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Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 00-2______________________________________________________________________________

Using GIS as an AgriculturalLand-Use Planning Tool

Amber L. (Williams) ColemanJohn M. Galbraith

Department of Crop and Soil Environmental ScienceCollege of Agriculture and Life SciencesVirginia Tech

December 2000

This publication available at: http://www.vaes.vt.edu/research/publications/index.html

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Kriton K. Hatzios, DirectorVirginia Agricultural Experiment StationVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburg, Virginia 24061-0402

The Bulletin Series of the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station provides a medium forpublishing information on scientific research. Results presented may be substantive datacollected over a period of years or data from experiments conducted in a single year that netsignificant scientific breakthroughs. Manuscripts considered for publication have a state orregional focus and may be longer articles than would be accepted by the various scientificjournals. Bulletin manuscripts are peer reviewed before publication at both the Department andExperiment Station levels.

To simplify terminology, trade names of products or equipment may have been used in thispublication, but no endorsement of products or firms mentioned is intended, nor is criticismimplied of those not mentioned. Material appearing here may be reprinted provided noendorsement of a commercial product is stated or implied. Please credit the researchers involvedand the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station.

Virginia Tech does not discriminate against employees, students or applicants on the basis of race,religion, sex, sexual orientation, age, veteran status, national origin, disability, or political affiliation.Anyone having questions concerning discrimination or accessibility should contact the EqualOpportunity/Affirmative Action Office.

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Using GIS as an Agricultural Land-Use Planning Tool

Abstract

Soil survey data and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are important tools in land useplanning. Intertwined, they represent an invaluable and underutilized resource. A high intensitysoil survey was created for the Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center(SPAREC) in Blackstone, Virginia. The soils information was recompiled from an uncorrectedaerial photographic base to a USGS topographic base map. Soils data were added to numerousother data layers and images. Interpretation maps, flooding frequency maps, and runoff mapswere created from map unit interpretive records (MUIR). Additional soil and timber data werecollected by field visits. The soil based-GIS made the decision-making process more accurate,automated, and efficient. It is a dynamic product that serves to convert verbal communicationinto visual communication while preventing information overload.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1

OBJECTIVE.................................................................................................................... 4

MATERIALS AND METHODS........................................................................................ 4

LAND-USE PLANNING................................................................................................ 16

CONCLUSIONS............................................................................................................ 22

REFERENCES.............................................................................................................. 23

APPENDIX.................................................................................................................... 24

COVER PHOTOS:

Left - This pond located at the Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center(SPAREC) provides irrigation water for the crops, water for the fisheries research ponds,and eventually water to support the forage/livestock program now under development.Wooded areas provide food and shelter for wildlife, and a portion of this area will bedeveloped for agroforestry research and extension projects.

Right - A view of the SPAREC GIS now being used for land use planning and for organizationof research and extension projects at the Center.

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station timeline 3

Figure 2. Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Experiment Station boundaries 4

Figure 3. Digital Orthophoto Quad (DOQ) and SPAREC boundary 6

Figure 4. 1998 original soil map, 5-ft contours, and the DOQ 8

Figure 5. Recompiled corrected soil map, 5-ft contours, and the DOQ 8

Figure 6. Digital soil survey 9

Figure 7. Streams and 5-ft contours 11

Figure 8. Boulder on east side of SPAREC 12

Figure 9. Example of interpretation ratings for local roads and streets 13

Figure 10. Example of interpretation ratings for septic tank absorption fields 14

Figure 11. Flooding frequency map 15

Figure 12. Index Surface Runoff Class for bare soil 16

Figure 13. Stream and Road Buffers 17

Figure 14. Current Land Use 20

Figure 15. Proposed Research Areas 20

Figure 16 Timber Plots 21

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Soil Legend................................................................................................................ 10Table 2. Estimated Timber Values by Block ............................................................................. 19Table A1. Complete Soil Legend ............................................................................................. 24Table A1. Complete Soil Legend (contd) ................................................................................. 25Table A1. Complete Soil Legend (contd) ................................................................................. 26Table A1. Complete Soil Legend (contd) ................................................................................. 27Table A1. Complete Soil Legend (contd) ................................................................................. 28Table A1. Complete Soil Legend (contd) ................................................................................. 29Table A1. Complete Soil Legend (contd) ................................................................................. 30Table A1. Complete Soil Legend (contd) ................................................................................. 31Table A2. Soil Phases and Counties. ........................................................................................ 32Table A2. Soil Phases and Counties.(cont.) .............................................................................. 33Table A3. Available Interpretation Tables and Maps................................................................ 34Table A4.1 Ratings for Aquifer-fed Excavated Ponds ............................................................... 35Table A 4.1 con’t. Ratings for Aquifier-fed Excavated Ponds (cont’d). .................................... 36Table A4.2 Ratings for Area Sanitary Landfill .......................................................................... 37Table A4.2 Ratings for Area Sanitary Landfill (cont.) ............................................................... 38Table A4.3 Ratings for Camp Areas.......................................................................................... 39Table A4.3 Ratings for Camp Areas (cont.) .............................................................................. 40Table A4.4 Ratings for Daily Cover for Landfill ....................................................................... 41Table A4.4 Ratings for Daily Cover for Landfill (cont.)............................................................ 42Table A4.5 Ratings for Drainage............................................................................................... 43Table A4.5 Ratings for Drainage (cont.) ................................................................................... 44Table A4.6 Ratings for Dwellings with Basements ................................................................... 45Table A4.6 Ratings for Dwellings with Basements (cont.) ........................................................ 46Table A4.7 Ratings for Dwellings Without Basements.............................................................. 47Table A4.7 Ratings for Dwellings Without Basements (cont.)................................................... 48Table A4.8 Ratings for Embankments, Dikes, and Levees ........................................................ 49Table A4.8 Ratings for Embankments, Dikes, and Levees (cont.) ............................................. 50Table A4.9 Ratings for Grassed Waterways .............................................................................. 51Table A4.9 Ratings for Grassed Waterways (cont.) ................................................................... 52Table A4.10 Ratings for Gravel ................................................................................................ 53Table A4.10 Ratings for Gravel (cont.) ..................................................................................... 54Table A4.11 Ratings for Irrigation ............................................................................................ 55Table A4.11 Ratings for Irrigation (cont.) ................................................................................. 56Table A4.12 Ratings for Lawns, Landscaping, and Golf Fairways ............................................ 57Table A4.12 Ratings for Lawns, Landscaping, and Golf Fairways (cont.) ................................. 58Table A4.13 Ratings for Paths and Trails .................................................................................. 59Table A4.13 Ratings for Paths and Trails (cont.)....................................................................... 60Table A4.14 Ratings for Picnic Areas ....................................................................................... 61Table A4.14 Ratings for Picnic Areas (cont.) ............................................................................ 62Table A4.15 Ratings for Playgrounds ....................................................................................... 63Table A4.15 Ratings for Playgrounds (cont.) ............................................................................ 64Table A4.16 Ratings for Pond Reservoir Areas ......................................................................... 65

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Table A4.16 Ratings for Pond Reservoir Areas (cont.) .............................................................. 66Table A4.17 Ratings for Roadfill .............................................................................................. 67Table A4.17 Ratings for Roadfill (cont.) ................................................................................... 68Table A4.18 Ratings for Local Roads and Streets ..................................................................... 69Table A4.18 Ratings for Local Roads and Streets (cont.) .......................................................... 70Table A4.19 Ratings for Sand ................................................................................................... 71Table A4.19 Ratings for Sand (cont.) ........................................................................................ 72Table A4.20 Ratings for Septic Tank Absorption Fields............................................................ 73Table A4.20 Ratings for Septic Tank Absorption Fields (cont.)................................................. 74Table A4.21 Ratings for Sewage Lagoons................................................................................. 75Table A4.21 Ratings for Sewage Lagoons (cont.) ..................................................................... 76Table A4.22 Ratings for Shallow Excavations .......................................................................... 77Table A4.22 Ratings for Shallow Excavations (cont.) ............................................................... 78Table A4.23 Ratings for Small Commercial Buildings.............................................................. 79Table A4.23 Ratings for Small Commercial Buildings (cont.)................................................... 80Table A4.24 Ratings for Terraces and Diversions ..................................................................... 81Table A4.24 Ratings for Terraces and Diversions (cont.) .......................................................... 82Table A4.25 Ratings for Topsoil ............................................................................................... 83Table A4.25 Ratings for Topsoil (cont.) .................................................................................... 84Table A4.26 Ratings for Trench Sanitary Landfills ................................................................... 85Table A4.26 Ratings for Trench Sanitary Landfills (cont.) ........................................................ 86

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This work was part of the non-thesis Master's degree program of Amber L. (Williams) Coleman.Committee members were Dr. John Galbraith, Dr. Lee Daniels, Dr. Lucien Zelazny, and Dr.Matt Eick. The authors appreciate the funding which came through the Virginia AgriculturalExperiment Station. Soil Scientist Robert Hodges provided the detailed soil survey of the center.Mr. Alan Moore provided technical assistance in preparing the GIS imagery. Field work wassupported and enabled by Dr. Gerald Jubb, Dr. James Jones, and Dr. Bill Wilkinson. Mr. TomGallagher of the Forestry Department conducted the timber value assessment. Pond siteinvestigation and technical assistance was provided by Mr. Dennis Green and Mr. JohnNicholson of the USDA-NRCS in Farmville.

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INTRODUCTION

Wise land-use planning involves making knowledgeable decisions about land use and theenvironment. Holistic planning involves input from multiple, interrelated data sources and types.In order to accomplish this feat a great deal of information must be considered simultaneously.Physical and chemical soil information is a vital component in the planning process, reflectingdirectly upon land-use suitability.

Traditional land-use planning involved many different sources of printed informationsuch as soil survey manuals, topographic maps, aerial photographs, vegetation surveys, floodmaps, hydrology maps, and property surveys to name a few. Each source contributed animportant characteristic to the final decision. Human decision-makers were challenged to keeptrack of all this information at once, to understand the interrelationships, and to correlate multipledata sources at single locations.

Publishing of static data sources such as USDA Soil Surveys was infrequent. Thousandsof copies were printed at one time and then distributed. There were no backup copies once thesupply was exhausted. The imagery was dark and copies were hard to read. The imagerybecame outdated quickly in rapidly developing areas. Inclusion of colored maps and figures wasso expensive that they were not added until recent years. Publishing was often a time consumingprocess as well, sometimes taking 10 years to receive the end product.

Today, advances have been made towards extraordinary digital systems for utilization inland-use planning. Computer programs including decision support systems (models),Geographic Information Systems (GIS), spreadsheets, databases, and color desktop publishingprograms contribute to the speed and efficiency of the overall planning process. Also availableare inexpensive, sometimes free, digital photos and images, digital maps, and digital filedistribution options (GeoComm, 2000; Radford Univ., 2000; USGS, 2000).

Conversion of printed information to digital format and integration using GeographicInformation System (GIS) enables land-use planners to correlate multiple data layers to onelocation and manipulate the appearance of the data to visualize trends and patterns. The GIS alsoallows tabular soil information to be georeferenced and easily converted to geographic andinterpretive maps, providing the user with a visual representation of the tabular data.Georeferencing tables allow users to see tabular information for any feature on any map by asimple mouse click.

A GIS allows access to large amounts of information quickly and efficiently.“Geographic Information Systems let you visualize information in new ways that revealrelationships, patterns, and trends not visible with other popular systems” (EnvironmentalSystems Research Institute, 1999). A GIS is a thematic mapping system, meaning you canproduce maps based on themes such as soils or hydrology. Map features can be linked tocorresponding information contained in database tables. Another advantage of GIS is that it is adynamic product rather than a static product, making it is easy to update, edit, and reproducemaps. Multiple layers of maps can be quickly displayed in a variety of overlap, scales, andcombinations to fit the needs of the user.

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The Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center was faced with aland-use planning dilemma, and the Virginia Tech College of Agriculture decided to fund thecreation of a soils-based GIS to assist their decision-making needs. The Center had access to anumber of printed maps and tables and needed a better system of information organization andcorrelation. This paper focuses on a case study of the advantages of using digital informationand on the methods behind creating a GIS for wise land-use planning purposes.

In 1886, the Virginia General Assembly established the Agricultural Experiment Stationas an agency of the state at the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College at Blacksburg, nowknown as Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Figure 1). The Virginia Assemblyappropriated funds for district experiment stations in 1910 (Va. Ag. Experiment Station 1999).In between 1937 and 1972 three small Experiment Stations were established, two in Chathamand one at Charlotte Courthouse. In 1972, the Virginia General Assembly provided funds toconsolidate the three stations into one centralized tobacco research facility called the SouthernPiedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center. The second phase of the Center includedfunding for laboratories and greenhouses was built in 1982 (Jones 2000).

