ust labor relations- golden notes 2011
TRANSCRIPT
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LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM128
G.LABORRELATIONSLAW
1.RIGHTTOSELFORGANIZATION
a.Whomayunionizeforpurposesofcollective
bargaining
Q:
What
is
the
extent
of
the
right
to
self
organization?
A: Itincludestheright:
1. To form, join and assist labor
organizations for the purpose of
collective bargaining (CB) through
representatives of their own
choosing;and
2. To engage in lawful and concerted
activitiesforthepurposeofCBorfor
theirmutualaidandprotection.(Art.
246)
Q: Who are the persons/Ees eligible to join a
labororganization(LO)forpurposesofCB?
A:Theentitiescoveredareallpersonsemployedin:
1. Commercial industrial, and agricultural
enterprises;and
2. In religious, charitable, medical or
educational institutions whether
operatingforprofitornot. (Art.243)
Q: Who are the persons/Ees eligible tojoin a
labororganizationformutualaidandprotection?
A:Thefollowingenjoytherighttoselforganization
formutualaidandprotection:
1. Ambulantworkers
2. Intermittentworkers
3. Itinerantworkers
4. Selfemployedpeople
5. Ruralworkers
6. Those without and definite Ers. (Art.
243)
Q: Whoarethepersons/Eesnotgrantedtheright
toselforganization:
A:
1. High level or Managerial Government
Ees. (Sec.3,E.O.180)
2. Ees of International organizations with
immunities. (ICMC v. Calleja, G.R. No.
85750,Sep.28,1990)
3. ManagerialEmployees. (Art.212ofLC)
4. Membersof theAFP including thepolice
officers, policemen, firemen, and jail
guards. (Sec.4,E.O.180)
5. Confidential Employees. (Metrolab
Industries Inc. v. Confesor, G.R. No.
108855,Feb.28,1996)
6. Employees of cooperatives who are its
members. (BenguetElec.
Coop.
v.
Ferrer
Calleja, G.R. No. 79025, Dec. 29, 1989);
However they may form workers
association. (NEECOEesAssoc.v.NLRC,
G.R.No.16066,Jan.24,2000)
7. NonEes. (RosarioBros.v.Ople,G.R.No.
L5390,July31,1984)
8. GovtEes, includingGOCCswithoriginal
charters. (Arizalav.CA,G.R.Nos.43633
34,Sep.14,1990)
9. Alienswithout a validworkingpermitor
aliens with working permits but are
nationalsofacountrywhichdonotallow
Filipinos to exercise their right of self
organization and to join or assist labor
organizations. (Art.269ofLC;D.O.No.9
[1997],RuleII,Sec.2)
b.BargainingUnit
Q: Whatisabargainingunit?
A: ItisagroupofEesofagivenEr,comprisedofall
orlessthanalloftheentirebodyoftheEeswhich
thecollectiveinterestofalltheEesconsistentwith
equitytotheemployer,indicatetobebestsuitedto
servethereciprocalrightsanddutiesoftheparties
under the collective bargaining provisions of the
law.
Q: Whatisanappropriatebargainingunit?
A: 1. Agroupofemployees(Ees)
2. Ofagivenemployer
3. Comprised of all or less than all of the
entirebodyofEes
4. WhichthecollectiveinterestofalltheEes
consistentwithequitytotheEr
5. Indicate to be best suited to serve the
reciprocalrightsanddutiesoftheparties
underthecollectivebargainingprovisions
ofthelaw.
(1)Testtodeterminetheconstituencyofan
appropriatebargainingunit
Q:Whatarethefactorsconsideredindetermining
theappropriatenessofabargainingunit?
A:
1. WilloftheEes. (GlobeDoctrine)
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UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
F a c u l t a d d e D e r e c h o i v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATION ANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC. LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
2. AffinityandunityoftheEesinterest,such
as substantial similarity of work and
duties,or similarityofcompensationand
working conditions. (Substantial Mutual
InterestRule)
3. Priorcollectivebargaininghistory
4. Similarityofemploymentstatus. (SMCv.
Laguesma,G.R.
No.
100485,
Sep.
21,
1994)
Q: Whatarethefactorsconsideredindetermining
thesubstantialmutualinterestdoctrine?
A: 1. Similarity in the scale and manner of
determiningearnings
2.
Similarity in employment benefits, hours
ofwork,andother termsand conditions
ofemployment
3. Similarityinthekindsofworkperformed
4. Similarity in the qualifications, skills and
trainingofEes
5.
Frequency
of
contract
or
interchange
amongtheEes
6. Geographicalproximity
7. Continuity and integration of production
processes
8. Common supervision and determination
oflaborrelationspolicy
9. HistoryofCB
10. DesiresoftheaffectedEesor
11. Extentofunionorganization
Q: AregisteredlaborunioninUP,ONAPUP,fileda
petition forcertificationelection(PCE)amongthe
nonacademicEes. Theuniversitydidnotoppose,
however,another
labor
union,
the
All
UP
Workers
Union assents that it represents both academic
andnonacademicpersonnelandseekstouniteall
workers in 1 union. Do Ees performing academic
functions need to comprise a bargaining unit
distinctfromthatofthenonacademicEes?
A: Yes. The mutuality of interest test should be
taken intoconsideration. Therearetwoclassesof
rankandfileEesintheuniversitythatis,thosewho
performacademicfunctionssuchastheprofessors
andinstructors,andthosewhosefunctionarenon
academicwhoare thejanitors,messengers, clerks
etc.Thus,notmuchreflectionisneededtoperceive
thatthe
mutuality
of
interest
which
justifies
the
formation of a single bargaining unit is lacking
between the two classes of Ees. (U.P. v. Ferrer
Calleja,G.R.No.96189,July14,1992)
Q: Isthebargaininghistoryadecisivefactorinthe
determination of appropriateness of bargaining
unit?
A: No.Whiletheexistenceofabargaininghistoryis
afactorthatmaybereckonedwith indetermining
the appropriate bargaining unit, the same is not
decisive or conclusive. Other factors must be
considered. The test of grouping is community or
mutualityof interests.This is sobecause thebasic
testofanassertedbargainingunitsacceptabilityis
whetheror
not
it
is
fundamentally
the
combination
whichwillbestassuretoallEestheexerciseoftheir
CB rights. (Democratic Labor Assn v. Cebu
StevedoringCompany, Inc.,G.R.No. L10321, Feb.
28,1958)
Q: Whatisoneunion,onecompanypolicy?
A: GR: ItistheproliferationofunionsinanErunit.
Suchisdiscouragedasamatterofpolicyunless
therearecompellingreasonswhichwoulddeny
a certain class of Ees to the right to self
organization for purposes of collective
bargaining(CB).
XPNs:
1. SupervisoryEeswhoareallowedtoform
their own unions apart from the rank
andfileEesand
2.
ThepolicyshouldyieldtotherightofEes
to form union for purposes not contrary
tolaw,selforganizationandtoenterinto
CBnegotiations.
Note:Twocompaniescannotbetreated intoasingle
bargaininguniteveniftheirbusinessesarerelated.
Subsidiaries or corporations formed out of former
divisions
of
a
mother
company
following
a
reorganization may constitute a separate bargaining
unit.
Q: UnionfiledaPCEamongtherankandfileEes
of three security agencies including the Veterans
Security.Thelatteropposedallegingthatthethree
security agencies have separate and distinct
corporatepersonalities.MayasinglePCEfiledbya
labor union in the three corporations instead of
filing3separatepetitions?
A: Yes. The following are indications that the 3
agencies do not exist and operate separately and
distinctlyfrom
each
other
with
different
corporate
direction and goals: 1) Veterans Security failed to
rebut the fact that theyaremanaged through the
Utilities Management Corp with all their Ees
drawing their salaries and wages from the said
entity; 2) that the agencies have common and
interlocking incorporatorsandofficers;3)thatthey
haveasinglemutualbenefitsystemandfolloweda
single system of compulsory retirement. 4) they
couldeasily transfersecurityguardsofoneagency
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LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM130
to another and back again by simply fillingup a
common proforma slip; 5) they always holdjoint
yearlyceremoniessuchas thePGAAnnualAwards
Ceremony;and6)theycontinuetoberepresented
byonecounsel.
Hence, the veil of corporate fiction of the 3
agencies should be lifted for the purpose ofallowing the Ees of the 3 agencies to form single
union. Asasinglebargainingunit,theEesneednot
file 3 separate PCE. (Philippine Scout Veterans
Security and InvestigationAgency v. SLE, G.R.No.
92357,July21,1993)
(2)VoluntaryRecognition
Q: What are the 3 methods of determining the
bargainingrepresentative?
A:
1. Voluntaryrecognition
2. Certificationelectionwithorwithoutrunoff
3. Consentelection
Q: Whatisvoluntaryrecognition(VR)?
A:Theprocessbywhicha legitimatelaborunionis
recognized by the employer (Er) as the exclusive
bargaining representative or agent in a bargaining
unit, reported with the Regional Office. (Sec. 1
[bbb],RuleI,BookV,IRR)
Q:WhataretherequirementsforVR?
A:
The
notice
of
VR
shall
be
accompanied
by
the
originalcopyand2duplicatecopiesofthefollowing
reqts:
1. JointstatementunderoathofVR
2. Certificate of posting ofjoint statement
for 15 consecutive days in at least 2
conspicuous places in the establishment
ofthebargainingunit
3. Certificateofposting
4. Approximate number of Ees in the
bargaining
unit
and
the
names
of
those
whosupportedtherecognition
5. Statementthatthelaborunionistheonly
LLOoperatingwithinthebargainingunit.
