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UTICOM SYSTEMS INC. Located outside of Philadelphia, PA.

- Serving clients throughout North America.

Started in 1987, Uticom has over 20 years of utility graphics experience.109 Independence WayCoatesville, PA 19320-1654Phone: 610-857-2655Fax: 610-857-2986www.uticom.net

Uticom designs, engineers, and manufactures

graphics for harsh environments. GRAPHICS FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTS

Theoretical Ink DepositWHERE: w = mesh aperture (opening/microns)d = diameter (microns)D = cloth thickness (microns)D1 = ink thickness (microns) at initial depositD2 = ink deposit (microns) after flowout

Saati, Majestech Division, The Complete Screen-Making Package, page 16.2

Saati, Majestech Division, The Complete Screen-Making Package, page 10 & 11.

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420 mesh158 meshSaati, Majestech Division, The Complete Screen-Making Package, page 10 & 11.

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Thin ink depositThick ink depositUticom uses automotive grade pigmented ink and a technology to create a thick ink deposit. The thicker a quality ink deposit, the longer it takes for the sun to cause fading.Ink Deposits

Safety Red

Safety Orange

Safety Blue

Safety Green

Safety YellowCurrent Standards6

Annex C(informative)Previous Formats for Signal Word PanelsThe following formats for signal word panels were used in earlier editions of this standard and were included as an alternate to the preferred panel format in the 1998 Edition. They are not included in this edition of the standard. Existing signs, in use or already manufactured that use the older format may continue to be used.Current Standards

ANSI Z535.2-2007, page 30.

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Risk Estimation and Signal word SelectionDefinitions Accident: An incident that results in unintended harm. Harm: Death, injury, or property damage. Hazard: A potential source of harm Incident: an unintentional and undesired event that has the potential to cause harm. Risk: A combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm.Hazardous situation

Safety messages provide instructions, explicit or implicit, regarding how to avoid hazardous situations. In order to select the appropriate signal word, risk must be estimated for the particular hazardous situation or situations.

Note that, for the purposes of signal word selection, it does not matter why a safety message might not be followed (e.g., failure to read the message, conscious decision to ignore the message); the hazardous situation associated with a message is the same, regardless of why the message is not followed.

When a safety message addresses more than one hazardous situation, the risk associated with each hazardous situation should be estimated. In these cases, the signal word corresponding to the greatest risk level is used.Figure 1 - Model of Events Resulting from a Hazardous SituationThe hazardous situation (i.e., the result of not following a safety message) either results in an accident (i.e., harm occurs) or in no accident (i.e., either no incident occurs, or the incident does not result in harm). If an accident occurs, it results in harm. The harm can be classified by severity, from property damage to death or serious injury.Current StandardsRisk Estimation and Signal word SelectionSeverityClassification of severity of harmAs shown in the model above, there are three classifications for severity of harm that are used in selecting signal wordsDeath or serious injury: Injury to humans that is more severe than minor or moderate injury. Harm classified as death or serious injury may also include property damage, or moderate or minor injuries that occur as a result of the same event.Serious injuries typically have one or more of the following characteristics: results in permanent loss of function or significant disfigurement requires substantial and prolonged medical treatment involves long perious of disability involves considerable pain and suffering over long periods of timeWorst Credible Severity of HarmOnce the worst credible human harm has been identified, it should be classified by severity (i.e., propety damage only, minor or moderate injury, or death or serious injury). This category is the worst credible severity of harm for a particular hazardous situation.A hazardous situation can result in a variety of outcomes, each with varying likelihood. When selecting a signal word, it is necessary to determine the worst credible harm that can result from a hazardous situation. Only outcomes that are credible possibilities should be considered.Signal word selectionA signal word is selected according to the risk of harm presented by the hazardous situation that the safety message addresses. That is, signal word selection is based on the risk posed if the safety message is not followed.The risk is determined based on worst credible severity of harm if an accident occurs probability of an accident if the hazardous situation occurs (i.e., if the safety message is not followed) probability of the worst credible severity of harm occurringSignal Word Selection MatricesThe following matrices show the signal words, colors, and presence or absence of a safety alert symbol that are assigned for each combination of accident probability, worst credible harm, and probability of worst credible harm.Current Standards

Probability of Death or Serious Injury if Accident OccursProbability of Accident if Hazardous Situation is not AvoidedWillCouldCouldWillIf Worst Credible Severity of Harm is Death or Serious Injury

For all probabilities:For all probabilities:If Worst Credible Severity of Harm is Moderate or Minor InjuryIf Worst Credible Severity of Harm is Property DamageRisk Estimation and Signal word SelectionSignal word selection Process

Current Standards

ANSI Z535.22007 Environmental & Facility SignsCurrent Standards4.11.1 DANGER: Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury. This signal word is to be limited to the most extreme situations.4.11.2 WARNING: Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.4.11.3 CAUTION: Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury. It may also be used without the safety alert symbol as an alternative to NOTICE.4.11.4 NOTICE: NOTICE is the preferred signal word to address practices not related to personal injury. The saftey alert symbol shall not be used with this signal word. As an alternative to NOTICE the word CAUTION without the saftey alert symbol may be used to indicate a message not related to personal injury.