In 1999 in cooperation with the Nottoway County Board of Supervisors, the Centerreadjusted its boundaries as part of the Public Allowance Acquisition in the Ft. Pickett baseclosure process (Figure 2). The green line encompassing the yellow and orange areas designatesthe old property lines. The yellow areas were released and the red area in the southeast cornerwas acquired. The yellow star in the south central portion of the property represents the Centerheadquarters building.

With this new land acquisition, the cropland research areas will be expanded and a largeforage and livestock research area as well as an agroforestry research area will be established.Additional buildings, roads, fences, and livestock watering will also be added. The timber fromthe future cropland and forage areas must be sold in order to fund this expansion project. TheGIS enhanced the timber value estimation capabilities by easily providing comprehensiveacreage and easy visualization of the plot boundaries.

The Center funded this soils-based GIS to assist with the planning process to providecomprehensive, accurate, and visual information. The GIS will be provided to the Centerpersonnel to be used with future research projects and plans. This GIS will also be available onthe Internet where it will be an easily accessible resource for educational purposes by studentsand educators everywhere.

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Figure 1. Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station timeline. (Va. Ag. Exp. Sta., 2000) ).

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OBJECTIVE

Our objective was to develop a dynamic, natural resource-based decision support systemusing GIS to enable efficient and environmentally sound land-use planning.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center is located inNottoway County, approximately 1.5 miles east of the town of Blackstone, Virginia. NottowayCounty lies entirely within the Piedmont physiographic province (Coleman 1960). “The countyis an old plain that has been dissected by many small streams that flow in narrow, windingvalleys” (Coleman, 1960). Geologic formations in Nottoway County, consisting of granitegneiss, granite, hornblende gneiss, diabase, quartz, mica gneiss, and quartz sericite schist, extendin a northeast-southwest direction (Coleman, 1960).

Traded Away

Figure 2. Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Experiment Station boundaries.

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The local climate consists of fairly mild winters with frequent, short, cold spells.Nottoway County averages 191 frost-free days, extending from about April 16 until aboutOctober 24. The area has an average precipitation of 40.88 inches spread throughout the year(Coleman, 1960).

The Center is approximately 1200 acres south of US Rt. 460-Business and north of VARt. 40. A few hundred acres lie west of Military Road while the majority of the area lies directlyto the east (Figures 2 and 3).

The hardware used in creating this GIS included a Pentium III personal computer and acombination light-table and digitizer. Microsoft ExcelTM and Microsoft AccessTM were used tocreate and organize the large soils database. Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.(ESRI) ArcView GISTM software was used for every other aspect of this project includingdigitization, calculating areas, creating buffers, and making any end-product paper maps.

The following data layers were needed to create this GIS: Base map image, topography,hydrology, soils, roads, property boundaries, current land use, flooding frequencies, timbersurvey and values, and various spot symbols such as boulders.

Base data are the most correct in terms of area, location, and topography. Therefore it isthe data used to “base” or register all of the other information to. The base map data consisted ofa 1999 land survey of the property boundaries, the USGS Blackstone East topographicquadrangle, and a USGS Blackstone East Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle (DOQ). A DOQ(Figure 3) is a computer generated image in which displacements caused by camera orientationand terrain have been removed (USGS National Mapping Homepage 2000). In other words, aDOQ is a digital, geospatially corrected version of an aerial photograph. The DOQ used in thisproject had a resolution of 1 meter, which means that 1 pixel in the image represents 1 meter onthe ground. This high resolution allows users to pick out individual roads, buildings, andsometimes even individual trees. The high resolution along with the detailed land surveyallowed us to create a highly accurate digital property boundary.

Other data sources used in this GIS included Digital Line Graphs (DLG) and a variety ofpaper thematic maps. Digital line graphs are digital representations of information contained onUSGS topographic quadrangle maps (USGS National Mapping Homepage 2000). This includesroads, hydrology, and 10-ft contour lines. The hydrologic information provided by USGS wasmapped at a smaller scale and not detailed enough for this study, so new stream data was created.In ArcView, 5-ft contour lines were projected from the 10-ft contour lines to better recognizelandforms like floodplains and steep slopes.

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Figure 3. Digital Orthophoto Quad (DOQ) and SPAREC boundary.

In 1998, Robert L. Hodges created an updated soil survey of the SPAREC property. Hecorrelated a 1974 soil survey of the old property (Pettry and Edmonds, 1974), a 1973 researchreport of the croplands (Pettry and Edmonds, 1973), the 1954 published USDA-NRCS NottowayCounty soil survey at 1:20000 (Coleman, 1960), along with his own mapping. His map wasproduced on an uncorrected aerial photograph at a scale of 1:7920.

To transfer this soils information onto a corrected base it was necessary to recompile it.The 1998 soil survey polygons and property boundary were drawn on a mylar overlay over theUSGS topographic quadrangle using the 10-ft contours as guides. Each map unit polygon and theouter property boundary was digitized and labeled using a digitizer/light table and the ArcViewsoftware. Figure 4 is an example of the digitized version of the 1998 soil survey viewed on topof the DOQ and 5-ft contour lines. Next, we adjusted the 1998 polygon boundaries, using theDOQ and the detailed 5-ft contour lines as improved references. Figure 5 is an example of thenew recompiled and corrected portion of the mylar overlay containing the new corrected soilinformation. Since the new delineation was created with accessibility to more correct base data,the adjusted 1998 polygon lines more accurately reflect the true landform.

The 1998 soil mapping legend was a list compiled from the legends of the other soilsinformation sources. Since the earliest survey, some of the soil series had become inactive, somewere recorrelated, or new series added by USDA-NRCS. A new correlated digital legend was

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created using the Official Series Descriptions (OSD) from the National Soil Data AccessFacility, data from the old soil information, and field checks.

After the soils were digitized, it was easy to analyze areas and counts of map units as wellas check the GIS against the new legend. Some delineations were extremely small (<0.5 acres)or occurred on a small extent (only one delineation of a map unit existed). To simplify thelegend as well as the map, these map units were combined with adjacent delineations and thesoils listed as inclusions.

Figure 6 represents the new corrected soil survey. The yellow map units indicate 0-2percent slopes on hilltops, the green map units are soils on 2-7 percent slopes, pink and purplerepresent 7-15 percent slopes, while the dark colors are soils on a 15-25 percent slope. The blueareas indicate wetter soils that occur on various slope gradients. Table 1 provides a condensedversion of the soil map units. In Appendix Table A1, the inclusions are indicated by the number“2” in the “inclusions” column.

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Figure 4. 1998 original soil map, 5-ft contours, and the DOQ.

Figure 5. Recompiled corrected soil map, 5-ft contours, and the DOQ.

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Figure 6. Digital soil survey.

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Table 1. Soil LegendMUSYMBOL Name Slope Erosion FloodingACB Appling-Cecil sandy loams 2-7% ModerateACB3 Appling-Cecil sandy clay loams 2-7% SevereACC3 Appling-Cecil sandy clay loams 7-15% SevereApB Appling sandy loams 2-7% ModerateASB Abell-Starr fine sandy loams 0-4% None Rarely floodedAWB Appling-Wedowee sandy loams 2-7% ModerateAWC Appling-Wedowee sandy loams 7-15% ModerateAWC3 Appling-Wedowee sandy clay loams 7-15% SevereCeB Cecil sandy loams 2-7% ModerateCeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams 2-7% SevereCeC Cecil sandy loams 7-15% ModerateCoB Colfax sandy loams 2-7% ModerateDNA Dothan-Norfolk complex 0-2% ModerateDuB Durham sandy loams 2-7% ModerateDuC Durham sandy loams 7-10% ModerateHeB Helena sandy loams 2-7% ModerateHeC Helena sandy loams 7-15% ModerateSCBB Spotsylvania-Cecil-Bourne sandy loams 2-7% ModerateSCBB3 Spotsylvania-Cecil-Bourne sandy loams 2-7% SevereStB Starr fine sandy loams 2-7% None Rarely floodedSWBB Spotsylvania-Wedowee-Bourne sandy loams 2-7% ModerateVaB Vance sandy loams 2-7% ModerateVAWB Vance-Appling-Wedowee sandy loams 2-7% ModerateVAWC Vance-Appling-Wedowee sandy loams 7-15% ModerateWAD Wateree-Ashlar sandy loams 15-25% ModerateWAWC Wateree-Ashlar-Wedowee sandy loams 7-15% ModerateWCA Wehadkee-Chewacla complex 0-2% None Frequently floodedWCB Wehadkee-Chewacla complex 0-4% None Occasionally floodedWeB Wedowee sandy loams 2-7% ModerateWeB3 Wedowee sandy clay loams 2-7% SevereWeC Wedowee sandy loams 7-15% ModerateWeC3 Wedowee sandy clay loams 7-15% SevereWhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam 0-7% SevereWoB Worsham sandy loams 0-4% None Rarely floodedZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams 7-15% ModerateZAD Zion-Ashlar sandy loams 15-25% Moderate

The streams were digitized on-screen in ArcView . Lines were drawn based on the 5-ftcontour lines with the DOQ in the background. The stream duration classes were assigned usingthe 1998 soil survey (Figure 7). Solid lines indicate perennial streams while the dashed linesindicate intermittent streams that do not flow year round.

Bedrock outcrops, gravelly spots, boulders, eroded spots, disturbed land, and wet spotsare shown on maps by “spot symbols” because they are too small to be delineated as a polygon.This GIS contains three types of spot symbols: rocks, erosion, and disturbance. The spotsymbols were obtained from the 1998 soil survey and digitized using the 5-ft contour lines andsoil map units as references. Figure 8 shows a boulder on the east side of the property. It is easyto see how this feature would influence future land use.

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The DOQ is an infrared photograph taken during the winter after the hardwood trees havelost their leaves. The softwood trees show up with a red signature due to the reflectancebehavior of the water stored in the needles. Since the hardwood trees have no leaves they showup as brown patches of vegetation. A few of the cropland fields also show up as a brighter red,indicating they are covered with vegetation such as winter wheat.

In order to fullyappreciate and utilizeany soil map, it isimportant to know thecharacteristics of thesoils contained in it. Forinstance, what is thedifference between anAppling sandy loam anda Wehadkee sandyloam? Which is moresuitable to build agreenhouse on? Foranswers to thesequestions it wasnecessary to build alarge database ofmorphological,distributions, physical,chemical, andinterpretive datadownloaded as map unitinterpretive records(MUIR) from theUSDA-NRCS NationalSoil Data Access

Facility (USDA-NRCS NSDAF 1999). MUIR data are listed by soil survey area and containsinformation for all soil series included on the soil survey legend. Nottoway County wassurveyed in 1954, and the MUIR data are out of date and incomplete. To find soil data for everyseries phase in this study it was necessary to search MUIR data sets from surrounding counties.For example, data for the Appling sandy loam map unit on a 2-7% slope was missing from theNottoway County MUIR data but was found in the neighboring Amelia County data. Thecorresponding data were matched by series phase (surface texture and slope) because thesefactors affect the interpretive properties and ratings. Table A2 in the Appendix identifies thecounties of origin for each soil map unit component.

A unique soil series code was created to use as a common modifier for joining data withthe legend because one did not exist to distinguish differences in slope and texture phases. Thecodes are contained in Table A2 in the Appendix. An Appling sandy loam on a 2-7 percentslope is coded as APSLB.

Figure 7. Streams and 5-ft contours.

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MUIR data sets include manytables and a wide variety ofinformation, available from theNational Soil Data Access Facility.This study utilized only four MUIRtables. The “comp” table includes mapunit compositional data such asflooding phase and surface textures.The “layer” table includes physical andchemical data for each horizon of eachseries. The “taxclass” table includesthe taxonomic classification of eachseries. And finally the “interp” tableincludes ratings and limitations for 26different interpretations for each series.Table A3 provides a complete list ofthe interpretations available whileTables A4.1 though A4.26 provide theratings for each interpretation.

These MUIR data sets weredownloaded for each county in the areaof Nottoway County. We added theseries phase code to each table, andused this code to join data fromdifferent tables, using MicrosoftAccessTM. The compiled table wasjoined to the attribute table inArcView . The attribute table storesthe spatial and property information for

each soil map unit polygon. Maps can be created from any information column contained in theattribute table, using ArcView tools.

When interpretations for map units are being created a dilemma exists in correctlyrepresenting a soil complex containing two different ratings. In this study the worst casescenario of the named soil series were mapped. Imagine a soil map unit polygon that containssoil A and soil B, soil A is severely rated for septic drainfields while soil B is rated moderate.This map unit will be mapped as severe since these interpretive maps are created for the purposeof alerting the user to the most limiting hazards for the intended land use.