Note: Where the notice of voluntary recognition is
sufficient in form, number and substance and where
thereisnoregisteredlaborunionoperatingwithinthe
bargaining unit concerned, the Regional Office,
through the Labor Relations Division shall, within 10
daysfromreceiptofthenotice,recordthefactofVRin
its roster of legitimate labor unions and notify the
laborunionconcerned.
Q: Whatarethethree(3)conditionstovoluntary
recognition(VR)?
A: VRrequires3concurrentconditions:
1. VR is possible only in an unorganized
establishment.
2. Onlyoneunionmustaskforrecognition.If
there 2 or more unions asking to be
recognized, the Er cannot recognize any
of them; the rivalry must be resolved
throughanelection.
3.
The
union
voluntarily
recognized
should
bethemajorityunionasindicatedbythe
fact thatmembersof thebargainingunit
did not object to the projected
recognition. Ifnoobjection is raised, the
recognitionwillproceed,theDOLEwillbe
informed and CBA recognition will
commence. If objection is raised, the
recognition is barred and a certification
election or consent election will have to
takeplace.
Note: In an organized establishment, voluntary
recognitionisnotpossible.ApetitiontoholdaCEhas
to
be
filed
within
the
freedom
period
which
means
the
last60daysof the5th yearof theexpiringCBA.The
petition may be filed by any Legitimate Labor
Organization(LLO),butthepetitionmusthavewritten
support of at least 25% of the Ees in the bargaining
unit.
Q:WhereandwhentofilethepetitionforVR?
A: Within 30 days from such recognition, Er shall
submit a notice of VR with the Regional Office
which issued the recognized labor unions
certificate of registration or certificate of creation
ofacharteredlocal.
Q:
What
are
the
effects
of
recording
of
fact
of
voluntaryrecognition(VR)?
A:
1. The recognized labor union shall enjoy
therights,privilegesandobligationsofan
existing bargaining agent of all the
employees(Ees)inthebargainingunit.
2. Itshallalsobarthefilingofapetitionfor
certification election by any labor
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LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM132
2. Anationalunionor federationwhichhas
already issued a charter certificate to its
localchapterparticipatingintheCE
3. A local chapter whichhas been issued a
chartercertificate
4. An Er only when requested to bargain
collectively inabargainingunitwhereno
registered CBA exists. (Sec.1,
Rule
VIII,
BookV,IRRasamendedbyD.O.40F03)
Note:Anationalunionorfederationfilingapetitionin
behalf of its local/chapter shall not be required to
disclose thenamesof the local/chaptersofficersand
members,but shallattach to thepetition thecharter
certificate it issued to its local/chapter. (Sec. 1, Rule
VIII,BookV,IRRasamendedbyD.O.40F03)
Q:Mayanemployee intervene inthepetitionfor
certificationelection(PCE)?
A: Yes, for thepurposeofprotectinghis individual
right. (Sec.1,
Rule
VIII,
Book
V,
IRR
as
amended
by
D.O.4003)
Q:WhereisPCEfiled?
A: It shall be filed with the Regional Office which
issued the petitioning union's certificate of
registration/certificate of creation of chartered
local.(ImplementingRules,asamendedbyD.O.40
03)
Q:WhoshallhearandresolvethePCE?
A:TheMediatorArbiter.
Q:WhentofilePCE?
A: The proper time to file the PCE depends on
whethertheCertifiedBargainingUnithasaCBAor
not:
1. If ithasnoCBA,thepetitionmaybefiled
anytime outside the 12month bar
(certificationyear).
2. IfithasCBA,itcanbefiledonlywithinthe
last60daysofthe5thyearoftheCBA.
Note:At theexpirationofthefreedomperiod,theEr
shallcontinue to recognize themajority statusof theincumbentbargainingagentwherenoPCEisfiled.
Q: Distinguish union election from certification
election.
A:
UNIONELECTION CERTIFICATIONELECTION
Heldpursuanttothe
unionsconstitutionand
Theprocessisordered
andsupervisedbyDOLE
bylaws
Righttovoteisenjoyed
onlybyunionmembers
AllEeswhetherunionor
nonunionmemberswho
belongtotheappropriate
bargainingunitcanvote
Winnersofunionelectionbecomeofficersand
representativesofthe
uniononly
ThewinnerinaCEisan
entity,aunion,which
becomestherepresentativeofthe
wholebargainingunit
thatincludeseventhe
membersofthedefeated
unions.
Note: Both in CE and union election, the prescribed
proceduresshouldbefollowed.
Q:Cana"nounion"wininacertificationElection
(CE)?
A:Yes.BecausetheobjectiveinaCEistoascertain
the majority representation of the bargaining
representative, iftheEesdesiretoberepresented
at all by anyone. Hence, no union is one of the
choicesinaCE.(2006BarQuestion)
AlternativeAnswer:
No.AnounioncannotwininaCE.Thepurposeofa
CE is to select anexcusivebargaining agentand a
nounionvotewouldpreciselymeanthatthevoter
isnotchoosinganyofthecontendingunions.Ifthe
nounion votes constitute a majority of the valid
votescast, thisfactwillall themoremeanthatno
unionwon inCE.Aoneyearbarwillconsequently
stop theholdingof anotherCE to allow theEr to
enjoyindustrialpeaceforatleastoneyear.
Q: In what instance may a PCE be filed outside
the freedom period of acurrentCBA?
A: As a general rule, in an establishment where
there is aCBA in force and effect, a PCE may be
filed only during the freedomperiodofsuchCBA.
But tohave thateffect, theCBAshouldhavebeen
filedandregisteredwiththeDOLE.(Art.231,253A
and256,LC).(1997BarQuestion)
Thus,aCBAthathasnotbeenfiledandregistered
with theDOLE cannotbeabar toaCE and such
electioncanbeheldoutsidethefreedomperiodofsuchCBA.
AlternativeAnswer:
APCEmaybefiledoutsidethefreedom period of
a current CBA ifsuchCBA isanewCBAthathas
been prematurely entered into, meaning, it was
entered into before the expiry date of the old
CBA. The filing of the PCE shall be within the
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133
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
F a c u l t a d d e D e r e c h o i v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATION ANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC. LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
freedomperiodoftheoldCBAwhichisoutsidethe
freedom period of the new CBA that had been
prematurelyenteredinto.
Q: Are probationary employees (Ees) entitled to
voteinaCE?Why?
A:
Yes,
in
a
CE,
all
rankand
file
Ees
in
the
appropriate bargaining unit (ABU) are entitled to
vote. This principle is clearly stated inArt.255of
the LC which states that the "labor organization
designatedorselectedbythemajorityoftheEesin
such unit shall be the exclusive representative of
the Ees in such unit for the purpose of collective
bargaining(CB)."
CB covers all aspects of the employment relation
and the resultant CBA negotiated by the certified
unionbindsallEesinthebargainingunit.Hence,all
rank andfileEes,probationaryorpermanent,have
a substantial interest in the selection of the
bargaining
representative.
The
LC
makes
no
distinctionas to theiremployment status as basis
for eligibility to vote in the petition for CE. The
law refers to "all" the Ees in the bargaining unit.
All they need to be eligible to vote is to belong
to the "bargaining unit" (AirtimeSpecialists,Inc.v.
FerrerCalleja, G.R. No. 8061216, Dec. 29, 1989).
(1999BarQuestion)
Q:Whatisdirectcertification?
A: It is the process whereby the MedArbiter
directly certifies a labor organization of an
appropriate bargaining unit (ABU) of a company
afterashowing
that
such
petition
is
supported
by
atleastamajorityoftheEesinthebargainingunit.
Q: Does the failure of SAMAFIL (an independent
union) to prove its affiliation with NAFLUKMU
federation affect its right to file a PCE as an
independentunion?
A: No,asaLLO, ithastherighttofileaPCEon its
own beyond question. Its failure to prove its
affiliation with the NAFLUKMU cannot affect its
right to file said PCE as an independent union. At
the most, its failure will result in an ineffective
affiliationwithNAFLUKMU. Despiteaffiliation,the
localunion
remains
the
basic
unit
free
to
serve
the
common interestofall itsmembersandpursue its
own interests independently of the federation.
(Samahan ng mgaManggagawa sa Filsystems v.
SLE,G.R.No.128067,June5,1998)
Q: May illegally dismissed Ees of the company
participateinthecertificationelection(CE)?
A: Yes, it is now wellsettled that Ees who have
been improperly laid off but who have at present
an unabandoned right to or expectation of re
employment,areeligibletovoteinCEs. Thus,and
to repeat, if the dismissal is underquestion, as in
the case now at bar whereby a case of illegal
dismissaland/orULPwas filed,theEesconcerned
couldstill
qualify
to
vote
in
the
elections.
(Phil.
Fruits & Vegetables Industries v. Torres, G.R. No.
92391,July3,1992)
Q:Isdirectcertification(DC)stillallowed?
A: No. Even in a case where a union has filed a
petition for CE, the mere fact that there was no
opposition does not warrant a DC. More so in a
casewhentherequiredproofisnotpresentedinan
appropriateproceeding and the basisof theDC is
theunionsselfservingassertion that itenjoysthe
support of the majority of the Ees, without
subjecting suchassertion to the testof competing
claims.(Samahang
Manggagawa
sa
Permex
v.
