using meetings in requirements analysis chapter 14
TRANSCRIPT
Using Meetings in Requirements Analysis
Chapter 14
Chapter Objectives
Learn:– Importance of meetings in needs assessment.
– Preparation activities for the meeting leader.
– Challenges to meeting scheduling.
– Types of meeting tools.
– Process and components to develop agendas.
– Process to lead a meeting.
– Types of meetings for the needs assessment process.
Why Hold Meetings?
Meetings bring several people together to reach specific goals within a set time period.
Needs assessment meetings can be held to:– Share and obtain project status information.– Create an expected deliverable in a working
meeting.– Extract information from participants in a discovery
meeting.
Meeting Planning
Meeting leaders plan to use participants time wisely by:– Preparing well for a meeting.– Inviting the right participants.– Defining the purpose and objectives before
scheduling a meeting.• The meeting purpose should be specific.• The deliverables should be measurable so the meeting
leader can determine if the objectives have been satisfied at meeting closure.
Do We Need a Meeting?
Yes, if:– Multiple people needed
to make decision.– We need commitment
from the group.– Discussion is needed on
information shared.– Topic is complicated and
could use meeting format explanation.
– More than one person needs to share information.
No, if:– Information can be
obtained from SME.– Objective could be
handled one-on-one.– Topic is uncomplicated
and non-controversial.– Information can be
shared through other tools besides a meeting.
Pre-work
Pre-work includes:– Preparing information to share before the meeting.– Collecting information from others needed for the
meeting.– Distributing information to prepare the participants
for the meeting. Pre-work can include developing discovery
questions for the meeting.– These may or may not be distributed before the
meeting.
Participants
Maximum meeting size of 7-10 people is recommended.– Larger meetings can be more difficult for the
meeting leader to manage conversation.
Larger meetings do have a purpose.– They may initiate a needs assessment event prior
to putting the teams into break-out sessions.– They may also be used for sharing project status
information.
SME’s
Subject Matter Experts (SME’s) are very important in needs assessment meetings.– They show and/or explain how the business or
technical processes work today.– They understand the process in exhaustive detail.– They validate that the final solution developed
satisfies the business requirements.
Scheduling Challenges
Short Notice Meetings– The definition of short
notice depends on your company culture.
– Notification options include:
• Sending email request for meeting
• Send a pager message
• Contact via cell phone
Full Calendar Syndrome– Occurs when invitees
participate in meetings most of their work day.
– Options include:• Determine if they really
need to participate• Define the needs and
expectations for invitee’s participation.
• Contact invitee for potential meeting times
Scheduling Challenges
Early Morning Meetings– The time of day may
pose challenges for some meeting participants.
– Consider the following:• Is the start time
reasonable?• Can you give advance
notice of the start time so participants can adjust their personal schedules?
Global Meetings– Projects with global
participants introduce time zone challenges.
– Scheduling options include:
• Adjust meeting time to fit the international participants schedules
• Find common work times between both locations
Scheduling Tools
There are many tools available to schedule meetings.– Microsoft Outlook and Lotus Notes are common
tools.
Prior to scheduling a meeting electronically:– Check invitee calendars for meeting conflicts.– Give plenty of advanced notice.– Be careful not to double book meetings.
Meeting Lists
Pre-meeting checklist.– This helps the leader
prepare for the meeting.– A sample list includes:
• Reserving the meeting room.
• Preparing the agenda.
• Inviting participants.
• Reserve audio-visual equipment if necessary.
• Prepare pre-work materials.
Action items list.– This is created during a
meeting to capture action items based on the discussion.
– The components include:• Action to be taken or
issue to be resolved.
• Owner who will execute action or resolve issue.
• Due date for action or issue.
Ground Rules
Ground rules are often used in longer meetings to assist controlling the discussion.
Sample rules could include:– One conversation at a time.– Respect other views.– Everyone participates.– No foul language.– Conversations remain in the room.
