDKcimozo c.iedu] Heöa cunezo cnedbi [III, 415]. 3aecb >Ke HCO6XO,HHMO

YHHTbiBaTb. HTO HMnTHHupoBaHHbifi B rpynne BapnaHTOB " / JpoovH MHpa

j ioporne. . ." H "Bjie3 öeceHOK B MOKPOH ujepcTKe..." o6pa3 K o n bi in npncyTCTByeT

150

H B xapaKTepHOM jvm MaHaejibiuTaMOBCKoro MHpa MOTHBC KOHHOH noe3AKH,

flOBOJibHO flBHO cooTHOcameMca c TeinaMH pe4H M ncoranecKoro TBopnecTBa - KaK,

HanpnMep, B "HaiHCzuuHH no^KOBy" 1923 ro.ua; CM. TaK)Ke B nepHOBOM BapnaHTe

"06opoHHex COM MOW AOHCKyio coHb..." Haïajia cJ)eBpaji>i 1937 ro.ua: Yloduoeoù pent

3eeHum [III, 347], B 0K0H4aTejibH0H peAaKunn KOToporo noHBJiHeTca B03Bpamaio-

lUMH K "HayuiHHHKH, HayiiJHHKH MOM..." o6pa3 6oa KpeMJieBCKHX nacoB: M

cnyiuaem 3eMJix - dpyzue cmpami - 6où, <...> Mxop noem c HCICCIMUpyna oôpyKy [III,

115]; 3,aecb ace cp. B apyroM "nojiHTHHecKOM" craxoTBopeHHM 1937 r o ^ a - " M H C

Ka>KeTCH, Mbi roBopHTb aoJDKHbi...": cnoeo - Bo3dyiuHo-OKeciHCKCifi nodKoea [III, 91],

HaKOHeu, M caM H e .i o e e K cnoco6eH BMemaTb B ce6a npocTpaHCTBeHHO-BpeMeH-

HOH KOHTHHvyM - CM. "3ojioTHCToro Me^a CTpya H3 ôyTbiJBKH TeKJia...": Oducceù

eosepamiuicH, npocmpcmcmeoM u epeMeneM nonubiù [I, 128]; cp.: H Kozda H Hcinonmui-

CH MopeM - MopoM cmajia Mne Mepa MOH [III, 135]; O, smom Mednennbiü, omduumu-

ebiù npocmop! - H UM npecbiiqen do omKü3a [III, 111]; 3^ecb we CM. xapajKTepncraKy

AH^pea Bejioro: Coôupamejib npocmpancmea [III, 82]; HaKOHeu, cp. B MHOM nuaHe:

R xony, nmoöMbicnniuee meno IJpeepamwiocb e yiiuuy, cmpcmy [III, 89] 8 .

B CBH3H C KOMnpeCCHpOBaHHblMH MOfleJIflMH .HOJDKHO 6bITb ynOMHHyTO TaKoe

HBJieHMe MaHaejibuiTaMOBCKoro MHpa, KaK "c 6 o p H a a H H T a T a"; CM.

cBHjeTejibCTBO H.5I.MaHÄenbiuTaM: "CöopHaa UHTaTa" - BbipaweHne AHApea

Bejioro: Ka>Kaoro aBTopa, roBopmi BejibiH, OH npe#CTaBJweT ce6e He B BH,ne

pa3p03HeHHbIX H TOHHMX HHTaT, a B BHJte HeKOH o6o6meHHOH "cÖOpHOH UHTaTbl",

npeACTaBJWMuxeH KaK 6bi KBHHT3cceHUHK> ero MbicjieK H CJIOB" [MaHjiejibuuTaM

1989: 60]. K 3-TOMy o6pa3y caM MaH^eJibuJTaM o6pamaeTca B ^CBHTOH rJiaBe

"Pa3roBopa o /^aHTe": He npaeda RU, cmpanno: nejioeeK, Komopuu coôpancn

zoßopumb, eoopyoKaemcH myzo HamHHymbw nyKOM, denaem npunac ôopodamux

cmpen, npuzomoeimem 3epKana u ebinymue ueneeunnue cmeKna u w,ypumcx net

3ee3dbi, KaK nopmnou, edeecuoiuuù HumKy e uzojibhtoe yuiKO... - 3ma coopnciH uumama,

cönuDKCuomax pci3Hbie Mecma "KoMeduu ", npudyMana MHOIO dnn Hauexufeù xapaKine-

pucmuKu peienodzomoejinwu{ux xodoe danmoecKoü no33uu [III, 252]. BaxHeHHiefi

oco6eHHOcTbK) aaHHoro cJ>parMeHTa BbicTynaeT ero oTHeTJiHBbifl MeTaTeKCTyanb-

HbiH opeoji, CMbicjiOBaa #ByacneKTHOCTb, npoaBJiaioiuaaca B BO3MO>KHOCTH

"o6paTHOH", BHyTpeHHefi npoeKUHH UHTaTbi Ha xy,no>KecTBeHHbiH Mnp caMoro

MaH^eJibiHTaMa; TaKHM o6pa30M, ceMaHranecKaa KOMnpeccna OKa3biBaeTca

TpaHcnoHHpoBaHa c BHyipeHHero, TeKcryajibHoro ypoBHH Ha BHCUJHHH. npeziCTaB-

neHHbiH BceM MaHaejibiiiTaMOBCKHM TBopnecTBOM. TaK, npunac ôopodatmix cmpen

[III, 252]. MO*eT paccMaTpHBaTbCfl B TOM ceMaHTHnecKOM KOHTCKCTC, KOTopbiH B

no3THKe MaHjienbiiJTaMa OKpyvKaeT o6pa3 c m p e n bi, ycTOHHHBO cooTHOcauxHHca

151

c MeTaTeKCTyajibHOH CHMBOTHKOH, - Kan, HanpnMep, B "nporpaMMHOM" CTHXOTBO-

peHHM 1912 rojia "51 HeHaBH>Ky CBCT...": Eydem u MOü neped - Hyio pci3Mcix Kpbuia.

TCIK - HO xyda yüdem Mbiaiu Mcueoü cinpena? [I, 71]; CM. B a p y r a x MaHüejiburraMOB-

CKMX "MaHM(J3ecTax" - "51 He yBHvKy 3HaMeHHTOH "Oeapbi". . ." 1915 ro^a : H He

ycjibiiuy, oôpaufeHHbiù K pciMne, JJeouHow pucpMoù onepenHbiù cmux [I, 117], - H

'TpHcj)ejibHOH OAe" 1923 r o j a : Mennio uiyM HCI nenbe cmpe/i [II, 47]; cp. "3a TO, HTO a

pyKH TBOH He cyMeji yaep>KaTb...": H nadaiom cmpemi cyxuM depeennnbiM doxcdeM,

M cmpejibi dpyzuepacmym Ha leMjie, KQK opeumuK [I, 150] H noa . 9 K o6pa3y CTpejibi

MaH^ejibUiTaM B03BpamaeT«i B neTBepTOH m a ß e "Pa3roBopa o /],aHTe" B

Henocpe^cTBeHHOH CBH3H C Heo^HOKpaTHO ynoMHHaeMOH B TeKCTe TCMOH

oôpaTHMOCTH no3THHecKOH MaTepnn: He doeojibcmeyncb 3inoù eoucmuny uydecnou

deMOHcmpaifiteü oôpamuMocmu no3munecKoù MCimepuu, ocmaexxioufeù da/ieKO no3odu

ece accoifuamuenbie xodbi noeeùiueù eeponeücKoü no33uu, JJanm, KüK 6bi e nacMeiuKy

Had HedozadnuebiM numamejieM, <...> cnycKaem HO 3eMJUO repuona u ôJIUZOCKJIOHHO

CHapxjicaem ezo e Hoeoe cmpaHcmeue, KüK ôopodKy cmpexibi, cnymennoù c memmu

[III. 233], - HTO npejiejibHO paciimpaeT paccMaTpHBaeMbifi CMbicnoBOH KOHTCKCT

nOCpeaCTBOM BKJIIOHeHHfl B HejTO BCex Tex KOHHOTaUHH, KOTOpbIMH OCJIO>KHeH

aaHHbiH (J)parMeHTB rpaHHuax xyjo>KecTBeHHoro MHpa MaHziejibLUTaMa lu. B TO >Ke

BpeMa, c o6pa30M CTpenbi MOXCT 6biTb conocTaBJieH H perynapHO BcrpenaioiuHHCfl

B MaHZieJIbLUTaMOBCKOM MHpe 06pa3 U C Jl bl, npOBOOTUJHH CBOeo6pa3HVK) "nopTH»-

>KHO-TKa4ecKyio" MeTac})opHKy H KoppejinpyiomHH c uHrapoBaBiUHMca: nejioeeK,

Komopbiù coôpajicR zoeopwm, <...> luypumcx Ha 3ee3dbi, KüK nopmnoù, edeea/oiuuù

HumKy e uzojibHoe yiuKO... [III, 252], - CM. B y>Ke ynoMHHaBiueMca CTHXOTBopeHHH "51

HeHaBH'AV CBeT...": KpyMceeoM, KOMeHb, ôydb M naymuHoù cmam, Heôa nycmyjo

zpydb TOHKOù UZJIOW paHb [I, 71], - MTO nepemiMKaeTCfl c H3BecTHbiM cJ)parMeHTOM

"YTpa aKMeH3Ma", r^e (jjHrypnpyeT o6pa3 "xopouiefl CTpejibi roTHiecKOH

KOJiOKOJibHH"; K o6pa3y HrJibi CM. TaioKe B ^pyroM "MaHHc|)ecTe" MaHziejibuiTaMa:

Hmo, eau, Had MOôHOù naßKoio Mepifaioufax ecezda, MHe e cepdife dnuHHOù

öynaexow Onycmumcn edpyz 3ee3da [I. 239]. OcoSeHHO HHTepecHO B ;iaHHOM cjiynae

TO OÔCTOHTejIbCTBO. HTO B KOHTeKCTe MaHüeJIbllITaMOBCKOrO MHpa "nonoTHHHaa"

o6pa3HOCTb npaMO KoppennpyeT c KaTeropHen npocTpaHCTBa. B TOM HHCJie H C

HaxozwmuMca B "KOMnpeccnpoBaHHOM" COCTOHHHH, - CM. y>Ke UHrapoBaBiueecfl: M,

noKunye Kopaôiib, Hampydueuiuù e Mopnx no/iomno, Oducceù eo3epamwiCH,

npocmpancmeoM u epeMeHeM nojiHbiü [I, 128]; cp. B HecKOJibKO HHWX njiaHax: M

öe3dbixaHHan, KüK no.ionmo, JJyuia eueum Had 6e3dno)o npoK.axmoü [I. 75]. - H:

Pci3op6a6paccmoxHiiù xoncmimy [III. 118] " .