An example of one of the interpretive maps created is the ratings for site suitability oflocal roads and streets (Figure 9). Green areas represent a slight rating meaning they are themost suitable. Yellow areas are rated moderate and red areas are severe areas having the mostserious limitations. Using the ArcView information cursor, the red area was clicked on toprovide the information for that polygon that is contained in the attribute table. The Worshamsandy loam on a 2-7% slope in Figure 9 is rated severe because of wetness and low soil strength.

Figure 8. Boulder on east side of SPAREC

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Distinctions were given to the ratings of dwellings with basements, irrigation, and septictank absorption field suitability. For these land uses it was important to recognize inclusions ofwet (hydric) soils. Two new rating classes were created to alert users of limiting inclusions. Amoderately rated map unit with severe inclusions was given the rating of “moderate withlimitations.” A slight or favorable map unit with severe inclusions was called “slight withlimitations” or “favorable with limitations.” Figure 10 shows an example of a map with the newratings. The polygon in question is rated moderate with limitations because the soil percolatesslowly but has inclusions of a severely rated soil wet soil.

Figure 9. Example of interpretation ratings for local roads and streets.

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Figure 10. Example of interpretation ratings for septic tank absorption fields.

Included in the comp table are flooding frequency estimates of the map units. Thisinformation was converted from tabular values to a map in ArcView . The map was adjustedaccording to topography and watershed size. The staff at the Center also provided input on theflooding conditions of the area. In Figure 11, the blue areas are frequently flooded, red areas areoccasionally flooded and the green areas are rarely flooded. Definitions of flooding class phasescan be found in Appendix Table A5.

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Soil characteristics in the MUIR data set were used to create new interpretative data. Theindex runoff class was calculated for each map unit for both bare and covered soil. The lowerrange of permeability for the most limiting layer in each named series was considered. The mostlimiting layer in most cases was the third layer containing the most clay content. The soil seriescontaining the lowest permeability of the entire map unit was used as the worst case scenario forthe entire map unit. The bulk density and texture of the most limiting layer was used todetermine saturated hydraulic conductivity class. Slope gradient and saturated hydraulicconductivity class was then used to determine index surface runoff class for bare soil. Therunoff class decreases one class for soils with ample vegetative cover. For example a map unitmoves from high to medium as it goes from bare to covered. (Figures, tables and methods fromSoil Survey Staff, 1993).

Figure 11. Flooding frequency map.

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Figure 12 represents the map made from the index surface runoff class for bare soil. Thecomplete runoff class tables for both bare and covered soil are in the Appendix as Table A6.

LAND-USE PLANNING

The main objective of this study was to provide information to the involved personnel toassist with their land-use planning process. The Center plans to create three large new researchareas funded by income from a timber harvest of the area. A new crop research area, anagroforestry research area, and three large forage/livestock areas are to be created for theproperty. The overall project objectives include creating triplicate forage areas with similar soilcharacteristics

Figure 12. Index Surface Runoff Class for bare soil.

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for research purposes. The center also wants to strategically locate agroforestry research andcropland expansion areas to utilize suitable soils and water resources. Another goal is tomaximize the timber harvest income yet at the same time maintain the aesthetics of the Center.The final decisions were based on wise land use and protection of the environment.

A simple planning formula was used to determine the location and extent of the researchareas. The soils were analyzed for suitability to each of the three research goals. Boulders andsteep slopes were avoided. A predetermined buffer distance around streams and roads was alsoavoided. Proximity to water for livestock and irrigation purposes was considered. Wetlandswere avoided as well as the airfield easement (see Figure 15). Existing roads and railroad trackcrossings that affected accessibility were also a decision factor.

Stream buffers were created to provide streamside management zones for protection fromclear-cutting. 25-ft, 50-ft, and 75-ft buffers were created in ArcView on each side of everystream. The 50-ft buffer was used to protect intermittent streams and the 75-ft buffer protectsperennial streams. For aesthetic purposes, a 75-ft buffer was left around the major roads. Anexample of the buffers is provided in Figure 13.

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A map of the current land uses is proved in Figure 14. The final land use areas (Figure15) were decided upon in a meeting in January 2000. The area west of Military Road wasdesignated as the cropland expansion due to the low slopes and similarity of the soilcharacteristics. The livestock and forage area was assigned to the large northeast corner of theproperty due to area availability, ease of access, and good water resource potential. Thesoutheast corner will be the new agroforestry area due to the lack of valuable timber, steeperslopes, and highly variable soil characteristics. The agroforestry area will utilize the existingtimber in the future research, therefore only a partial timber harvest will be done and the streambuffers do not need to be considered.

Sites for potential water sources were determined by a site visit by local Natural ResourceConservation Service representatives. They utilized maps from our GIS in their decisions.Three potential pond sites were chosen, represented by the yellow triangles in Figure 15.Installing cisterns was a suggestion for an alternative to building a pond. These would functionas underground collection tanks of surface runoff. The water collected could then be pumped upinto livestock troughs or tanks for irrigation purposes. The orange circles indicate these potentialsites in Figure 15.

In March, Dr. Thomas Gallagher and a crew of students completed a timber cruise of thearea. The values are provided in Table 3 and the map of the blocks is provided in Figure 16.The total value of the timber in the property is $1,178,677.

Figure 13. Stream and Road Buffers.

19

Tab

le 2

. Est

imat

ed T

imbe

r V

alue

s by

Blo

ck

Pine

Pulp

woo

dPi

ne C

NS

Pine

Saw

timbe

rH

ardw

ood

Pulp

woo

dH

ardw

ood

Saw

timbe

rT

otal

Val

ue

TR

AC

TV

ol.(

tons

)T

OT

$V

ol.(

tons

)T

OT

$V

ol.(

tons

)T

OT

$V

ol.(

tons

)T

OT

$V

ol.(

MB

F)T

OT

$

AA

A88

1$7

,929

782

$22,

678

560

$29,

120

954

$3,3

3915

5$2

1,70

0$8

4,76

6

BB

B33

13$2

9,81

714

09$4

0,86

117

21$8

9,49

212

05$4

,218

330

$46,

200

$210

,588

CC

C37

1$3

,339

100

$2,9

0034

4$1

7,88

810

10$3

,535

109

$15,

260

$42,

922

DD

D83

8$7

,542

1950

$56,

550

1722

$89,

544

595

$2,0

8318

8$2

6,32

0$1

82,0

39

GG

G22

15$1

9,93

519

00$5

5,10

047

50$2

47,0

0092

6$3

,241

303

$42,

420

$367

,696

SUB

TO

T76

18$6

8,56

261

41$1

78,0

8990

97$4

73,0

4446

90$1

6,41

510

85$1

51,9

00$8

88,0

10

EE

E10

21$9

,189

770

$22,

330

1734

$90,

168

1960

$6,8

6011

58$1

62,1

20$2

90,6

67

TO

TA

L86

39$7

7,75

169

11$2

00,4

1910

831

$563

,212

6650

$23,

275

2243

$314

,020

$1,1

78,6

77

Stum

page

Val

ues

$9.0

0$2

9.00

$52.

00$3

.50

$140

.00

Tim

ber

Val

ues

prov

ided

by

Dr.

Tho

mas

V. G

alla

gher

, Dep

artm

ent o

f For

estr

y, V

irgi

nia

Pol

ytec

hnic

Ins

titut

e &

Sta

te U

nive

rsity

4/4/

00

20

Fig

ure

14.

Cur

rent

Lan

d U

se.

Fig

ure

15.

Pro

pose

d R

esea

rch

Are

as.

22

CONCLUSIONS

The GIS generated by this project, improved and updated the soils information availableto the Center staff and greatly eased the decision making process. It will be easier for the Centerto reproduce customized maps quickly on demand, allowing maps to be created and taken intothe field when they are needed. For example, the crop researchers will be able to add attributetables of past research results to a map of research plots.

The Center will use this GIS for any future land-use planning and in their futureagricultural research endeavors. The decisions were made with a more accurate knowledge baseand were more efficient thanks to the power of the GIS.

Using ESRI Internet Map ServerTM this GIS will be available online in an interactiveformat. It will be possible to view these data layers from normal Internet browsers without anyextra extensions or plug-ins. We hope to educate users about the importance of the relationshipthat soil has on the world around us.

As technology becomes more powerful and less expensive, GIS will expand into morebusinesses, homes, and schools. It is an excellent tool of visualization and analysis that serves toinform and educate.

23

REFERENCES

1. Coleman, C. S. 1960. Soil Survey of Nottoway County, Virginia. USDA-NRCS. Series1954, No. 11. US Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC.

2. Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. 1999. Getting to Know ArcView GIS. 3rded. ESRI: Redlands, California.

3. GeoComm International Corporation. April 2000. Internet Publication: GIS Data Depot.URL http://www.gisdatadepot.com

4. Jones, Jim. April 2000. Personal Interview. Director, Southern Piedmont AgriculturalResearch and Extension Center.

5. Pettry, D.E. and Edmonds, W. J. August 1973. Agronomy Department, VirginiaPolytechnic Institute and State University. Technical Report: Preliminary Soil Informationof the Southern Piedmont Research and Continuing Education Center, Blackstone, Virginia.

6. Pettry, D.E. and Edmonds, W. J. August 1974. Agronomy Department, VirginiaPolytechnic Institute and State University. Technical Report: Soil Survey of the SouthernPiedmont Research and Continuing Education Center, Blackstone, Virginia.

7. Radford University. March 2000. Department of Geography. Internet Publication:Department of Geography’s Geoserver. URL http://www.runet.edu/~geoserve/

8. Soil Survey Staff. 1993. Soil Survey Manual. Agricultural Handbook 18. USDA-NRCS. USGovt. Printing Office, Washington, DC.

9. USDA-NRCS. December 1999. National Soil Survey Center. Internet Publication: NationalSoil Data Access Facility. URL http://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/nsdaf/

10. USGS National Mapping Information. April 2000. Internet Publication: URL http://mapping.usgs.gov

11. Virginia Agriculture Experiment Station. September 1999. Internet Publication: AboutVAES. URL http://www.vaes.vt.edu/about/about.html

25

Tab

le A

1. C

ompl

ete

Soil

Leg

end

(con

td)

Map

MU

SYM

BO

LN

ame

Soil

Soilp

ctIn

clus

ion

Slop

eE

rosi

onF

lood

ing

114B

2A

WB

App

ling-

Wed

owee

san

dy lo

ams

App

ling

501

2-7%

Mod

erat

e

Wed

owee

301

Paco

let

42

Hel

ena

42

Spot

sylv

ania

42

Van

ce4

2C

ecil

42

114C

2A

WC

App

ling-

Wed

owee

san

dy lo

ams

App

ling

501

7-15

%M

oder

ate

Wed

owee

351

Paco

let

52

Hel

ena

52

Cec

il5

211

4C3

AW

C3

App

ling-

Wed

owee

san

dy c

lay

loam

sA

pplin

g50

17-

15%

Seve

re

Wed

owee

351

Cec

il4

2H

elen

a4

2Pa

cole

t4

2V

ance

32

210B

2C

eBC

ecil

sand

y lo

ams

Cec

il85

12-

7%M

oder

ate

Paco

let

32

Hel

ena

32

Spot

sylv

ania

32

App

ling

32

Wed

owee

32

26

Tab

le A

1. C

ompl

ete

Soil

Leg

end

(con

td)

Map

MU

SYM

BO

LN

ame

Soil

Soilp

ctIn

clus

ion

Slop

eE

rosi

onF

lood

ing

210B

3C

eB3

Cec

il sa

ndy

clay

loam

sC

ecil

851

2-7%

Seve

reH

elen

a4

2A

pplin

g4

2Pa

cole

t4

2W

edow

ee3

221

0C2

CeC

Cec

il sa

ndy

loam

sC

ecil

851

7-15

%M

oder

ate

Wed

owee

32

Paco

let

32

Hel

ena

32

App

ling

32

65B

1C

oBC

olfa

x sa

ndy

loam

sC

olfa

x85

12-

7%M

oder

ate

Hel

ena

42

Dur

ham

42

Wor

sham

42

App

ling

32

20A

1D

NA

Dot

han-

Nor

folk

com

plex

Dot

han

551

0-2%

Mod

erat

eN

orfo

lk30

1C

ecil

52

Spot

sylv

ania

52

Wed

owee

52

117B

lD

uBD

urha

m s

andy

loam

sD

urha

m85

12-

7%M

oder

ate

App

ling

52

Col

fax

52

Wor

sham

52

117C

2D

uCD

urha

m s

andy

loam

sD

urha

m85

17-

10%

Mod

erat

eH

elen

a5

2A

pplin

g5

2C

olfa

x5

2

27

Tab

le A

1. C

ompl

ete

Soil

Leg

end

(con

td)