Secretary,G.R.No.107792,Mar.2,1998)
Q:WhatarethegroundsfordenyingthePCE?
A:
1.
Thepetitioningunionorfederation isnot
listed in theDOLEsregistryof legitimate
labor unions or that its registration
certificate legal personality has been
revokedorcancelledwithfinality
2.
Failure of a local chapter or national
union/federation to submitaduly issued
charter certificate upon filing of the
petition
3. Thepetitionwasfiledbeforeorafterthe
FREEDOM PERIOD of a duly registered
CBA; provided that the 60day period
based on the original CBA shall not be
affectedbyanyamendment,extensionor
renewaloftheCBA;(contractbarrule)
4. Thepetitionwas filedwithin1year from
entry of voluntary recognition or within
thesameperiodfromavalidcertification,
consentorrunoffelectionandnoappeal
ontheresultsofthecertification,consent
or runoffelection ispending; (12month
bar;certificationyearbarrule)
5.
Aduly
certified
union
has
commenced
andsustainednegotiationswith theEr in
accordancewithArt.250oftheLCwithin
the1yearperiod.(negotiationbarrule)
6. Thereexistsabargainingdeadlockwhich
had been submitted to conciliation or
arbitrationorhadbecome thesubjectof
avalidnoticeofstrikeorlockouttowhich
an incumbent or certified bargaining
agentisaparty.(deadlockbarrule)
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MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM134
7. In case of an organized establishment,
failure to submit the 25% support reqt
forthefilingofthePCE.
8. Nonappearance of the petitioner for 2
consecutive scheduled conferences
before the medarbiter despite due
notice,and
9. AbsenceofErEerelationshipbetweenallthemembersofthepetitioningunionand
the owner of the establishment where
theproposedbargainingunit issoughtto
berepresented.(Sec.14[a],RuleVIII,Book
V,IRR,asamendedbyD.O.40F03)
Q: What is a prohibited ground for the
denial/suspension of the petition for certification
election?
A: The inclusionasunionmembersofEesoutside
the bargaining unit. Said Ees are automatically
deemed removed from the list of membership of
saidunions.
Q: Does the filing of a petition to cancel the
petitioners registration cause the suspension or
dismissalofthepetitionforcertificationelection?
A:No.ToserveasagroundfordismissalofaPCE,
the legalpersonalityof thepetitionershouldhave
beenrevokedorcancelledwithfinality.
Q: UNIDAD, a labor organization claiming to
represent the majority of the rank and file
workers of BAGSAK Toyo Manufacturing Corp.
(BMTC), filed a petition for CE during the
freedom
period
obtaining
in
said
corp.
Despite the opposition thereto by SIGAW
Federation on the ground that UNIDAD was not
possessed with all the attributes of a duly
registeredunion,theMedArbiter issuedanorder
calling for a CE on July 25, 2001. This order was
promulgated and served on the parties on July
12, 2001. On July 14, 2001, UNIDAD submitted
and served the required documents for its
registration as an independent union, which
documentswereapprovedbytheDOLEonJuly15,
2001.
During the elections, UNIDAD won over SIGAW.
SIGAW
questioned
UNIDAD's
victory
on
the
ground that UNIDAD was not a duly registered
union when it filed the petition for a CE. Shall
SIGAWscaseprosperornot?Why?
A: No, SIGAW's case will not prosper. The
application of technicalities of procedural reqts
in CE disputes will serve no lawful objective or
purpose. It is a statutory policy that no obstacles
shouldbeplacedontheholdingofaCE,(Samahang
ng Manggagawa sa Pacific Plastic vs. Laguesma,
G.R.No.111245,Jan.31,1997)andthatthe law is
indisputablypartialtotheholdingofaCE.(Western
Agusanvs.TrajanoG.R.No.65833,May6,1991)
At any rate,UNIDAD completed all the reqts for
union registrationon July14,2001,andlegitimate
unionstatuswasaccordedon July15,2000,oratleast10daysbeforethescheduleddateforholding
theCE.(2001BarQuestion)
Q:Whatismeantbycontractbarrule?
A: Contractbar rulemeans thatwhile a valid and
registeredCBA issubsisting,theBLR isnotallowed
toholdanelectioncontestingthemajoritystatusof
the incumbent union except during the 60day
period immediately prior to its expiration, which
periodiscalledthefreedomperiod.
Note: Intheabsenceofsuchtimelynoticeorfilingof
petition, the contract executed during the automaticrenewalperiodisabartoCE.
There shall be no amendment, alteration, or
terminationofanyoftheprovisionsoftheCBAexcept
togivenoticeofonepartysintentiontoamend,alter
and terminate the provisions within the freedom
period.
Q: What are the requirements in order to invoke
thecontractbarrule?
A:TheexistingCBAmust:
1. Beinwritingandsignedbyallcontracting
parties2. Contain the terms and conditions of
employment
3. Cover employees in an appropriate
bargainingunit
4. Beforareasonableperiodorduration
5. Beratified
6. BeregisteredwiththeBLR;and
7. The violation of the contract bar rule or
the existence of a duly registered CBA
mustbespeciallypleadedasadefense.
Q:Whatistheeffectofaninvalidorunregistered
CBA?
A: There is no bar and therefore a certification
electionmaybeheld.
Note: Registration of CBA only puts into effect the
contractbarrulebuttheCBAitselfisvalidandbinding
evenifunregistered.
Q: What are the exceptions to the contract bar
rule?
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135
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
F a c u l t a d d e D e r e c h o i v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATION ANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC. LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
A:
1. TheCBAisunregistered
2. TheCBAisinadequateandincomplete
3.
The CBA was hastily entered into
(Doctrineofprematureextension)
4. Withdrawal of affiliation from the
contracting union brought about by
schismor
mass
disaffiliation
5.
Contract where the identity of the
representative is indoubt. (ALUv.Ferrer
Calleja,G.R.No.85085,Nov.6,1989)
6.
CBAenteredintobetweentheErandthe
union during the pendency of a petition
for CE (Vassar Industries Ees Union v.
Estrella,G.R.No.L46562,Mar.31,1978)
7.
CBA conducted between the Er and the
unionisnotbartoacertificationelection
filedby another unionand saidCBA can
berenegotiatedattheoptionofthenew
bargainingagent.(ATUv.Hon.Noriel,G.R.
No.L48367,Jan.16,1979)
8.
ACBA
registered
with
falsified
supporting
documents
9. CBA was concluded in violation of an
orderenjoiningthepartiesfromentering
into a CBA until the issue of
representationisresolved
10. Petition is filed during the 60day
freedomperiod.
Note:Basictothecontractbarrule istheproposition
thatthedelayoftherighttoselectrepresentativescan
bejustifiedonlywherestabilityisdeemedparamount.
Excepted from thecontractbar rulearecertain types
of contracts which do not foster industrial stability,
such
as
contracts
where
the
identity
of
the
representative is indoubt. Anystabilityderivedfrom
such contracts must be subordinated to the Ees
freedom of choice because it does not establish the
type of industrial peace contemplated by law.
(Firestone Tire & Rubber Company Ees Union v.
Estrella,G.R.No.L4551314,Jan.6,1978)
Q: Can the BLR certify a union as the exclusive
bargaining representative after showing proof of
majority representation thru union membership
cardswithoutconductinganelection?
A:No.The LC (InArts.256,257and258)provides
only
for
a
CE
as
the
mode
for
determining
the exclusive collectivebargaining representative
if there is a question of representation in an
appropriatebargainingunit.(1998BarQuestion)
Q:Whendoesdeadlockarise?
A: It arises when there is an impasse, which
presupposes reasonable effort at good faith
bargainingwhich,despitenoble intentions,didnot
concludeinanagreementbetweentheparties.
Q:Whatisdeadlockbarrule?
A:Apetitionforcertificationelection(PCE)cannot
be entertained if, before the filing of the PCE, a
bargainingdeadlock
to
which
an
incumbent
or
certified bargaining agent is a party, had been
submitted to conciliation or arbitration or had
becomethesubject ofavalidstrikeorlockout.
Q: What are the indications of a genuine
deadlock?
A:
1. Thesubmissionofthedeadlocktoathird
partyconciliatororarbitrator;and
2. The deadlock is the subject of a valid
noticestrikeorlockout.
Q:Capitol
Medical
Center
Ees
Association
Alliance
ofFilipinoWorkers(CMCEAAFW)emergedasthe
certifiedrepresentativeoftherankandfileEesat
Capitol Medical Center (CMC). Due to CMCs
refusaltobargaincollectively,CMCEAAFWfileda
noticeofstrikeandlateronstagedthestrikeafter
complying with the other legal reqts. The SLE
assumedjurisdiction over the case and issued an
order certifying the same to the NLRC for
compulsoryarbitration.Duringalloftheseevents
Capitol Medical Center Alliance of Concerned
employees (Ees)Unified Filipino Service Workers
filedapetitionforCEamongtheregularrankand
fileEesofCMC. ThepetitionforCEwasdismissed
and
the
CMC
was
directed
to
negotiate
with
CMCEAAFW.WasthedismissalofthePCEproper?
A: Yes, if the law proscribes the conduct of a CE
when there is a bargaining deadlock submitted to
conciliationorarbitration,withmorereasonshould
itnotbeconductedif,despiteattemptstobringan
Er to the negotiation table by the certified
bargaining agent, there was "no reasonable effort
ingoodfaith"ontheErtobargaincollectively.