152

B aBTOMeTaoriHcaTejibHbiH KOHTCKCT BKJnonaiOTCH H npHcyTCTByioiune B

cöopHOH "uHTaTe" H3 /I,aHTe o6pa3bi 3 e p K a M a H yBejiMHHTenbHoro c m e K .1 a;

CM.: nesioeex, Komopbiù coôpcmcn zoeopumb, <...> npiizomoennem 3epKcuia u ebinyKJibie

HeneeuHHbie cmexjia [III, 252], - "noAKpenJueMbie" co^ep^ameflcH B naToft rnaBe

"Pa3roBopa o J\&me" xapaKTepHCTHKOH pemi OAMCCCH: Oducceea penb, ebinyKJian,

KCIK ueneeuifa 3aoKuzameiibHozo cmeKJia [III, 238], - H "CTaHcaMn" 1935 roaa" : Mon

cmpaua co MHOK> zoeopwia, <...> 3ciMemiuia u edpyz, KCIK neueeutfa, AdMupcuimeùcKUM

nynuKOM 3ciMczjia [III, 95]. Kan aBTonpoeKUHio STHX o6pa30B, BepoHTHO, MO>KHO

HHTepnpeTHpoBaTb cjieayioiUHH cjîparMeHT, BCTpenaioiuMHca B HepHOBbix Haôpoc-

Kax K 'TlyTeujecTBHK) B ApineHHio": zjici3 MOü <.. .> ynae/iuean e nymeutecmeuu nuuib

ceemoHOcnyio dpoMCb [cjiynaÙHOcmeù], pacmumenbHbiù opHciMeum [ deùcmeumejibHO-

cmu, ciHeKdommecKuù y3op]. <.. .> Heystcenu H nodoôen copeanify, Komopuù eepmum

e pyKcix KcipMciHHoe 3epKCiJibije u naeodum ecwdy, Kyda ne cnedyem, conneuHbix

3aÙHUKoe? [III, 378]; noMHMO Toro, HTO aaHHoe onHcamie BBO^MT Hpe3BbinaHHO

Ba>KHyio mw TBopnecTBa MaHaenbUJTaMa Teiviy 3 p e H u H, e 3 z JI H d a 12, OHO

conocTaBHMO c "KaHUOHofi" 1931 r o j a , r a e TeMa xyao>KecTBeHHoro 3peHHfl

peajiH30BaHa o6pa30M ôHHOKJIH: TO 3eeec nodxpynueaem c HIOJIKOM <.. .> 3ciMena-

mejibhbie jiyKoeui^bi-cmeKJia <...>. H JUOôJIIO eoeuHbie ôUHOKILU C pocmoeufimecKOio

cwioü 3penbH [III, 51-52]; npn 3TOM cue^yeT yHHTbiBaTb TO MecTo, KOTopoe

3aHHMaeT B ManmeJIbWTaMOBCKOM XapaKTepHCTHKe ÄaHTOBCKOH nOSTMKH MOTHB

pocTOBOjHHecTBa, B03HHKaK>iuHH B CB33H c ceMHaauaTOH necHeM "A^a". 0 6 p a 3

VBejiHHHTejibHoro CTeKJia npiicyTCTByeT B oKOHiaTejibHOH pe#aKUHH "IiyTecTBHfl B

ApMeHHK)" B rnaBe "BoKpyr HaTypaJiHCTOB"; CM.: JIciMapx ebiruiaKcw zncaa e Jiyny

[III, 202], - HTO BBOJMT B paCCMaTpHBaeMblH KOHTCKCT eCTeCTBeHHOHayHHyK)

npo6jieMaTHKy, 3Ha4HTenbHO pacuiMpaiomyio CMbicjiOBoe npoerpaHCTBO TeMbi '3.

TaK, MOTHB 3peHMfl, penpe3eHTHpyeMbin o6pa3aMH 6HHOKJIH H Jiynw, noHBJiaeTca B

HepHOBHxax 3aMeTKH "JiMTepaTypHbiM CTHJIB /JapBHHa": TJICI3 namypajiucma

oô.iadaem, KCIK y xuufHoii nmuifbi, cnocoÔHOcmbw K ciKKOModaifuu. To OH

npeepamaemcH e dcuibHoooÙHbiù eoeHHbiù ôuHOKJib, mo e neneeunnyio nyny meenupa

[III, 395]; npHHeM HMCHHO B CBJBH C ecTecTBeHHOHayHHOH Teopnen /I,apBHHa

B03HHxaeT eine O J H H cjiyHafi "ceMaHranecKOK" KOMnpeccnH - CM.: JJapeun

<...> cosdaem HcicmoMuue zemepozeHHbie pndbi, mo ecmb zpynnupyem Hecxujtcee,

KOHmpacmupymmee, pci3JiuHHo OKpameHHoe. OH npomnzueaem Koopàunambi om

npuMepa K npimepy - e laupuny, e znyouny, e ebicomy [III, 215]. B 3Ty ace nepcneKra-

By BKJiioHaeTCH c|)HHa.Jï rnaBbi "MocKBa" "FlyTeuiecTBUfl B ApMeHHio", co/iep>KaujiHM

MeTacj)opMiiecKoe onHcamie pocTa Jiwcra HacTvpuHH: 3cmamoHHbiü nucm nacmypijuu

iiMeem cpopMy cuieöapdbi imu deyxcimopvamoü ydnuneHHOÜ C}>MOHKU, nepexodxmeü e

153

H3UH0K. OH noxozK matcoKe na xpeMHueeyto cmpeny U3 najieonuma. Ho ciuioeoe

HcimnzKeHue, ôywytoiifee eoxpyz jiucma, npeo6pci3yem ezo cHcmana e qbuzypy o nnmu

cezMewnax. JIUHUU neiifepnozo Haxonennuxa no/iynafom dyzoeyio pacmnotcxy. <...> B

dajibheùiueM cwioeoe none pe3K0 Mennem ceow uzpy u zonum (popMy x

zeoMempunecKOMy npedeny, x MHOzoyzosibnuxy. - Pacmenue - smo 3eyK, u3e.ieneHHbiü

ncuiOHKOü mepMemoKca, eoptcyioufuü e nepenacbiufennoù eojiHoebiMu npoifeccciMu

ccpepe. OHO - noc.iaHHux Dtcueou zpo3bi, nepManenmHo ôyuiyfoiueù e Mupo3damtu, - e

oduHciKoeoü cmenenu cpodnu u XCIMHW, U MOJIHUU! Pacmenue e Mupe - 3ino coöbimue,

npoucwecmeue, cmpena, a ne cxyuHoe ôopodamoe pa36umue! [Ill, 193-194].

Co^ep>KamHHca B STOM naccawe Haôop o6pa30B pacuinpaeT CMbicjiOBbie

paMKH paccMaTpHBaeMoro (JiparMeHTa MaHaejibWTaMOBCKoro MHpa, Tax Kan opra-

HHHHO no^KjnoMaeTK Heiviy pnx HOBMX 3JieMeHTOB: ynoaoÖJieHHe o6pa3a p a c m e-

HUH o6pa3v crpejiBi. CTaHOBjnueMvca OCHOBOH pa3BepHyTOH MeTacJ>opbi. corjiacve-

TCfl c coeztHHeHHeM o6pa30B rpo3bi, MOJIHHH H KZLMHX, nocKOJibKy B rpamiuax Bcero

MaHAejibuiTaMOBCKoro MHpa Kaacubin H3 HHX OKa3biBaeTca CBH3aH c Hjieen

ceiviaHTHHecKOM KOMnpeccHn; 3jecb >Ke cp. MOMCHT OTpnuaHHfl npouecca pa3BMTHH

B coöcTBeHHO xyÄO>KecTBeHHyK) c(J)epy, coüep»camHHCH B "Pa3roBope o .HaHTe":

Pa36umue o6pa3ci mojibKO ycnoeno Mootcem 6umb Hcneano pci3eumueM [III, 233] l4.

Tan, o6pa3 z p o 3 bi BCTpenaeTca B 3anHCH aecaTbix ro^OB, rjxe OH flBJiaeTca

MeTacj)opH4ecKHM Bbipa>KeHHeM HCTOpHHecKoro coôbiTHJi, ocMbicjiaeMoro B KanecT-

Be KOMnpeccnpoBaHHOH c})opMbi BpeMeHH H HCTopHH: IJpoo6pa30M ucmopimecxozo

coöbimun e npupode cnyoKum zpo3a. IJpoo6pa30M xce omcymcmeun coöbimun MOOKHO

CHumamb deuoKenue nacoeoü cmpenxu no uucpepönamy. <.. .> Upozpecc - 3>no

deuMcemie nacoeoü cmpenKu, u npu eceü ceoeü ôeccodepMcamejibnocmu smo oöufee

Mecmo npedcmaennem ozpoMnym onacHoam dsin caMozo cyu^ecmeoeanuR ucmopuu [I,

276]; CHMnTOMaTHHHbiM npeacTaBJiaeTca BKjnoneHHe B ^aHHbifi KOHTCKCT o6pa3a

4acoBOH CTpejiKH, KOHTpacTHpyiomero c o6pa30M CTpejibi l5. 3 T O T cJ3parMeHT

MaH^ejibUJTaMOBCKOH 3anHCH B03BpamaeT H K OHepKy " ü X O H T O B " , noBTopaiomeiviy

KOMÖHHauHio o6pa30B coöbiTHa H rpo3bi: Hzpa Hxonmoea <...> een nponuKHyma

mpeeozoù u OMudanueM xamacmpocpbi, npeduyecmeueM coöbimun u zpo3bi [II, 460], -

H, HTO ocoôeHHO Ba>KHO, K "Pa3roBopy o flaHTe", co,nep>KameMy MeTacj)opHHecKoe

HMeHOBaHHfl J\&me "rpo30H", KOTopoe BCTpeHaeTca B npe^ejibHO "KOMnpeccnpo-

BaHHOM" OKpy>KeHHH: eeufb eosnuxaem KCIK uenoxynnocmb e pe3yjibmame edunozo

diKpajepenuupyxnuezo nopuea <...>. Eau öbi <pu3ux, pa3JiooKueuiuü amoMHoe ndpo,

3axome.i ezo eHoeb coôpamb, on 6bi ynodoôusicn cmoponnuxaM onucamejibnoü u pa3i>-

