ESCUELA: CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACION MENCION INGLES

NOMBRES

EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

FECHA:

Lic. Alba Vargas Saritamaabvargas@utpl.edu.ec

ABRIL – AGOSTO 2009

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EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH IIFIRST BIMESTERWhat is our goal?

Identify and describe the major steps and components involved in a research.

Differentiate each one of the steps to design a research project

Select a topic and design a research project or proposal.

Didactic materials

Printed didactic materials Guide Technological didactic materials EVA e-mail videoconference telephone

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What is Research?

What is educational research?

Research Gay & Airasian (2003)

Cn

Research ----- way of finding out ANSWERS to ---Questions?????

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RESEARCH

Educational research

Systematic application of the scientific method

for addressing

Educational issues topics problems (phenomena) Information(general /specific conclusion or to

make predictions) 6

RESEARCH PROCESS: basic stepsGay & Anderson (2003)1.Recognize and identify a topic to study2.Describe and execute procedures to

collect information about the topic being studied

3.Analyze the collected data4.State the results or implication based

on analysis of the data.5.Write the report

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CHARACTERISTICS OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Attempts to solve a problem. Involves gathering new data from

primary or first-hand sources or using existing data

It is based upon accurate observable or empirical evidence.

Employs carefully designed procedures, methodologies and rigorous analysis.

Enhances knowledge and education

Objective ----validate procedures.

Recorded and reported 9

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Stage 1: Plan the research

Identification of the problem Is there a relationship between

language learning and culture? Do we have to include culture in

the English programs?

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The lack of awareness of cultural aspects, when learning to speak a foreign language, affects effective communication.

Why do students in our public schools fail to learn English?

How do adults learn a language?

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Start to plan the research proposal

Why do we need a research proposal or project?

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Project or Proposal

1. Title

2. Statement of the problem

3. Justification

4. Objectives

5. Hypotheses

6. Theoretical background or literature review

7. Methodology

8. Working calendar

9. Resources (budget)

10. References

14Alvear Jannett (2009))

1. The title/topic

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The title/topic

The name of the specific research problem or issue

Function: - To differentiate the proposal/

project from other ones.- To announce the content of the

proposal or project

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How to narrow a research topic?

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English language learning

English learning as a foreign language in Ecuador

Factors that influence on the learning of English as a foreign language in Ecuador

The influence of the native language on learning English in public high schools in the city of Quito

Narrow topic

English language learning

English learning as a foreign language in Ecuador

Factors that influence on the learning of English as a foreign language in Ecuador

The influence of the native language on learning English in public high schools in the city of Quito

Narrow topic

2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMCONTEXTUALIZATION

ACCESSING THE PROBLEM Description of the problem Description of the background of the

problem

- Explain

- Analyze

- Grounded in theory

- Narrow the topic 19

3.Justification

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Justification Reasons

Highlight the relevanceWho will benefit from the project?

Expectations in the society, institution, community …

Feasibility and possibilityTime and resources

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Why is the proposal important?

4. Objectives

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Objectives

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Aims or objectives the researcher attempts to achieve

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Examples

Determine the most common Spanish grammatical structures which interfere in the learning of English grammatical structures

Identify the level of influence of the native language on the verbal performance of speakers of English as a foreign language.

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5.Theoretical background or Literature review

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Definition

John Creswell (2008) “a written summary of journals articles, books and other documents that describes the past and current state of information; organizes the literature into topics; and documents a need for a proposal study”.

Document how your study adds to the existing information.

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StepsIdentify key terms

Locate different literature sources

Critically evaluate

Organize the literature

Write a literature review 28

Why literature review?

Know more about the topic Base the research on concepts Evidence How other researchers composed

their studies

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Important!!!!!

Follow a standard documentation style when citing sources and writing your bibliography Social sciences follow American Psychological Association (APA) standards Humanities follow Modern Language

Association (MLA) standards

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PlagiarismIs the unfair use of someone else's words or

ideas.

To avoid plagiarism you must Summarize, use quotations, and paraphrase the information that you take from other authors. That is, you must properly integrate and credit all quotes and paraphrases by citing authors or sources in paragraphs. In addition, you must include a reference list at the end of your written work. 31

Summarizing: express the main ideas into your own words

Quotation: “exact information, match the source document word for word and must be attributed to the original author” (author / year /page)

Paraphrasing: putting a passage from source material into your own words

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Examples of in-text citation: Cheung ( 2009) suggests that the Internet

is a useful research tool. Gao ( 2009) argues that the Internet is a

useful research tool. Naomi Klein (2000, p. 3) notes that some

management theorists suggest, “that successful corporations must primarily produce brands, as opposed to products”

Verbs: state, argue, reports, suggests, claims

Example (paraphrasing) McKay (2003) argues that culture influences

language teaching in two ways: linguistic and pedagogical. Linguistically, it affects the semantic, pragmatic, and discourse levels of the language. Pedagogically, it influences the choice of the language materials because cultural content of the language materials and the cultural basis of the teaching methodology are to be taken into consideration while deciding upon the language materials. For example, while some textbooks provide examples from the target culture, some others use source culture materials.

Bilal Genc & Erdogan Bada (2005) 34

6. Hypotheses

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Definition

A hypothesis is a tentative theory or

supposition provisionally stated by the

researcher to explain certain facts, and to

guide the investigation.

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Title of the Problem: The inappropriate use of supplementary

material for EFL teaching in high school students causes low achievement

Hypothesis: Teachers do not use supplementary material

considering the characteristics of students

Title of a Topic:Anglicisms in business signs banners

and builders(no hyphothesis) 37

Types of hyphotheses

Inductive hypotheses Inductive reasoning

Deductive Hypotheses deductive reasoning

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Examples

Variables:Dependent variable: low

achievement

Independent variable: Supplementary material

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INDICATORSMeasurable indicators provide a

basis for collecting evidence that is valid and reliable for the intended uses.

Example:- Teaching cards- Handouts

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7. Methodological design

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HOW THE RESEARCH WILL BE CONDUCTED?

Decide the Population or sample

Determine the methods

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Methodological design

Methods : Descriptive, deductive, bibliographical, comparative, historical etc.

Techniques: surveys, note-taking, interview

Instruments: direct observation, questionnaires, cards

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8. WORKING CALENDAR

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Working Calendar

The purpose is to help to : Organize activities Set time for each one of the

activities Plan the whole research Guide the researcher to meet

deadlines

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Working calendar

DATE ACTIVITIESApril 24 – May 26 Plan and write a research

proposal or projectMay 26 – June 30…

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Activities April May June JulyPlan and write a research proposal or project

Literature review

xx

xx

xx

xx

xx

xx

xx

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9. RESOURCES

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RESOURCES

List of human resources List of material resources Budget (financial sources)

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10. References or bibliography

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Include all the sources reviewed

Books Journals Magazines Electronic sources, etc

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Suggestions forREFERENCE/BIBLIOGRAPHY

Use the style adopted by the institution or the APA style which is internationally approved.

Write the references in alphabetical order

Be careful, the information must come from a reliable source.

Use updated bibliography (5 years )53

Example

- Belenky, M.F (1986). A woman´s way of knowing: The development of self, voice and mind. New York: Basic Books.

- Schulz, R. (2001). Cultural differences in student and teacher perceptions concerning the role of grammar instruction. The Modern Language Journal, 85, 244–58.

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Stage 2: research (field research)

Stage 3: Write and organize your research report

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Stage 2: research (field

QUESTIONS?????

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THANKS

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