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Srivastava et al., “Using Game Theory to Analyze Wireless Ad Hoc Networks”  1 Using Game Theory to Analyze Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Vivek Srivastava*, James Neel*, Allen B. MacKenzie*, Re kha Menon*, Luiz A. DaSilva*, James E. Hicks*, Jeffrey H. Reed*, Robert P. Gilles** (*) Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (**) Department of Economics Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, Virginia 24061. Abstract The application of mathematical analysis to the study of wireless ad hoc networks has met with limited success due to the complexity of mobility and traffic models, the dynamic topology, and the unpredictability of link quality that characterize such networks. The ability to model individual, independent decision makers whose actions potentially affect all other decision makers renders game theory particularly attractive to analyze the performance of ad hoc networks. In this paper, we describe how various interactions in wireless ad hoc networks can be modeled as a game. This allows the analysis of existing protocols and resource management schemes, as well as the design of equilibrium-inducing mechanisms that provide incentives for individual users to behave in socially-constructive ways. We survey the recent literature on game theoretic analysis of ad hoc networks, highlighting its applicability to power control and waveform adaptation, medium access control, routing, and node participation, among others. Keywords Ad hoc networks, game theory, Nash equilibrium, resource management, node participation,  power control, waveform adaptation 1 Introduction A wireless ad hoc network is characterized by a distributed, dynamic, self-organizing architecture. Each node in the network is capable of independently adapting its operation based on the current environment according to predetermined algorithms and protocols. Analytical models to evaluate the performance of ad hoc networks have been scarce due to the distributed and dynamic nature of such networks. Game theory offers a suite of tools that may be used effectively in modeling the i nteraction among independent nodes in an ad hoc network. In t his  paper we describe how such games can be set up and discuss some recent advances in this area.

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