RCHume.ibHoù no33iiu. d.in xomopoü JJanm HO eexu ee^Hbie nyma u zpo3a [III, 221] '6. B

>i3BecTHOM cMbicjie OKa3biBaK>TCH H30Mopc])Hbi .npyr üpyry o6pa3bi CTpejibi H M O JI-

154

H u u, TaK KaK nocneaHHH, BO-nepBbix, HeceT B ce6e yHHBepcajibHoe o6meMH(J>OJio-

rHHecKoe 3HaneHHe CTpeji 6o ra H, BO-BTopwx, MOweT paccMaTpHBaTbca KaK CBoe-

o6pa3Haa "KOMnpecceMa" rpo3bi. HaKOHeu, c o6pa30M Mcueoù zpo3bi, nepMciHeHmno

ôyuiyioiueù e Mupo3danuu [III, 194] cp. cneayiomyK) xapaKTepncTMKy o6pa3a K a M-

H H: KaMeub - uMnpeccuoHucmcKuù dneenuK nozodbi, HciKoruieHHbiü MUIUIUOHüMU JIUXO-

jiemuù; HO OH ne mo.ibKo npouuioe, OH U ôydyujee: e neM ecmb nepuoduuuocmb [III,

256], Oco6eHHO Ba*eH TOT cj)aKT, MTO aaHHbifi cjjparMeHT co^epxHTca B OJWHH&A-

uaTOH m a ß e "Pa3roBopa o /^aHTe", OTKpbiBaroiueHCfl "MHHepajiorHHecKHMM" pac-

cy>KaeHHHMH, B03BpamaiomHMH K KpHCTajuiorpacj)H4ecKOH xapaKTepncTHKe "Bowe-

CTBeHHOH KoMejiHH", - npH TOM, 4T0 ocMbicjieHHe o6pa3a KaMHH npOMCXO^MT H B

coôcTBeHHO cnauwajibHbix o6pa3ax, HMnjiHUHpyiomMX KanecTBO KOMnpeccnpoBaH-

HOCTH: KciMenb He mno unoe, KCIK CCIMCI nozoda, ebiKJUoneHHCin m arriMoc<pepimecKOZo u

ynpumaHHüH e (pyHKijuoHcuibHoe npocmpancmeo [III, 256]; B STOM ceMaHTHnecKOM

oKpy>KeHHH Henb3a He ynHTbiBaTb H Bcero Toro cneKTpa coôcTBeHHO nosranecKHx,

xy,ao>KecTBeHHbix 3HaneHHH, KOTopoe B03HHKaeT y o6pa3a KaMHa B MaHaejibiiiTa-

MOBCKOM MHpe.

B TO >Ke BpeMa, cj)HHaji rnaBbi "MocKBa" BbiBoaHT Ha cMbicjiOByw

noBepxHOCTb pan cojiep>KaTejibHbix KOMnoHeHTOB, COOTHOCHIUHXCA C

MeTaTeKCTyajibHOH npoöjreMaraKoß; B nepByio OMepe^b 3TO KacaeTCH o6pa3a d y-

z o e o ù pacmnowKu, onwcaHiie BO3HHKHOBCHHH KOTopoH conpoBO>KnaeTCfl

noHBJieHHeM npH3HaKa BbinyKJiocTH, MTO B03BpamaeT K MOTMBy pe4w: Bo3bMume

Jimóyjo moHKy u coedunume ee nyuKOM Koopdunam c npHMOÜ. 3ameM npodonoKbme

3tnu KoopduHambi, nepeceKciioiuue npmtyto nod pci3HbiMu yznciMu, na ompe30K

oduHüKoeoü dnuHU, coedunume ux MeoKÖy coöoü, u nojiynaeme ebinymiocmb [III, 194];

Bpaa JiH cjiynaeH 3aecb H o6pa3 n y H K a, accouMHpyioiiuiHCfl c MaH^ejibiuTaMOB-

CKHM onpcneJieHHeM cnoBa, KOTopoe Hennemcx nyuKOM, u CMbicn mopmim U3 nezo e

pa3Hbie cmopoHbi [III, 226]. Kpoiue Toro, o6pa3 ayroBOH pacTa>KKH, HMnJiHUiipyio-

1HHH HJieK) npeÔbIBaHHH B OKaTOM, KOMnpeCCHpOBaHHOM COCTOHHMH, BCTpeHaeTCfl

BO BTOpOM H3 "BoCbMMCTHIlJHH", IO.S OH COnOJiaraeTCfl C 06pa30M TKaHH,

BCTpaHBaacb, Te\i caMbiM, H B "TKauKyio" nepcnexTiiBy: Jlmônio nonenenue DIKCIHU,

Kozda nocne deyx imu mpex, A mo neimipex sadbixanuü Ylpudem 6binpxMumejibHbiù

63ÔOX. <...> M edpyz dyzoeanpacmnzKKa 3eynum e öopMomciHbnx MOUX [III, 76-77];

npM4eivi B 6JIH3K0M 3TOMy TeKCTy nepBOM BOCbMHCTHUJHH npHcyTCTByeT o6pa3

npocTpaHCTBa, HaxoAHiueroca B "CBOöOäHOM", HeorpaHHneHHOM COCTOHHHH:

Mzpaem npocmpcmcmeo cnpoconoK - He 3HCiewee nmnbKu duma [III, 76]; oßHOBpe-

MeHHO /iaHHbiH cjjparMeHT BeaeT K y)Ke HHTHpoBaBuieMyca ^ecaTOMy BOCbMHCTM-

UJHK): PeoeHOK Moimame xpanum, Bo.ibiuciR ece.ieHHaa e mojibxe Y McnenbKoù

155

eeunocmu cnum [III, 79]. npoBOjmMaa STOM cj)parMeHTOM CMTyauHH pacTBopeHHOC-

TH npocTpaHCTBa BO BpeMeHH (npH npeaenbHOH CKOHueHTpHpoBaHHOcra nepBoro

H BHyTpeHHefi 6e3rpaHMHHOc™ BToporo) MO>KeT HHTepnpeTHpoBaTbca n xaK

onncaHHe COCTOHHH« TBopnecKofi HeMOTbi, B TO Bpeiwa KaK nepBoe H3

BOCbMHCTHUJHH, AeKJiapnpyioiuee OTHy>KHeHHOCTb npocrpaHCTBa OT BpeivieHH,

xapaKTepH3yeT MOMCHT HanajibHoro TBopnecKoro HMnyjibca, Mcnojib3yH npn 3TOM

o6pa3 napycHbix TOHOK (cp.: dyzciMu napycnux ZOHOK OmKpbimbie cpopMbi nepmn [III,

76]), 4T0 OT3biBaeTCH B naTOH m a ß e "Pa3roBopa o /laHTe", CTaHOBacb

CMbicjioo6pa3yiOLUHM njxpou HCKJiiOHHTeJibHO Ba>KHoro MeTanosTHMecKoro

c|)parMeHTa: coxpannocmb nepnoeuxa - 3CIKOH coxpanenun snepzemuxu npomeedeniiH.

HJIH mozo ntnoöbi npuümu K uejiu, nyjKno npunnmb u yuecmb eemep, dywufuü e

necKOJibKO unyw cmopony. MMenno maKoe u 3üKOH napychozo naeupoecmuH. -

JJaeaüme ecnoMHUM, nmo JJanm Anuzbepu MCUJI eo epeMena pacifeema napycnozo

MopermaeciHbH u ebicoKozo napycnozo ucKyccmea. JJaeaüme ne noznyiuaeMcx imemb e

eudy, umo on co3epuaji o6pa3uu napycnozo jiaeupoeanuR u MopeniaeanbR [III, 235].

TaKHM 06pa30M, aaHHblH CMbICJIOBOH KOMnJieKC, KaK, npaKTHHeCKH, H Bee

ocTajibHbie cjiynaH ceMaHTnnecKHH KOMnpeccHM B MaHaenbiiJTaMOBCKOM Mwpe,

oÖHapy>KHBaeT CBOIO aocTaTOHHO OTHeTJiHByio CBA3b c TeMOM TBopnecTBa. "CnauH-

ajiH3HpoBaHHbiH" xapaKTep xyaoxecTBeHHoro TeKcra B nosranecKOM co3HaHwn

MaH^ejibiiJTaMa MOTMBnpoBaH cneuHcfmKoft caMofi jeöcTBHTejibHOCTM, noTeHUHa-

JibHO pacnojiaraioiueH K KOMnpeccHM, - CM. xopoiuo H3BecTHbifi (J)parMeHT

nepHOBbix HaôpocKOB K m a ß e "HnTaa na j inaca" "nyTemecTBMfl B ApivieHHio":

JJeùcmeumejibHocmb nocum cnnoiunoù xapaKmep. - Coomeemcmeywiuax eu npo3a,

KüK 6bi RCHo u nodpoôno, KaK ou dejioeumo u eepno ona nu cocmaennjiacb, ecezda

6pa3yem npepbieucmuü pnd. - Ho mojibKO ma npo3a deücmeumemno xopoiua,

Komopax eceü ceoeü cucmeMoü enedpena e cnnoiunoe, xomn ezo eeo3MOMcno

noKü3amb HUKCIKUMU CWIOMU U cpedcmeaMu. - TüKUM o6po30M, npo3auuecKuù paccKcrj

ne nmo imoe, KOK npepbieucmbiü 3HüK Henpepbienozo [III, 390] 17; cp. xapaKTepncraKv

anoHCKOH TaHKH B CTaTbe "fleBHTHa/maTbiH BCK": TanKci - lajiwöjiennan (popMci

amoMucmuuecKozo ucKyccmea, - ona ne Munuamtopna, u obuio 6bi zpyöoü ouiuöxou

onazodapn ee xpamKocmu cMemueamb ee c MUHuarmopoü. <...> Ona HUKCIK ne

omnocumcH K Mupy, nomoMy umo ecmb cciMa Mup u nocmonnnoe enympennee

euxpeeoe deu^cenue enympu amoMa [II, 269] '8. HivieHHO cnocoÔHOCTb TeKCTa (H

mnpe - KyjibTypbi) 6biTb "3KBHBajieHTOM" yHHBepcyMa l9 npcnnojiaraeT BO3MO>K-

HOCTb cymecTBOBaHHfl Ka>Knoro H3 HMX B coKpameHHOM BHAC CTaHOBfliueivioi He

TOJIbKO (JlOpMOH. HO H npflMblM VCJIOBHCM HX coxpaHeHHfl 20. B HenocpeacTBeHHOM

CBS3» e TaKHMH npeacTaBJieHHAMH Haxo^HTCfl n MaHjiejibiuTaMOBCKaa waea

[56

HecTaÖHJibHocTH KOMnpeccHpoBaHHbix Moaenefi - Ka>Kaaa M3 HHX, HanojiHaacb

npocTpaHCTBeHHbiMH nepTaMH, OKa3biBaeTca cnocoÖHa Kan K npe6biBaHHK> B

CBepHyTOM COCTOHHHH, Tax H K pa3pacTaHHK>, yBejiHHeHHK), nocKOJibKy "yaeJibHbifi

Bec" npocTpaHCTBa, BpeiweHH, KyjibTypbi H nejiOBeKa nocTOHHeH, - 6oJiee Toro,

npaxTHHecKH Bcer\na OH H3ÖbiTOHeH, HTO co3,a,aeT 06-beKTHBHbie ycjioBHa juin ero

"cnauMajibHOH" peajiH3auHH.