Thecircumstancesinthiscaseshouldbeconsidered
as similar in nature to a "bargaining deadlock"
whennoCEcouldbeheld.Thisisalsotomakesure
that
no
floodgates
will
be
opened
for
the
circumvention of the law by unscrupulous Ers to
prevent any certified bargaining agent from
negotiatingaCBA.Sec.3,(RuleVIII),BookVofthe
IRRshouldbeinterpretedliberallysoastoincludea
circumstancewhereaCBAcouldnotbeconcluded
duetothefailureofonepartytowillinglyperform
its duty to bargain collectively. (CapitolMedical
CenterAllianceofConcernedEesv.Laguesma,G.R.
No.118915,Feb.4,1997)
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MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM136
Q:Shouldthecertificationelectionproceedingsbe
suspended in view of the pending case for
cancellation of the unions certificate of
registration?
A: No,thependencyofacancellationcaseisnota
ground for the dismissal or suspension of arepresentation proceeding considering that a
registeredlabororganization(LO)continuestobea
legitimateoneentitledtoalltherightsappurtenant
theretountila finalvalidorder is issuedcancelling
suchregistration.
Oncea LOattains the statusofa LLO itbegins to
possess all of the rights and privileges granted by
law to such organizations. As such rights and
privileges ultimately affect areas which are
constitutionallyprotected,theactivitiesinwhichLO,
associationsandunionsareengageddirectlyaffect
the public interest and should be zealously
protected. (ProgressiveDevtCorp.v.SLE,G.R.No.
115077,April
18,
1997)
Q:Whatisnegotiationbarrule?
A:APCEcannotbeentertained if,beforethefiling
of thePCE, the duly recognized or certified union
has commenced negotiations with the Er in
accordancewithArt.250oftheLC.
Q:Whatiscertificationyearrule?
A: NoPCEmay be filed withinone year from the
date of a valid certification, consent, or runoff
electionorfromthedateofvoluntaryrecognition.
(4)RunoffElection
Q:Whatisarunoffelection?
A:Anelectionconductedwhen:
1. Anelectionwhichprovidesfor3ormore
choicesresults innoneofthecontending
unions receiving a majority of the valid
votescast,and
2. There are no objections or challenges
whichifsustainedcanmateriallyalterthe
results,provided
3. The total number of votes for all the
contendingunions is at least50%of the
numberofvotescast.(Sec.1,RuleX,Book
V,IRR)
4. Not one of the choices obtained the
majority of the valid votes cast (50%+ 1
secondmajority);
5. The two choices which garnered the
highest votes will be voted and the one
which garners the highest number of
votes will be declared the winner
provided they get the majority votes of
thetotalvotescast.
Q:Whoarethechoicesinarunoffelection?
A:Theunionsreceivingthehighestand2ndhighest
number of the votes cast. (Sec.2,Rule
X,
Book
V,
IRR)
Note: NoUnionshallnotbeachoice in the runoff
election
(5)RerunElection
Q:WhendoesRerunElectiontakeplace?
A: 1. Ifonechoicereceivesapluralityofthe
voteandtheremainingchoicesresultsina
tie;or
2.Ifallchoicesreceivedthesamenumber
ofvotes.
Note: Inbothinstances,thenounionisalsoachoice.
(5)ConsentElection
Q:Whatisaconsentelection?
A: An election voluntarily agreed upon by the
parties,withorwithout the interventionbyDOLE.
(Sec.1[h],RuleI,BookV,IRR)
Note: To afford an individual employeevoter an
informed choice where a local/chapter is the
petitioning union, the local/chapter shall secure itscertificateof creation at least 5working days before
thedateoftheconsentelection.(Sec.1,RuleVIII,Book
V,IRRasamendedbyDO40F03)
Q: What are the requisites before a labor union
canbedeclaredawinner(doublemajorityrule)?
A:
1. Majority of the eligible voters cast their
votes.
2. Majorityofthevalidvotescastisforsuch
union.
Q:Howtodeterminethedoublemajorityrule?
A:
1. Indeterminingtheeligiblevotescast(first
majority)includespoiledballots
2. In determining valid votes (second
majority), eliminate spoiled ballots but
includedthechallengedvotes.
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137
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
F a c u l t a d d e D e r e c h o i v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATION ANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC. LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
Q: A certification election was conducted among
the rankandfile Ees of Holiday Inn Manila
Pavilion Hotel. In view of the significant number
of segregated votes, contending unions, National
UnionofWorkersinHotels,RestaurantsandAllied
IndustriesManila Pavilion Hotel Chapter
(NUWHRAINMPHC) and Holiday Inn Manila
Pavilion
Hotel
Labor
Union
(HIMPHLU),
referred
thecasebacktotheMedArbitertodecidewhich
among those votes would be opened and tallied.
11 votes were initially segregated because they
were cast by dismissed Ees, albeit the legality of
theirdismissalwasstillpendingbeforetheCA. 6
othervotesweresegregatedbecausetheEeswho
cast them were already occupying supervisory
positions at the time of the election. Still 5 other
votes were segregated on the ground that they
were cast by probationary Ees and, pursuant to
the existing CBA, such Ees cannot vote.
NUHWHRAINMPHC further avers that HIMPHLU,
which garnered 169 votes, should not be
immediatelycertified
as
the
bargaining
unit,
as
the
opening of the 17 segregated ballots would push
thenumberofvalidvotescast to338,hence,the
169 votes which HIMPHLU garnered would be 1
vote short of the majority which would then
become170.
Was HIMPHLU able to obtain the required
majority for it to be certified as the exclusive
bargainingagent?
A: No, it is wellsettled that under the double
majority rule for there to be a valid certification
election,majorityofthebargainingunitmusthave
votedand
the
winning
union
must
have
garnered
majorityofthevalidvotescast.
Following the ruling that all the probationary Ees
votes should be deemed valid votes while that of
the supervisory Ees should beexcluded, it follows
thatthenumberofvalidvotescastwouldincrease.
Under Art. 256of the LC, the union obtaining the
majorityofthevalidvotescastbytheeligiblevoters
shall be certified as the sole exclusive bargaining
agent of all the workers in the appropriate
bargainingunit.Thismajorityis50%+1,inthiscase
at least170.HIMPHLUobtained169,clearly itwas
not able to obtain a majority vote. (NUWHRAIN
MPHCv.
SLE,
G.R.
No.
181531,
July
31,
2009)
Q: Distinguish certification election, consent
election, direct certification, and runoff and re
runelections.
A:
PurposeParticipationof
MedArbiter
CertificationElection
Todeterminethesole
andexclusivebargaining
agentofalltheEesinan
appropriatebargaining
unit
for
the
purpose
of
collective bargaining.
RequirespetitionforCE
filedbyaunionorEr.A
MedArbitergrantsthe
petitionandanelection
officerisdesignatedby
regionaldirectorto
supervisetheelection.
Note:MedArbitermay
determineifthereisErEe
relationshipandifthe
votersareeligible.
ConsentElection
Todeterminetheissueof
majorityrepresentation
ofalltheworkersinthe
appropriateCBunit
mainlyforthepurposeof
determiningthe
administratoroftheCBA
whenthecontracting
unionsufferedmassive
disaffiliationand
not
for
thepurposeof
determiningthe
bargainingagentfor
purposeofCB.
Heldbyagreementofthe
unionswithorwithout
theparticipationofthe
MedArbiter.
DirectCertification
ALOisdirectlycertified
asanappropriate
bargainingunitofa
companyuponshowing
thatpetitionissupported
byatleastamajorityof
theEesinthebargaining
unit.
Note: Directcertificationis
nolongerallowed.
MedArbiterdirectly
certifiesthatalabor
unionistheexclusiveCB
representativeoftheEes
ofanappropriate
bargainingunitwithout
holdingaCE,butmerely
onthebasisofevidence
ofinsupportofthe
unionsclaim
that
is
the
choiceofthemajorityof
theEes.
RunOffElection
Takesplacebetweenthe
unionswhoreceivedthe
twohighestnumberof
votesinaCEwith3or
morechoices,wherenot
oneoftheunions
obtainedthemajorityof
thevalidvotescast,
providedthetotalunion
votesisatleast50%of
the
votes
cast.
RerunElection
Takes place in 2
instances:
1.Ifonechoicereceivesa
plurality of the vote
and the remaining
choicesresults inatie;
or
2.If all choices received
the same number of
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MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM138
votes.
Inboth instances, theno
unionisalsoachoice.
Note:Petition forcancellationof registration isnota
bar to a PCE. No prejudicial question shall be
entertained in a petition for certification election.(D.O.4003)
(7)AffiliationandDisaffiliationoftheLocalUnion
fromtheMotherUnion
Q:Howisalocalchaptercreated?
A: A duly registered federation or national union
may directly create a local/ chapter by issuing a
chartercertificate indicatingtheestablishmentofa
local/chapter.