Map

MU

SYM

BO

LN

ame

Soil

Soilp

ctIn

clus

ion

Slop

eE

rosi

onF

lood

ing

6B1

HeB

Hel

ena

sand

y lo

ams

Hel

ena

851

2-7%

Mod

erat

eC

olfa

x4

2V

ance

42

Wor

sham

42

Wed

owee

32

6C1

HeC

Hel

ena

sand

y lo

ams

Hel

ena

851

7-15

%M

oder

ate

Wed

owee

42

Van

ce4

2C

olfa

x4

2A

pplin

g3

29B

1SC

BB

Spot

sylv

ania

-Cec

il-B

ourn

esa

ndy

loam

sSp

otsy

lvan

ia40

12-

7%M

oder

ate

Cec

il30

1B

ourn

e20

1N

orfo

lk4

2A

pplin

g3

2D

otha

n3

219

B3

SCB

B3

Spot

sylv

ania

-Cec

il-B

ourn

esa

ndy

loam

sSp

otsy

lvan

ia40

12-

7%Se

vere

Cec

il30

1B

ourn

e20

1N

orfo

lk4

2A

pplin

g3

2D

otha

n3

28B

+St

BSt

arr

fine

san

dy lo

ams

Star

r85

12-

7%N

one

Rar

ely

floo

ded

Abe

ll8

2W

orsh

am4

2H

elen

a3

2

28

Tab

le A

1. C

ompl

ete

Soil

Leg

end

(con

td)

Map

MU

SYM

BO

LN

ame

Soil

Soilp

ctIn

clus

ion

Slop

eE

rosi

onF

lood

ing

29B

1SW

BB

Spot

sylv

ania

-Wed

owee

-Bou

rne

sand

y lo

ams

Spot

sylv

ania

401

2-7%

Mod

erat

e

Wed

owee

301

Bou

rne

201

Nor

folk

42

Paco

let

32

Dot

han

32

5B1

VaB

Van

ce s

andy

loam

sV

ance

851

2-7%

Mod

erat

eH

elen

a5

2A

pplin

g5

2W

edow

ee5

275

B2

VA

WB

Van

ce-A

pplin

g-W

edow

ee s

andy

loam

sV

ance

301

2-7%

Mod

erat

e

App

ling

251

Wed

owee

201

Cec

il5

2Pa

cole

t5

2H

elen

a5

2A

shla

r5

2W

ater

ee5

275

C2

VA

WC

Van

ce-A

pplin

g-W

edow

ee s

andy

loam

sV

ance

301

7-15

%M

oder

ate

Wed

owee

251

App

ling

251

Cec

il4

2H

elen

a4

2A

shla

r4

2W

ater

ee4

2Z

ion

42

29

Tab

le A

1. C

ompl

ete

Soil

Leg

end

(con

td)

Map

MU

SYM

BO

LN

ame

Soil

Soilp

ctIn

clus

ion

Slop

eE

rosi

onF

lood

ing

53D

2W

AD

Wat

eree

-Ash

lar

sand

y lo

ams

Wat

eree

501

15-

25%

Mod

erat

e

Ash

lar

301

Wed

owee

102

Paco

let

52

App

ling

52

Wat

erW

ater

Wat

er53

C2

WA

WC

Wat

eree

-Ash

lar-

Wed

owee

san

dylo

ams

Wat

eree

401

7-15

%M

oder

ate

Ash

lar

301

Wed

owee

202

App

ling

42

Paco

let

32

Dur

ham

32

1A+

WC

AW

ehad

kee-

Che

wac

la c

ompl

exC

hew

acla

401

0-2%

Non

eFr

eque

ntly

floo

ded

Weh

adke

e40

1St

arr

82

Wor

sham

82

Abe

ll4

27B

1W

CB

Weh

adke

e-C

hew

acla

com

plex

Che

wac

la40

10-

4%N

one

Occ

asio

nally

floo

ded

Weh

adke

e40

1H

elen

a7

2W

orsh

am7

2C

olfa

x3

2St

arr

32

30

Tab

le A

1. C

ompl

ete

Soil

Leg

end

(con

td)

Map

MU

SYM

BO

LN

ame

Soil

Soilp

ctIn

clus

ion

Slop

eE

rosi

onF

lood

ing

2B1

WeB

Wed

owee

san

dy lo

ams

Wed

owee

851

2-7%

Mod

erat

ePa

cole

t3

2H

elen

a3

2Sp

otsy

lvan

ia3

2A

pplin

g3

2V

ance

32

12B

3W

eB3

Wed

owee

san

dy c

lay

loam

sW

edow

ee85

12-

7%Se

vere

Hel

ena

42

App

ling

42

Paco

let

42

Van

ce3

22C

2W

eCW

edow

ee s

andy

loam

sW

edow

ee85

17-

15%

Mod

erat

ePa

cole

t4

2H

elen

a4

2A

pplin

g4

2V

ance

32

12C

3W

eC3

Wed

owee

san

dy c

lay

loam

sW

edow

ee85

17-

15%

Seve

reH

elen

a4

2A

pplin

g4

2Pa

cole

t4

2V

ance

32

99W

hB3

Whe

aton

san

dy c

lay

loam

Whe

aton

851

0-7%

Non

eA

pplin

g4

2Pa

cole

t4

2V

ance

42

Wed

owee

32

31

Tab

le A

1. C

ompl

ete

Soil

Leg

end

(con

td)

Map

MU

SYM

BO

LN

ame

Soil

Soilp

ctIn

clus

ion

Slop

eE

rosi

onF

lood

ing

216B

WoB

Wor

sham

san

dy lo

ams

Wor

sham

851

0-4%

Non

eR

arel

yfl

oode

dH

elen

a3

2A

bell

32

Col

fax

32

Che

wac

la3

2St

arr

32

54C

2Z

AC

Zio

n-A

shla

r sa

ndy

loam

sZ

ion

501

7-15

%M

oder

ate

Ash

lar

301

Wed

owee

52

Hel

ena

52

Wat

eree

52

Van

ce5

254

D2

ZA

DZ

ion-

Ash

lar

sand

y lo

ams

Zio

n50

115

-25

%M

oder

ate

Ash

lar

301

Wed

owee

52

Hel

ena

52

Wat

eree

52

33

Table A2. Soil Phases and Counties.(cont.)Soil Surface

TextureSlope Erosion Flooding Soillabl s5id COUNTY

Norfolk loamy sanderoded

2-7% Severe NOLSEB NC0037 Wake NC

Pacolet sandy clayloam

2-7% Severe PASCLB SC0015 Halifax

Pacolet sandy clayloam

7-15% Severe PASCLC SC0015 Halifax

Pacolet sandy loam 2-7% Moderate PASLB SC0015 AppomattoxPacolet sandy loam 7-15% Moderate PASLC SC0015 AppomattoxPacolet sandy loam 15-25% Moderate PASLD SC0015 AppomattoxSpotsylvania

sandy loam 2-7% Moderate SPSLB VA0080 Chesterfield

Starr fine sandyloam

0-4% None Occasion.flooded

STFSLA SC0072 Nottaway

Starr fine sandyloam

0-4% None Rarelyflooded

STFSLB SC0072 Nottaway

Vance fine sandyloam

7-15% Moderate VAFSLC NC0039 Chesterfield

Vance sandy loam 2-7% Moderate VASLB NC0039 Wake NCVance sandy loam 7-15% Moderate VASLC NC0039 ChesterfieldVance sandy loam

eroded0-7% Severe VASLEB NC0039 Wake NC

Vance sandy loameroded

7-15% Severe VASLEC NC0039 Wake NC

Wateree sandy loam 7-15% Moderate WASLC SC0091 CumberlandWateree sandy loam 15-25% Moderate WASLD SC0091 CumberlandWedowee sandy loam 2-7% Moderate WDSLB AL0046 AmeliaWedowee sandy loam 7-15% Moderate WDSLC AL0046 AmeliaWedowee sandy loam 15-25% Moderate WDSLD AL0046 AmeliaWedowee sandy loam

eroded0-7% Severe WDSLEB AL0046 Wake NC

Wedowee sandy loameroded

7-15% Severe WDSLEC AL0046 Wake NC

Wheaton sandy clayloam

0-7% Severe WHSCLB MD0135 MontgomeryMD

Wehadkee fine sandyloam

0-4% None Occasion.flooded

WKFSLA NC0052 Catawba NC

Worsham sandy loam 0-4% None Rarelyflooded

WOSLB VA0009 Nottaway

Zion sandy loam 7-15% Moderate ZISLC VA0042 PrinceEdward

Zion sandy loam 15-25% Moderate ZISLD VA0042 PrinceEdward

34

Table A3. Available Interpretation Tables and MapsInterpretationAquifer-fed excavated pondsArea sanitary landfillCamp areasDaily cover for landfillDrainageDwellings with basementsDwellings without basementsEmbankments, dikes, and leveesGrassed waterwaysGravelIrrigationLawns, landscaping, and golf fairwaysLocal roads and streetsPaths and trailsPicnic areasPlaygroundsPond reservoir areaRoadfillSandSeptic tank absorption fieldsSewage lagoonsShallow excavationsSmall commercial buildingsTerraces and diversionsTopsoilTrench sanitary landfill

35

Table A4.1 Ratings for Aquifer-fed Excavated PondsMap MU

SYMBOLName Soillabl rating restct1 restct2 restct3

8B1 ACB Appling-Cecil sandy loams APSLB Severe no water18B3 ACB3 Appling-Cecil sandy clay

loamsAPSCLB Severe no water

18C3 ACC3 Appling-Cecil sandy clayloams

APSCLC Severe no water

1B2 ApB Appling sandy loams APSLB Severe no water110B ASB Abell-Starr fine sandy loams STFSLB Severe no water114B2 AWB Appling-Wedowee sandy

loamsWDSLB Severe no water

114C2 AWC Appling-Wedowee sandyloams

WDSLC Severe no water

114C3 AWC3 Appling-Wedowee sandyclay loams

WDSLEC Severe no water

210B2 CeB Cecil sandy loams CESLB Severe no water210B3 CeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams CESCLB Severe no water210C2 CeC Cecil sandy loams CESLC Severe no water65B1 CoB Colfax sandy loams COSLB Severe no water20A1 DNA Dothan-Norfolk complex DOSLA Severe no water117Bl DuB Durham sandy loams DUSLB Severe no water117C2 DuC Durham sandy loams DUSLC Severe no water6B1 HeB Helena sandy loams HESLB Severe no water6C1 HeC Helena sandy loams HESLC Severe no water9B1 SCBB Spotsylvania-Cecil-Bourne

sandy loamsBOSLB Severe no water

19B3 SCBB3 Spotsylvania-Cecil-Bournesandy loams

SPSLB Severe no water

8B+ StB Starr fine sandy loams STFSLB Severe no water29B1 SWBB Spotsylvania-Wedowee-

Bourne sandy loamsWDSLB Severe no water

5B1 VaB Vance sandy loams VASLB Severe no water75B2 VAWB Vance-Appling-Wedowee

sandy loamsAPSLB Severe no water

75C2 VAWC Vance-Appling-Wedoweesandy loams

WDSLC Severe no water

53D2 WAD Wateree-Ashlar sandy loams WASLD Severe no water53C2 WAWC Wateree-Ashlar-Wedowee

sandy loamsWDSLC Severe no water

1A+ WCA Wehadkee-Chewaclacomplex

CHSLA Moderate

slowrefill

7B1 WCB Wehadkee-Chewaclacomplex

WKFSLA Moderate

slowrefill

36

Table A 4.1 con’t. Ratings for Aquifier-fed Excavated Ponds (cont’d).Map MU


2B1 WeB Wedowee sandy loams WDSLB Severe no water12B3 WeB3 Wedowee sandy clay loams WDSLEB Severe no water2C2 WeC Wedowee sandy loams WDSLC Severe no water12C3 WeC3 Wedowee sandy clay loams WDSLEC Severe no water99 WhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam WHSCLB Severe no water216B WoB Worsham sandy loams WOSLB Severe slow

refill54C2 ZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLC Severe no water54D2 ZAD Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLD Severe no water