nPMMEHAHMH

l .O npHHUHnHajibHbix oco6eHHOCTHx MannejibiiiTaMOBCKoro CMbicjioo6pa30-

BaHHa CM.: [JleBHH, Ceraji, THMCHHHK, TonopoB, UnBbflH 1974: 48 CJI.]; cp., Hanpn-

Mep: [JleBHH 1969]; [Teppac 1973]; [Ceraji 1975]; [CHJiap^ 1977]; [THMCHHHK 1981];

[Tonnec 1986]; MH. up. - Cp . apyryio xapaKTepncTHKy nosranecKOH penn:

nosmmecKaH penb ecirtb Koepoeax mKciHb, uMemu^an MHOXcecmeo meKcmwibHbix

ocHoe <...>. OHü npoHHeùuiuù Koeep, <...> e KomopoM cmpyu ranza, 63nmue KCIK

meKcmiuibHan meMa, ne cMeuiueawmcH c npoöciMu Hwia wiu Eecppama, HO npeöuea-

K>mpa3HoifeemHbi [III, 217-218]. BnojiHe Beponrao, HTO .naHHaa MeTa(j)opa MCOKCT

6bITb 3aBHCHMa OT TBOpieCTBa XjieÖHHKOBa, B KOTOpOM MOTHB CHHHCTBa MHpOBblX

peK CHMBOJIH3HpyeT C060H CBfl3HOCTb BCeX MHpOBblX C06bITHH H KyJibTyp, - CM.,

HanpHMep, B "cBepxnoBecTH" "A3bi H3 Y3bi" B raaBe c xapaicrepHbiM win

paccMaTpHBaeMOH TeMbi Ha3BaHneM "EjiHHaa KHHra": H euden, nmo nepnue Bedbi,

Kopan u Eeamenue <...> CJIOOKWIU Kocmep M CUM jiezjiu na nezo <...>, Hmoôu

ycKopumb npuxod KHUZU eduHoü, Hbu cmpanui^bi - öojibuiue Mopn, <.. .> A

iuejiKoeuHKci-3aKJiadKa <...> - PeKit ee.wKue CUHIIM nomoKOM: Borna, ede Pcauna

HoubK) nowm, )Kejimbiù Hin, zde Mojwmcn comtuy, HmjeKuxHZ, <...> M mu, Muccucu-

nu, <...> M rciHz, <...> H ffynaù, <...> M 3aMÔe3u, <...> H óypnan 06b, <...> M

TeM3ci [Xjie6HHKOB 1987: 466]. OßHOBpeMeHHO c 3THM cp. "3a6jiy,a,HBLL]HHCfl

ipaMBafi" TyMHJieBa: Hepe3 Heey, uepe3 Hun u Ceny Mu npozpeMemi no mpeM

MocmoM [ryMHJieB 1991: T. 1. 298].

2.B 3TOH CBH3H Heo6xO£HMO Ha3BaTb yCTOHHHByK) Tpa#HHHK> paCCMOTpeHHfl

MaHjxenbiHTaMOBCKoro TBopnecTBa KaK e^HHoro TeKCTa, cjiOKHBuiyiocfl c Hanajia

ceMHjiecaTbix ITO/IOB; CM. ee TeoperaqecKoe o6ocHOBaHHe: "noaoÖHO Kopnycy

MHijiOB, MaHaejibiiiTaMOBCKoe TBopnecTBO o6pa3yeT ezuiHoe CMbicnoBoe npocxpaH-

CTBO, H3 oztHOH T04KH KOToporo B apyryio MOKHO nepeiiTH nocpeacTBOM #HCKpeT-

Horo Haôopa CMbicnoBbix KojOBbix npeo6pa30BaHHH [JleBHH, Ceraji, THMCHHHK.

TonopoB, UHBbflH 1974: 58]; cp.: [>KOJIKOBCKHH 1979: 159 en.].

3.3jiecb >Ke cp. eiue me xapaKTepncTHKH .aaHTOBCKOH "KoMe/mH" (BeayujHM

npH3HaKOM B KOTOpblX HBJIÎieTCH H^ea a6cojnoTHoro ezmHCTBa, uejiocTHOcra),

157

Hcnojib3yiomHe, BO-nepBbix, HcropHKO-My3biKajibHyio MeTatj)opHKy: eoo6pa3ume

ceöe, Hmo e nowwuu upeeywuü opzan eoiunu, KCIK e npuomKpbimbiü OOM, u CKpbinucb e

HeM nampuapx AepaciM u ifapb JJaeud, eecb Mspaiuib c HCCICIKOM, HaxoeoM u eceMu ux

podmoMu <...>. A erne pamiue e nezo eoiunu HUUI npaomeu Adem c cbmoM AeeneM, u

cmapuK Hoù, u Mouceü <...>. <.. .> Tloc.ne smozo opzan npuoôpemaem cnocoônocmb

deuzambCH - ece mpyóbi ezo u Mexa npuxodmn e neoobmaüHoe eo3Öy<McdeHue [III, 257],

- H. BO-BTopbix, auiBoriHCHbie aHajiornn: ECMU 6bi ece 3cuibi 3pMumaoKci edpyz eoiunu

c \MCI, eau 6bi mpmumi ecex UIKOJI U Macmepoe edpyz copeanucb c zeo3deü, eouuiu

dpyz e dpyza, cMecunucb <...>, mo nojiymwocb 6bi neumo nodoônoe Jlanmoeoü

"KoMeduu" [III, 257-258], noKcoaTenbHO, MTO 6nH3Kaa o6pa3HOCTb noBTopaeTca H

B CTnxax MamiejibLiiTaMaMa - c nepBbiM npHMepoM cp. craxoTBopeHHe 1937 ro^a :

H nod epeMeHHbiM HeôoM nucmwiuiua 3a6bieaeM MM nacmo o moM, Hmo cnacmnueoe

neooxpaHwiume - Pa3àeu2tcHoù u npuoKU3HenHbiü doM [III, 128], a co BTopbiM -

"nojiHOMb B M O C K B C PocKouiHO 6y,nnHHCKoe jieTo..." 1931 roaa : K PeMopandmx

exodum e zocmu Pacpasnb [III, 53], - Cp. B H3BCCTHOM CMbicjie 6jiH3Kyio xapaKTepnc-

TMKy no3THKH XjieÖHHKOBa: KciMcdan ezo cmpouKa - Hancuio noeoù nosMbi <...>.

XneÓHUKoe Hanucan daxee He cmuxu, a ozpoMHbiü ecepoccuücxuü mpe6hUK-o6pa3HUK

[II, 296], C M . O TeaTpajibHO-(j)OHeTHHecKOM CTaTyce cjioBa: Cnoeo dm Hxonmoea -

3mo emopoe npoempanemeo. <...> Hxonmoe - eduncmeeHHbiü u3 coepeMeuHbix

pyccKux amnepoe - deuMcemcn e cnoee, KOK e npoempancmee [III, 460-461]. - KaK

THnojiorHHecKVK) napajuiejib, oöna^aKnuyio BbicoKOH CTeneHbio napa^HrMaTHHHO-

CTM H BnojiHe conocTaBHMyK) c xy.uo/KecTBeHHOH npaKTHKOH MaHAeJibUJTaMa cp.

cneuH(})HKy cioweTHoro nocrpoeHHH B axMaTOBCKOH n033HH: "BBOJW CKmeraocTb B

JiHpHHecKoe CTHxoTBopeHHe AxMaTOBa H36pajia coBepuieHHO HOBHH nyTb. <.. .>

nepBbiH npHHUHn nocTpoeHna nosranecKoro aHajiora cioaceTa COCTOAJI B TOM,

4To6bi opneHTHpoBaTbCH He Ha nocjieaoBaTejibHocTH Hanöojiee cymecTBeHHbix n

nojioxHTejTbHO Bbipa>KeHHbix sjieMeHTOB croaœTa, a Ha nocjieziOBaTejibHOCTH

CTbiKOB Mexay HHMH <.. .>. BTopoH npHHHHn <.. .> 3aKJH0HaeTca B TOM, HTO <...>

nocneflOBaTejibHOCTb (nycTb a a » e CTMKOB) pa36nBaeTca. ee KycKH nepeMeiHHBaiOT-

ca <. . .>. HaKOHeu, Tperan npHHHHn nocrpoeHHa COCTOHT B TOM, 4TO c caMoro

Haiajia Bce 3TH onepauHH (BbiaBJieHHe nepexo^OB, o6pa30BaHHe H3 HHX uenH,

nepeMeujHBaHHe 3JieMeHTOB STOH uenn H T.n.) opneHTHpoBaHbi <. . .> Ha o,zmy HJIH

HecKOJibKO Hanöojiee penpe3eHTaraBHbix HacTeß cio>KeTa <. . .>. üosTOMy peajibHO

cK»KeT crymaeTca B o^Hy cueHy" [JleBHH, Ceraji, THMCHHHK, TonopoB, UnBbaH:

1974 55-56].

4 . 0 6 HTee CHHXPOHHH B xyao/KecTBeHHOM co3HaHHH MaHflejibiiJTaMa CM..