1. Thechaptershallacquirelegalpersonality
only
for
purposes
of
filing
a
petition
for
certificationelectionfromthedateitwas
issuedachartercertificate
2. Thechapter shallbeentitled toallother
rightsandprivilegesofa legitimate labor
organization (LLO) only upon the
submissionofthefollowingdocumentsin
additiontoitschartercertificate:
a. Names of the chapters officers,
their addresses, and the principal
officeofthechapter
b. Chaptersconstitutionandbylaws
c. Where the chapters constitution
andbylawsare thesameas thatof
thefederationorthenationalunion,this fact shall be indicated
accordingly
3. The genuineness and due execution of
thesupportingrequirementsshallbe:
a. Certifiedunderoathbythesecretary
ortreasurerofthelocal/chapter,and
b. Attestedtobyitspresident(Sec.2[e],
Rule III,BookV, IRR,asamendedby
D.O.40F03)
Note:Under theLCand the rules, thepowergranted
to LOs to directly create a chapter or local through
chartering is given to a federation or national union
only,
not
to
a
trade
union
center.
(SMCEU
v.
San
Miguel Packaging Products Ees Union, G.R. No.
171153,Sep.12,2007)
Q:Whereistheapplicationforregistrationfiled?
A:
1. Independent labor unions, chartered
localsorworkersassociations It isfiled
with theRegionalOffice (RO).where the
applicant principally operates. It shallbe
processedbytheLaborRelationsDivision
attheRO.
2. Federations, national unions or workers
association operating in more than one
regionItisfiledwiththeBLRoftheRO,
butshallbeprocessedbytheBLR.
Q:WhatisthedutyoftheBLRafteraLOhadfiled
the necessary papers and documents for
registration?
A:ItbecomesmandatoryfortheBLRtocheckifthe
reqts under Art. 234 of the LC have been
sedulously complied with. If its application for
registration is vitiated by falsification and serious
irregularities,especiallythoseappearingontheface
oftheapplicationandthesupportingdocuments,a
LO should be denied recognition as a LLO.
(ProgressiveDevtCorp.PizzaHutv.Laguesma,G.R.
No.115077,April18,1997)
Q: Within what period shouldthe BLR act on the
applicationssubmittedbeforeit?
A: It shall act on all applications for registration
within10mdaysfromreceipteitherby:
1. Approvingtheapplicationand issuingthe
certificate of registration/acknowledging
thenotice/report;or
2. Denyingtheapplication/noticeforfailure
of the applicant to comply with the
requirementsforregistration/notice(D.O.
4003,RuleIV,Sec.4,seriesof2003)
Note:Allrequisitedocumentsshallbe:
1. Certified under oath by the secretary or
treasurer of the organization, as the case
maybeand
2. AttestedtoitbyitsPresident.
Q:MaytheBLRreviewtheissuanceofacertificate
ofregistration?
A: No. The BLR has the duty to review the
application for registration not the issuance of a
certificateofregistration.
Q:
Why
is
a
lesser
requirement
imposed
for
acharteredlocal?
A:Theintentofthelawinimposinglesserreqtsin
the case of branch or local of a registered
federation or national union is to encourage the
affiliationofa localunion inorder to increase the
local unions bargaining power respecting terms
and conditionsof labor. (ProgressiveDevtCorp v.
SLE,G.R.No.96425,Feb.4,1992)
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139
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
F a c u l t a d d e D e r e c h o i v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATION ANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC. LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
Q:Whataretherequirementsbeforeafederation
canbeissuedacertificateofregistration?
A: The application for registration of federations
and national unions shall be accompanied by the
followingdocuments:
1.
Astatement
indicating
the
name
of
the
applicant labor union, its principal
address,thenameofitsofficersandtheir
respectiveaddresses;
2.
The minutes of the organizational
meeting(s) and the list of Ees who
participatedinthesaidmeeting(s);
3. The annual financial reports if the
applicantunionhasbeen inexistencefor
1 or more years, unless it has not
collectedanyamountfromthemembers,
in which case a statement to this effect
shallbe
included
in
the
application;
4.
Theapplicantunion'sconstitutionandby
laws, minutes of its adoption or
ratification, and the list of the members
whoparticipatedinit.Thelistofratifying
members shall be dispensed with where
theconstitutionandbylawswas ratified
or adopted during the organizational
meeting(s). In such a case, the factual
circumstances of the ratification shall be
recorded in the minutes of the
organizationalmeeting(s);
5.
Theresolution
of
affiliation
of
at
least
10
LLOs, whether independent unions or
charteredlocals,eachofwhichmustbea
duly certified or recognized bargaining
agentintheestablishmentwhereitseeks
tooperate;and
6. The name and addresses of the
companies where the affiliates operate
and the list of all the members in each
company involved. (D.O. 4003, Rule, III,
Sec.2B,seriesof2003)
Q:Whataretherequirementsforaffiliation?
A: The report of affiliation of independently
registered labor unions with a federation or
national union shall be accompanied by the
followingdocuments:
1.
Resolution of the labor union's board of
directorsapprovingtheaffiliation;
2. Minutes of the general membership
meetingapprovingtheaffiliation;
3. Thetotalnumberofmemberscomprising
the labor union and the names of
memberswhoapprovedtheaffiliation;
4. Thecertificateofaffiliation issuedby the
federation in favor of the independently
registeredlaborunion;and
5. Written notice to the employer
concernedif
the
affiliating
union
is
the
incumbentbargainingagent. (D.O.4003,
Rule,III,Sec.7,seriesof2003)
Q:Whatistheeffectofaffiliation?
A:Thelaborunionthataffiliateswithafederationis
subjecttothelawsoftheparentbodyunderwhose
authority the local union functions. The
constitution, bylaws and rules of the mother
federation,togetherwiththecharteritissuestothe
local union, constitutes an enforceable contract
between them and between the members of the
subordinate union inter se. Thus, pursuant to the
constitutionand
by
laws,
the
federation
has
the
righttoinvestigateandexpelmembersofthelocal
union. (Villarv. Inciong,G.R.No.L5028384,April
20,1983)
Q: May a local union disaffiliate from the
federation?
A:
GR: A labor union may disaffiliate from the
mother union to form an independent union
only during the 60day freedom period
immediately preceding the expiration of the
CBA.
XPN: Even before the onset of the freedom
period,disaffiliationmaystillbecarriedout,but
such disaffiliation must be effected by the
majority of the union members in the
bargainingunit.
Note:Thishappenswhenthereisasubstantialshiftin
allegianceonthepartofthemajorityofthemembers
of the union. In such a case, however, the CBA
continues to bind the members of the new or
disaffiliated and independent union up to determine
the union which shall administer the CBA may be
conducted. (ANGLOKMU v. Samahan ng
Manggagawang
Nagkakaisa
sa
Manila
Bay
Spinning
MillsatJ.P.Coats,G.R.No.118562,July5,1996)
Q:Whatisthelimitationtodisaffiliation?
A: Disaffiliation should be in accordance with the
rulesandproceduresstatedintheconstitutionand
bylaws of the federation. A local union may
disaffiliatewithitsmotherfederationprovidedthat
thereisnoenforceableprovisioninthefederations
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MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM140
constitution preventing disaffiliation of a local
union.(TropicalHutEesUnionv.TropicalHut,G.R.
Nos.L4349599,Jan.20,1990)
Note: A prohibition to disaffiliate in the Federations
constitutionandbylawsisvalidbecauseitisintended
foritsownprotection.
Q:Whatistheeffectofcancellationofregistration
ofafederationoranationalunion?
A:
GR: Itshalloperatetodivest its locals/chapters
oftheirstatusasLLO.
XPN: Locals/chapters retain status as LLO if
theyarecoveredbyadulyregisteredCBA.
Note Locals or chapters who retained status as LLO
shallbeallowed to registeras independentunions. If
they fail to register, they shall lose their legitimate
statusupontheexpirationoftheCBA.
Q: PSEA is a local union in Skylander company
which is affiliated with PAFLU. PSEA won the
certification election among the rank and file Ees
oftheSkylandercompanybutitsrivalunionPSEA
WATU protested the results. Pending the
resolution of such controversy, PSEA disaffiliated
withPAFLU andhenceaffiliated withNCWwhich
wassupportedbyitsmembers.Mayalocalunion
disaffiliatewithitsmotherfederationpendingthe
settlementofthestatusasthesoleandexclusive
bargainingagent?
A: Yes. The pendency of an election protest does
not bar the valid disaffiliation of the local union
which was supported by the majority of its
members.
The right of a local union to disaffiliate with the
federation in theabsenceofanystipulation in the
constitution and bylaws of the federation
prohibiting disaffiliation is well settled. Local
unionsremainasthebasicunitofassociation,free
toservetheirowninterestsubjecttotherestraints
imposedbytheconstitutionandbylawsofnational
federationandarefreetorenouncesuchaffiliation
upon the terms and conditions laid down in the
agreement which brought such affiliation to
existence.Inthecaseatbar,noprohibitionexisted
under the constitution and bylaws of the
federation.Hence,theunionmayfreelydisaffiliate
withthefederation.(PhilippineSkylandersv.NLRC,
G.R.No.127374,Jan.31,2002)
Q: Distinguish between an independently
registeredandunregisteredcharteredlocalunion.
A:
CHARTEREDLOCALUNION
Independently
RegisteredUnregistered
Howtoaffiliate?
Bysigningcontractof
affiliation
Byapplicationofwiththe
federationforthe
issuanceofacharter
certificatetobesubmittedtotheBLR
EffectofDisaffiliationtotheunion(local)
Wouldnotaffectitsbeing
aLLOandthereforeit
wouldcontinuetohave
legalpersonalityandto
possesallrightsand
privilegesofLLO.
WouldceasetobeLLO
andwouldnolonger
havethelegalpersonality
andtherightsand
privilegesgrantedbylaw
toLLO,unlessthelocal
chapteriscoveredbyits
dulyregisteredCBA.