ANSI Z535.2-2007, page 5-6.11

ANSI Z535.22007 Environmental & Facility SignsCurrent StandardsANSI Z535.2-2007, page 12.

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GRAPHICS FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTS

ANSI Z535.2 2007 Environmental & Facility SignsCurrent StandardsANSI Z535.2-2007, page 27.

13United States Sign Council (USSC)USSC On-Premise Signs/Best Practices StandardsGRAPHICS FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTS

ANSI Z535.2-2007, page 27.

14United States Sign Council (USSC)USSC On-Premise Signs/Best Practices StandardsGRAPHICS FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTSArea of Sign Equation/Broad Usage

To allow for a broader scientific evaluation of sign size and satisfy the minimal legibility requirements across a full range of reaction times and speed zones, USSC has developed a second equation. This formula fixes the average sign size determinants, leaving only Viewer Reaction Time (VRT) and the speed of travel (MPH) as the sole variables. It can be used to ascertain the general size of signs necessary to adequately and safely convey roadside information to motorists traveling at a given rate of speed as well as to establish size parameters for signs across an entire community and/or road system. Table 5 below provides some examples of the use of the equation.Asign = [(VRT)(MPH)]2800MPHVRT (seconds)Sign Size (Square Feet)1.56254.781253.12541.56256.2543.12512.546.2525412.54043255460.5

Current Standards

ANSI Z535.2-2007, page 27.

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GRAPHICS FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTS

Current Standards

ANSI Z535.2-2007, page 21.

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GRAPHICS FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTS

Current Standards

ANSI Z535.2-2007, page 22.

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GRAPHICS FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTS

Current StandardsANSI Z535.2-2007, page 24.

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A5.3.1 Stationary, free-standing human figureThe symbol for the human figure is modified when the person is depicted in a stationary, free-standing position (viewed from the front or rear).Current StandardsANSI Z535.3-2007, page 15.

19GRAPHICS FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTSANSI Z535.3 2007 Criteria for Safety Symbols

Current StandardsANSI Z535.3-2007, page 15.

20GRAPHICS FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTSANSI Z535.3 2007 Criteria for Safety Symbols

Current Standards

ANSI Z535.3-2007, page 17.

21GRAPHICS FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTSANSI Z535.3 2007 Criteria for Safety Symbols

Current StandardsANSI Approved Pictograms

ANSI Z535.3-2007, page 40.

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Mr. Ouch has been replaced.

NEMA 260, page 4. (Mr. Ouch)23

NESC page 65124GRAPHICS FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTS

Substation Fence Sign SpacingNESC page 66325GRAPHICS FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTS

Cliffnotes, page 126GRAPHICS FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTS

Building a Sign / LabelThe primary purpose of the ANSI Standard is to provide an effective means of communicating information concerning environmental hazards to the observer, so that injury resulting from the hazard(s) can be avoided.

At what distance do you need the message to be seen?

Signal Word

Message panelLeft justified, Sans Serif type, 1:6 to 1:8 ratiosEmergency information:1) Whats the Hazard? (Hazardous voltage)2) How to avoid the hazard (Keep away, Keep out)3) Consequences of not avoiding the hazard (Can/Will shock, burn, or cause death)

Safety Symbols

Spacing: 2x to 3x viewing distance for substation fences.Cliffnotes, page 2

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GRAPHICS FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTS

ANSI Approved Templates for Substations

Cliffnotes, page 3

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Cliffnotes, page 4

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Substation Bilingual Signs Fence ExteriorANSI does not require different languages.

U1824WA-ES30

Substation Bilingual sings interior structures/equipmentANSI does not require different languages.

DP-ES-12331

Bilingual Padmount LabelExteriorANSI does not require different languages

U7510WWN-ES-132

2.1 ScopeSafety tags shall be used to identify a temporary hazard. They shall be used only until such time as the identified hazard is eliminated or the hazardous operation is completed.Current StandardsGRAPHICS FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTS

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GRAPHICS FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTS

GRAPHICS FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTS

GRAPHICS FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTS

GRAPHICS FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTS

Questions?