HanpHMep: [JleBHH 1972: 186 CT.; 1975a: 5-6. 12]: [JleBHH, Ceraji, THMCHHHK. Tono-

[58

poB, UHBbflH 1974: 50-51 en.]; K MaH^ejibuiTaMOBCKOMy BoenpHflTHK) BpeMeHH CM.:

[Terras 1969], [Freidin 1978]. - 3/xecb >Ke Heo6xo,HHMO CKa3aTb, HTO B KaMecTBe

O,HHOH H3 ceMaHTHHecKHx cj)opM KOMnpeccHH BpeMeHH MO>KeTpaccMaTpnBaTbca ero

cnauHaJiioaiiHfl, HaziejieHHe npocTpaHCTBeHHMMM KanecTBaMH H npH3Hai<aivin; CM.:

[3TKHHJI 1991: 248-249]. - MeTa(})opHHecKoe Hcnojib30BaHHe MaHjrejibiuTaMOM

o6pa3a rnoccoJiajiHH 4>aKTOB y flaHTe cp. c xopoiuo H3BecTHbiM (})parMeHTOM

CTaTbH 1921 ro.ua "CJIOBO H KyjibTypa": Hune npouexodum KCIK 6U Henenue

zjiocconcuiuu. B cenujeHHOM uccmyruienuu nosmbi zoeopnm HCI R3bwe ecex epejvieH, ecex

Kyjibmyp. <.. .> Cnoeo cmcuio He ceMucmeoiibHoü, a rmicmecmeojibHou ijeenuifeü [1,

216].

5.BBHfly BBe^eHHH B TeKCT MOTHBa aeTCKOCTH Cp. OKpyXeHHblH TaKMM >Ke

opeoJiOM npHMep ceMaHTHMecKOH KOMnpeccHH B "LUyMe BpeMeHH": Ko Mue

HCIHUMüJIU cmojibKux (ppanifyMceHOK, mno ece ux uepmu nepenymcuiucb u cnunucb e

OöHO oöujee nopmpemnoe nnnmo [II, 353].

6.B 3TOH CBH3H CM. 3aMenaHHe B.H.TonopoBa o MannejibLUTaMOBCKOM PHMC:

"PHM Bceraa e ncoTOM, OH Kan 6bi pa3JiHT B MHpe H B JHOöOM MecTe MOKCT 6biTb

Bbi3BaH, CTaTb. <.. .> PHM He TOJibKO H He CTOJibKO r o p o a , CKOJibKO BceneHHaa, MHp,

n p n p o j a " [TonopoB 1987: 210-211]: B 6onee oömeM nnaHe 06 o6pa3e PnMa y

MaH^ejibiHTaMa CM.: [IiiubióbiJiCKHH 1995]; cp.: [Przybylski 1964; 1972].

7.CHMnTOMaTH4HbiM npejrcTaBJifleTCfl HHTepTeKCTyaJibHoe npncyTCTBHe B

3TOM (J)parMeHTe o6pa3a ropo^a , cooTHoenmerocfl c MHpoM KyjibTypbi - cp. "PaBeH-

Hy" BjiOKa: TM KCIK MJiadenen cnuiub, PaeenHa, Y COHHOù eennoemu na pyKcix. - B

CBA3H c CHTyauHen 3aKjnoHeHHfl, "noMeiueHHfl" npocrpaHCTBa B HHyio cpeAy cp.

y x e HHTHpoBaBUjeeca B CBA3H C BO3MO>KHOH onocpe/iOBaHHOH cooTHeceHHOCTbio c

JiHHHOCTbK) TyMHJieBa onHcaHHe AujTapaKCKOH uepKBH B "riyTeiuecTBHH B

ApMeHHK)": TCIM nemupe xneoonem: ceeep, 3ancid, loz, eocmoK - <...> ne Haxodnm

ce6e Mecma. - KOM}' npuuma uden 3ciKJiK)Humb npocmpcmcmeo e smom MCCIJIKUü

nozpeóeij, e smy Hiiufyfo meMHuijy [III, 127].

8.Cp. 3aMe4aHHe B.H.TonopoBa o MaH/rejibuuTaMOBCKOH nuée B03BpaTHOC-

TH, KOTopaa "03HanaeT HCKJUoneHHe Bcero HHoro KpoMe c e 6 a H BbiBCneHHe

3Toro HHoro H3 ceöa, noHHMaHHe ero KaK c B o e r o. KOTopoe MHp ycBanBaeT

ceöe. CyujecTBeHHO nosTOMy, HTO ncxojxHbiM JiOKycoM B03BpaTH0CTH BbicTynaeT

MMeHHO T e ii o" [TonopoB 1991: 14]. B CBH3H C co,nep>KaBUJHMCH B nocjiejiHHX

npHMepax cjiynaeM nyjibcauHH, HecTaÖHJibHOCTH CM.: "cTaHOBJieHHe ceMaHTHsec-

KOH no3THKH MannejibLiiTaMa MO>KHO npeüCTaBHTb KaK npouecc nepeaoBaHHfl

HHTepHOpH3aUHH - 3KCTepHOpH3aUHH, BÖHpaHHe MHpa BHyTpb MCHfl - BblBe^eHHe

MOHX COCTOAHHH B MHp" [Ceraji 1992: 460].

159

9.B CB33H c MaHaejibujTaMOBCKHM oöpameHMeM K pacHHOBCKofi "ct>e^pe"

cjie^yeT cxa3aTb, HTO P./JyTJiH B jHCKyccHH Ha TpeTbnx MannejibiiiTaMOBCKHX liTeHHHX (HMHb 1994 r., BopoHex) npHBen pup, B03MO>KHbix TeKcryajibHbix

nepeKJiHHeK MaH^eJibuiTaivia c PacHHOM H OTMCTHJI, HTO öiuoocTb MaHaejibiiJTa-

MOBCKoro TeKCTa opnrHHaJiy jiaer ocHOBaHHfl roBopHTb o HeM He CTOJibKO KSLK O

no^pa>KaHHH, CKOJibKO KaK o nepeBoae H coe^MHeHHH pa3JinHHbix (j)parMeHTOB

Tpare^HH PacHHa; B TaKOM cjiyiae KaweTca /lonycTHMbiM paccMaTpHBaTb "51 He

yBH)Ky 3HaMeHMTofi Oeapbi . . ." B KanecTBe eme o^Horo npwiuepa cöopHoö uHTaTbi.

- K paciHHpeHHio cc})epbi ceiviaHTHHecKoro (j)yHKUHOHHpoBaHHH o6pa3a CTpejibi CM.

ero ynoTpe6jieHHe B CTaTbe "O co6ece,mwKe": "Tu" EcuibMouma nuKozda ne

uaxodum adpecama, npoHocxcb MUMO, KOK cmpena, copeaeiuancn co CMUUKOM inyzoü

memuebi [I, 185]; cp. npe/mocxMmeHHe oco6oro CMbicjiOBoro HanojmeHHfl 3Toro

o6pa3a B CTHXOTBopeHHH 1911 r o ^ a "Kor#a noAbiMaio...", r^e c o6pa30M

(BeposiTHO, nacoBOH) cTpejiKH conojiaraioTCfl TaKHe KJnoneBbie pjisi

3K3HCTeHUHajibHO0 TeMbi MaHAejibuiTaivia noHATHa KaK Ta>KecTb, na^eHbe H

KOJieöaHHe: Ecmb e mxMcecmu padocmb, M e nadeubu ecmb Koneoanuü cnadocmb -

ocmpou cmpeiiKu Mecmbl [I, 63]. - 3aecb ace MO>KHO OTMeinTb H TOT cj)aKT, HTO o6pa3

CTpejibi B onpejie^eHHOM MeTanosranecKOM opeojie Hcnojib30Bajica H B TBopnecTBe

TyMHJieBa; CM.: [I_LiBapu6aH,n 1987: 295-301].

10.B KOHTeKCTe My3bn<ajibHO-opKecTpoBOH cocTaBJUHOinefi TeKCTa cp. TaM >Ke

O HHpH>KepCKOH naJIOHKC 06pa3 KOTOpOH B H3BeCTHOH CTeneHH MO>KeT CÖJIM/KaTbCa

c o6pa30M CTpejiti: B neKomopoM cMbicne sma HeyfueuMax ncuioiKa codepMcum e

ceöe KcmecmeeHHO ece sjieMewnbi opKecmpa [III, 245].

11.Cp. co£ep>KamyK)Cfl B "3ojioracToro Meaa c ipya H3 öyTbuiKH TeKJia..."

KOMÖHHaUHK) "CHHOHHMHHHblx" MOTHBOB npH^eHHfl H BbllUHBaHHfl: H) •', Cl 6

KOMHame ôe.noù, KCIK npxjixa, cmoum muuama, <...> TloMHuuib, e zpenecKOM doAte:

.VOôUMCIX eceMit Mcena, - He Ejiena - àpyzan, - KOK domo OHCI ebiuiueana? [I, 128]. K

MOTHBy npflJKH, npareHHH H CBjnaHHOMy c HHM o6pa3y iuepcra CM. craxoTBopeHue

1911 r o a a ; Ha nepjiaMympoebiù nemoK Hammueax Menno, numu, O, ncuibubi zuÔKue,

HciHHume OuapoeamejibHbiü ypox [I, 69]; cp. B "Tristia": M H nmônm oôbiKHoeeme

npnoKu: Cnyem nejiHOK, eepemeno McyxcDKum [I, 138], - H B " H T O 6 , npHHTenb H

BeTpa H Kanejib...": Pa3Momaeiuuù HQ dea 3aeeiqaHbR CiaôoeojibHbix uMyufecme

K.ny6oK H e npoiqeHbe omdae e eepeufciHbe M up, Komopbiù KCIK nepen zjiyôoK [III, 132];

Cp. B SBHOM MeTaTeKCTyaJIbHOM OÔpaMJieHHH, npOBO,HHMOM, B HaCTHOCTH,

MOTHBOM cjienoTbi, B naTOH rjiaBe "ErwneTCKOH MapKH": B smo epeMH npoxodunu

Hepe3 rwoufadb z.nyxoHëMbie: OHU cymuiu pyxoMu ôbicmpyw npnoKy. <...> Cmapiuuù

ynpae.iRJi ne.woKOM. <...> To u desto nodôezcui co cmopoHbi McuibHUK, mciK pacmonbi-

160

pue ncLibUbi, cjioeno npocwi CHfimb c HUX 3aruiemeHHy}o duazonajiHMU HumKy, nmoóbi

crmemenue ne noepedwiocb. Ha HUX HO ecex - ux ôbuio nemeepo - nonazajiocb,

oneeudho, nxmb MomKoe. OduH MomoK 6bui JIUUIHUM. OHU zoeopwiu na R3bixe

jiacmonéK u nonpouiaeK u, nenpepbWHO 3aMembiean KpynnbiMu cmeoKKOMu eo3Ôyx,

uiujiu ia nezo pyôauucy. - Cmapocma e zneee nepenyman ecio npxoicy. - TnyxoneMbie

ucue3Jiu e apice Tnaenozo uimaôa, npodonoKUH cynumb ceow npnxcy [II, 480]; cp. KaK

HBHyio napajuiejib K o6pa3y cujHBaeMoro Bcoayxa: M cHoea, napoeo3Hbmu ceucmm-

Mu Pci3opeaHHbiü, cKpunuuHbiù eo3dyx c/ium [II, 35], - B "KoHuepTe Ha BOioajie",

My3biKajibHo-opKecTpoBaa o6pa3HocTb KOToporo npe«BOcxnmaeT cooTBeTCTByio-

myio TonHKy "Pa3roBopa o /^aHTe".

