SOL USII.4a: Westward SOL USII.4a: Westward ExpansionExpansion

Lisa PenningtonLisa Pennington

Social Studies Instructional SpecialistSocial Studies Instructional Specialist

Portsmouth Public SchoolsPortsmouth Public Schools

VocabularyVocabulary

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny: a popular American belief that the : a popular American belief that the United States had the right and duty to expand across United States had the right and duty to expand across North America to the Pacific Ocean.North America to the Pacific Ocean.

Transcontinental RailroadTranscontinental Railroad: a railroad that stretched : a railroad that stretched across the American continent. It was created by a across the American continent. It was created by a Pacific Railway Act of 1862 and gave public land to Pacific Railway Act of 1862 and gave public land to railroad companies and promoted settlement on the railroad companies and promoted settlement on the

Great Plains.Great Plains. This act joined the Union Pacific and the This act joined the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific Railroads in 1869 at Promontory Point, Central Pacific Railroads in 1869 at Promontory Point, Utah.Utah.

VocabularyVocabulary

Oppressive governmentOppressive government: limits or takes away the civil : limits or takes away the civil liberties of people. liberties of people.

Homestead ActHomestead Act: an 1862 law that offered free farmland : an 1862 law that offered free farmland of 160 acres on the Great Plains to the head of a family of 160 acres on the Great Plains to the head of a family that resided on and cultivated the land for 5 years. that resided on and cultivated the land for 5 years.

Battle of the Little Big HornBattle of the Little Big Horn: Lakota tribe led by Chief : Lakota tribe led by Chief Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse that killed General Custer Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse that killed General Custer and all of his men at the Little Big Horn River in Montana and all of his men at the Little Big Horn River in Montana in 1876.in 1876.

VocabularyVocabulary Chief JosephChief Joseph: leader of the Nez Perce Indians of Idaho : leader of the Nez Perce Indians of Idaho

who fought U.S. soldiers and then were moved to who fought U.S. soldiers and then were moved to reservations in Oklahoma.reservations in Oklahoma.

ReservationReservation: public land set aside by the government for : public land set aside by the government for the use of a certain group of people.the use of a certain group of people.

NativistNativist: an American citizen who believes that : an American citizen who believes that immigrants are inferior. immigrants are inferior.

American Protective AssociationAmerican Protective Association: made up of nativists : made up of nativists who did not trust immigrants and disliked them for taking who did not trust immigrants and disliked them for taking jobs away from them. jobs away from them.

Essential UnderstandingsEssential Understandings

New opportunities New opportunities and technological and technological advances led to advances led to westward expansion westward expansion following the Civil following the Civil War. War.

Reasons for Westward ExpansionReasons for Westward Expansion

Opportunities for land Opportunities for land ownershipownership

Technological advances, Technological advances, including the including the Transcontinental RailroadTranscontinental Railroad

Possibility of wealth Possibility of wealth created by the discovery created by the discovery of gold and silverof gold and silver

AdventureAdventure A new beginning for A new beginning for

former slavesformer slaveshttp://content.lib.washington.edu/laroche/image/273.jpg

Impact on American IndiansImpact on American Indians

Opposition by Opposition by American Indians to American Indians to westward expansion westward expansion (Battle of Little (Battle of Little Bighorn, Sitting Bull, Bighorn, Sitting Bull, Geronimo).Geronimo).

Forced relocation Forced relocation from traditional lands from traditional lands to reservations (Chief to reservations (Chief Joseph, Nez Perce)Joseph, Nez Perce) http://www.britannica.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/geronimo.jpg

Geronimo

Impact on American IndiansImpact on American Indians

Reduced population Reduced population through warfare and through warfare and disease (Battle of disease (Battle of Wounded Knee).Wounded Knee).

Assimilation attempts and Assimilation attempts and lifestyle changes, e.g., lifestyle changes, e.g., reduction of buffalo reduction of buffalo population.population.

Reduced their homeland Reduced their homeland through treaties that were through treaties that were broken.broken.

http://www.operationmorningstar.org/carlisekids1.jpg

Before and after photos of Native Americanchildren at a boarding school.

Think About It…Think About It…

Why did Westward Expansion occur?Why did Westward Expansion occur?

How did the lives of American Indians How did the lives of American Indians change with Westward Expansion?change with Westward Expansion?