37

Table A4.2 Ratings for Area Sanitary LandfillMap MU


8B1 ACB Appling-Cecil sandy loams CESLB Slight18B3 ACB3 Appling-Cecil sandy clay

loamsAPSCLB Slight


APSCLC Moderate slope

1B2 ApB Appling sandy loams APSLB Slight110B ASB Abell-Starr fine sandy

loamsABFSLB Severe seepage wetness

114B2 AWB Appling-Wedowee sandyloams

WDSLB Slight


WDSLC Moderate slope


WDSLEC Moderate slope

210B2 CeB Cecil sandy loams CESLB Slight210B3 CeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams CESCLB Slight210C2 CeC Cecil sandy loams CESLC Moderate slope65B1 CoB Colfax sandy loams COSLB Severe wetness20A1 DNA Dothan-Norfolk complex NOLSA Moderate wetness117Bl DuB Durham sandy loams DUSLB Slight117C2 DuC Durham sandy loams DUSLC Moderate slope6B1 HeB Helena sandy loams HESLB Moderate wetness6C1 HeC Helena sandy loams HESLC Moderate wetness slope9B1 SCBB Spotsylvania-Cecil-Bourne

sandy loamsBOSLB Severe wetness


BOSLB Severe wetness

8B+ StB Starr fine sandy loams STFSLB Moderate flooding29B1 SWBB Spotsylvania-Wedowee-

Bourne sandy loamsBOSLB Severe wetness

5B1 VaB Vance sandy loams VASLB Slight75B2 VAWB Vance-Appling-Wedowee

sandy loamsAPSLB Slight



53D2 WAD Wateree-Ashlar sandyloams

WASLD Severe depth torock

seepage slope

53C2 WAWC Wateree-Ashlar-Wedoweesandy loams

ASSLC Severe depth torock

seepage

38

Table A4.2 Ratings for Area Sanitary Landfill (cont.)Map MU



CHSLA Severe flooding wetness


WKFSLA Severe flooding wetness

2B1 WeB Wedowee sandy loams WDSLB Slight12B3 WeB3 Wedowee sandy clay

loamsWDSLEB Slight

2C2 WeC Wedowee sandy loams WDSLC Moderate slope12C3 WeC3 Wedowee sandy clay

loamsWDSLEC Moderate slope

99 WhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam WHSCLB Slight216B WoB Worsham sandy loams WOSLB Severe wetness54C2 ZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLC Severe depth to

rockseepage

54D2 ZAD Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLD Severe depth torock

seepage slope

39

Table A4.3 Ratings for Camp AreasMap MU



loamsAPSCLB Slight




loamsSTFSLB Severe flooding


WDSLB Slight





210B2 CeB Cecil sandy loams CESLB Slight210B3 CeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams CESCLB Slight210C2 CeC Cecil sandy loams CESLC Moderate slope65B1 CoB Colfax sandy loams COSLB Severe wetness20A1 DNA Dothan-Norfolk complex NOLSA Slight117Bl DuB Durham sandy loams DUSLB Slight117C2 DuC Durham sandy loams DUSLC Moderate slope6B1 HeB Helena sandy loams HESLB Moderate wetness percs

slowly6C1 HeC Helena sandy loams HESLC Moderate slope wetness9B1 SCBB Spotsylvania-Cecil-Bourne

sandy loamsBOSLB Severe percs

slowly19B3 SCBB3 Spotsylvania-Cecil-Bourne


slowly8B+ StB Starr fine sandy loams STFSLB Severe flooding29B1 SWBB Spotsylvania-Wedowee-

Bourne sandy loamsBOSLB Severe percs

slowly5B1 VaB Vance sandy loams VASLB Moderate percs

slowly75B2 VAWB Vance-Appling-Wedowee

sandy loamsVASLB Moderate percs

slowly75C2 VAWC Vance-Appling-Wedowee

sandy loamsWDSLC Moderate slope


WASLD Severe slope

40

Table A4.3 Ratings for Camp Areas (cont.)Map MU









loamsWDSLEB Slight



99 WhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam WHSCLB Slight216B WoB Worsham sandy loams WOSLB Severe wetness percs

slowly54C2 ZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ZISLC Moderate slope percs

slowly54D2 ZAD Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLD Severe slope

41

Table A4.4 Ratings for Daily Cover for LandfillMap MU


8B1 ACB Appling-Cecil sandy loams CESLB Fair tooclayey

hard topack

18B3 ACB3 Appling-Cecil sandy clayloams

APSCLB Fair tooclayey

hard topack


APSCLC Fair tooclayey

hard topack

slope

1B2 ApB Appling sandy loams APSLB Fair tooclayey

hard topack

110B ASB Abell-Starr fine sandyloams

ABFSLB Fair smallstones

wetness


WDSLB Fair tooclayey

hard topack


WDSLC Fair tooclayey

hard topack

slope


WDSLEC Fair tooclayey

hard topack

slope

210B2 CeB Cecil sandy loams CESLB Fair tooclayey

hard topack

210B3 CeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams CESCLB Fair tooclayey

hard topack

210C2 CeC Cecil sandy loams CESLC Fair tooclayey

hard topack

slope

65B1 CoB Colfax sandy loams COSLB Poor wetness20A1 DNA Dothan-Norfolk complex NOLSA Fair too

clayey117Bl DuB Durham sandy loams DUSLB Good117C2 DuC Durham sandy loams DUSLC Fair slope6B1 HeB Helena sandy loams HESLB Poor too

clayeyhard topack

6C1 HeC Helena sandy loams HESLC Poor tooclayey

hard topack

9B1 SCBB Spotsylvania-Cecil-Bournesandy loams

BOSLB Fair tooclayey

hard topack



hard topack

8B+ StB Starr fine sandy loams STFSLB Fair tooclayey

29B1 SWBB Spotsylvania-Wedowee-Bourne sandy loams


hard topack

5B1 VaB Vance sandy loams VASLB Poor tooclayey

hard topack

42

Table A4.4 Ratings for Daily Cover for Landfill (cont.)Map MU


75B2 VAWB Vance-Appling-Wedoweesandy loams

APSLB Poor tooclayey

hard topack


WDSLC Poor tooclayey

hard topack


WASLD Poor depth torock

smallstones

slope


ASSLC Poor depth torock

smallstones


CHSLA Poor hard topack

wetness


WKFSLA Poor hard topack

wetness

2B1 WeB Wedowee sandy loams WDSLB Fair smallstones

12B3 WeB3 Wedowee sandy clayloams

WDSLEB Fair smallstones

2C2 WeC Wedowee sandy loams WDSLC Fair smallstones

slope

12C3 WeC3 Wedowee sandy clayloams

WDSLEC Fair smallstones

slope

99 WhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam WHSCLB Fair tooclayey

hard topack

216B WoB Worsham sandy loams WOSLB Poor tooclayey

hard topack

wetness

54C2 ZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLC Poor depth torock

tooclayey

hard topack

54D2 ZAD Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLD Poor depth torock

smallstones

slope

43

Table A4.5 Ratings for DrainageMap MU


8B1 ACB Appling-Cecil sandy loams CESLB Limitation deep towater


APSCLB Limitation deep towater


APSCLC Limitation deep towater

1B2 ApB Appling sandy loams APSLB Limitation deep towater


STFSLB Limitation deep towater


WDSLB Limitation deep towater


WDSLC Limitation deep towater


WDSLEC Limitation deep towater

210B2 CeB Cecil sandy loams CESLB Limitation deep towater

210B3 CeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams CESCLB Limitation deep towater

210C2 CeC Cecil sandy loams CESLC Limitation deep towater

65B1 CoB Colfax sandy loams COSLB Limitation percsslowly

slope

20A1 DNA Dothan-Norfolk complex NOLSA Limitation deep towater

117Bl DuB Durham sandy loams DUSLB Limitation deep towater

117C2 DuC Durham sandy loams DUSLC Limitation deep towater

6B1 HeB Helena sandy loams HESLB Limitation percsslowly

slope

6C1 HeC Helena sandy loams HESLC Limitation percsslowly

slope


BOSLB Limitation percsslowly

slope



slope

8B+ StB Starr fine sandy loams STFSLB Limitation deep towater



slope

44

Table A4.5 Ratings for Drainage (cont.)Map MU


5B1 VaB Vance sandy loams VASLB Limitation deep towater


VASLB Limitation deep towater




WASLD Limitation deep towater




CHSLA Limitation flooding


WKFSLA Limitation flooding

2B1 WeB Wedowee sandy loams WDSLB Limitation deep towater


WDSLEB Limitation deep towater

2C2 WeC Wedowee sandy loams WDSLC Limitation deep towater


WDSLEC Limitation deep towater

99 WhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam WHSCLB Limitation deep towater

216B WoB Worsham sandy loams WOSLB Limitation percsslowly

slope

54C2 ZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ZISLC Limitation deep towater

54D2 ZAD Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLD Limitation deep towater

45

Table A4.6 Ratings for Dwellings with BasementsMap MU


8B1 ACB Appling-Cecil sandy loams CESLB Slightw/L

incl.wetness

incl.shrink-swell


APSCLB Slightw/L

incl.wetness

incl.shrink-swell


APSCLC Mod w/L slope incl.wetness

incl.shrink-swell

1B2 ApB Appling sandy loams APSLB Slightw/L

incl.wetness

incl.shrink-swell


ABFSLB Severe flooding


WDSLB Slightw/L

incl.wetness

incl.shrink-swell


WDSLC Mod w/L slope incl.wetness

incl.shrink-swell


WDSLEC Mod w/L slope incl.wetness

incl.shrink-swell

210B2 CeB Cecil sandy loams CESLB Slightw/L

incl.wetness

incl.shrink-swell

210B3 CeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams CESCLB Slightw/L

incl.wetness

incl.shrink-swell

210C2 CeC Cecil sandy loams CESLC Mod w/L slope incl.wetness

incl.shrink-swell

65B1 CoB Colfax sandy loams COSLB Severe wetness20A1 DNA Dothan-Norfolk complex NOLSA Moderate wetness117Bl DuB Durham sandy loams DUSLB Slight

w/Lincl.wetness

117C2 DuC Durham sandy loams DUSLC Mod w/L slope incl.wetness

incl.shrink-swell

6B1 HeB Helena sandy loams HESLB Severe wetness shrink-swell

6C1 HeC Helena sandy loams HESLC Severe wetness shrink-swell

46

Table A4.6 Ratings for Dwellings with Basements (cont.)Map MU






8B+ StB Starr fine sandy loams STFSLB Severe flooding29B1 SWBB Spotsylvania-Wedowee-


5B1 VaB Vance sandy loams VASLB Mod w/L shrink-swell

incl.wetness

incl.depth torock


APSLB Moderate shrink-swell


WDSLC Moderate slope shrink-swell

incl.Wetness



slope







2B1 WeB Wedowee sandy loams WDSLB Slightw/L

incl.wetness

incl.shrink-swell


WDSLEB Slightw/L

incl.wetness

incl.shrink-swell

2C2 WeC Wedowee sandy loams WDSLC Mod w/L slope incl.wetness

incl.shrink-swell


WDSLEC Mod w/L slope incl.wetness

incl.shrink-swell

99 WhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam WHSCLB Slight216B WoB Worsham sandy loams WOSLB Severe wetness54C2 ZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLC Severe depth to

rockshrink-swell


shrink-swell

slope

47

Table A4.7 Ratings for Dwellings Without BasementsMap MU



loamsAPSCLB Slight






WDSLB Slight





210B2 CeB Cecil sandy loams CESLB Slight210B3 CeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams CESCLB Slight210C2 CeC Cecil sandy loams CESLC Moderate slope65B1 CoB Colfax sandy loams COSLB Severe wetness20A1 DNA Dothan-Norfolk complex NOLSA Slight117Bl DuB Durham sandy loams DUSLB Slight117C2 DuC Durham sandy loams DUSLC Moderate slope6B1 HeB Helena sandy loams HESLB Severe shrink-

swell6C1 HeC Helena sandy loams HESLC Severe shrink-

swell9B1 SCBB Spotsylvania-Cecil-Bourne

sandy loamsBOSLB Moderate wetness shrink-

swell19B3 SCBB3 Spotsylvania-Cecil-Bourne

sandy loamsBOSLB Moderate wetness shrink-

swell8B+ StB Starr fine sandy loams STFSLB Severe flooding29B1 SWBB Spotsylvania-Wedowee-

Bourne sandy loamsBOSLB Moderate wetness

5B1 VaB Vance sandy loams VASLB Moderate shrink-swell


VASLB Moderate shrink-swell


WDSLC Moderate shrink-swell

slope


WASLD Severe slope

48

Table A4.7 Ratings for Dwellings Without Basements (cont.)Map MU



WDSLC Moderate slope depth torock






loamsWDSLEB Slight



99 WhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam WHSCLB Slight216B WoB Worsham sandy loams WOSLB Severe wetness54C2 ZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ZISLC Severe shrink-

swell54D2 ZAD Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLD Severe shrink-

swellslope

49

Table A4.8 Ratings for Embankments, Dikes, and LeveesMap MU


8B1 ACB Appling-Cecil sandy loams CESLB Severe piping hard topack


APSCLB Severe piping hard topack


APSCLC Severe piping hard topack

1B2 ApB Appling sandy loams APSLB Severe hard topack


ABFSLB Severe piping


WDSLB Severe piping


WDSLC Severe piping


WDSLEC Severe piping

210B2 CeB Cecil sandy loams CESLB Severe piping hard topack

210B3 CeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams CESCLB Severe piping hard topack

