using&powerpoint&to&create& scientific&posters&€¦ ·...
TRANSCRIPT
USING POWERPOINT TO CREATE SCIENTIFIC POSTERS
PREP Workshop Saturday, January 30 Prepared by: Amy Replogle
Things to Remember About Poster Sessions
¨ Most scienIfic meeIngs feature far more posters than they do oral presentaIons
¨ A conference or meeIng is oLen the first place that scienIfic researchers present their research
¨ The poster session will probably occur in a large exhibiIon hall in which hundreds of posters are presented in a single session and mulIple sessions are presented each day
Goals For EffecIve Posters
¨ Two Goals: 1. Sufficiently aTract the casual onlooker's aTenIon so
that he or she will stop and take a second look 2. To concisely communicate the results of your
research
Principles of EffecIve Posters
¨ A poster should present an overview of your work ¤ A casual viewer should be able to glean your message in 3 to 5 minutes and read all the text in 10 minutes
¨ A poster should be organized in secIons in a way that's similar to how a scienIfic arIcle or oral presentaIon is structured: ¤ IntroducIon, methods, results, and conclusions
¨ A poster should have a main Itle that's readable from 10 feet away ¤ A general rule is to use a 72-‐point type and a easy to read font such as Times New Roman, Arial, or Calibri
Principles of EffecIve Posters Cont’d
¨ A poster should have body text that's readable from 4 to 6 feet away, the same is true for pictures or graphs ¤ Use 20-‐point or 24-‐point type and a and a easy to read font such as Times New Roman, Arial, or Calibri
¤ Wherever possible, use lists of sentences, rather than blocks of text
¨ A poster should have one or two fonts and a simple color scheme ¤ I usually sIck with three complemenIng colors ¤ A good place to look for colors that work well together is MarthaStewart.com
SecIons and Content
¨ Title ¤ An effecIve Itle conveys to viewers the issue, the approach, and the system (organism). Make the Itle catchy (but not gimmicky) in order to reel in potenIal viewers. Maximum length: 1 to 2 lines
¤ Below the Itle include the authors and their affiliaIon n Students first, then collaborators, and mentor/teacher last
Perception of CLE peptides in Arabidopsis during Cyst Nematode Pathogenesis
Amy Replogle1, Jianying Wang1, and Melissa G. Mitchum1
1Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
Line shadow helps bring out light colored text
SecIons and Content
¨ IntroducIon ¤ Get your viewer interested about the issue or quesIon while using the absolute minimum of background informaIon and definiIons
¤ Quickly place your issue in the context of published, primary literature. Provide a descripIon and jusIficaIon of your general experimental approach, and give a hint at why your study organism is ideal for such research. Be sure to also give a clear hypothesis
¤ Use a photograph in this secIon to quickly orient your viewers
¤ Maximum length: approximately 200 words
SecIons and Content
¨ IntroducIon Example
Introduc)on § The Soybean Cyst Nematode causes billions of dollars in damage annually in
crop loss § Soybean cyst nematodes successfully infect host roots by forming unique
feeding sites, called syncyIa, to support their growth and development § Cyst nematodes secrete proteins produced in the esophageal gland cells
through the stylet into the apoplast or cytoplasm of selected plant cells to developmentally reprogram cell fate for syncyIum development
§ CLE pepIdes which are secreted by nematodes during infecIon have been idenIfied in many plants, and act as signaling molecules regulaIng different aspects of plant development
§ Overexpression studies and receptor screens show that nematode CLEs can funcIon as plant CLEs which suggests a potenIal role for ligand mimicry in cyst nematode parasiIsm of host plant roots to dedifferenIate root cells into syncyIa
When inserIng pictures it’s always good to outline them
Figure 1: (A) Nematode secreIons are produced in the esophageal gland cells and released through valves within the ampulla for transport out of the stylet into host Issue. (B) A model of potenIal interacIons of nematode secreted effectors with host plant cells.
You should have a figure legend for any pictures or graphs
SecIons and Content
¨ Materials and Methods: ¤ Briefly describe experimental equipment and methods. Consider these guidelines: n Use figures and tables to illustrate experimental design, if possible
n Use flowcharts to summarize reacIon steps or Iming of experimental procedures
n Include photograph or labeled drawing of organism (if not already in introducIon)
n MenIon staIsIcal analyses that were used and how they allowed you to address hypothesis. Maximum length: approximately 200 words
n Materials and Methods are someImes combined with the results secIon
SecIons and Content
¨ Results ¤ Make an opening statement that describes whether or not the experiment worked.
¤ In the second sentence briefly describe qualitaIve and descripIve results
¤ Begin presentaIon of data analysis that more specifically addresses the hypothesis
¤ Refer to supporIng charts or images, and provide engaging figure legends that can stand on their own.
¤ Provide tables with legends, too, but opt for figures wherever possible.
¤ Maximum length: approximately 200 words, not including figure legends.
