Used Oil Recovery (Re-refining) plants

it is our mission to improve the environment and business at the same time.We design and build a very unique system that recover a high quality near virgin base oil so you can sell it blending plants or blend it with additives for Lube Oil, plus a variety of light and heavy fractions as all depend on the input, we handle all types of used oil include but not limited to used engine/motor oil, heavy equipment oil, transformer oil, and used marine Slop oil. We carry over 25 years of experience in the design, construction, and operation of a chemical processes (solvent recovery) and waste treatment systems. At Osisco we integrated experience into development of far-reaching approach addressing matchless market demands, using the most advanced technology to ensure maximum production and minimum waste, all that with the least possible operating cost, we utilize the highest information technology there is in designing a PLC control system that allow our Engineer to monitor your operation from our office in the United States.Used Oil Refining is a very important process that we take a pride to pursue among others in the process design and construction industry, knowing the great importance of such to many industries was a driving force for us to design superior that works.Our experienced engineering team carefully analyze each situation to determine the most appropriate solution, to custom design and fabricate transportable industrial sized systems, utilizing quality re manufactured and new stainless steel and carbon steel components to suit each individual process needs and budget, we guarantee our systems will operate at the stated capacity and generate specific finished product quality, in doing so, we offer a full range of services range from total operation of your plant, to hold training of your operators, to management, supervision and Engineering from headquarters on an 'as needed' basis, all that with incomparable state-of-art automated control room to enable our experts to see your operation anywhere in the world from our remote office and make sure your plant is well working.

We design and build skid mounted, 100% assembled Re-refining plants where each component is custom

fabricated to meet your unique challenge, specification, and goals to recover usable, clean lubricating oils and diesel fuel from dirty, used crankcase oils, hydraulic oils, mist oils, Marine fuel Oil and other contaminated oils through evaporation that offer our clients the highest possible return on investment. our systems combine technologies which produce a superior product, without producing more waste which can damage the environment.

Short Path Evaporators Osisco designs and builds self-contained evaporation systems customized to your needs.Our Used Oil Recovery Systems use atmospheric distillation to remove light ends, water, and gas-oil. After which high vacuum Short Path and Thin Film Evaporators, operating at moderately high temperatures, recover the lube oil fraction. Moderate temperatures and low pressure protects the lube fractions from “cracking”. Asphaltene and other solids exiting the system can be used for roads or low grade bunker 6. Short Path and Thin Film Evaporators are useful for processing thermally sensitive products, allowing for reduced process time at lower evaporation temperatures, under vacuum conditions.

Used oil facts Report

Used motor oil is recyclable. Although it gets extremely dirty, it will never wear out. The used motor oil that is taken in to a recycler may be re-refined and made into lubricating oils that meet all the same specifications of non-recycled motor oil. It may get processed and burned in special furnaces for heat, or used in power plants to generate electricity for our homes, schools, businesses and industries.

Putting used motor oil in the trash or dumping it out on the ground is not an option today. Used motor oil disposed of improperly can be very dangerous to the environment because it can contain benzene, lead, arsenic, zinc and cadmium.

Recycling used motor oil helps protect the environment and save energy because: A) One gallon of used motor oil can contaminate 1 million gallons of fresh water - a year's supply of water

for 50 people. B) It only takes one pint of used motor oil to put oil sheen on a one acre pond. C) The amount of used motor oil disposed of improperly by Do-it-yourselfer auto mechanics every eighteen

(18) days is approximately 11 million gallons.

One gallon of used motor oil that is re-refined will produce 2.5 quarts of lubricating oil, but it takes 42 gallons of crude oil to produce the same 2.5 quarts of lubricating oil. Re-refining used motor oil takes only one-third the energy of refining crude oil to lubricant quality.

People who change their own motor oil throw away 100’s of millions of gallons of recoverable motor oil every year, while only fewer million gallons are recycled. If those 100’s of millions of gallons of used motor oil that is disposed of improperly by Do-it-yourselfers each year were recycled, it could produce enough energy to power over 360,000 homes each year or could provide about 100 million quarts of high-grade motor oil. The United States generates a total of 1.3 billion gallons of waste oil each year of which 800 million gallons are recycled and 500 million are disposed of improperly. If we re-refined the 1.3 billion gallons of waste oil generated in the United States each year, we would save 1.3 million barrels of oil per day, or half the daily output of the Alaska pipeline.

Nearly 40% of the pollution in America's waterways is from used motor oil. Used motor oil often contains toxic metals such as benzene, lead, arsenic, zinc and cadmium, which can seep into water tables if dumped on the ground.

The failure to recycle used motor oil in the United States represents not only an environmental and human health hazard, but a missed opportunity to reduce our nation's dependence on foreign oil.