210C2 CeC Cecil sandy loams CESLC Severe piping hard topack

65B1 CoB Colfax sandy loams COSLB Severe piping wetness20A1 DNA Dothan-Norfolk complex NOLSA Severe piping117Bl DuB Durham sandy loams DUSLB Slight117C2 DuC Durham sandy loams DUSLC Slight6B1 HeB Helena sandy loams HESLB Severe hard to

pack6C1 HeC Helena sandy loams HESLC Severe hard to

pack9B1 SCBB Spotsylvania-Cecil-Bourne

sandy loamsBOSLB Severe piping hard to

pack19B3 SCBB3 Spotsylvania-Cecil-Bourne

sandy loamsBOSLB Severe piping hard to

pack8B+ StB Starr fine sandy loams STFSLB Severe piping29B1 SWBB Spotsylvania-Wedowee-

Bourne sandy loamsBOSLB Severe piping

5B1 VaB Vance sandy loams VASLB Severe hard topack


APSLB Severe piping

50

Table A4.8 Ratings for Embankments, Dikes, and Levees (cont.)Map MU



WDSLC Severe piping


WASLD Severe seepage piping


ASSLC Severe seepage piping


CHSLA Severe piping hard topack

wetness


WKFSLA Severe piping hard topack

wetness

2B1 WeB Wedowee sandy loams WDSLB Severe piping12B3 WeB3 Wedowee sandy clay

loamsWDSLEB Severe piping

2C2 WeC Wedowee sandy loams WDSLC Severe piping12C3 WeC3 Wedowee sandy clay

loamsWDSLEC Severe piping

99 WhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam WHSCLB Severe hard topack

216B WoB Worsham sandy loams WOSLB Severe wetness54C2 ZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLC Severe seepage piping54D2 ZAD Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLD Severe seepage piping

51

Table A4.9 Ratings for Grassed WaterwaysMap MU


8B1 ACB Appling-Cecil sandy loams CESLB Favorable18B3 ACB3 Appling-Cecil sandy clay

loamsAPSCLB Favorable


APSCLC Limitation slope

1B2 ApB Appling sandy loams APSLB Favorable110B ASB Abell-Starr fine sandy

loamsSTFSLB Favorable


WDSLB Favorable


WDSLC Limitation slope


WDSLEC Limitation slope

210B2 CeB Cecil sandy loams CESLB Favorable210B3 CeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams CESCLB Favorable210C2 CeC Cecil sandy loams CESLC Limitation slope65B1 CoB Colfax sandy loams COSLB Limitation wetness droughty20A1 DNA Dothan-Norfolk complex NOLSA Limitation droughty

117Bl DuB Durham sandy loams DUSLB Favorable117C2 DuC Durham sandy loams DUSLC Limitation slope6B1 HeB Helena sandy loams HESLB Limitation percs

slowly6C1 HeC Helena sandy loams HESLC Limitation slope percs

slowly9B1 SCBB Spotsylvania-Cecil-Bourne

sandy loamsBOSLB Limitation erodes

easilyrootingdepth

percsslowly


BOSLB Limitation erodeseasily

rootingdepth

percsslowly

8B+ StB Starr fine sandy loams STFSLB Favorable29B1 SWBB Spotsylvania-Wedowee-

Bourne sandy loamsBOSLB Limitation erodes

easilyrootingdepth

percsslowly

5B1 VaB Vance sandy loams VASLB Limitation percsslowly


VASLB Limitation percsslowly


WDSLC Limitation slope percsslowly


WASLD Limitation slope droughty

depthto rock

52

Table A4.9 Ratings for Grassed Waterways (cont.)Map MU



WDSLC Limitation slope droughty

depthto rock


CHSLA Limitation wetness


WKFSLA Limitation wetness

2B1 WeB Wedowee sandy loams WDSLB Favorable12B3 WeB3 Wedowee sandy clay

loamsWDSLEB Favorable

2C2 WeC Wedowee sandy loams WDSLC Limitation slope12C3 WeC3 Wedowee sandy clay

loamsWDSLEC Limitation slope

99 WhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam WHSCLB Favorable216B WoB Worsham sandy loams WOSLB Limitation wetness percs

slowly54C2 ZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ZISLC Limitation slope drought

ydepthto rock

54D2 ZAD Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLD Limitation slope droughty

depthto rock

53

Table A4.10 Ratings for GravelMap MU


8B1 ACB Appling-Cecil sandy loams CESLB Improbable excessfines


APSCLB Improbable excessfines


APSCLC Improbable excessfines

1B2 ApB Appling sandy loams APSLB Improbable excessfines


ABFSLB Improbable excessfines


WDSLB Improbable excessfines


WDSLC Improbable excessfines


WDSLEC Improbable excessfines

210B2 CeB Cecil sandy loams CESLB Improbable excessfines

210B3 CeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams CESCLB Improbable excessfines

210C2 CeC Cecil sandy loams CESLC Improbable excessfines

65B1 CoB Colfax sandy loams COSLB Improbable excessfines

20A1 DNA Dothan-Norfolk complex NOLSA Improbable excessfines

117Bl DuB Durham sandy loams DUSLB Improbable excessfines

117C2 DuC Durham sandy loams DUSLC Improbable excessfines

6B1 HeB Helena sandy loams HESLB Improbable excessfines

6C1 HeC Helena sandy loams HESLC Improbable excessfines


BOSLB Improbable excessfines



8B+ StB Starr fine sandy loams STFSLB Improbable excessfines

54

Table A4.10 Ratings for Gravel (cont.)Map MU




5B1 VaB Vance sandy loams VASLB Improbable excessfines


APSLB Improbable excessfines




WASLD Improbable excessfines


ASSLC Improbable excessfines


CHSLA Improbable excessfines


WKFSLA Improbable excessfines

2B1 WeB Wedowee sandy loams WDSLB Improbable excessfines


WDSLEB Improbable excessfines

2C2 WeC Wedowee sandy loams WDSLC Improbable excessfines



99 WhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam WHSCLB Improbable excessfines

216B WoB Worsham sandy loams WOSLB Improbable excessfines

54C2 ZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLC Improbable excessfines

54D2 ZAD Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLD Improbable excessfines

55

Table A4.11 Ratings for IrrigationMap MU


8B1 ACB Appling-Cecil sandy loams CESLB Limitation slope soilblowing


APSCLB Limitation slope soilblowing



1B2 ApB Appling sandy loams APSLB Limitation slope110B ASB Abell-Starr fine sandy

loamsSTFSLB Limitation slope flooding


WDSLB Limitation slope


WDSLC Limitation slope



210B2 CeB Cecil sandy loams CESLB Limitation slope soilblowing

210B3 CeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams CESCLB Limitation slope soilblowing

210C2 CeC Cecil sandy loams CESLC Limitation slope soilblowing

65B1 CoB Colfax sandy loams COSLB Limitation slope wetness droughty

20A1 DNA Dothan-Norfolk complex NOLSA Limitation fastintake

droughty

117Bl DuB Durham sandy loams DUSLB Favor.w/L

incl.wetness

incl.slope

117C2 DuC Durham sandy loams DUSLC Favor.w/L

incl.wetness

incl.slope

6B1 HeB Helena sandy loams HESLB Limitation slope wetness percsslowly

6C1 HeC Helena sandy loams HESLC Limitation slope wetness percsslowly


BOSLB Limitation wetness soilblowing

percsslowly


BOSLB Limitation wetness soilblowing

percsslowly

8B+ StB Starr fine sandy loams STFSLB Limitation slope flooding29B1 SWBB Spotsylvania-Wedowee-

Bourne sandy loamsBOSLB Limitation wetness soil

blowingpercsslowly

5B1 VaB Vance sandy loams VASLB Limitation slope percsslowly

soilblowing

56

Table A4.11 Ratings for Irrigation (cont.)Map MU



VASLB Limitation slope percsslowly

soilblowing



soilblowing


WASLD Limitation slope droughty soilblowing


WDSLC Limitation slope droughty soilblowing


CHSLA Limitation wetness soilblowing

flooding


WKFSLA Limitation wetness soilblowing

flooding

2B1 WeB Wedowee sandy loams WDSLB Limitation slope12B3 WeB3 Wedowee sandy clay

loamsWDSLEB Limitation slope



99 WhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam WHSCLB Limitation slope216B WoB Worsham sandy loams WOSLB Limitation wetness percs

slowlyslope

54C2 ZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ZISLC Limitation slope droughty soilblowing

54D2 ZAD Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLD Limitation slope droughty soilblowing

57

Table A4.12 Ratings for Lawns, Landscaping, and Golf FairwaysMap MU



loamsAPSCLB Slight




loamsABFSLB Moderate flooding


WDSLB Slight





210B2 CeB Cecil sandy loams CESLB Slight210B3 CeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams CESCLB Slight210C2 CeC Cecil sandy loams CESLC Moderate slope65B1 CoB Colfax sandy loams COSLB Severe wetness20A1 DNA Dothan-Norfolk complex NOLSA Moderate droughty

117Bl DuB Durham sandy loams DUSLB Slight117C2 DuC Durham sandy loams DUSLC Moderate slope

6B1 HeB Helena sandy loams HESLB Moderate wetness6C1 HeC Helena sandy loams HESLC Moderate wetness slope9B1 SCBB Spotsylvania-Cecil-Bourne

sandy loamsBOSLB Moderate wetness


BOSLB Moderate wetness

8B+ StB Starr fine sandy loams STFSLB Moderate flooding




sandy loamsAPSLB Slight




WASLD Severe slope


ASSLC Moderate droughty slope depthto rock

58

Table A4.12 Ratings for Lawns, Landscaping, and Golf Fairways (cont.)Map MU



CHSLA Severe wetness flooding


WKFSLA Severe wetness flooding

2B1 WeB Wedowee sandy loams WDSLB Slight


WDSLEB Slight



99 WhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam WHSCLB Slight216B WoB Worsham sandy loams WOSLB Severe wetness

54C2 ZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLC Moderate droughty slope depthto rock

54D2 ZAD Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLD Severe slope

59

Table A4.13 Ratings for Paths and TrailsMap MU



loamsAPSCLB Slight


APSCLC Slight


loamsSTFSLB Slight


WDSLB Slight


WDSLC Slight


WDSLEC Slight

210B2 CeB Cecil sandy loams CESLB Slight210B3 CeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams CESCLB Slight210C2 CeC Cecil sandy loams CESLC Slight65B1 CoB Colfax sandy loams COSLB Severe wetness20A1 DNA Dothan-Norfolk complex NOLSA Slight117Bl DuB Durham sandy loams DUSLB Slight117C2 DuC Durham sandy loams DUSLC Slight6B1 HeB Helena sandy loams HESLB Moderate wetness6C1 HeC Helena sandy loams HESLC Moderate wetness9B1 SCBB Spotsylvania-Cecil-Bourne

sandy loamsBOSLB Moderate wetness



8B+ StB Starr fine sandy loams STFSLB Slight29B1 SWBB Spotsylvania-Wedowee-

Bourne sandy loamsBOSLB Moderate wetness


sandy loamsVASLB Slight


WDSLC Slight


WASLD Moderate slope


WDSLC Slight

60

Table A4.13 Ratings for Paths and Trails (cont.)Map MU



CHSLA Severe wetness


WKFSLA Severe wetness


loamsWDSLEB Slight

2C2 WeC Wedowee sandy loams WDSLC Slight12C3 WeC3 Wedowee sandy clay

loamsWDSLEC Slight

99 WhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam WHSCLB Slight216B WoB Worsham sandy loams WOSLB Severe wetness54C2 ZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ZISLC Slight54D2 ZAD Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLD Moderate slope

61

Table A4.14 Ratings for Picnic AreasMap MU



loamsAPSCLB Slight




loamsABFSLB Moderate wetness


WDSLB Slight





210B2 CeB Cecil sandy loams CESLB Slight210B3 CeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams CESCLB Slight210C2 CeC Cecil sandy loams CESLC Moderate slope65B1 CoB Colfax sandy loams COSLB Severe wetness20A1 DNA Dothan-Norfolk complex NOLSA Slight117Bl DuB Durham sandy loams DUSLB Slight117C2 DuC Durham sandy loams DUSLC Moderate slope6B1 HeB Helena sandy loams HESLB Moderate wetness percs

slowly6C1 HeC Helena sandy loams HESLC Moderate slope wetness percs



slowly19B3 SCBB3 Spotsylvania-Cecil-Bourne


slowly8B+ StB Starr fine sandy loams STFSLB Slight29B1 SWBB Spotsylvania-Wedowee-

