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• Latinos Migrate North– Most Mexican –Americans lived in W and SW– Many moved to Midwest and North by 1920s• Job opportunities

– In SW and W• Many lived in barrios

– Segmented sections of a community – Non-Hispanics built communities around Hispanic settlements– Many unsanitary; high rates of infant mortality (death)

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• Mexican-Americans Face Discrimination– Increased during the Great Depression– Gov’t forces many to leave• Known as “repatriation”

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• Latinos Organize– Sources of Latino immigration • Mexico• Puerto Rico• Cuba

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• Why did they come from …– Mexico• Jobs, better economic conditions in the U.S.

– Puerto Rico• Easy to move to U.S. because PR is a “Territory”• Economic troubles in PR

– Cuba• Cuban government was overthrown by Communists

(1959)• Many Cubans flee to the U.S.

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• Latinos Organize– League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC)• Fight against discrimination against people of Latin

American ancestry • Encouraged assimilation into American society

– Take in the ideas and culture of another

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• Key Court Cases– Mendez v Westminster (1947) • California Supreme Court• Ended segregation in California schools

– Hernandez v Texas (1954)• U.S. Supreme Court• Texas now had to allow Mexican-Americans on its juries

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• Protests and Progress– Caesar Chavez– Dolores Huerta • Two leaders of the protest movement • Fought primarily for farm workers

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• La Raza Unida (“The United People”)– Political movement – Founded by Jose’ Angel Gutie’rrez– Their goals:• Better access to financial institutions • Better job-training programs

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• Bilingual Education Act (1968)– “bilingualism”: teaching immigrant students in

their own language while they also learn English – Directed schools to set up classes for immigrants

in their own language