EffectofDisaffiliationtotheCBA
AnexistingCBAwould
continuetobevalidas
theLOcancontinueadministeringthenCBA.
TheCBAwouldcontinue
tobevalid.Thelocal
chapterwillnotloseits
personality,unlessit
registersanew.
EntitlementtounionduesafterDisaffiliation
LOentitledtotheunion
duesandnotthe
federationfromwhich
theLOdisaffiliated.
Unionduesmayno
longerbecollectedas
therewouldnolongerbe
anylaborunionthatis
allowedtocollectsuch
unionduesfromtheEes.
Q:Whatistheformofthedecisionofthedenialof
applicationforregistration?
A:Itshallbe:
1. Inwriting
2. Stating in clear terms the reason for the
decision
3. Applicantunionmustbefurnishedacopy
ofsaiddecision.
Q:Isthedenialofregistrationappealable?
A:Yes.
1. Decisions of the Regional Office shall be
appealabletotheBLRandCA.
2. The BLRs decisions on cases appealed
from Regional Director arefinal and not
appealabletotheSLE.3. Decisions of the BLR denying the
registration of a LO (federation or
national union) is appealable to the SLE
within 10 days from receipt of the
decision,ongroundsof:
a. Graveabuseofdiscretion;or
b. Grossincompetence.
4. DecisionofSLEappealabletoCA.
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UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
F a c u l t a d d e D e r e c h o i v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATION ANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC. LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
Q: How is appeal taken with regard to denial or
cancellationofregistration?
A:
DENIALORCANCELLATIONOFREGISTRATION
ByRegionaloffice ByBLR
Transmitrecordswithin24hours
fromreceipt
of
the
Memo
of
Appeal
BLRwilldecideonthe
matterwithin20days
fromreceiptofthe
records
SLEdecidesonthematter
within20daysfrom
receiptofrecords
AppealtoCAviaRule65
Note: Appeal is by memo of appeal within 10 days
fromreceiptofnotice.
Q:Whocancelsthecertificateofregistration?
A: The certificate of registration of any LLO,
whethernationalor local,maybecancelledbythe
BLR, after due hearing, only on the grounds
specifiedinArt.239.(asamendedbyR.A.9481)
Q:What istheeffectofapetitionforcancellation
or ofunionregistration?
A: It shall not suspend the proceedings for
certification election (CE) nor shall it prevent the
filingofCE.
Incaseofcancellation,nothinghereinshallrestrict
the right of the union to seekjust and equitable
remediesintheappropriatecourts.
Q: Where is a petition for cancellation of
registration
or
application
for
voluntary
dissolutionfiled?
A:
1.
For legitimate independent labor unions,
local/chapter andworkers association
It shall be filed with the Regional Office
which issued itscertificateofregistration
orcreation.
2. Forfederations, national or industry and
tradeunioncentersItshallbefiledwith
theBLR. (Sec.1,RuleXIV,BookV, IRRas
amendedbyD.O.40F03)
Q:
Who
may
file
a
petition
for
cancellation
of
registration?
A:
1.
For legitimate individual labor union,
charteredlocalandworkersassociation
Any partyininterest may file a petition
for cancellation of registration if the
groundis:
a. Failure to comply with any of the
reqtsunderArt.234,237and238of
theLC.
b.
ViolationofanyprovisionunderArt.
239,LC.
2. For federations, national or industry
unions,trade
union
centers
Only
members of the labor organization (LO)
concerned may file if the grounds are
actions involving violations of Art. 241,
subjecttothe30%rule.
Q:Whatistheeffectofcancellationofregistration
if the cancellation is made in the course of the
proceedings?
A: Wherea laborunion isaparty inaproceeding
and later it loses its registration permit in the
course or during the pendency of the case, such
union may continue as party without need of
substitutionof
parties,
subject
however
to
the
understanding that whatever decision may be
renderedwillbebindingonlyuponthosemembers
oftheunionwhohavenotsignified theirdesireto
withdrawfromthecasebeforeitstrialanddecision
onthemerits.
Note: Rationale: Principle of agency is applied the
Eesaretheprincipals,andtheLOismerelyanagentof
the former, consequently, the cancellation of the
unionsregistrationwouldnotdeprivetheconsenting
memberEesoftheirrighttocontinuethecaseasthey
areconsideredastheprincipals.
Q:What
are
the
grounds
for
cancellation
of
union
registration?
A:
1. Misrepresentation, false statement or
fraudinconnectionwiththe:
a.
Adoption or application of the
constitution and bylaws or
amendmentsthereto
b. Minutesofratificationand
c. Listofmemberswhotookpartinthe
ratification;
d.
Electionofofficers
e.
Minutes of the election of officers
andf. Listofvoters(Art.239asamended)
2. Voluntary dissolution by the members.
(asamendedbyR.A.9481)
Note:Apronouncementastothelegalityofthestrike
isnotwithinthemeaningofArt.239oftheLC.
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MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM142
Q: What are the prohibited grounds for
cancellationofunionregistration?
A:
1. TheinclusionasunionmemberofEeswho
are outside the bargaining unit shall not
be a ground to cancel the union
registration. The ineligible Ees are
automatically deemd removed from thelist of membership of the union as.(Art.
245A asamendedbyRA9481)
2. The affiliation of the rankandfile and
supervisory unions operating within the
same establishment to the same
federationornationalunionshallnotbea
ground to cancel registration of either
union. (Sec. 6, Rule XIV, Book V, as
insertedbyD.O.40F03)
Q: How is voluntary cancellation of registration
made?
A:
Registration may be cancelled by the
organizationitselfprovided:
1. At least of its general membership
votes to dissolve the organization, in a
meetingdulycalledforthatpurpose;and
2. An application to cancel registration is
thereaftersubmittedbytheboardofthe
organization,attestedbyitspresident.
Q: What are the reportorial requirements
required to be submitted by a legitimate labor
organization(LLO)?
A: The following documents are required to be
submittedtoBLRbytheLLOconcerned:
1. Within 30 days from adoption or
ratification of the constitution and by
laws(CBL)oramendmentsthereto:
a. CBLoramendmentsthereto
b. Minutesofratification
c. Listofmemberswhotookpartinthe
ratification of the constitution and
bylaws;
2. Within 30 days from date of election or
appointment:
a. Listofelectedandappointedofficers
and agents entrusted with the
handingofunionfunds
b. Minutesofelectionofofficers
c. Listofvoters
3. Annual financial report within 30 days
afterthecloseofeveryfiscalyear
4. List of members at least once a year or
wheneverrequiredbytheBureau.(Sec.1,
RuleV,BookV, IRR,asamendedbyD.O.
40F03)
Note:Failuretosubmitreportorialrequirements isno
longeragroundforcancellationbut shall subject the
erring officers or members to suspension, expulsion
from membership, or any appropriate penalty (Art.
242A,
as
inserted
by
R.A.
9481).
Q:Whatisthesuccessor ininterestdoctrine?
A:
GR: It is when an Er with an existing CBA is
succeeded by another Er, the successorin
interestwho is thebuyer ingood faithhasno
liability to the Ees in continuing employment
and the bargaining agreement because these
contractsareinpersonam.
XPNs:
1. When the successorininterest expressly
assumesan
obligation;
2. The sale is a device to circumvent the
obligation;or
3. Thesaleortransferismadeinbadfaith.
(a)SubstitutionaryDoctrine
Q:Whatisthesubstitutionarydoctrine?
A: It iswherethereoccursashift in theEesunion
allegiance after the execution of a collective
bargaining (CB) contract with the Er, the Ees can
change their agent (labor union) but the CB
contractwhich is still subsisting continues to bind
the
Ees
up
to
its
expiration
date.
They
may
however, bargain for the shortening of said
expirationdate.
Note: The Er cannot revoke the validly executed CB
contract with their Er by the simple expedient of
changing theirbargainingagent.Thenewagentmust
respectthecontract.(BenguetConsolidatedInc.v.BCI
EesandWorkersUnionPAFLU,G.R.No.L24711,April
30,1968)
Itcannotbe invokedtosupportthecontentionthata
newlycertifiedCBagentautomaticallyassumesallthe
personalundertakingsoftheformeragentliketheno
strikeclauseintheCBAexecutedbythelatter.
(8)UnionDuesandSpecialAssessments
(a)UnionDues
Q:Whatareuniondues?
A:Theseareregularmonthlycontributionspaidby
the members to the union in exchange for the
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143
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
F a c u l t a d d e D e r e c h o i v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATION ANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC. LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
benefits given to themby theCBA and to finance
theactivitiesoftheunioninrepresentingtheunion.
Q:Whatischeckoff?
A:ItisamethodofdeductingfromanEespayata
prescribedperiod, the amounts due the union for
fees,finesandassessments.
Deductionsforunionservicefeesareauthorizedby
law and do not require individual checkoff
authorizations.
Q:Whatisthenatureandpurposeofcheckoff?
A:Unionduesarethelifebloodoftheunion.
All unions are authorized to collect reasonable
membership fees, union dues, assessments and
fines and other contributions for labor education
and research, mutual death and hospitalization
benefits, welfare fund, strike fund and credit and
cooperativeundertakings.(Art.
277[a])
Q:Whataretherequisitesofavalidcheckoff?