Bourne sandy loamsBOSLB Severe percs

slowly5B1 VaB Vance sandy loams VASLB Moderate percs

slowly75B2 VAWB Vance-Appling-Wedowee

sandy loamsAPSLB Moderate percs

slowly75C2 VAWC Vance-Appling-Wedowee

sandy loamsWDSLC Moderate slope


WASLD Severe slope

62

Table A4.14 Ratings for Picnic Areas (cont.)Map MU



ASSLC Moderate slope






loamsWDSLEB Slight



99 WhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam WHSCLB Slight216B WoB Worsham sandy loams WOSLB Severe wetness percs

slowly54C2 ZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLC Moderate slope percs

slowly54D2 ZAD Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLD Severe slope

63

Table A4.15 Ratings for PlaygroundsMap MU


8B1 ACB Appling-Cecil sandy loams CESLB Moderate slope smallstones


APSCLB Moderate slope smallstones


APSCLC Severe slope

1B2 ApB Appling sandy loams APSLB Moderate slope smallstones


STFSLB Moderate slope smallstones

wetness


WDSLB Moderate slope smallstones


WDSLC Severe slope


WDSLEC Severe slope

210B2 CeB Cecil sandy loams CESLB Moderate slope smallstones

210B3 CeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams CESCLB Moderate slope smallstones

210C2 CeC Cecil sandy loams CESLC Severe slope65B1 CoB Colfax sandy loams COSLB Severe wetness20A1 DNA Dothan-Norfolk complex NOLSA Slight117Bl DuB Durham sandy loams DUSLB Moderate slope117C2 DuC Durham sandy loams DUSLC Severe slope6B1 HeB Helena sandy loams HESLB Moderate slope wetness percs

slowly6C1 HeC Helena sandy loams HESLC Severe slope9B1 SCBB Spotsylvania-Cecil-Bourne

sandy loamsBOSLB Moderate slope small

stoneswetness


BOSLB Moderate slope smallstones

wetness

8B+ StB Starr fine sandy loams STFSLB Moderate slope29B1 SWBB Spotsylvania-Wedowee-

Bourne sandy loamsBOSLB Moderate slope small

stoneswetness

5B1 VaB Vance sandy loams VASLB Moderate slope smallstones


VASLB Moderate slope smallstones

64

Table A4.15 Ratings for Playgrounds (cont.)Map MU



WDSLC Severe slope


WASLD Severe slope


WDSLC Severe slope


CHSLA Severe wetness flooding


WKFSLA Severe wetness flooding

2B1 WeB Wedowee sandy loams WDSLB Moderate slope smallstones


WDSLEB Moderate slope smallstones

2C2 WeC Wedowee sandy loams WDSLC Severe slope12C3 WeC3 Wedowee sandy clay

loamsWDSLEC Severe slope

99 WhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam WHSCLB Moderate slope smallstones

216B WoB Worsham sandy loams WOSLB Severe wetness percsslowly

54C2 ZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ZISLC Severe slope54D2 ZAD Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLD Severe slope

65

Table A4.16 Ratings for Pond Reservoir AreasMap MU


8B1 ACB Appling-Cecil sandy loams CESLB Moderate seepage slope18B3 ACB3 Appling-Cecil sandy clay

loamsAPSCLB Moderate seepage slope


APSCLC Severe slope

1B2 ApB Appling sandy loams APSLB Moderate seepage slope110B ASB Abell-Starr fine sandy

loamsABFSLB Severe seepage


WDSLB Moderate seepage slope


WDSLC Severe slope


WDSLEC Severe slope

210B2 CeB Cecil sandy loams CESLB Moderate seepage slope210B3 CeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams CESCLB Moderate seepage slope210C2 CeC Cecil sandy loams CESLC Severe slope65B1 CoB Colfax sandy loams COSLB Moderate seepage slope20A1 DNA Dothan-Norfolk complex NOLSA Moderate seepage117Bl DuB Durham sandy loams DUSLB Slight117C2 DuC Durham sandy loams DUSLC Slight6B1 HeB Helena sandy loams HESLB Moderate slope6C1 HeC Helena sandy loams HESLC Severe slope9B1 SCBB Spotsylvania-Cecil-Bourne

sandy loamsBOSLB Moderate seepage slope


BOSLB Moderate seepage slope

8B+ StB Starr fine sandy loams STFSLB Moderate seepage29B1 SWBB Spotsylvania-Wedowee-

Bourne sandy loamsBOSLB Moderate seepage slope

5B1 VaB Vance sandy loams VASLB Moderate slope75B2 VAWB Vance-Appling-Wedowee

sandy loamsAPSLB Moderate seepage slope


WDSLC Severe slope


WASLD Severe seepage slope


ASSLC Severe seepage slope

66

Table A4.16 Ratings for Pond Reservoir Areas (cont.)Map MU



CHSLA Moderate seepage


WKFSLA Moderate seepage

2B1 WeB Wedowee sandy loams WDSLB Moderate seepage slope12B3 WeB3 Wedowee sandy clay

loamsWDSLEB Moderate seepage slope



99 WhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam WHSCLB Moderate seepage slope216B WoB Worsham sandy loams WOSLB Moderate slope54C2 ZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLC Severe seepage slope54D2 ZAD Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLD Severe seepage slope

67

Table A4.17 Ratings for RoadfillMap MU


8B1 ACB Appling-Cecil sandy loams CESLB Fair lowstrength


APSCLB Fair lowstrength


APSCLC Fair lowstrength

1B2 ApB Appling sandy loams APSLB Fair lowstrength


STFSLB Fair lowstrength

shrink-swell


WDSLB Fair lowstrength


WDSLC Fair lowstrength


WDSLEC Fair lowstrength

210B2 CeB Cecil sandy loams CESLB Fair lowstrength

210B3 CeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams CESCLB Fair lowstrength

210C2 CeC Cecil sandy loams CESLC Fair lowstrength

65B1 CoB Colfax sandy loams COSLB Poor wetness20A1 DNA Dothan-Norfolk complex NOLSA Good117Bl DuB Durham sandy loams DUSLB Good117C2 DuC Durham sandy loams DUSLC Good6B1 HeB Helena sandy loams HESLB Poor shrink-

swelllowstrength

6C1 HeC Helena sandy loams HESLC Poor shrink-swell

lowstrength


BOSLB Poor lowstrength



8B+ StB Starr fine sandy loams STFSLB Fair lowstrength

shrink-swell



5B1 VaB Vance sandy loams VASLB Poor lowstrength

68

Table A4.17 Ratings for Roadfill (cont.)Map MU



VASLB Poor lowstrength


WDSLC Poor lowstrength


WASLD Poor depth torock


WDSLC Poor depth torock


CHSLA Poor lowstrength

wetness


WKFSLA Poor lowstrength

wetness

2B1 WeB Wedowee sandy loams WDSLB Good12B3 WeB3 Wedowee sandy clay

loamsWDSLEB Good

2C2 WeC Wedowee sandy loams WDSLC Good12C3 WeC3 Wedowee sandy clay

loamsWDSLEC Good

99 WhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam WHSCLB Fair lowstrength

216B WoB Worsham sandy loams WOSLB Poor wetness lowstrength

lowstrength

54C2 ZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ZISLC Poor depth torock

shrink-swell

lowstrength

54D2 ZAD Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLD Poor depth torock

shrink-swell

lowstrength

69

Table A4.18 Ratings for Local Roads and StreetsMap MU


8B1 ACB Appling-Cecil sandy loams CESLB Moderate lowstrength


APSCLB Moderate lowstrength


APSCLC Moderate lowstrength

slope

1B2 ApB Appling sandy loams APSLB Moderate lowstrength


ABFSLB Moderate shrink-swell

lowstrength

flooding


WDSLB Moderate lowstrength


WDSLC Moderate lowstrength

slope


WDSLEC Moderate lowstrength

slope

210B2 CeB Cecil sandy loams CESLB Moderate lowstrength

210B3 CeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams CESCLB Moderate lowstrength

210C2 CeC Cecil sandy loams CESLC Moderate lowstrength

slope

65B1 CoB Colfax sandy loams COSLB Severe wetness20A1 DNA Dothan-Norfolk complex NOLSA Slight117Bl DuB Durham sandy loams DUSLB Slight117C2 DuC Durham sandy loams DUSLC Moderate slope6B1 HeB Helena sandy loams HESLB Severe shrink-

swelllowstrength

6C1 HeC Helena sandy loams HESLC Severe shrink-swell

lowstrength


BOSLB Severe lowstrength



8B+ StB Starr fine sandy loams STFSLB Moderate shrink-swell

lowstrength

flooding



5B1 VaB Vance sandy loams VASLB Severe lowstrength

70

Table A4.18 Ratings for Local Roads and Streets (cont.)Map MU



APSLB Severe lowstrength


WDSLC Severe lowstrength


WASLD Severe slope


ASSLC Moderate lowstrength

slope


CHSLA Severe lowstrength

wetness flooding


WKFSLA Severe lowstrength

wetness flooding

2B1 WeB Wedowee sandy loams WDSLB Moderate lowstrength


WDSLEB Moderate lowstrength

2C2 WeC Wedowee sandy loams WDSLC Moderate lowstrength

slope


WDSLEC Moderate lowstrength

slope

99 WhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam WHSCLB Moderate lowstrength

216B WoB Worsham sandy loams WOSLB Severe wetness lowstrength

54C2 ZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLC Severe shrink-swell

lowstrength

54D2 ZAD Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLD Severe shrink-swell

lowstrength

Slope

71

Table A4.19 Ratings for SandMap MU


8B1 ACB Appling-Cecil sandy loams CESLB Improbable excessfines


APSCLB Improbable excessfines


APSCLC Improbable excessfines

1B2 ApB Appling sandy loams APSLB Improbable excessfines


STFSLB Improbable excessfines


WDSLB Improbable excessfines





210B2 CeB Cecil sandy loams CESLB Improbable excessfines

210B3 CeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams CESCLB Improbable excessfines

210C2 CeC Cecil sandy loams CESLC Improbable excessfines

65B1 CoB Colfax sandy loams COSLB Improbable excessfines

20A1 DNA Dothan-Norfolk complex NOLSA Improbable excessfines

117Bl DuB Durham sandy loams DUSLB Improbable excessfines

117C2 DuC Durham sandy loams DUSLC Improbable excessfines

6B1 HeB Helena sandy loams HESLB Improbable excessfines

6C1 HeC Helena sandy loams HESLC Improbable excessfines





8B+ StB Starr fine sandy loams STFSLB Improbable excessfines

72

Table A4.19 Ratings for Sand (cont.)Map MU




5B1 VaB Vance sandy loams VASLB Improbable excessfines


VASLB Improbable excessfines




WASLD Improbable excessfines




CHSLA Improbable excessfines


WKFSLA

Improbable excessfines

2B1 WeB Wedowee sandy loams WDSLB Improbable excessfines


WDSLEB


2C2 WeC Wedowee sandy loams WDSLC Improbable excessfines


WDSLEC


99 WhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam WHSCLB


216B WoB Worsham sandy loams WOSLB Improbable excessfines

54C2 ZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ZISLC Improbable excessfines

54D2 ZAD Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLD Improbable excessfines

73

Table A4.20 Ratings for Septic Tank Absorption FieldsMap MU


8B1 ACB Appling-Cecil sandy loams CESLB Mod w/L percsslowly

inclwetness


APSCLB Mod w/L percsslowly

inclwetness


APSCLC Mod w/L percsslowly

slope inclwetness

1B2 ApB Appling sandy loams APSLB Mod w/L percsslowly

inclwetness


ABFSLB Severe wetness


WDSLB Mod w/L percsslowly

inclwetness


WDSLC Mod w/L percsslowly

slope inclwetness


WDSLEC Mod w/L percsslowly

slope inclwetness

210B2 CeB Cecil sandy loams CESLB Mod w/L percsslowly

inclwetness

210B3 CeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams CESCLB Mod w/L percsslowly

inclwetness

210C2 CeC Cecil sandy loams CESLC Mod w/L percsslowly

slope inclwetness

65B1 CoB Colfax sandy loams COSLB Severe wetness percsslowly

20A1 DNA Dothan-Norfolk complex NOLSA Severe wetness percsslowly

117Bl DuB Durham sandy loams DUSLB Mod w/L percsslowly

inclwetness

117C2 DuC Durham sandy loams DUSLC Mod w/L percsslowly

slope inclwetness

6B1 HeB Helena sandy loams HESLB Severe wetness percsslowly

6C1 HeC Helena sandy loams HESLC Severe wetness percsslowly


BOSLB Severe wetness percsslowly



8B+ StB Starr fine sandy loams STFSLB Mod w/L flooding inclwetness

74

Table A4.20 Ratings for Septic Tank Absorption Fields (cont.)Map MU




5B1 VaB Vance sandy loams VASLB Severe percsslowly


APSLB Severe percsslowly


WDSLC Severe percsslowly



slope







2B1 WeB Wedowee sandy loams WDSLB Mod w/L percsslowly

inclwetness


WDSLEB Mod w/L percsslowly

inclwetness

2C2 WeC Wedowee sandy loams WDSLC Mod w/L percsslowly

slope inclwetness


WDSLEC Mod w/L percsslowly

slope inclwetness

99 WhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam WHSCLB Mod w/L percsslowly

inclwetness

216B WoB Worsham sandy loams WOSLB Severe percsslowly

wetness

54C2 ZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLC Severe depth torock

percsslowly


percsslowly

75

Table A4.21 Ratings for Sewage LagoonsMap MU


8B1 ACB Appling-Cecil sandy loams CESLB Moderate seepage slope18B3 ACB3 Appling-Cecil sandy clay

loamsAPSCLB Moderate seepage slope


APSCLC Severe slope

1B2 ApB Appling sandy loams APSLB Moderate seepage slope110B ASB Abell-Starr fine sandy