SecIons and Content – Results Example Results
The mutant and wildtype genotypes responded similarly to changes in pH
• ALer 30 day in pH 3, 5, and 8 the overall health of the plants were the
same between the mutant and wildtype. • The height of mutant and wildtype plants on pH 3, 5, and 8 averaged 15,
30, and 25cm respecIvely aLer 30 days (Figure 1). • The Ime to flowering on pH 3, 5, and 8 averaged 25, 32, and 24 days
respecIvely (Figure 2).
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
3 5 8
Average He
ight (cm)
pH
Wildtype
Mutant
Figure 1. Wildtype and mutant Arabidopsis plants were grown in metro mix and watered with 3 different pH soluIons once a week. ALer 30 days we saw no difference in height between the wildtype (n = 30) and mutant genotypes (n=36).
0 5
10 15 20 25 30 35
3 5 8
Days to
Flowering
pH
Wildtype
Mutant
Figure 2. Wildtype and mutant Arabidopsis plants were grown in metro mix and watered with 3 different pH soluIons once a week. ALer 30 days we saw no difference in flowering Ime between the wildtype (n = 30) and mutant genotypes (n=36)
SecIons and Content
¨ Conclusions ¤ Remind the viewer of hypothesis and result, and quickly state whether your hypothesis was supported
¤ Be sure to discuss why your results are conclusive and interesIng
¤ Point out both the relevance of your findings to other published work and the relevance to real organisms in the real world
¤ Include the future direcIons of your research, or what you would like to see done
¤ Maximum length: approximately 300 words
SecIons and Content
¨ OpIonal SecIons ¤ Literature Cited
n Include a citaIon if you used a paper for experimental design or used to support your work
¤ Acknowledgements n Thank individuals for their specific contribuIons to your project (equipment donaIon, staIsIcal advice, laboratory assistance, comments on earlier versions of the poster)
n MenIon who has provided funding
SecIons and Content
¨ Any quesIons about what to include on a poster?
Making the Poster – Set-‐Up
q Open PowerPoint q Under the “Home” tab, in the “Slides” secIon,
select “Layout” and choose “Blank”
Making the Poster -‐ Size
q Under the “Design” tab, select “Page Setup” q Under “Slides sized for”, scroll down and choose “Custom” q Enter the appropriate width and height (example: 48” X 42”).
Keep number of slides at “1” and orientaIon at “Landscape” * If these steps aren’t done before creaIng the poster this could
result all your hard work becoming distorted.
Making the Poster – Color Scheme
¨ Think about your color scheme and layout. Remember to keep it simple. Some like to have text or figures in outlined boxes, others think this looks cluTered:
Title
Body
Heading
Title
Heading
Body Body
Heading
Body
Heading Heading
Body
Heading
Body
Heading
Body
Heading
Body
Heading
Body
Title
Heading
Body
Body
Heading
Body
Heading
Body
Heading
Heading
Body Heading
Body
Heading
Body Heading
Body Heading
Body
Making the Poster -‐ Background ¨ In the “Design” tab, you can pre-‐select a “Theme”. Usually a backgrounds without graphics are the best.
¨ AlternaIvely, In the “Design” tab, you can also select “Background Styles”. This gives you the choice of having a solid color or gradient. The best gradients are either very dark or very light so text can be read on top of them.
Making the Poster -‐ Background
¨ In “Background Styles”, select “Format Background”, and you can choose the color.
Making the Poster – Adding Text
¨ In the “Home” tab, go to the “Drawing” tool bar and select the “Text Box” opIon
¨ Draw the Text Box where you want it ¨ Start typing ¨ To change font type or size see blue circle ¨ To change the color of Text Box, select “Shape Fill” in “Drawing” tool bar and select the color and paTern if desired
¨ This is one way to make colored Itle or heading bars
Making the Poster – Add Text to Shapes
¨ In the “Home” tab, go to the “Drawing” tool bar and select a shape that you would like to draw
¨ Right click on the object ¨ Scroll down and select “Edit Text” ¨ Start typing
Increasing pH
Making the Poster – Adding Graphs
¨ Record the data and make the graph in Excel ¤ See sample Excel sheet
¨ In Excel, select the graph by clicking on it ¨ In the “Home” tab of Excel select “Copy” OR once the graph is
selected you can hold down “ctrl+c” ¨ In PowerPoint, in the “Home” tab select “Paste” OR once in your
poster slide hold down “ctrl+v” ¨ The color of the bars will automaIcally change to the color scheme
of the slide theme
0
5
10
15
20
Ler crn-‐1 clv2-‐1 crn-‐1/clv2-‐1
14 dpi
30 dpi
Making the Poster – EdiIng the Graph
¨ To resize the graph: ¤ Place your cursor over the corners, click and drag to resize height and width equally
¤ Us the top, boTom, or sides to resize those separately
¨ To change the layout, color scheme, or edit data for the the whole graph, double click on it:
Making the Poster – EdiIng the Graph