12.B 3TOH CBA3H MO>KHO Ha3BaTb xapaKTepH3yiomee xyao)KecTBeHHoe 3peHHe

MaH,nejibiiiTaMa CBOHCTBO tjmceTHaTocra, BbiCTynawmee KaK oßHa H3 (jiopM

ceiviaHTMHecKOH KOMnpeccMH: "OaceTnaTOCTb 03HanaeT yMHO>KeHHe o6pa3a,

MHoroKpaTHoe ero noBTopemie, npH TOM, HTO B Kaxaofi crnHHue OH ocTaeTca

caMOCTOflTejibHbiM H paBHbiM caiviOMy ce6e <.. .>, <. . .> Ka>K£biH 3JieMeHT

o^HOBpeMeHHO H caMO^ocTaToneH, H penpe3eHTMpyeT uejioe [UnBbHH 1991: 45-46];

TaM x e npiiBoauTca cnynaH H^eojiorHHecKOH "KOMnpeccMH", BCTpenaiomnfioi B

CTaTbe "CKpa6HH H xpHCTHaHCTBo": C yjibiÔKOù zoeopum xpucmuaHCKuü Mup

fluoHucy: "Hmo DK, nonpoôyù, eemi pcaopeamb uewi ceoiiM MenadciM: H eecb

uejibnocmb, eecb - nuuHoemb, eecb - cnaxHHoe edimcmeo!" [I. 203]. CTporo roBopa.

HecKOJibKO BH,noH3MeHeHHoe onHcaHHe 4> a c e T H a T ° f i opraHH3auHH 3peHna

coAepxHTca B nepHOBbix MaTepHajiax K "FlyTeiuecTBHio B ApivieHHio", npnneM HTO

ocoöeHHO Ba>KHO - HenocpeflCTBeHHo B CBH3H C o6pa30M "cj)aceTHaTOH" MocKBbi:

MocKea nodoôpena: zopod [6bui] nyànbiù, nodpoOHbiü, dpoÔHbiù, c MHOOKecmeenHbiM u

cROMCHbiM [3peHbeMJ, KaK ycmpoücmeo [zjici3a y KOMHamnoü MyxuJ MywuHozo zncaa,

3pemeM [III, 378]. - O Teiwe 3peHHfl y MaH^ejibUJTaMa cp., HanpnMep: [Ceraji 1974].

- K coeaMHeHHK) MOTHBa 3peHHH c npn3HaK0M BbinyKJiocTH cp. TpaHcnoHnpoBamie

3T0H KOMÖHHauMK» B jiHHHOCTHO-TBopHecKyio c(j)epy: O, ec.iu 6bi eepnyrrtb u 3pmux

ncuibuee cmbid, M ebinyKJiyio padoctm y3HaeaubH [I, 131].

13.ynoMHHaHne B ßaHHOM pa^y HMCHM JlaMapKa jiejiaeT B03MO>KHbiM

ycTaHOBJieHMe pjwa TonojiHMTejibHbix COOTBCTCTBHH MOKny uHTnpyeMbiMH

TeKCTaiviH. TaK, npHcyTcreyiomaa B "FlyTeiijecTBHH B ApMeHMK)" xapaKTepncTHKa

JlaMapKa: V'JlaMapKa öacennbie 3eepu [III, 202], - nepe3 o6pa3 6acHH B03BpawaeT K

"KamjoHe": M ceexca, KOK ebiMbiman ôacun, JJo OCKOMUHM 3eneHan do.iuna [III, 52], -

HTO, B coneTaHHH c o6pa3aMH 6am<npoB H JiaH/nuacjiTa (CM.: óauKupbi zopnozo

nandiuaipma [III, 51]) BOTET K MaH^eJibiiiTaMOBCKOMy KOMMeHTapHio cj)parMeHTa

ceMHa^uaTOH necHH "Aaa", co.aep>KameMy KOMÔHHaunio 6aHKHpcKO-pocTOBiuHHec-

161

Kofi TeMbi H o6pa30B JiaHAUiacJ)Ta H /KMBOTHbix - CM.: JlandiucKpm ceMHaduamoù

necHu - pacKcuieHHbie necKu <...>. Ha necxe cudnm cciMbie 3uamHbie pocmoeufUKu

<...>. Ha mee y KaMcdozo U3 HUX eucam Meiuonxu <...> c ebiiuumbiMu na HUX

(pciMiuibHbiMu zepöaMu no ueenwoMy (pony: na3ypHbiù nee na 3onomoM (pone - y

odnozo; zycb <... > na Kpoeaeo-KpacHOM - y dpyzozo; u zonyöan ceuHbx na 6enoM (pone

- y mpembezo [III, 231], - cp. najiHTpy "KaHUOHbi", o6pa3yeMyio coneTaHneM

30noToro, MajiMHOBoro, 3ejieHoro, wenToro H KpacHoro HBCTOB. B CBH3H C

UBeTOBOH raMMOH TeKCTa CM. 3aMeHaHHe H.5I.MaH,nejibuiTaM: "Flefoa^K 6JIM30K K

ApMeHHM, X0T3 "RO ocKOMHHbi 3ejieHaH /lOJiHHa" - He cjiHiiiKOM xapaKTepHO <.. .>.

TaKMe 3ejieHbie aonnHbi npHHanyieAaT CKopee MopcKOMy KJiHMaTy. Cnopee Bcero

3TO c6opHbiH naH/uijacJ)T cpe,an3eMHOMopcKHX KyjibTyp" [MaH^ejibiiJTaM 1990: 206]:

TaM >Ke ([MaH^ejibiuTaM 1990: 210]) - o CBH3H "KaHuoHbi" c öacHefi KpbiJiOBa

"JlHca H BHHorpaü"; o ceMaHTHKe 3ejieHoro uBeTa B MaHAejibWTaMOBCKOM MHpe

CM.: [HeBHH 1969: 140]; [Mopaepep 1989: 54]. - Kax inooonbiTHyio napajuienb

MOXHO OTMeTHTb, HTO MaHjiejibuiTaMOBCKoe cononoxeHHe ecTecTBeHHOHaynHOH

o6pa3HOCTM c xaHpoM 6acHH, npcunonara iomee B nocjie,zmeM HajiHHHe onpeaeJieH-

Horo "3BOJiK>UHOHHoro" ^HHaMH3Ma, B öojiee o6meM nnaHe "npeacKa3aHo" B

nepBOH H3 "JleKUHH nO TeOpHH CJIOBeCHOCTH" riOTeÖHH, npHTOM HTO TJiaBHblM

KaïecTBOM öacHH OH Ha3biBaeT TO. HTO "oHa 3aKjno4aeT B ce6e aeöcTBHe. T.e. pnji

n3MeHeHHH" [FIoTeOHfl 1914: 16]. - C M . npcuBOCXHmeHHe COCHHHCHMH "6aHKOB-

CKOfi" 06pa3H0CTH C 300MOpcJ)HOH MeTacjjopHKoH B onepKe "XojiojHoe JieTo" 1923

rozta: JIWóJIJO öOHKU - smu 3eepuHUbi Menwi, zde öyxzanmepu cudnm 3a peuiemKou,

Kux onacHbie 3eepu... [II, 309], - K TeMe "MaHAejibuiTaM n OHOJiorwa" CM.,

HanpHMep: [West 1981], [Rayfield 1987], [HßaHOB 1991], [Kaunc 1993] n up. -

noMHMO 3Toro, o6pa3 Bbinyxjibix CTCKOJI H COOTHOCHUHIHCH e HHM o6pa3 HeneBMUb]

MoryT 6biTb accouHaTHBHO CBH3aHbi c yaœ ynoMHHaBuieHca CTaTbefi XjieÖHHKOBa

"Hama ocHOBa" - cp.: Cmeioia u neneeuuu, u3MeHHhoufue Jiyuu cydbóbi, - zpndyufuü

ydeji nenoeenecmea [XJIC6HMKOB 1987: 632]; Jiio6onbiTHO, HTO TaM >Ke cojtepAHTca

MeTacjjopa MOJiHHH-nejiOBeKa: nenoeeK e KOHue KOHUOB MOJIHUH [XJICöHHKOB 1987:

630], - npH TOM, HTO o6pa3 MOJIHHH pejieBaHTeH H JUIR aHajiH3HpyeMoro c])parMeHTa

MaHüejibiiJTaMOBCKoro Mnpa (CM. HH>Ke). KpoMe Toro, o6pa3 HeneBHUbi noBTopaeT-

cn B \iaHH(J)ecTe "Xy^oKHHKH MMpa!", Toro >Ke, HTO H "Hama ocHOBa". 1919 lojxa:

npn 3TOM ocoöeHHO Ba>KHO, HTO OH TaK>Ke conono/KeH c o6pa30M JiyneH, HMOOIUHX

B MaHiiejibUJTaMOBCKOM MHpe OTHeTJiHByio MeTaTenycTyajibHyio OKpacKy. - CM.: Mbi

domo UCK0.1U maKyw, nodoonym neueeuije, 3adany, mnoöbi HanpaeneHHbie ew x oóiueu

moHKe coeduHeHHbie jiynu mpyda xydoDKHimoe u mpyda Mbicnumeneu ecmpemwiucb

162

óbi e oômeù paôome <...>. Tenepb mciKan 3cidcma - neneeui^a - <...> Haüdena. 3ma

u,enb - C03damb oôufiiù nucbMeHHbiù H3biK [XneÔHHKOB 1987: 619].