WDSLB Moderate seepage slope


WDSLC Severe slope


WDSLEC Severe slope

210B2 CeB Cecil sandy loams CESLB Moderate seepage slope210B3 CeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams CESCLB Moderate seepage slope210C2 CeC Cecil sandy loams CESLC Severe slope65B1 CoB Colfax sandy loams COSLB Severe wetness20A1 DNA Dothan-Norfolk complex NOLSA Moderate seepage wetness117Bl DuB Durham sandy loams DUSLB Moderate seepage117C2 DuC Durham sandy loams DUSLC Severe slope6B1 HeB Helena sandy loams HESLB Moderate slope6C1 HeC Helena sandy loams HESLC Severe slope9B1 SCBB Spotsylvania-Cecil-Bourne






5B1 VaB Vance sandy loams VASLB Moderate slope75B2 VAWB Vance-Appling-Wedowee

sandy loamsVASLB Moderate seepage slope


WDSLC Severe slope


WASLD Severe seepage depth torock

slope

76

Table A4.21 Ratings for Sewage Lagoons (cont.)Map MU



WDSLC Severe seepage depth torock

slope





2B1 WeB Wedowee sandy loams WDSLB Moderate seepage slope12B3 WeB3 Wedowee sandy clay

loamsWDSLEB Moderate seepage slope



9 WhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam WHSCLB Moderate seepage slope216B WoB Worsham sandy loams WOSLB Moderate slope54C2 ZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ZISLC Severe seepage depth to

rockslope

54D2 ZAD Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLD Severe seepage depth torock

slope

77

Table A4.22 Ratings for Shallow ExcavationsMap MU


8B1 ACB Appling-Cecil sandy loams CESLB Moderate tooclayey


APSCLB Moderate tooclayey


APSCLC Moderate tooclayey

slope

1B2 ApB Appling sandy loams APSLB Moderate tooclayey


ABFSLB Severe wetness


WDSLB Moderate tooclayey


WDSLC Moderate tooclayey

slope


WDSLEC Moderate tooclayey

slope

210B2 CeB Cecil sandy loams CESLB Moderate tooclayey

210B3 CeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams CESCLB Moderate tooclayey

210C2 CeC Cecil sandy loams CESLC Moderate tooclayey

slope

65B1 CoB Colfax sandy loams COSLB Severe wetness20A1 DNA Dothan-Norfolk complex NOLSA Moderate wetness117Bl DuB Durham sandy loams DUSLB Slight117C2 DuC Durham sandy loams DUSLC Moderate slope6B1 HeB Helena sandy loams HESLB Severe wetness6C1 HeC Helena sandy loams HESLC Severe wetness9B1 SCBB Spotsylvania-Cecil-Bourne




8B+ StB Starr fine sandy loams STFSLB Slight29B1 SWBB Spotsylvania-Wedowee-


5B1 VaB Vance sandy loams VASLB Moderate tooclayey


APSLB Moderate tooclayey

78

Table A4.22 Ratings for Shallow Excavations (cont.)Map MU



WDSLC Moderate tooclayey

slope


WASLD Severe cutbanks cave

slope


ASSLC Severe cutbanks cave





2B1 WeB Wedowee sandy loams WDSLB Moderate tooclayey


WDSLEB Moderate tooclayey

2C2 WeC Wedowee sandy loams WDSLC Moderate tooclayey

slope


WDSLEC Moderate tooclayey

slope

99 WhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam WHSCLB Moderate tooclayey

216B WoB Worsham sandy loams WOSLB Severe wetness54C2 ZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLC Severe depth to

rock54D2 ZAD Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLD Severe depth to

rockslope

79

Table A4.23 Ratings for Small Commercial BuildingsMap MU


8B1 ACB Appling-Cecil sandy loams CESLB Moderate slope18B3 ACB3 Appling-Cecil sandy clay

loamsAPSCLB Moderate slope


APSCLC Severe slope

1B2 ApB Appling sandy loams APSLB Moderate slope110B ASB Abell-Starr fine sandy



WDSLB Moderate slope


WDSLC Severe slope


WDSLEC Severe slope

210B2 CeB Cecil sandy loams CESLB Moderate slope210B3 CeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams CESCLB Moderate slope210C2 CeC Cecil sandy loams CESLC Severe slope65B1 CoB Colfax sandy loams COSLB Severe wetness20A1 DNA Dothan-Norfolk complex NOLSA Slight117Bl DuB Durham sandy loams DUSLB Moderate slope117C2 DuC Durham sandy loams DUSLC Severe slope6B1 HeB Helena sandy loams HESLB Severe shrink-

swell6C1 HeC Helena sandy loams HESLC Severe shrink-

swellslope


BOSLB Moderate shrink-swell

slope


BOSLB Moderate shrink-swell

slope


Bourne sandy loamsBOSLB Moderate shrink-

swellslope

5B1 VaB Vance sandy loams VASLB Moderate shrink-swell

slope


VASLB Moderate shrink-swell

slope


WDSLC Severe slope


WASLD Severe slope

80

Table A4.23 Ratings for Small Commercial Buildings (cont.)Map MU



WDSLC Severe slope





2B1 WeB Wedowee sandy loams WDSLB Moderate slope12B3 WeB3 Wedowee sandy clay

loamsWDSLEB Moderate slope



99 WhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam WHSCLB Moderate slope216B WoB Worsham sandy loams WOSLB Severe wetness54C2 ZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ZISLC Severe shrink-

swellslope

54D2 ZAD Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLD Severe shrink-swell

slope

81

Table A4.24 Ratings for Terraces and DiversionsMap MU


8B1 ACB Appling-Cecil sandy loams CESLB Limitation soilblowing


APSCLB Limitation soilblowing



1B2 ApB Appling sandy loams APSLB Limitation soilblowing


ABFSLB Limitation wetness


WDSLB Limitation soilblowing


WDSLC Limitation slope soilblowing



210B2 CeB Cecil sandy loams CESLB Limitation soilblowing

210B3 CeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams CESCLB Limitation soilblowing

210C2 CeC Cecil sandy loams CESLC Limitation slope soilblowing

65B1 CoB Colfax sandy loams COSLB Limitation wetness rootingdepth

20A1 DNA Dothan-Norfolk complex NOLSA Limitation soilblowing

117Bl DuB Durham sandy loams DUSLB Favorable117C2 DuC Durham sandy loams DUSLC Limitation slope6B1 HeB Helena sandy loams HESLB Limitation wetness percs

slowly6C1 HeC Helena sandy loams HESLC Limitation slope wetness percs



easilywetness rooting

depth19B3 SCBB3 Spotsylvania-Cecil-Bourne



depth8B+ StB Starr fine sandy loams STFSLB Favorable29B1 SWBB Spotsylvania-Wedowee-

Bourne sandy loamsBOSLB Limitation erodes


depth

82

Table A4.24 Ratings for Terraces and Diversions (cont.)Map MU


5B1 VaB Vance sandy loams VASLB Limitation percsslowly


APSLB Limitation percsslowly




WASLD Limitation slope depth torock

soilblowing


ASSLC Limitation slope depth torock

soilblowing


CHSLA Limitation wetness soilblowing


WKFSLA Limitation wetness soilblowing

2B1 WeB Wedowee sandy loams WDSLB Favorable12B3 WeB3 Wedowee sandy clay

loamsWDSLEB Favorable



99 WhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam WHSCLB Favorable216B WoB Worsham sandy loams WOSLB Limitation wetness percs

slowly54C2 ZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLC Limitation slope depth to

rocksoilblowing

54D2 ZAD Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLD Limitation slope depth torock

soilblowing

83

Table A4.25 Ratings for TopsoilMap MU


8B1 ACB Appling-Cecil sandy loams CESLB Poor tooclayey


APSCLB Poor tooclayey


APSCLC Poor tooclayey

1B2 ApB Appling sandy loams APSLB Poor tooclayey


STFSLB Fair tooclayey


WDSLB Poor tooclayey




WDSLEC Poor tooclayey

210B2 CeB Cecil sandy loams CESLB Poor tooclayey

210B3 CeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams CESCLB Poor tooclayey

210C2 CeC Cecil sandy loams CESLC Poor tooclayey

65B1 CoB Colfax sandy loams COSLB Poor wetness20A1 DNA Dothan-Norfolk complex NOLSA Fair too

clayeysmallstones

smallstones

117Bl DuB Durham sandy loams DUSLB Fair tooclayey

117C2 DuC Durham sandy loams DUSLC Fair tooclayey

slope slope

6B1 HeB Helena sandy loams HESLB Poor tooclayey

6C1 HeC Helena sandy loams HESLC Poor tooclayey


BOSLB Poor thinlayer


BOSLB Poor thinlayer

8B+ StB Starr fine sandy loams STFSLB Fair tooclayey

84

Table A4.25 Ratings for Topsoil (cont.)Map MU



BOSLB Poor tooclayey

5B1 VaB Vance sandy loams VASLB Poor tooclayey


VASLB Poor tooclayey




WASLD Poor smallstones

slope slope




CHSLA Poor wetness


WKFSLA Poor wetness

2B1 WeB Wedowee sandy loams WDSLB Poor tooclayey


WDSLEB Poor tooclayey

2C2 WeC Wedowee sandy loams WDSLC Poor tooclayey


WDSLEC Poor tooclayey

99 WhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam WHSCLB Poor tooclayey

216B WoB Worsham sandy loams WOSLB Poor wetness tooclayey

tooclayey

54C2 ZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ZISLC Poor smallstones

54D2 ZAD Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLD Poor smallstones

slope slope

85

Table A4.26 Ratings for Trench Sanitary LandfillsMap MU


8B1 ACB Appling-Cecil sandy loams CESLB Moderate tooclayey


APSCLB Moderate tooclayey


APSCLC Moderate slope tooclayey

1B2 ApB Appling sandy loams APSLB Moderate tooclayey


ABFSLB Severe seepage wetness


WDSLB Moderate tooclayey


WDSLC Moderate slope tooclayey


WDSLEC Moderate slope tooclayey

210B2 CeB Cecil sandy loams CESLB Moderate tooclayey

210B3 CeB3 Cecil sandy clay loams CESCLB Moderate tooclayey

210C2 CeC Cecil sandy loams CESLC Moderate slope tooclayey

65B1 CoB Colfax sandy loams COSLB Severe wetness20A1 DNA Dothan-Norfolk complex NOLSA Severe wetness117Bl DuB Durham sandy loams DUSLB Slight117C2 DuC Durham sandy loams DUSLC Moderate slope6B1 HeB Helena sandy loams HESLB Severe wetness too

clayey6C1 HeC Helena sandy loams HESLC Severe wetness too

clayey9B1 SCBB Spotsylvania-Cecil-Bourne




8B+ StB Starr fine sandy loams STFSLB Moderate flooding29B1 SWBB Spotsylvania-Wedowee-


5B1 VaB Vance sandy loams VASLB Severe tooclayey

86

Table A4.26 Ratings for Trench Sanitary Landfills (cont.)Map MU



APSLB Severe tooclayey


WDSLC Severe tooclayey



seepage slope



seepage






loamsWDSLEB Slight



99 WhB3 Wheaton sandy clay loam WHSCLB Moderate tooclayey

216B WoB Worsham sandy loams WOSLB Severe wetness tooclayey

54C2 ZAC Zion-Ashlar sandy loams ASSLC Severe depth torock

seepage


seepage slope

using gis as an agricultural land-use planning toolscholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/vaes/00-2.pdf ·...

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