using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water
DESCRIPTION
Michiel Postema Professor of E xperimental A coustics KIOGE, Almaty 2012. Using ultrasound to separate oil , gas, and water. INSTITUTT FOR FYSIKK OG TEKNOLOGI. Foam and froth decay. bubble radius ~ mm no -slip interfaces: stable film drainage: very slow. In this talk:. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Michiel PostemaProfessor of Experimental Acoustics
KIOGE, Almaty 2012
INSTITUTT FOR FYSIKK OG TEKNOLOGI
Using ultrasound to separate oil, gas, and water
• bubble radius ~ mm
• no-slip interfaces: stable
• film drainage: very slow
Foam and froth decay
In this talk:
• I am going to explain what a foam is;
• I am showing how to get rid of foam;
• I am going to to show how to force coated bubbles in a liquid to form a foam.
Postema M, et al. Ultrasound-induced microbubble coalescence. UMB 2004 30(10):1337–1344.
What is a foam?
Postema M, et al. Ultrasound-induced encapsulated microbubble phenomena. UMB 2004 30(6):827–840.
Expanding bubble coalescence
30 × 30 (µm)²
21 × 21 (µm)²
30 × 30 (µm)²
30 × 30 (µm)²
Postema M, et al. Ultrasound-induced microbubble coalescence. UMB 2004 30(10):1337–1344.
Bubble coalescence within 1 microsecond
High-speed microscopy
Historic cameras
• cameras– 8 – 128 frames– Max. speed (Mfps)
1. 0.001 (Redlake)2. 15 (Brandaris)3. 100 (Imacon 468)
– 10 – 330 ns exposure
• ultrasound– 1 – 10 cycles– 0.5 & 1.7 MHz– P- = 0.04 – 0.85 MPa
Jetting
24 µm bubbleJet 0,33 µs later
60 fl jet volume
Postema M et al. IEEE T UFFC 2002(3):c1; Postema M et al. Med Phys 2005 32(12):3707–3711.
Transducer Manufacture
Multiple Piezo elementsdiced from the same wafer
Transducer Manufacture
Elements lapped down to thickness using slurry of Al2O3 in water
Ag paint for electrode
UV tape as form keeper
Very light S-38 microballoon filled epoxy backing
Pr e
s su r
e
Time
-60 kPa
+60 kPa
2 µs
Microbubbles in an ultrasound field
Postema M et al. Ultrasound-induced encapsulated microbubble phenomena. UMB 2004 30(6):827–840.
• 88 × 58 (µm)² area
• Tx=0.5 MHz, MI=0.09
• Equilibrium radius 6 µm
Microbubble resonance frequencies
Postema M, Hiltawsky KM, Schmitz G. Ultraschallkontrastmittel – Grundlegende Überlegungen. In: Molecular Imaging – Innovationen und Visionen in der medizinischen Bildgebung; Niederlag W, Lemke HU, Semmler W, Bremer C, Eds. Dresden: Health Academy 2006 (1):131–146.
• 88 × 58 (µm)² area/frame• Tx=0.5 MHz, MI=0.67• Equilibrium diameter = 4 µm
Fragmentation
Postema M et al. Presented at Erasmus MC, 2002.
Acoustic tablet smashing
Postema M, Smith AJ. Tablet Processing Unit. UK patent application GB0820586.6 2008; international publication number WO/2010/055337.
• 46 × 30 (µm)² area, solid shell
• Tx = 1.7 MHz, PNP 1.5 MPa
Postema M, et al. Med Phys 2005 32(12):3707-3711.
Sonic cracking
Radiation forces
Kotopoulis S, Postema M. Microfoam formation in a capillary. Ultrasonics 2010 50(2):260–268.
Radiation forces
Kotopoulis S, Postema M. Microfoam formation in a capillary. Ultrasonics 2010 50(2):260–268.
Conclusions
• We have been able to drive microbubbles through saturated fluids, forcing the bubbles to cluster and form microfoams at equal distances.
• These microfoams were then driven out of the fluid.
• Ultrasound-assisted separation is a cheap technique that may have applications on a much bigger scale.
Summary of phenomena
Postema M, Gilja OH, van Wamel A. CEUS and sonoporation. In: Postema M. Fundamentals of Medical Ultrasonics. London: Spon Press 2011 205–217.
Diffusion
Postema M et al. Nitric oxide delivery by ultrasonic cracking: some limitations. Ultrasonics 2006 44:e109–e113.
• 40 × 40 (µm)² areas• Tx=0.5 MHz
• ≈ 1.1/8 kg s–2
= r+t+v+s
Postema M, de Jong N, Schmitz G. The physics of nanoshelled microbubbles. Biomed Tech 2005 50(S1):748-749.
Elastic bubbles
Phase difference petween P(t) and R(t)
Postema M, Schmitz G. Ultrasonic bubbles in medicine: influence of the shell. Ultrason Sonochem 2007 14(4):438–444.