¨ To change the color of a series (i.e. 14 dpi): ¤ Click on one of those colored bars ¤ In the “Home” tab, go to the “Drawing” tool bar and select “Shape Fill” and choose the color you want
¨ To change the color of an individual bar (i.e. Ler 14 dpi): ¤ Click twice on the bar, then change color as above
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Ler crn-‐1 clv2-‐1 crn-‐1/clv2-‐1
14 dpi
30 dpi
Example:
Making the Poster – Adding Tables ¨ Record the data and make the table in Excel
¤ See sample Excel sheet ¤ Remember to fill in table with white background
¨ In Excel, select the table by highlighIng all the cells ¤ Hint: Click the top leL cell, hold shiL down while clicking the boTom right cell, now all cells
should be selected ¨ In the “Home” tab of Excel select “Copy” OR once the table is selected you can hold
down “ctrl+c” ¨ In PowerPoint, in the “Home” tab select the arrow under “Paste” and click “Paste
Special” ¨ Select to past as “MicrosoL Office Excel Worksheet Object”, click “OK”
Making the Posters – EdiIng Tables
¨ You can change the size and even edit cells directly in PowerPoint:
Using “Paste Special” without white background
Using “Paste Special” with white background
Using “Paste”
Treatment Genotype Avg Length (mm) StdEr Control Col-0 70.98 1.65 pH 5.0 Col-0 14.41 0.95 pH 5.9 Col-0 13.34 0.81 pH 7.0 Col-0 8.79 0.33
Treatment Genotype Avg Length (mm) StdErControl Col-0 70.98 1.65pH 5.0 Col-0 14.41 0.95pH 5.9 Col-0 13.34 0.81pH 7.0 Col-0 8.79 0.33
Treatment Genotype Avg Length (mm) StdErControl Col-0 70.98 1.65pH 5.0 Col-0 14.41 0.95pH 5.9 Col-0 13.34 0.81pH 7.0 Col-0 8.79 0.33
Making the Poster – Adding Pictures
¨ There are two ways to add images: ¤ Click on the “Insert” tab
¤ Choose what you want to insert n “Picture” – File is somewhere on your computer
n This will open windows explorer, find the picture you want, click “Insert”
n “Clip Art” – File within MicrosoL Office n This will open a search window in PowerPoint. Enter a keyword for what you are looking for and click “Go”
n Click on the Clip Art you want and it will be added to your slide
Making the Poster – Adding Pictures
¨ Copy and Paste ¤ You can use pictures from the web, but make sure you cite your source
¤ Example: Google search images for “Arabidopsis”
¤ Find the picture you want, right click on it, select “Copy Image”
¤ Go back to your PowerPoint Slide, right click on the slide, select “Paste”
¤ CAUTION: Some images from the web may become distorted on posters because they do not scale well. Try to find images with high resoluIon (600 pixels or higher)
Making the Poster – EdiIng Pictures
¨ Click on the image you want to edit ¨ Go to the “Format” tab
Example:
Tips and Tricks – SelecIng Objects
¨ Moving mulIple objects ¤ SelecIng many:
n Place cursor on slide where you see it as pointer, not the sizing cursor
n Hold down the leL mouse buTon and drag over the objects you want to move
n All objects are now selected within that area and you can move them as a group
¤ SelecIng a few: n Click on the first object you want n Hold down the ctrl buTon or the shiL buTon and click on the second object you want
n You can now move these objects together n This will work for as many objects as you want to select
Tips and Tricks – SelecIng small Objects
¨ SelecIng small objects in a drawing ¤ SomeImes you might draw something and then want to change the color of one of the objects that might be hard to select
¤ In the “Home” tab, go to the “Drawing” tool bar, select “Arrange”
¤ Select “SelecIon Pane” ¤ This will show you a list of all the shapes on the slide and as you click them that shape will become selected on the screen Example:
Tips and Tricks – Grouping Objects
¨ Grouping Objects ¤ SomeImes you will hand draw a figure and it will always be moved together
¤ Select all objects in the figure ¤ In the “Home” tab, go to the “Drawing” tool bar, select “Arrange”
¤ Select “Group” ¤ All selected objects are now one big object ¤ This can always be undone by going to the same menu and selecIng “Ungroup”
Example:
Tips and Tricks -‐ Alignment
¨ A quick way to make everything look neat aLer inserIng pictures, text boxes, or objects
¨ Select the objects you want to align ¨ Go to the “Drawing” tool bar in the “Home” tab, select “Arrange” ¨ Select “Align” and choose the alignment you’d like to perform
Nematode CLE Overexpression in clv2-‐1
Example:
Tips and Tricks – Grids and Guides
¨ SomeImes if you can’t get an object exactly where you want it, turn off “Snap Objects to Grid” ¤ Right click anywhere on slide ¤ Select “Grid and Guides” ¤ Uncheck “Snap Objects to grid”
¨ You can also display a grid on the slide to help align items or balance your poster
Tips and Tricks – EdiIng Objects
¨ AnyIme you want to change the fill or outline of a shape, click on it, and go to the “Drawing” tool bar under the “Home” tab and select what you’d like to edit on the object:
Tips and Tricks
Save OLen
Anything else you want to know about making a poster in PowerPoint?