14.noMHMO 3Toro, coejuiHeHHe o6pa3a CTpejibi c snHTeTOM "KpeMHeBbiö" He

MO/KeT He yHHTbiBaTb Bcero cneKTpa 3HaneHHH, npno6peTaeMbix MM B MaH,nejib-

uiTaMOBCKOM MHpe, B TOM Hncjie H CBa3aHHbix c MeTaTeKCTyajibHbiM HanajiOM H

H^eaMH >KepTBonpHHOUieHHa H Ka3HH (H KoppenepmoiuMX c ryMHJieBCKHM

TBopnecTBOM); CM.: [Tozwec 1988: 196-197, 211-212].

15.3aecb >Ke MO>KHO yKa3aTb pa3o6paHHbie Bbiiue cjiynaH OTpHuaHna

MaHflenbiiiTaMOM npe^CTaBJieHHÖ o cyiuecTBOBaHHM nporpecca B KyjibType,

OTHeTJiHBee Bcero 3acJ)MKCHpoBaHHbie B 3aMeTKe "O coBpeMeHHOH no33HH" v\

CTaTbHX "CJIOBO H KyjibTypa" H "O npHpo^e cjioBa"; cp. TaioKe MHoroiHCJieHHbie B

"Pa3roBope o flaHTe" yKa3aHHH Ha "coBpeMeHHOCTb" TBopnecTBa ,I],aHTe, npe,u£OC-

XMTHBiuero eBponeficKyio no33MK> üBazmaToro BeKa.

16.Cp. KOMÖHHauMio peaJibHO "MoraBHpoBaHHoro" o6pa3a rpo3bi c pcnyuH-

poBaHHOH (JjopMoö o6i>e3,na MOCKBM Ha TpaMBae B ynoMHHaBiueMOi onepKe

"XojiojiHoe JieTo": Xopowo e zpo3y e mpciMeae "A " npoMuambcn 3ejienbiM IïOHCOM

MocKßbi, dozoHHH zpo3oeyw myny [II, 309].

17 .no cyra .nejia, MaHaejibuuTaMOBCKoe onpcueneHHe npo3bi B H3BecTHOM

CMbicjie npeaBOCXHiuaeT rnaBHbie CTpyKTypo- H CMbicjioo6pa3yK>mne npHHUHnbi.

BbiflejiaeMbie P.5IKO6COHOM AJIH xy^O/KecTBeHHoro TeKCTa H B nepByio onepe^b -

min nosTHHecKoro »3biKa: ceneKUHio, OTÖop onpcueneHHbix KOMnoHeHTOB M HX

KOMÖHHHpOBaHHC COCHHHeHHe B COOTBeTCTBHH c onpeaejieHHbiMH npaBMnaMH

nocTpoeHH«; cp. B npHMeHeHHH K OCOöCHHOCTHM MaHaejibUJTaMOBCKofi H axMaTOB-

CKOH öOSTHKH: [JieBHH, Ceraji, THMCHHHK, TonopoB, UiiBbHH 1974: 69]. B STOM

OTHOiueHHH CTOJib xapaKTepHbie jim xyjiO/KecTBeHHoro MHpa MaH,DcejibiirraMa

KOMnpeccMpoBaHHbie ceMaHranecKHe MO^ejiM MoryT HHTepnperapoBaTbCH Kan

npnMep npeaeJibHOH ceMMOTH3auHH Tencra, MaKCHMajibHO aKTyamoMpyiomero

npH3HaKH CXO^CTBa, CTpyKTypHOH HJIH CMbICJIOBOH 6jM30CTM H pa3JIH4Hfl (npM

TOM, MTO nocjiexiHHe ocTawTca 3a paMxaMH caMHX KOMnpeccHpoBaHHbix MO^eneti,

TeM caMbiM KaK 6bi penpe3eHTHpyacb (jiaKTOM CBoero OTcyTCTBHa). B STOM CBH3H

MO/KHO npHBecTM 3aMeMaHHe B.H.TonopoBa, KacaiomeecH apxeTMnjinecKHx

KOCMoroHHHecKHX TeKCTOB BOo6me: "npo6neMa T o x j i e c T B a H p a 3 J i H H n a

ABJÏfleTCfl KJnOHeBOH JXSW nOHMMaHHH COBOKynHOCTM BCex CeMHOTHHeCKHX CHCTeM,

oöiejOTHaeMbix <.. .> B HeKyro yHHBepcajibHyio 3HaKOByio CHCTeMy" [TonopoB 1971:

62]: cp. BbiBOj T.B.U,HBbflH o TOM, HTO MH(j)OJiorHHecKaH (H, cjieaoBaTeJibHO.

HHflHBHjiyaJibHaji xyaoaœcTBeHHafl. MH(j)ono3raHecKa>!) "Mo^ejib MHpa He orpaHH-

MMBaeTca TOJibKO Knaccnt])HKauHeH vHHBepcyMa: OHa co.nep/KHT B ce6e H npaBMJia

KJiaccn(})HKauHH, H annapaT caMOOoyneHHa. <.. .> B .naHHOM cjiynae peqb njiej o

[63

TexHHKe MbiLUJieHHH, a HMeHHO - o Bbipa6oxKe KpHTepneB cpaBHeHHH, conocTaBJie-

HHfl H OTO>KnecTBneHHîi. OöyneHHe H.neT oßHOBpeMeHHO no .opyM JDIHHüM. C OüHOH

CTopoHbi, npe^jiaraeTca ocTaBaTbca B npenejiax Tpa,tmuHH, 3 jpaBoro CMbicjia, c

apyroH - Bce orpaHMHeHHH CHHMawTca H pa3peiuaeTCfl Haxo/niTb oömee B Jiioôbix

npoH3BOJibHO Bbi6paHHbix o6"beKTax. <. . .> M n p jojDKeH öbiTb ycBoeH B CBJOHOCTM,

a 3TO 3HaHHT, HTO B npHHUMne CBH3aHbi Äpyr c ApyroM MoryT 6biTb Jiioöbie

OÖteKTbl BHe KaKOH 6bl TO HM ÖbIJIO KJiaCCH(j)MKaUMH" [UHBbHH 1984: 56], - rpyAno

He OÖpaTHTb BHHMaHMe Ha TO, HTO OnHCblBaeMblH MexaHH3M CMbICJI006pa30BaHMfl

B noJiHofi Mepe npHMeHHM K MeTacjiopHHecKOMy MbiuineHHio MaHaejibuiTaMa.

18.B 3TOH CB5I3H CM. VKa3aHHe Ha aÖCOJÏIOTHyK), "KOMnpeCCHpOBaHHyK)"

nycTOTy a^a, coaepxameeca B .HCBATOH rnaBe "Pa3roBopa o /^aHTe": HenpaemibHO

Mbicnumb inferno KüK nenmo oöbeMHoe, KüK ueKoe coeduHeuue ozpoMHbix ijupKoe,

nycmbiHb c zopnmuMit necKOMu, CMepdmiiux 60.10m, eaewiOHCKUx cmojiuij u doKpacHci

pacKcuieHHbix Menemeü. Ad nuuezo e ceöe He 3aKJiK>naem u ne uMeem oöbeMci, nodoÖHo

moMy KüK 3nudeMUH, noeempue X3ebi wiu uyMbi, - nodoöno moMy KCIK ecuKan 3cipa3ci

jiuuib pacnpocmpciHHemcR, ne öydynu npocmpancmeeHHOü [III, 250]. Cp. cjiyMan

npoBeaeHHH MOTHBa n y c m o m m B c raxax caMbix pa3Hbix nepnojioB: Tlycmyem

.uecmo. Beuep djiumcn, TeouM omcymcmeueM moMUM [I, 43]; HanpacHO eenepoM

3uwia Heöec 3jiaman nycmoma [I, 43]; Mnu nycmbiunee naneea mu Tex paKoeun, e

necKe nowuiux [I, 44]; Teoü Mup, 6one3HeHHbiü u cmpciHHbiü, H npuHUMam, nycmoma!

[I, 51]; neMciH ebiuiuna, KüK nycman öCIIUHH ôenax [I, 6 2 / / Bnepedu zycmoü myMciH

KJiyôumca, M nycman miemm no3adu [I, 73]; Uademe - Heu3MenHbiù cnymnuK

cmpaxa, M caMbiù cmpax ecmb nyecmeo nycmomu [I, 75]; B cyxoü peKe nycmoù

nejiHOK njibwem [I, 146]; M 6e3 rnedn Mne cnoea JJpeMyuuü eo3Öyx nycm [I. 153]; Tlo

zyôoMMeHH noMaxcem üycmoma [III, 45]; MmuiuoHbi yóumbix 3adeuieeo IJpomonma-

.7« mpony e nycmome [III. 124]; K nycmoù 3ejwie ueeoiibHO npunadcm [III, 138] H MH.

3p.: noKa3aTejibHO, HTO B aöcomoTHOM öojibWHHCTBe cjiynaeB KanecTBO nycTOTbi

npflMo HJiH onocpe^oBaHHO COOTHOCHTCH C KaTeropHHMH civiep™, ymepÖHOcra,

HenocTaTKa. - 3jiecb » e cp. B UHTHpoBaBuieMca onepKe "KpoBaBaa MHCTepHfl 9-ro

HHBapa": u,apb pyxnyn, deopeif cman zpoôoM u nycmbineü, n.noufcidb - 3UAK>U^UM

npoeCUlOM, U COMblU CmpOÙHblÙ ZOpod 6 MUpe - ÖeCCMblCJieHHblM HazpOMODKdeHbëM

ddaHuù [II, 242]. OAHOBpeivieHHO c 3THM, B paiviKax npoMCxoAfliueö B MaH^ejibuiTa-

MOBCKOH MO^eJIH MMpa a6cOJHOTHOH "K0MnpeCCH3aUHeH", aaHTOBCKHH 0.JX

coxpaHHeT H ripH3HaK onpenejieHHofi cyMMHpoBaHHOCTH: Inferno - 3tno noMÔapd, e

KomopoM 3ajioMceHbi 6e3 ebiKyna ece meecmmie JJcmmy cmpciHbi u zopoda [III, 250].

