using the ht16e07 to display time temperature and …using the ht16e07 to display time, temperature...

Using the HT16E07 to Display Time, Temperature and Humidity in Electronic Paper Displays Application

AN0461E V1.00 1 / 20 July 16, 2017


D/N: AN0461E

Introduction EPD (Electronic Paper Displays) are implemented using a bi-stable display technique.

The displays consist of a number of microcups or microcapsules, which are filled with

charged coloured particles. The charged particles can move in a liquid environment

under the control of an external electric field to display different colours. When the display

content is static and not changing there is zero power consumption with the display

remaining constant even when power is removed. With its high black and white color

contrast feature, it can be generally called electronic paper.

The HT16E07 is a Holtek segment type electronic paper driver IC, which contains a

120-Segment, 1-Background and 1-Common pins. The IC provides 4 COMBG pins and

can be set to either COM or BG output type according to the desired application. The

output driver voltage has three levels GND, VDL and VDH, which are provided by the

internal charge pump circuit. The 3-wire SPI interface is designed to allow the device to

communicate with a master MCU. It is suitable for use in applications such as segment

electronic shelf labels, medical displays, smart wristbands, message displays,

thermometers and hygrometers, etc. Here a demo board will be introduced which will

display time, temperature and humidity using EPD along with a master MCU which is a

HT66F0185 (28SSOP), and the driver HT16E07 IC.

Operating Principle

HT16E07 Specification Operating voltage: 2.4V~3.6V

3 driving voltage levels: GND, VDL and VDH

120-Segment, 1-Background and 1-Common

Internal Look Up Table, Charge Pump controller and Temperature sensor

3-wire SPI serial interface


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HT16E07 Communication

The HT16E07 can set up functions and transmit data with the master MCU using a 3-wire

SPI interface, as shown below.

Read/Write Operation Timing Diagram

The HT16E07 can implement read/write operations. Write operation can be divided into

the Command type and the Command+Parameter type. Read operations only support

the Command+Parameter type.

Write Operation

Command Operation

When the CSB bit is enabled, the first bit of the SDA pin is “0”, and an 8-bit command will

be output. The CSB bit will be disabled when the data transmission has completed. The

specific operation is shown in the following figure.

Command Type Write Operation Timing Diagram

Command+Parameter Operation

Here a command is transmitted first. When the CSB bit is enabled, a command is

transmitted first. The first bit on the SDA pin is “0”, after which an 8-bit command will be

output. The CSB bit will be disabled when the data transmission has completed. The

parameter will be transmitted after the command has been transmitted. The CSB bit will be

enabled after a delay time, the first bit on the SDA pin is “0”, after which 8-bits of data will be

output. The CSB bit will be disabled when the data transmission has completed. According


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to the corresponding command data format, the next data will be transmitted by repeating

the action of sending the parameter.

Command+Parameter Type Write Operation Timing Diagram

Read Operation

Here a command is transmitted first. When the CSB bit is enabled, a command is

transmitted first. The first bit on the SDA pin is “0”, after which an 8-bit command will be

output. The CSB bit will be disabled when the data transmission has completed. The

parameter will be sent after the command has been transmitted. The CSB bit will be

enabled after a delay time and the device will enter the read data mode. At this time, the

first bit on the SDA pin is “1”, after which 8-bits of data will be received. The CSB bit is

disabled when the data reception has completed.

Read Operation Timing Diagram

Command Introduction

Panel Setting (PSR) Command

Command R/W D/CX Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Def. Address 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00h

Panel Setting (PSR) 0 1 BWR — — — VDLH

_EN DDX SHD_N

RST_N 8Fh

BWR: Black/white or red selection

0: Red. The VDH and VDL values are set by the PWR register.

1: Black/White. The VDH value is fixed at 12V. The VDL value is set by the PWR

register.

VDLH_EN: VDL/VDH voltage source selection

0: VDL/VDH voltage is sourced from the VDL/VDH pin.

1: VDL/VDH option is configured by the internal Charge Pump.