Flip Charts
Flip charts are used to capture lists and diagrams. They are:– A visual reminder to the meeting participants.– Useful to trigger thoughts for discussion.
Flip chart paper is available in adhesive and non-adhesive formats.– Determine if you need tape or thumbtacks before
your meeting for the non-adhesive paper!
Agenda Purpose
An agenda:– Provides an outline to the meeting leader
and participants.– Informs participants of the discussion
topics before the meeting.– Sets expectations for meeting purpose and
expected deliverables.
Agenda Recommendations
A good agenda can be developed if:– The meeting leader solicits topics and
deliverables from team members for agenda development.
– The agenda length is 1 to 2 pages long.– Time limits for discussion topics are listed.
Annotated Agenda
The annotated agenda is a very detailed agenda.
It is used by the meeting leader and scribe.
It expands the agenda to ensure all details are covered in a meeting.
Annotated Agenda Components
Components of the annotated agenda could include:
• Purpose or high-level discussion topic.• Time expectation.• Who participates.• Detailed discussion topics.• Documentation needed.• Facilitation materials needed for topic.• Deliverables.
Leading the Meeting
Follow the agenda to lead the meeting.
Then:– Check for understanding during the meeting to
ensure participants are clear on the discussion.– Encourage full participation by including everyone
in the discussion.– Table issues if necessary to move the discussion
forward.– Give the participants breaks during long meetings.
Remote Meetings
Telephone conference calls.– Use to reduce the need for participants to travel.– Challenges:
• Cannot read body language of remote participants.
Video conference calls.– Use as an alternative for face-to-face meetings.– Challenges:
• Interaction can be difficult when one side of the call dominates the conversation.
Developing the Agenda
Introductions.– This should be the first item on a meeting agenda.
• Necessary when new people are introduced to a project.• Not necessary when the same group of people meets
regularly.
More…
Developing the Agenda
Meeting purpose and objectives.– This clarifies why the group is meeting and what
they plan to accomplish in the meeting.
– Sample objectives could include:• Develop a detailed process flow of the business area.• Determine technical alternatives for architecture solution.
More…
Developing the Agenda
Covering background material.– Include this topic on the agenda to review
additional information with the meeting participants prior to formal topic discussions.
– This can bring all the participants to a similar knowledge level.
More…
Developing the Agenda
Gathering requirements.– This is the core discussion in the agenda.
• Begin with a high-level overview and then expand into more detailed analysis.
• Use diagrams to represent information.• Use discovery questions to lead the discussion.
– Adjust the direction of the questions based on the answers received.
– Document the outcome from this discussion.
More…
Developing the Agenda
Requirements review.– This is another type of core discussion topic.– The process includes:
• Assemble the right group of people for the review.• The analyst who documented the requirements presents
the material to the group.• The group asks questions and the analyst answers.• The group looks for holes in the document.• The analyst makes list of next steps for document.
More…
Developing the Agenda
Design walkthrough.– This is another core discussion topic.
– It applies the same concepts as the requirements review except it focuses on design.
More…
Developing the Agenda
Review lists and make assignments.– This activity walks the group through the
open item and parking lot lists, identifies owners, and assigns due dates.
Closing and wrap-up.– This is a short segment to review next
steps and thank the participants.
Summary
Interviewing is a tool to collect information. Interviews require preparation activities to be
successful. Questions can be open-ended, closed, or probes. There are potential pitfalls to avoid with question
development. Questions can be arranged in pyramid, funnel, or
diamond-shaped structures. Joint application design (JAD) provides an alternative
and additional benefits to the 1-on-1 interview process.
Summary
Meetings help the project team achieve specific goals in a set time period.
Agenda’s and planning are critical to a meeting success.
The number of meeting participants should be contained to a manageable size.
Scheduling meetings can be challenging based on full schedules, late notice, global locations, or meeting times.
Tools such as electronic calendaring, lists, flip charts and ground rules can assist the meeting leader.
Meetings should follow a standard structure.