19.0 npHCyTCTBVIOIUeM B MaH^ejIbUUTaMOBCKOM MHpe H3BCCTH0M

n30Mopc|)H3Me xv7lo>KecTBeHHoro TBopiiecTBa H BHeno^[o>KHOH eiviy peajibHOCTH CM.,

164

HanpHMep: [JleBMH, Ceran, THMCHHHK, TonopoB, IjHBbflH 1974: 74 en.]; cp.: [Ceraji

1979: 1981; 1987]. lO.OneBHjmo, HMeHHO STHM onpeaejineTca H CTOJib BbicoKaa CTeneHb lacTOT-

HOCTH KOMnpeccHpoBaHHbix MO^eneß, .nonycKaiomafl caejiaTb npe^noJioxeHMe o ee

co3HaTejibHOM, HBHOM juin MaHaejibiuTaMa xapaKTepe, HTO, COöCTBCHHO, o^HOBpe-

MeHHO nOBblUjaeT H 3HaHHMOCTb nOflOÖHblX CMbICJIOBblX KOHCTpVKHHH, M aKTyajib-

HOCTb MX BbiHBJieHHa H onHcaHHH. - OAHHM H3 HHTepeCHblX npHMepOB 3TOrO MO>KeT

cjiy>KHTb KHHra ü.n.noJiOHCKoro " 0 3 H M H " , - no CBH^eTejibCTBy H.Ü.MaHaejib-

ujTaM, B 6n6jiHOTeKe nosTa coxpaHHJiacb BTopaa lacTb ee npn>KM3HeHHoro

H3jiam\a [OpeHjiHH 1991: 232]. /],aHHoe o6cTOHTejibCTBO no3BOjmeT npe;inojio;>KHTb,

HTO MaHAeJibiiiTaM He Mor He 6biTb 3HaKOM H C nepBOH wacTbio 3Toro H3aaHHH (no

npHBO^HMOMy CBHjieTejibCTBy He coBceM ACHO, Bxo,a,HJia JIH OHa B ÖHÖJiMOTeKy

no3Ta H 6biJia no3jmee yTepjma, HJIH MaH/jejibiiiTaM c caMoro Hanajia pacnojiaraji

TOJibKO BTopoH HacTbK)). Bo BCHKOM cjiynae, uejibiH pajx oÖHapy>KMBaK)mMxca B

MaHüejIbUITaMOBCKOM TBOpneCTBe TpHAUaTblX rOJJOB CMbICJIOBblX KOHCTpyKUHM

MO/KeT ÔbITb COOTHeceH C HeKOTOpbIMH TeKCTaMH nOJIOHCKOrO, BKJHOHeHHbIMH B

" 0 3 H M H " ; npw STOM cjie,zryeT yHHTbiBaTb, HTO HBHbie cjie/ibi BHHMaHHa MaH,uejib-

uiTaiwa K 3T0My aBTOpy, Ka>KeTca, He 3a(j)HKCHpoBaHbi. OcoôbiH HHTepec B .naHHOM

cjiyiae Bbi3biBaeT nepeBOjj rioJiOHCKoro "H3 Byp/mJibeHa", KOTopoMy npejinocjiaH

snnrpai]): The night has thousand eyes, - H KOTopbifi OTKpbiBaeTca CTpoKon: Honb

CMompum mbiCHMOMU zna3 [FIOJIOHCKHH 1876: 166]. Bo3HHKaK>mne B STOH CBH3H

napajuiejiH c MaHaejiburraMOBCKHM MnpoM Be/ryT K TaKofi xapaKTepHofi JJJW Hero

coAep>KaTejibHOH MOACJIM, KaK paccMOTpenHbifi Bbiiue MOTHB spsmero (HOHHoro)

He6a, npe^cTaBJieHHbiM B uenoM pujie TeKCTOB H, B nacTHOCTH, B BapnaHTe 'TpMCJ)e-

.ibHOH oabi": Honb, <...> HcmpeôuHbiù meoù McenmoK r.wdum U3 KOMennozo Mcepna

[II, 533]: B jxpyrofi CBJOH conojio>KeHHe 'TpHC^ejibHOH o/ibi" c TBopnecTBOM

nojiOHCKoro CM. B: [Ronen 1983: 31, 74]. FlpcziejibHOH cj)opMOH 3Toro MoraBa

MO>KeT CMHTaTbca Ha^eneHne He6a npH3HaKOM MHOFOOHHTOCTH, KOMÔHHHpyeMoe c

o6pa30M neiijyH, KOTopbiH B HeKOTopbix cjiyHaax KOHKpeTH3HpyeTCH coe^HHeHHeM

c o6pa30M rna3; CM. xopouio H3BecTHoe/ Ebimb MOMcem, MM Aùx-Ccxpun C öeenuc-

.leHHbiM MHOJtcecmeoM znœs [III. 79]: Hmo, earn Apuocm u Tacco, oôeopoMcaioujue

HOC, Hydoemua c jia3ypHbw MO3ZOM U nemyeii U3 enaoKHbix zna3 [III, 73]. Conojio>Ke-

Hne o6pa3a M03ra c o6pa30M rna3 0Ka3biBaeTca conocraBHMO c npo,nojT>KeHHeM

CTHXOTBopHoro nepeBoaa ÜOJiOHCKoro, cojj.ep>Kamero npaKTMnecKH TOXiiecTBeH-

Hyro MeTacJ)opy: VM CMompum mbicnnaMu zna3 [FIOJIOHCKMH 1876: 167]. Tpy/jHO

o^H03Ha4HO OTBeTHTb Ha Bonpoc, HBnaeTca JIH ztaHHoe coBna^eHne npaMofi

UHTaTOH H3 nepeBO,na nojiOHCKoro. opraHMHHO BKJnonaioineHCH B onpcuejieHHyio

CMbicjioByio nepcneKTHBy MannejibuiTaMOBCKoro MHpa, HJIH üaHHbifi TCKCT TOJibKO

165

BbiCTynaeT B cjjyHKUHH CTHMyjnipyiomero (j)aKTopa, aKTMBM3npoBaBLuero caMOCTOfl-

TenbHO cc|)opMHpoBaBUJHHca MOTHB; B JIIOôOM cjiynae, Kan Ka>KeTCfl, .aonycTHMO

roBopHTb o TOM, HTO HHrapyeivibie (J)parMeHTbi "H3 BypjiMJibeHa" MorjiH oco3HaBa-

Tbca MaH/iejibuiTaMOM KaK CBoeo6pa3Haa "cöopHaa UHTaTa" H3 ero coöcTBeHHoro

xy^o»;ecTBeHHoro MHpa. - JJjpyroü acneKT, B03HHKaioinHH npn oôpameHHH K KHHre

"03HMH", CBJOaH C MOTHBOM BOJIHbi: xapaKTepH3yiomHH n03THKy riOJIOHCKOrO

Booôme, OH c HCKJnoHHTenbHofi nonHOTOH npcacTaBJieH H B STOM côopHHKe B

CTHXOTBopeHHax "flßa >Kpe6Ha" (Benno-noeoü MCU3HU 3ciKunaem Bxpyz meön

luyMxuiax epjina), "B KOHqe copoKOBbix roaoB" (3noeeiuuù dbuu - npedmew 6ypu -

nena Yxce Kamwiacb no Mopio c eo/inoü), "My3biKa" {M ruibieym u pacmym smu

nydhbie 3eyKu! 3axeamwia MeHfi ux eonna... Tloànfinacb, noanxna), "B OTH, Kor^a Haa

coHHbiM MopeM..." (B omyMciHeHOM npocmope Ene deuMcemca eonna. - <...> 3ciKunum

eonna zpo3nee <...> M noMuumcn, rnonno e öumey Pa3bxpeHHbiü mnopoü Kom)

[IIOJIOHCKHH 1876: 10, 65, 162, 180] H up. 3 T O T "o6meno3THiecKHH" MOTHB

OKa3biBaeTca 3HanHM /uw no33HH MaH^enbuiTaivia Tpn/maTbix ro#OB H npeacTaB-

JieH, B HacTHOCTH. B H3BCCTHOM "3aHHHe": Ee^cum eonna-eonnoü, eonne xpeóem

noMan [III, 98], - HTO npeacTaBJineTca B03MO>KHbiM cooTHecra co CTHxoTBopeHHeM

riojioHCKoro "YTec": Bonnbi Muamcn, eonnbi ponuym, Bonnu, 3nncb, dpyz dpyza

momym [IIOJIOHCKHH 1876: 82]. B CBOK> onepe/Jtb, o6pa3 TonoTa no OTHOLUCHHIO K

Borne, MeTacJ)opHHecKH 03HanaiomeH \iy3biKy, noBTopaeTCH y nojiOHCKoro B

CTHXOTBopeHHH "J\sa >Kpe6HH "; cmpacmnoü My<3biKu eonna B monôme u monôme

cnbiiuna [IIOJIOHCKHH 1876: 10], - HTO HaxojHT H3BecTHoe cooTBeTCTBHe B MaH/rejib-

UJTaMOBCKHX napOHHMHHeCKHX KOHCTpyKUHaX, OCHOBaHHblX Ha COCHHHeHHH, BO-

nepBbix, o6pa30B noTa H TonoTa B "CTHxax o pyccKOH no33HHM, H, BO-BTopbix,

oopa30B ujonoTa, onbiTa H JieneTa B "BocbMHcrauiHax"; npn STOM BocbMoe H3 HHX

cojTepyKHT o6pa3: Aùn-Cocpun C ôecmicnennbw MHOotcecmeoM zna3 [III, 79], - H,

KpoMe Toro, nocpeACTBOM o6pa30B KJieHa u Kpana KoppennpyeT c TpeTbHM H3

"CTHXOB O pyccKOH no33HH". TaKHM o6pa30M, H 3Jj,ecb Ka>KeTca /jpnycraMbiM

roBopHTb o CBoeo6pa3HOH "c6opHOH HHTaTe" H3 "03HMeH", "npe#BocxHmaK>mefi"

HUH npoAyunpyroiueH "cöopHyio UHTaTy" H3 no33HH caMoro MannejibiiiTaMa. B

uejiOM "Ae o6a cjiynaa B nojiHOH Mepe fleMOHCTpnpyiOT MaH/rejibuiTaMOBCKoe

npejCTaBJieHHe, BO-nepBbix, 06 onpe/iejieHHOH KyjibTypHOH "TO>KjiecTBeHHOCTH"

pa3JIHHHbIX nOSTHHeCKHX MHpOB H. BO-BTOpbIX, O B03MO>KHOCTH HX CeMaHTHHeCKO-

ro ynjiOTHeHHH ;jo rpaHnu KHHrn, TeKCTa. HHTaTbi H, B KOHCHHOM cneTe, cjiOBa.

166