using the metric system a. why do scientists use the metric system? the metric system was developed...
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Using the Metric SystemA. Why do scientists use the metric system? The metric system was developed in France
in 1795 - used in all scientific work because it has been recognized as the world wide system of measurement since 1960.
SI system is from the French for Le Systeme International d’Unites.
The metric system is used in all scientific work because it is easy to use. The metric system is based upon multiples of ten. Conversions are made by simply moving the decimal point.
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What is the basic unit of length?
The meter – a little longer than a yard
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What do scientists use to measure the
length of an object smaller than a yard? A centimeter – one hundredth of a meter, so there are 100 centimeters in a meter
A millimeter – There are 1,000 millimeters in a meter
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How do scientists measure long distances?
The kilometer – There are 1,000 meters in a kilometer
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Which measurement to USE?
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Base Units (Fundamental Units)
QUANTITY NAME SYMBOL_______________________________________________ Length meter m ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mass gram g------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Time second s-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Temperature Kelvin k--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Volume(liquid)__________liter_____________L____________
____
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SI PrefixesPrefix Symbol Multiplication Factor Term
Micro u (0.000 001) one millionthMilli m (0.001) one
thousandthCenti c (0.01) one hundredthDeci d (0.1) one tenth
One Unit 1 one
Deka dk 10 tenHecto h 100 one hundredKilo k 1000 one thousandMega M 1 000 000 one million
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Metric Units Used In This ClassQUANTITY NAME SYMBOL Length meter m centimeter cm millimeter mm kilometer km Mass gram g kilogram kg centigram cg milligram mg Volume liter (liquid) L (l) milliliter (liquid) mL
(ml) cubic centimeter (solid) cm3
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Derived UnitsBase Units – independent of other units-
measureDerived Units – combination of base units-
calculated
Examples density g/L mass / volume (grams per
liter) volume m x m x m = meters cubedVelocity m/s (meters per second
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SCIENTIFIC NOTATION Scientific Notation: Easy way to express
very large or small numbers A.0 x 10x
A – number with one non-zero digit before decimal
x -exponent- whole number that expresses the number decimal places
if x is (-) then it is a smaller -left if x is (+) than it is larger-right
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PRACTICEConvert to Normal Convert to SN 2.3 x 1023 m 3,400,000, 3.4 x 10-5 cm .0000000456
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MultiplyingCalculating in Scientific notation
Multiplying- Multiple the numbers Add the exponents
(2.0 x 104) (4.0 x 103) = 8.0 x 107
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Dividing
divide the numbers subtract the denominator exponent from the
numerator exponent
9.0 x 107 3.0 x 102
3.0 x 105
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AddAdd or subtract
get the exponents of all # to be the same calculate as stated make sure the final answer is in correct scientific
notation form
7.0 x 10 4 + 3.0 x 10 3 = 7. 0 x 104 + .3 x 104 = 7.3 x 104
70,000 + 3,000 = 73000= 7.3 x104
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subtract
7.0 x 10 4 - 3.0 x 10 3 =7.0x 104 – .30 x 104 = 6.7 x 104
70,000 - 3 000 =67,000
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PRACTICEAdd: 2.3 x 103 cm + 3.4 x 105 cmSubtract: 2.3 x 103 cm - 3.4 x 105 cmMultiply: : 2.3 x 103 cm X 3.4 x 105 cm Divide:: 2.3 x 103 cm / 3.4 x 105 cm
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Making Unit Conversions Make conversions by moving the decimal
point to the left or the right using:
“ king henry died unit drinking chocolate milk”
Examples1. 10.0 cm = __________m2. 34.5 mL = __________L3. 28.7 mg = __________kg
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Factor label method /Dimensional analysis Use equalities to problem solve converting units. quantity desired = quantity given x conversion factor
(equality)A-given unitB-desired unitC-given unit A x B C B C must equal 1 use equality sheet
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Equalities You Need To Know1 km = 1000 m1 m = 100 cm1 m = 1000 mm1L = 1000 mL1kg = 1000g1 g = 100cg1 g = 1000 mg
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ENGLISH TO METRIC1 inch=2.5 centimeters1 gal=3.8 liters1lb= 4.4 Newtons1qt = .94 Liters1 ft = .30 meters12 in = .30 meters1 mi = 1.6 Km
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Four-step approachWhen using the Factor-Label Method
it is helpful to follow a four-step approach in solving problems:
1.What is question – How many sec in 56 min2. What are the equalities- 1 min = 60 sec3. Set up problem (bridges) 56 min 60 sec 1 min4. Solve the math problem -multiple everything on top and bottom then divide 56 x 60 / 1