A:
GR: No special assessments, attys fees,
negotiationfeesoranyotherextraordinaryfees
maybecheckedofffromanyamountduetoan
employee (Ee) without individual written
authorizationdulysignedbytheEe.
Theauthorizationshouldspecificallystatethe:
1.
Amount
2.
Purpose&
3.
Beneficiary
of
the
deduction.
XPNs:
1. FormandatoryactivitiesundertheLC
2.
Foragencyfees
3.
Whennonmembersoftheunionavailof
thebenefitsoftheCBA:
a. Nonmembers may be assessed
unionduesequivalenttothatpaidby
unionmembers;
b. Only by board resolution approved
by majority of the members in
general meeting called for the
purpose.
(b)SpecialAssessments
Q:Whatarespecialassessmentsorextraordinary
fees?
A:Theseareassessmentsforanypurposeorobject
other than those expressly provided by the labor
organizationsconstitutionandbylaws.
Q: What are the requisites for a valid levy of
specialassessmentorextraordinaryfees?
A:
1. Authorization by a written resolution of
themajorityofallmembersatthegeneral
membershipmeetingdulycalled for that
purpose;
2. Secretarys record of the minutes of the
meeting,whichmustincludethe:
a.
Listofmemberspresent
b.
Votescast
c.
Purposeofthespecialassessments
d. Recipientofsuchassessments;
3. Individualwrittenauthorization tocheck
offduly signedby theEeconcerned to
levysuchassessments.
Q: What is the effect of failure to strictly comply
therequirementssetbylaw?
A:
It
shall
invalidate
the
questioned
special
assessments. Substantial compliance of the
requirementsisnotenoughinviewofthefactthat
the special assessment will diminish the
compensationofunionmembers.(Palacolv.Ferrer
Calleja,G.R.No.85333,Feb.26,1990)
Q:Whohasjurisdictionovercheckoffdisputes?
A: Being an intraunion dispute, the Regional
Director of DOLE has jurisdiction over check off
disputes.
Q:Distinguishcheckofffromspecialassessments.
A:
Checkoff SpecialAssessment
Howapproved
(UnionDues)
Byobtainingtheindividual
writtenauthorizationduly
signedbytheEewhich
mustspecify:
1.Amount
2.Purpose
3.Beneficiary
Bywrittenresolution
approvedbymajorityof
allthemembersatthe
meetingcalledforthat
purpose.
Exceptiontosuchrequirement
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MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM144
(Agencyfees)
Notnecessarywhen:
1. Formandatoryactivities
undertheLC
2. Foragencyfees
3. Whennonmembersof
theunionavailofthe
benefitsoftheCBA:a.Saidnonmembers
maybeassessed
unionduesequivalent
tothatpaidbyunion
members;
b.OnlybyBoard
resolutionapproved
bymajorityofthe
membersingeneral
meetingcalledforthe
purpose
Noexception;written
resolutionismandatory
inallinstances.
Q: Are Ees who are members of another union
consideredfreeriders?
A: No. When the union bids to become the
bargaining agent, it voluntarily assumes the
responsibilityofrepresentingalltheEes.
(9)AgencyFees
Q:Whatisanagencyfee?
A:Itisanamountequivalenttouniondues,whicha
nonunion member pays to the union because he
benefitsfromtheCBAnegotiatedbytheunion.
Note:AgencyfeecannotbeimposedonEesalreadyin
the service and are members of another union. If aclosed shop agreement cannot be applied to them,
neithermayanagency fee,asa lesser formofunion
security,be imposed to them.Paymentbynonunion
membersofagencyfeesdoesnotamounttoanunjust
enrichment basically the purpose of such dues is to
avoid discrimination between union and nonunion
members.
Q:WhataretherequisitesforassessmentofAgency
fees(Art.248[e],LC)?
A:
1. Theemployeeispartofthebargainingunit
2. Heisnotamemberoftheunion
3. HepartookofthebenefitsoftheCBA
Note: TheindividualauthorizationrequiredunderArt.
242, par. O of the LC shall not apply to the non
members of the recognized collective bargaining
agent.
Q:Distinguishunionduesfromagencyfees.
A:
UnionDues AgencyFee
Isdeductedfrom
membersforthe
paymentofuniondues
Isdeductedfromnon
membersofthe
bargainingagent(union)
fortheenjoymentofthe
benefitsundertheCBA.
Maynotbededucted
fromthesalariesoftheunionmemberswithout
thewrittenconsentof
theworkersaffected.
Maybedeductedfrom
thesalaryoftheEes
withouttheirwritten
consent.
2.RIGHTTOCOLLECTIVEBARGAINING
Q:Whatiscollectivebargaining(CB)?
A:
1. It is the process of negotiation by an
organization or group of workmen, in
behalfofitsmembers,withtheemployer
(Er),
concerning
wages,
hours
of
work,
and other terms and conditions of
employmentand
2. Thesettlementofdisputesbynegotiation
betweenanErand the representativeof
hisemployees(Ee)
3. It is theobligation tomeetand convene
promptly andexpeditiously ingood faith
for the purpose of negotiating an
agreementwith respect to wages, hours
of work and all other terms and
conditions of employment including
proposals foradjustinganygrievancesorquestions arising under such agreement
and executing a contract incorporating
such agreements if requested by either
partybutsuchdoesnotcompelanyparty
to agree to a proposal or to make any
concession.(Art.252,LC)
Note:
GR:Nocourtoradministrativeagencyorofficial
shallhavethepowertosetorfixwages,ratesof
pay,hoursofwork,orothertermsandconditions
ofemployment
XPNs:AsotherwiseprovidedundertheLC:
1. National Wages and Productivity
CommissionandRTWPBastowagefixing.
(Art.99and122,LC)
2. NCMB and NLRC as to wage distortion.
(Art.124,LC)
3. SLEandPresidentof thePhilippinesas to
certification and assumption of powers
overlabordisputes.(Art.236[g],LC)
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UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
F a c u l t a d d e D e r e c h o i v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATION ANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC. LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
Q:Whatisthepurposebehindthisrule?
A: It is toencourageatrulydemocraticmethodof
regulatingtherelationsbetweentheemployersand
employeesbymeansofagreementsfreelyentered
intothroughCB.
Q:Who
are
the
parties
to
aCB?
A:
1.
Employer
2.
Employees, represented by the exclusive
bargainingagent
Q: What are the jurisdictional preconditions in
collectivebargaining?
A:
1. Possession of the status of majority
representation of the employees
representative inaccordancewithanyof
themeans
of
selection
or
designation
providedfortheLaborCode
2. Proofofmajorityrepresentation
3. AdemandtobargainunderArt.250(a)of
the LC. (Kiok Loy v. NLRC, G.R. No. L
54334,Jan.22,1986)
a.DutytoBargainCollectively
Q: When does the duty of the employer (Er) to
bargaincollectivelyarise?
A:OnlyaftertheunionrequeststheErtobargain.If
thereisnodemand,theErcannotbeindefault.
Note: Where a majority representative has been
designated, it is an ULP for the Er, as a refusal to
collectively bargain, to deal and negotiate with the
minority representative to the exclusion of the
majorityrepresentative.
Wherethereisalegitimaterepresentationissue,there
isnodutytobargaincollectivelyonthepartoftheEr
(LakasngmgaManggagawangMakabayanv.Marcelo
Enterprises,G.R.No.L38258,Nov.19,1982)
Q: What is a collective bargaining agreement
(CBA)?
A: It isacontractexecuteduponrequestofeither
theErortheexclusivebargainingrepresentativeof
theEes incorporating theagreementreachedafter
negotiationswithrespecttowages,hoursofwork,
terms and conditions of employment, including
proposals foradjustinganygrievanceorquestions
undertheagreement.
Note: The certification of the CBA by the BLR is not
requiredtomakesuchcontractvalid. Once it isduly
enteredintoandsignedbytheparties,aCBAbecomes
effectiveasbetweenthepartieswhetherornotithas
been certified by the BLR. (Liberty Flour Mills Ees
Association v. Liberty FlourMills,G.R.Nos.5876870,
Dec.29,1989)
Q:Whatisazipperclause?
A: It isastipulation inaCBA indicating that issues
that could have been negotiated upon but not
contained in the CBA cannot be raised for
negotiationwhentheCBAisalreadyineffect.
ACBA isnotanordinary contractbutone impressed
with public interest, onlyprovisions embodied in the
CBA should be so interpreted and complied with.
Where aproposal raisedbya contractingparty does
not findprint in theCBA, it isnotapart thereofand
the proponent has no claim whatsoever to its
implementation. (SMTFMUWP v. NLRC , G.R. No.
113856,Sept.
7,
1998)
Q:Whenshallbargainingcommence?
A: It commences within 12 months after the
determinationandcertificationoftheEesexclusive
bargainingrepresentative.(certificationyear)
Q:WhatistheprocedureinCB?
A:Whenapartydesirestonegotiateanagreement:
1. It shall serve a written notice upon the
otherpartywithastatementofproposals
2.
Reply by the other party shall be madewithin10dayswithcounterproposals
3.
In case of differences, either party may
request for a conference which must be
heldwithin10calendardaysfromreceipt
ofrequest
4.
If not settled, NCMB may intervene and
encourage the parties to submit the
disputetoavoluntaryarbitrator
5. Ifnot resolved, thepartiesmayresort to
any other lawful means (either to settle
the dispute or submit it to a voluntary
arbitrator).