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DDX: Data state selection

0: "0: White；1: Black/Red"

1: "0: Black/Red；1: White"

SHD_N: Charge Pump control

0: Off

1: On

If the SHD_N bit is cleared to zero, the Charge Pump is automatically switched off.

At this time, if the VDLH_EN bit is set high, the driver output pin will be connected

to ground.

RST_N: Reset setting

0: All registers are returned to their default values

1: Normal operation

Power Setting (PWR) Command


Power Setting (PWR)

0 1 — — VDH_LV[5:0] 1Eh 0 1 — — VDL_LV[5:0] 1Eh

VDH_LV[5:0]: The default value is 1Eh，VDH=7.0V.

VDL_LV[5:0]: The default value is 1Eh，VDH=3.5V.

Refer to the HT16E07 datasheet for more details.

Charge Pump ON (CPON) Command

Command R/W D/CX Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Def. Charge Pump ON (CPON) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 04h

After the CPON command is executed, the Charge Pump will start to operate and the

BUSY_N flag will be set high.

The Charge Pump function should be enabled before users access the HT16E07.

COMBG Set (CBS) Command

Command R/W D/CX Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Def. Address 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 05h COMBG Set (CBS) 0 1 — — — — CBS3 CBS2 CBS1 CBS0 0Bh

CBS3: 0: COMBG3 pin is configured as a COM pin.

1: COMBG3 pin is configured as a BG pin.

CBS2: 0: COMBG2 pin is configured as a COM pin







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Frame Rate Control (FRC) Command Command R/W D/CX Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Def.

Address 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 30h Frame Rate

Control (FRC) 0 1 SF[1] SF[0] NF[1] NF[0] — P2 P1 P0 83h

SF[1:0]: On/off frequency during the Charge Pump start-up period

SF[1] SF[0] Frequency 0 0 2MHz 0 1 4 MHz 1 0 8 MHz(default) 1 1 12 MHz

NF[1:0]: On/off frequency after the Charge Pump has stabilised

NF[1] NF[0] Frequency 0 0 2MHz(default) 0 1 4 MHz 1 0 8 MHz 1 1 12 MHz

P[2:0]: Frame rate

P[2:0] Frame rate 000 10 Hz 001 20 Hz 010 40 Hz 011 50 Hz(default) 100 57 Hz 101 67 Hz 110 80 Hz 111 100 Hz

During the Charge Pump start-up period, the default on/off frequency is 8MHz. If the

operating voltage is 3V, it will take 40ms for the VDH/VDL voltage to rise to a stable value.

When the Charge Pump is stable, the on/off frequency is set to 2MHz to reduce power

consumption.

Data Start Transmission (DTM) Command


Data Start Transmission

(DTM) (17-byte

command)

0 1 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 00h 0 1 S9 S10 S11 S12 S13 S14 S15 S16 00h 0 1 S17 S18 S19 S20 S21 S22 S23 S24 00h 0 1 S25 S26 S27 S28 S29 S30 S31 S32 00h 0 1 S33 S34 S35 S36 S37 S38 S39 S40 00h 0 1 S41 S42 S43 S44 S45 S46 S47 S48 00h 0 1 S49 S50 S51 S52 S53 S54 S55 S56 00h 0 1 S57 S58 S59 S60 S61 S62 S63 S64 00h 0 1 S65 S66 S67 S68 S69 S70 S71 S72 00h 0 1 S73 S74 S75 S76 S77 S78 S79 S80 00h 0 1 S81 S82 S83 S84 S85 S86 S87 S88 00h 0 1 S89 S90 S91 S92 S93 S94 S95 S96 00h 0 1 S97 S98 S99 S100 S101 S102 S103 S104 00h 0 1 S105 S106 S107 S108 S109 S110 S111 S112 00h 0 1 S113 S114 S115 S116 S117 S118 S119 S120 00h 0 1 BG — — — — — — — 00h


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VCOM LUT (LUTV) Command

Command R/W D/CX Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Def.

VCOM LUT (LUTV) (16-byte command,

bytes 2~4 repeated 5 times)

0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 20h

0 1 LVL_V1[1:0] FRM_V1[5:0] 00h

0 1 LVL_V2[1:0] FRM_V2[5:0] 00h 0 1 PHS_V[7:0] 00h

LVL_V1[1:0]: (bytes 2, 5, 8, 11, 14): Voltage Level selection(1)

LVL_V2[1:0]: (bytes 3, 6, 9, 12, 15): Voltage Level selection (2)

FRM_Vx[5:0] Level(x) 00 VDL 01 VDH 10 0V 11 Floating

FRM_V1[5:0]: (bytes 2, 5, 8, 11, 14): Number of Frames (1)


FRM_Vx[5:0] Number of Frames (x) 000000 0 000001 1 000010 2 000011 3

: : 111111 63

PHS_V[7:0]: (bytes 4, 7, 10, 13, 16): Number of Phases

PHS_V[7:0] Number of Phases 00000000 0 00000001 1 00000010 2 00000011 3

: : 11111111 255

This command is used to store five phase data for VCOM LUT. Each phase information

consists of three bytes.

BlackBlack LUT (LUT_KK) Command


BlackBlack LUT (LUT_KK)

(16-byte command, bytes 2~4 repeated 5

times)

0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 21h

0 1 LVL_KK1[1:0] FRM_KK1[5:0] 00h

0 1 LVL_KK2[1:0] FRM_KK2[5:0] 00h

0 1 PHS_KK[7:0] 00h

LVL_KK1[1:0]: (bytes 2, 5, 8, 11, 14): Voltage Level selection(1)

LVL_KK2[1:0]: (bytes 3, 6, 9, 12, 15): Voltage Level selection (2)

FRM_KKx[5:0] Level(x) 00 VDL 01 VDH 10 0V 11 Floating

FRM_KK1[5:0]: (bytes 2, 5, 8, 11, 14): Number of Frames (1)

FRM_KK2[5:0]: (bytes 3, 6, 9, 12, 15): Number of Frames (2)


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FRM_KKx[5:0] Number of Frames (x) 000000 0 000001 1 000010 2 000011 3

: : 111111 63

PHS_KK[7:0]: (bytes 4, 7, 10, 13, 16): Number of Phases

PHS_KK[7:0] Number of Phases 00000000 0 00000001 1 00000010 2 00000011 3

: : 11111111 255

This command is used to store five phase data for BlackBlackLUT. Each phase

information consists of three bytes.

BlackBlack: The colour changes from black to black.

BlackWhite LUT (LUT_KW) Command


BlackWhite LUT (LUT_KW) (16-byte command,


0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 22h 0 1 LVL_KW1[1:0] FRM_KW1[5:0] 00h

0 1 LVL_KW2[1:0] FRM_KW2[5:0] 00h

0 1 PHS_KW[7:0] 00h

LVL_KW1[1:0]: (bytes 2, 5, 8, 11, 14): Voltage Level selection(1)

LVL_KW2[1:0]: (bytes 3, 6, 9, 12, 15): Voltage Level selection (2)

FRM_KWx[5:0] Level(x) 00 VDL 01 VDH 10 0V 11 Floating



FRM_KWx[5:0] Number of Frames (x) 000000 0 000001 1 000010 2 000011 3

: : 111111 63

PHS_KW[7:0]: (bytes 4, 7, 10, 13, 16): Number of Phases

PHS_KW[7:0] Number of Phases 00000000 0 00000001 1 00000010 2 00000011 3

: : 11111111 255


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This command is used to store five phase data for BlackWhite LUT. Each phase


BlackWhite: The color changes from black to white.

WhiteBlack LUT (LUT_WK) Command


WhiteBlack LUT (LUT_WK)

(16-byte command, bytes 2~4 repeated 5

times)

0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 23h 0 1 LVL_WK1[1:0] FRM_WK1[5:0] 00h

0 1 LVL_WK2[1:0] FRM_WK2[5:0] 00h

0 1 PHS_WK[7:0] 00h

LVL_WK1[1:0]: (bytes 2, 5, 8, 11, 14): Voltage Level selection(1)

LVL_WK2[1:0]: (bytes 3, 6, 9, 12, 15): Voltage Level selection (2)

FRM_WKx[5:0] Level(x) 00 VDL 01 VDH 10 0V 11 Floating

FRM_WK1[5:0]: (bytes 2, 5, 8, 11, 14): Number of Frames (1)

FRM_WK2[5:0]: (bytes 3, 6, 9, 12, 15): Number of Frames (2)

FRM_WKx[5:0] Number of Frames (x) 000000 0 000001 1 000010 2 000011 3

: : 111111 63

PHS_WK[7:0]: (bytes 4, 7, 10, 13, 16): Number of Phases

PHS_WK[7:0] Number of Phases 00000000 0 00000001 1 00000010 2 00000011 3

: : 11111111 255

The command is used to store five phase data for WhiteBlack LUT. Every phase


WhiteBlack: The color changes from white to black.

WhiteWhite LUT (LUT_WW) Command


WhiteWhite LUT (LUT_WW) (16-byte command,


0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 24h

0 1 LVL_WW1[1:0] FRM_WW1[5:0] 00h

0 1 LVL_WW2[1:0] FRM_WW2[5:0] 00h

0 1 PHS_WW[7:0] 00h


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LVL_WW1[1:0]: (bytes 2, 5, 8, 11, 14): Voltage Level selection(1)

LVL_WW2[1:0]: (bytes 3, 6, 9, 12, 15): Voltage Level selection (2)

FRM_WWx[5:0] Level(x) 00 VDL 01 VDH 10 0V 11 Floating

FRM_WW1[5:0]: (bytes 2, 5, 8, 11, 14): Number of Frames (1)

FRM_WW2[5:0]: (bytes 3, 6, 9, 12, 15): Number of Frames (2)

FRM_WWx[5:0] Number of Frames (x) 000000 0 000001 1 000010 2 000011 3

: : 111111 63

PHS_WW[7:0]: (bytes 4, 7, 10, 13, 16): Number of Phases

PHS_WW[7:0] Number of Phase 00000000 0 00000001 1 00000010 2 00000011 3

: : 11111111 255

The command is used to store five phase data for WhiteWhiteLUT. Every phase


WhiteWhite: The color changes from white to white.

HT16E07 Initialisation

The HT16E07 should be initialised before being used. Before the HT16E07 starts

operation, users should first send a CPON command to start the module and then select

options such as “Black/white or red”, “VDL/VDH selection” etc. using the PSR command.

The COMBGn pin is configured as a COM or BG output by using the CSB command. Set

the frame rate using the FRC command and set the electronic paper output waveform

rules using the commands LUTV, LUT_KK, LUT_KW, LUT_WK and LUT_WW. Refer to

the “Command Description” section for more command details. After the initialisation has

completed, the HT16E07 will operate normally.


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Initialization Process

Hardware Description

System Block Diagram

The master MCU is a HT66F018 with a 28SSOP package type.

Power Circuit

USB is powered by a HT7133

Single CR2032 power supply

12-bit A/D Circuit

Battery voltage sampling

Key Circuit

Mode Selection and function setting

EPD Display Screen - HT16E07

Display information about demo board function

Clock Circuit - HT1381

Used by the demo board to display current time


AN0461E V1.00 11 / 20 July 16, 2017

Application Circuits Overall diagram

Power Circuit

The power circuit is shown in the above figure. The system is powered by an external

power supply and a battery. The external power supply will output a stable voltage of

3.3V using a HT7133 regulator for the system. LED1 is used to indicate whether an

external power supply has been connected. For the battery supply a single CR2032 3V

button cell is used. The external power supply and the battery are connected to the

system VDD pin using the schottky diodes D1 and D2.


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Clock Circuit

The clock circuit is composed of an HT1381 and is shown in the above figure. The

HT1381 can implement both calendar and clock functions using hardware. A 32.768 kHz

crystal oscillator is all that is required when the HT1381 operates with other MCUs. When

using the HT1381, only write the initial date into the relevant registers, after which the

current data value can be read out from the HT1381. Resistors R17, R18 and R19 have a

value of about 100Ω and are used to attenuate any noise signals to improve the

anti-interference ability and ensure system stability.

Display Module Circuit

The master MCU communicates with the Electronic Paper driver IC, HT16E07, using a

3-Wire interface. Resistors R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15 and R16 have a value of

about 510Ω and are used to attenuate any noise signals to improve the anti-interference

ability and ensure system stability. Set the HT16E07 as a master device by pulling high

the MS pin level. Start the Charge Pump by pulling high the SHD_N pin level. The

HT16E07 initialisation, function setting and data updating can all be executed using the

3-wire interface.


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Master Circuit

There are four keys in the demo board which are "UP", "DOWN", "SET" and "SEL" whose

functions are evident by their names. The four keys are pin-shared with I/O pins, all of

which have wake-up functions The MCU will be woken-up from the SLEEP mode when

any key is pressed.

Software Description

Main Program Flowchart and Description

main

System_State1.HT1381_Updata=1;u8_StateMode=1;

RamClean();IO_Initial();

HT16E07_Initial();HT1381_Initial();Timer_Initial();

GCC_CLRWDT();State_Manager();

HT16E07_UpData();Halt_Manager();

Main Program Flowchart

The initialisation functions such as RAM cleaning, I/O initialisation, timer setting,

HT16E07 and HT1381 initialisation are implemented using the MCU power-on program.

After the initialisation has completed ， the Electronic Paper Display will display

“Temperature time display” mode. The system will enter the standby state and will wait

until the key or timer interrupt is triggered. The specific process is shown in the above

figure.


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Operating Mode Switching Program Flowchart and Description State_Manager

Whether the "SET Key" is long- pressed ?

RET

Y

Exit the clock adjustment mode and

save settings

Whether it is in the clockadjustment mode?

u8_StateMode==1 ?

Enter the clock adjustment mode

u8_StateMode==2 ?

u8_StateMode==3 ?

u8_StateMode==4 ?

u8_StateMode==10 ?

Temperature and time display mode

Humidity and time display mode

Temperature and illumination display mode

Humidity and pressure display mode

Clock setting mode

N

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

N

N

N

N

System_State1.HT1381_Updata==1 ?

HT1381_Manager();ADC_Sample();

Y

N

Operating Mode Switching Program Flowchart

The first part of the program is used to detect whether the “SET” key has experienced a

long-press, which means being pressed for more than 2s. If a long-press has been

detected, enter the clock adjustment mode or exit the clock adjustment mode. Enter the

relevant operating mode according to the u8_StateMode value. If the

System_State1.HT1381_Updata is “1”, read the HT1381 current time, detect the current

battery voltage and update the display data.


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Operating Voltage Collecting Subprogram Flowchart and Description

ADC_Sample

whether it isunder Voltage ?

RET

Y

Collect MCU VDD Voltage for a total Of 10 times. After the

maximum and minimum values are removed, the remaining

values will be averaged.

Compare the collected A/D value with the internal low

voltage A/D reference value, and determine whether it is

under voltage

S12=1;Light under voltage icon

S12=0; clean under voltage icon

N

Operating Voltage Collecting Flowchart

The A/D converter will sample the battery voltage value 10 times. After the maximum and

minimum values are removed, the remaining values will be averaged to get the nAdc

value. Then compare the sampled nAdc value with the internal preset M-BatV value, if

the nAdc value is equal to or greater than the M_BatV value, it means that the battery

capacity is normal and a battery under voltage icon can be output. If the nAdc value is

less than the M_BatV value, then this is considered to be under voltage and a battery

under voltage icon can be illuminated.

Key Detecting Subprogram Flowchart and Description

Key_Manager

Check whether the key state changes？

RET

Y

Whether the keys Key_Up, Key_Down, Key_Set and Key_Select have been pressed, and debounced properly

According to the change of each key state, judge that the key is "pressed" or "loosened"

According to the Key_Up and Key_Down keys pressed time, judge that the key is "short-pressed" or "long-

pressed"

According to the Key_Set key pressed time,judge whether the key is "long- pressed (greater than 2s)"

N

Key Detecting Flowchart


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Determine the "SET", "SEL", "UP" and "DOWN" keys level status to see if any of these

keys have been pressed and to obtain the revelant key value. After an appropriate

debounce, get the current "SET", "SEL", "UP" and "DOWN" key values and determine

whether the key has experienced a long-press or a short- press by using the change of

key state.

HT1381 Application Subprogram and Flowchart

HT1381_SetTime

RET

HT1381_Tx(0b10001110);HT1381_Tx(0b00000000);

HT1381_Tx(BurstMode_W);

Write seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months and years in order

HT1381_Tx(0b10001110);HT1381_Tx(0b00000000);

HT1381_Tx(BurstMode_W);

Read seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months and years in order

HT1381_GetTime

RET

HT138 Application Flowchart

As shown, when setting the time, send the command to set the HT1381 to be in a

writeable status, then set to the multibyte readable and writeable mode, the default time

values such as seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months and years can then be

written to the HT1381 in turn. After finishing writing, send a command to set the HT1381

to be in a write protection status. When reading the time, send a command to set the

HT1381 to be in a writable status, then set to the multibyte readable and writeable mode

and then read the time values such as seconds, minutes, days, weeks, months, and

years from the HT1381 in turn.


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HT16E07 Display Subprogram Flowchart and Description

HT16E07_UpData

System_State2.HT16E07_Updata==1？

RET

Y

HT16E07_3Wire_Tx(0,FLG_GetStatus_CMD);nRead=HT16E07_3Wire_Rx();

IO_BUSY_N!=0？

(nRead&0x01)!=0？

Update the HT16E07 display data

HT16E07_3Wire_Tx(0,FLG_GetStatus_CMD);nRead=HT16E07_3Wire_Rx();

(nRead&0x01)!=0？

HT16E07_3Wire_Tx(0,CPOF_ChargePumpOFF_CMD);HT16E07_3Wire_Tx(1,0x00);

IO_CSB=1;IO_MS=1;IO_SCL=1;IO_SDA=1; Enter the SLEEP mode

System_State2.HT16E07_Busy!=0？

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

N

N

N

N

HT16E07 Display Flowchart

When the System_State2.HT16E07_Updata is "1", send a command to enable the

Charge Pump to determine whether the IO_BUSY_N state is idle before updating. Read

the FLG_GetStatus value before updating to determine whether the HT16E07 can

update the FLG_GetStatus value according to the data format in the IDLE Mode. After

the data transmission has completed, read the FLG_GetStatus value to determine

whether the data updating has completed. If it has completed then send a command to

disable the Charge Pump.


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Application Examples

Source Code File

HT16E07_HT66F0185-DB-20170602-AN.z

SCH & PCB Drawing Files

sch&pcb.zip

Operating Description

Demo Board Functional Description The Demo Board can be powered by external an USB interface and battery. When the

key “SW” is set to the "ON" position the system will be powered on. The default time, the

current temperature and weather conditions will be displayed on the screen. Users can

switch the current display screen by pressing the "SEL" key. A long-press of the "SET"

key will allow the time to be entered in the time setting mode. In this mode, switch to

"hour" and "minute" by pressing the "SEL" key. Increase or decrease the "hour" and

"minute" values by pressing the "UP" and "DOWN" keys. Finish the time setting with a

long-press of the "SET" key after completing the above settings.

The Whole Figure SET SEL DOWN UP

SW

USB Interface


AN0461E V1.00 19 / 20 July 16, 2017

Conclusion Based on the features of the HT16E07, this application note has introduced how to use

the HT16E07 driver for electronic paper applications. Combined with the Demo Board

program examples, it should prove helpful for users to quickly learn how use the

HT16E07 device features and functions.

Version and Modification Information Date Author Issue

2017.06.02 郑金显 First Version

Reference Files Reference file: HT16E07 Datasheet。

For more information, refer to the Holtek official website http://www.holtek.com/en.

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AN0461E V1.00 20 / 20 July 16, 2017

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using the ht16e07 to display time temperature and …using the ht16e07 to display time, temperature...

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