Using Rhetoric Ethos, Pathos & Logos

ETHOS

•"Ethical Appeal"

•Credibility and Character

•Through...

•Appropriate language, sounding unbiased, using expertise, correct grammar and syntax

•Skepticism

•"...consider how much character matters when we think about people, especially those in the public eye" (Lunsford 43).

•Charlie Sheen vs. Tim Tebow

•To validate yourself, use...

•reasonable ideas, reliable/credible sources, appropriate language

•Can speak to readers directly - "You" and "I"

CLAIMING AUTHORITY

•What do you know about the subject?

•What experiences do you have that make you knowledgable?

•Why should the reader pay attention to you?

PATHOS

•"Emotional Appeal"

•Greek for "suffering" and "experience"

•The reader has to TRUST the writer

•Through...

•sympathy, pity, anger

•A "powerful tool for influencing what people think and believe" (Lunsford 30).

•We constantly make decisions based on "gut feelings."

•"...use emotions to connect to readers to assure them that you understand their experiences..." (Lunsford 33)

•To build an emotional connection, use personal anecdotes.

•Humor is often helpful - especially self-depricating

•Satire/Black Humor

LOGOS

•"Appeal to Logic"

•Through...

•Facts, statistics, historical and literal analogies, citing authorities

•We assume facts will help us make the best arguments.

•When facts aren't true.

•UFO sightings, Photoshop

•Facts/statistics are hard to ignore.

•Writers interpret facts.

Practice

What type of rhetoric does the paragraph represent? Why?

This country is more decent than one where a woman in Ohio, on the brink of retirement, finds herself one illness away from disaster after a lifetime of hard work.

This country is more generous than one where a man in Indiana has to pack up the equipment he's worked on for twenty years and watch it shipped off to China, and then chokes up as he explains how he felt like a failure when he went home to tell his family the news.

We are more compassionate than a government that lets veterans sleep on our streets and families slide into poverty; that sits on its hands while a major American city drowns before our eyes.

America has a stake in an Indonesia that plays its rightful role in shaping the global economy. Gone are the days when seven or eight countries would come together to determine the direction of global markets. That’s why the G20 is now the center of international economic cooperation, so that emerging economies like Indonesia have a greater voice and also bear greater responsibility for guiding the global economy. And through its leadership of the G20’s anti-corruption group, Indonesia should lead on the world stage and by example in embracing transparency and accountability.

When I am the nominee, I will offer a clear choice. John McCain won't be able to say that I ever supported this war in Iraq, because I opposed it from the beginning. Senator McCain said the other day that we might be mired for a hundred years in Iraq, which is reason enough to not give him four years in the White House.

If we had chosen a different path, the right path, we could have finished the job in Afghanistan, and put more resources into the fight against bin Laden; and instead of spending hundreds of billions of dollars in Baghdad, we could have put that money into our schools and hospitals, our road and bridges – and that's what the American people need us to do right now.

PAGES TO READ

•Ethos (Chapter 3)

•Cultural Contexts - pg. 52

•Using Ethos - pg. 53

•Logos (Chapter 4)

•Providing Hard Evidence - pg. 56

•Facts - pg. 60-62

•Statistics - pg. 62-66

•Testimonies & Narratives - pg. 66-67

•Cultural Contexts - pg. 70

SOURCESEverything's an Argument. 6th edition. "Examples." Pathos Ethos Logos. Web. 28 Aug. 2013.Obama, Barak. "Remarks by the President at the University of Indonesia in Jakarta, Indonesia." The White House. 10 Nov. 2013. Web. 28 Aug. 2013."Quick Definition." Pathos Ethos Logos. Web. 28 Aug 2013.Suigharto, Setiono. "The ethos, pathos, and logos of Obama's speech." The Jakarta Post. 20 Nov. 2013. Web. 28 Aug. 2013.