Note:DuringtheconciliationproceedingintheNCMB,
the parties are prohibited from doing any act which
may disrupt or impede the early settlement of
disputes.(Art.250[d],LC)
Q:WhatarethestagesinCB?
A:
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MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM146
1. Preliminary process: Sending a written
notice for negotiation which must be
clearandunequivocal
2. Negotiationprocess.
3. Execution process: The signing of the
agreement
4. Publication for at least 5 days before
ratification5. Ratification by the majority of all the
workers in the bargaining unit
represented in the negotiation (not
necessaryincaseofarbitralaward)
6. Registrationprocess.
7. Administrationprocess: TheCBA shallbe
jointly administered by the management
andthebargainingagentforaperiodof5
years.
8. InterpretationandApplicationprocess.
Q: Does a petition for cancellation of a unions
certificate of registration involve a prejudicial
questionthat
should
first
be
settled
before
parties
couldberequiredtocollectivelybargain?
A: No. Apendingcancellationproceeding isnota
bartosetmechanicsforcollectivebargaining(CB).
Ifacertificationelectionmaystillbeheldeven ifa
petition forcancellationofaunionsregistration is
pending,moresothattheCBprocessmayproceed.
Themajoritystatusof theunion isnotaffectedby
the cancellation proceedings. (Capitol Medical
Centerv.Trajano,G.R.No.155690,June30,2005)
Q: What is the duty to bargain collectively when
thereisnoCBA?
A:Itistheperformanceofamutualobligation:
1. To meet and convene promptly and
expeditiouslyingoodfaith(GF)
2. For the purpose of negotiating an
agreementwith respect towages, hours
of work and all other terms and
conditionsofemployment
3. Including proposals for adjusting any
grievances or questions arising under
suchagreement;and
4. Toexecuteacontract incorporatingsuch
agreements if requestedbyeitherparty.
(Art.252)
Q:Whatarethelimitationstothedutytobargain
collectively?
A:
1. Suchduty doesnot compel anyparty to
agree to a proposal or to make any
concession.
2. Parties cannot stipulate terms and
conditions of employment which are
below theminimum reqtsprescribedby
law.
Q:Mayeitherpartybargaintoanimpasse?
A:Itdepends:
1. Where the subject of a dispute is a
mandatory bargaining subject, either
partymaybargain toan impasseas long
ashebargainsinGF.
2. Where the subject is nonmandatory, a
partymaynot insist inbargaining to the
point of impasse. His instance may be
construedasevasionofdutytobargain.
Q:Whatisthetestofbargaininginbadfaith?
A:
There is no perfect test of good faith (GF) in
bargaining. The GF or BF is an inference to be
drawnfromthefactsandislargelyamatterforthe
NLRCsexpertise.ThechargeofBFshouldberaised
whilethebargainingisinprogress.
Note:WiththeexecutionoftheCBA,BFcannolonger
be imputed upon any of the parties thereto. All
provisions in the CBA are supposed to have been
jointly and voluntarily incorporated therein by the
parties. This is not a case where private respondent
exhibited an indifferent attitude towards CB because
the negotiations were not the unilateral activity of
petitionerunion.TheCBAisgoodenoughthatprivate
respondent exerted reasonable effort of GFbargaining. (Samahang Manggagawa sa Top Form
ManufacturingUnited Workers of the Phils v. NLRC,
G.R.No.113856,Sept.7,1998)
Q: Does an Ers steadfast insistence to exclude a
particular substantive provision in the
negotiations for a CBA constitute refusal to
bargainorbargaininginBF?
A: No. This isnodifferent fromabargaining
representatives perseverance to include one that
they deem of absolute necessity. Indeed, an
adamant insistenceonabargainingpositiontothe
point where the negotiations reach an impassedoesnotestablishbadfaith.Obviously,thepurpose
ofCBisthereachingofanagreementresultingina
contract bindingon the parties; but the failure to
reach an agreement after negotiations have
continued for a reasonable period does not
establish a lack of good faith. The statutes invite
and contemplate a collective bargaining contract,
but theydo not compel one. The duty to bargain
does not include the obligation to reach an
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147
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
F a c u l t a d d e D e r e c h o i v i l
ACADEMICSCHAIR:LESTERJAYALANE.FLORESII
VICECHAIRSFORACADEMICS:KARENJOYG.SABUGO&JOHNHENRYC.MENDOZA
VICECHAIRFORADMINISTRATION ANDFINANCE:JEANELLEC. LEE
VICECHAIRSFORLAYOUTANDDESIGN:EARLLOUIEM.MASACAYAN&THEENAC.MARTINEZ
agreement. While the law makes it an obligation
for theErand theEes tobargain collectively with
eachother, such compulsion does not include the
commitmenttoprecipitatelyacceptoragreetothe
proposalsof theother. All itcontemplates is that
bothparties shouldapproach thenegotiationwith
anopenmindandmakereasonableefforttoreach
acommon
ground
of
agreement.
(Union
of
Filipro
Ees v.Nestle Phils., G.R.Nos. 15893031,Mar. 3,
2008)
Q:Whatisadeadlock?
A: It is synonymous with impasse or a standstill
which presupposes reasonable effort at GF
bargaining but despite noble intentions does not
concludeanagreementbetweentheparties.
Q: Incaseofdeadlock intherenegotiationofthe
CBA, what are the actions that may be taken by
theparties?
A:Thepartiesmay:
1. Callupon theNCMB to intervene for the
purpose of conducting conciliation or
preventivemediation;
2. Referthematterforvoluntaryarbitration
orcompulsoryarbitration;
3. Declare a strike or lockout upon
compliance with the legal reqts (This
remedyisaremedyoflastresort).
Q: May economic exigencies justify refusal to
bargain?
A: No. An employer is not guilty of refusal to
bargain by adamantly rejecting the unions
economicdemandswhereheisoperatingataloss,
ona lowprofitmargin,or inadepressed industry,
as longashe continues tonegotiate.But financial
hardship constitutes no excuse for refusing to
bargaincollectively.
Q: What is the duty to bargain collectively when
thereisaCBA?
A:
1. When there isaCBA theduty tobargain
collectivelyshall
also
mean
that
neither
party shall terminate nor modify such
agreementduringitslifetime.
2. Eitherpartycanserveawrittennoticeto
terminate or modify the agreement at
least60dayspriortoitsexpirationdate.
3. Itshallbethedutyofbothpartiestokeep
the status quo and to continue in full
forceandeffectthetermsandconditions
of theexistingagreementduring the60
dayperiodand/oruntilanewagreement
isreachedbytheparties.(Art.253,LC)
Q:WhatistheautomaticrenewalclauseofCBAs?
A:AlthoughaCBAhasexpired,itcontinuestohave
legaleffects
as
between
the
parties
until
anew
CBA
hasbeenentered into(Pier&ArrastreStevedoring
Services, Inc. v. Confessor, G.R. No. 110854,
February 13, 1995). This is so because the law
makes it a duty of the parties to keep the status
quo and to continue in full effect the terms and
conditions of the existing agreement until a new
agreementisreachedbytheparties.(Art.253,LC).
(2008BarQuestion)
Q:Whatmaybedoneduringthe60dayfreedom
period?
A:
1.
Alabor
union
may
disaffiliate
from
the
mother union to form a local or
independentuniononlyduringthe60day
freedom period immediately preceding
theexpirationoftheCBA.
2. Eitherpartycanserveawrittennoticeto
terminate or modify agreement at least
60dayspriortoitsexpirationperiod.
3. A petition for certification election may
befiled.
Q:WhentofileCBA?
A:Within30daysfromexecutionofCBA.
Q:Whataretherequirementsforregistration?
A: The application for CBA registration shall be
accompaniedbytheoriginaland2duplicatecopies
ofthefollowingreqts:
1. CBA
2. A statement that theCBA wasposted in
at least 2 conspicuous places in the
establishment concerned for at least 5
daysbeforeitsratification
3. Statement that the CBA was ratified by
themajorityof theEes in thebargaining
unit.
Note: The following documents must be certified
under oath by the representative of the Er and the
laborunion. Noother document shallbe required in
theregistrationoftheCBA.
Q:Whatisasingleenterprisebargaining?
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8/10/2019 UST Labor Relations- Golden Notes 2011
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USTGOLDENNOTES2011
LABORLAWTEAM:
ADVISER:ATTY.JOEVEND.DELLOSA;SUBJECTHEAD:ANGELOS.DIOKNO;ASST.SUBJECTHEADS:KARENSABUGO,GENESISR.FULGENCIO
MEMBERS:PALMACLARISSAV.CARILLO,RANDOLPHIANCLET,MICHAELAARONP.GACUTAN,LORRAINETAGUIAM148
A: It involves negotiation between one certified
laborunionandoneEr.Anyvoluntarilyrecognized
or certified labor union may demand negotiations
with its Er for terms and conditions of work
coveringEesinthebargainingunitconcerned.
Q:WhatisamultiErbargainingscheme?
A: It involves negotiation between and among
severalcertifiedlaborunionsandErs.
Q:WhatisthedurationofaCBA?
A:
1. Withrespecttotherepresentationaspect
(referstothe identityandmajoritystatus
of theunion that negotiated the CBA as
the exclusive bargaining representative):
5years
2. Withrespecttoallotherprovisions(refers
to the restof theCBA,economicaswell
as noneconomic provisions other than
representationalprovisions):3yearsafter
theexecutionoftheCBA
Q:WhataretheeconomicprovisionsofaCBA?
A: