using secondary data-lecture 8

8/8/2019 Using Secondary Data-Lecture 8

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Lecture 8: Contents


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Data that already have been collected for

some other purpose;

The data can be used in a variety of ways

to provide the main data set; to provide longitudinal (time-series data);

to provide area-based data;

to compare with research findings.


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Documentary written and non-written

Multiple source secondary data

documentary , survey, or an amalgam ofboth

* times series for longitudinal studies

* Area-based data sets

Surveys including

censuses,

regular and

ad hoc


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Source: Saunders et al. (2006)

Figure 8.1 Types of secondary data


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Finding the secondary data required is a matter

of detective work.

...... a two stage process

1. Ensuring Availability : establishing that the

required secondary data is available:

i.e. Primary, secondary or tertiary sources (Next

Slide.....)

2. Finding the data: Locating the precise data

required


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Flow of information from primary to secondary or tertiary sources, less detailed

and authoritative but more easily accessable.


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Sources

References in publications (books, journal articles)

Within organisations (unpublished sources)

Tertiary literature

( indexes and catalogues in archives or online)


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Finding secondary data

References in published guides (Table 7.1)

Data held by organisations

Data on the Internet (Table 7.2)


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Advantages

Fewer resource requirements

Unobtrusive

Longitudinal studies may be feasible

Provision of comparative and contextual data

Unforeseen discoveries may occur

Generally permanent and available


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Disadvantages

Purpose of data collection may not match theresearch needs

Access may be difficult or costly

Aggregations and definitions may be unsuitable

No real control over data quality

Initial purpose may affect data presentation


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Ensure that data sources .....

enable the research question(s) to be answered

enable research objectives to be met

have greater benefits than their associated costs

allow access


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Evaluating potential secondary data sources

Source: Saunders et al. (2009)

Figure 8.2 Evaluating potential secondary data sources


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Overall suitability: points to consider

Measurement validity: Often measures used do notquite match

e.g. a manufacturing firm may record monthly sales

while you are interested in monthly orders

Coverage and unmeasured variables: ensuring thatthe data cover the population, time and variables that

may answer your research questions and meet the

objectives;

- ensure exclusion of unwanted data

- ensure sufficient data remain for analysis


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Overall suitability: points to consider

Precise suitability, including reliability and validity, i.e.

Functions of the method by which the data werecollected and the source;

assessment of collection methods

clear explanation of collection techniques

Measurement bias and deliberate distortion; Deliberate or intentional distortional of data

Changes in the way data are looked

Costs and benefits

Costs include both time and financial resources

Benefits are the extent to which they will enable you to meetyour objectives by answering the research questions


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Checklist Box 8.9

Complete the Checklist in

Box 7.1, pp229-230

to help you evaluate your secondary datasources

Saunders et al. (2009)


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Regress CGPAL on CGPAB, CGPAFA, CGPAMA, FYS,

MYS, TUITION, PHPD,

that is:

CGPAL = f(CGPAB, CGPAFA, CGPAMA, FYS, MYS, TUITION, PHPD)

Note: Take your notes on the Use of t-statistic;

this is part (c) of your Assignment 7


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Assignment - 71. Define the concepts ofOveralland Precise Suitabilityof data in

terms of materials provided in previous slides as well as in Box7.1.

2. Prepare a list of Internets/websites giving Business related

information/data, including the ones given in Tables 7.2 and 7.3

(business-related ones only). Also include business-relatedwebsites of the Government of Pakistan providing secondary

data (searching on www.pakistan.gov.pk)

3. Write down the procedure adopted for SPSS exercise carried out

on regression, and explain the importance and use of t-statistics.

using secondary data-lecture 8

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