What You Can Do

Never dispose of used motor oil: on the ground; in a ditch, creek, river, or lake; in a storm sewer; or in the garbage. Do not mix used motor oil with anything else, such as gasoline, solvents, antifreeze, pesticides, etc. Transfer used motor oil using a funnel to prevent spills to a clean leak-proof plastic container with a screw-on top and put the top on firmly to prevent leaking or spilling. Take used motor oil (limit quantities to 3 gallons or less) to Advance Auto Parts, AutoZone, Wal-Mart SuperCenter Tire and Lube Center, or other site that accepts used motor oil from the public. Click on Used Oil Recycling Directory to view a state-wide listing of used motor oil recyclers in the state of Mississippi. Prior to discarding used oil filter, punch an air hole in the dome end of the filter and in the antidrain back valve (if present) located at the flat end of the filter. Allow oil to drain from both ends of the filter for several hours each. Pour this oil in with the rest of the used motor oil for recycling. When taking the used motor oil to one of the listed recyclers, ask them if they'll also accept used oil filter for recycling as well. Some of the companies not only take used motor oil, but also recycle used oil filters.

What is Used Oil?EPA's regulatory definition of used oil is as follows: Used oil is any oil that has been refined from crude oil or any synthetic oil that has been used and as a result of such use is contaminated by physical or chemical impurities. Simply put, used oil is exactly what its name implies--any petroleum-based or synthetic oil that has been used. During normal use, impurities such as dirt, metal scrapings, water, or chemicals can get mixed in with the oil, so that in time the oil no longer performs well. Eventually, this used oil must be replaced with virgin or re-refined oil to do the job at hand EPA's used oil management standards include a three-pronged approach to determine if a substance meets the definition of used oil. To meet EPA's definition of used oil, a substance must meet each of the following three criteria:

1) Origin — the first criterion for identifying used oil is based on the origin of the oil. Used oil must have been refined from crude oil or made from synthetic materials. Animal and vegetable oils are excluded

from EPA's definition of used oil. 2) Use — the second criterion is based on whether and how the oil is used. Oils used as lubricants,

hydraulic fluids, heat transfer fluids, buoyant, and for other similar purposes are considered used oil. Unused oil such as bottom clean-out waste from virgin fuel oil storage tanks or virgin fuel oil recovered from a spill, do not meet EPA's definition of used oil because these oils have never been "used." EPA's definition also excludes products used as cleaning agents or solely for their solvent properties, as well as certain petroleum-derived products like antifreeze and kerosene.

3) Contaminants — the third criterion is based on whether or not the oil is contaminated with either physical or chemical impurities. In other words, to meet EPA's definition, used oil must become contaminated as a result of being used. This aspect of EPA's definition includes residues and contaminants generated from handling, storing, and processing used oil. Physical contaminants could include metal shavings, sawdust, or dirt. Chemical contaminants could include solvents, halogens, or saltwater.

Used Oil Is:* Used Oil Is Not:

1) Synthetic oil — usually derived from coal, shale, or polymer-based starting material.

2) Engine oil — typically includes gasoline and diesel engine crankcase oils and piston-engine oils for automobiles, trucks, boats, airplanes, locomotives, and heavy equipment.

3) Transmission fluid. 4) Refrigeration oil. 5) Compressor oils. 6) Metalworking fluids and oils. 7) Laminating oils. 8) Industrial hydraulic fluid. 9) Copper and aluminum wire

drawing solution. 10) Electrical insulating oil. 11) Industrial process oils. 12) Oils used as buoyant.

* This list does not include all types of used oil.

1) Waste oil that is bottom clean-out waste from virgin fuel storage tanks, virgin fuel oil spill cleanups, or other oil wastes that have not actually been used.

2) Products such as antifreeze and kerosene.

3) Vegetable and animal oil, even when used as a lubricant.

4) Petroleum distillates used as solvents.

Oils that do not meet EPA's definition of used oil can still pose a threat to the environment when disposed of and could be subject to the RCRA regulations for hazardous waste management.

How is Used Oil Recycled?Once oil has been used, it can be collected, recycled, and used over and over again. An estimated 380 million gallons of used oil are recycled each year. Recycled used oil can sometimes be used again for the same job or can take on a completely different task. For example, used motor oil can be re-refined and sold at the store as motor oil or processed for furnace fuel oil. Aluminum rolling oils also can be filtered on site and used over again. Used Oil Can Be Recycled in the Following Ways:

1. Reconditioned on site, which involves removing impurities from the used oil and using it again. While this form of recycling might not restore the oil to its original condition, it does prolong its life. There is commercial equipment available that will filter the oil and enable it to be reused up to 10 times. The equipment pays for itself within a year and works on a variety of oils (hydraulic, motor, cooling, cutting, etc.)

2. Reprocessed: Inserted into a petroleum refinery, which involves introducing used oil as a feedstock into either the front end of the process or the coker to produce gasoline and coke.

3. Re-refined, which involves treating used oil to remove impurities so that it can be used as a base stock

for new lubricating oil. Re-refining prolongs the life of the oil resource indefinitely. This form of recycling is the preferred option because it closes the recycling loop by reusing the oil to make the same product that it was when it started out, and therefore uses less energy and less virgin oil.

4. Fuels: Processed and burned for energy recovery, which involves removing water and particulates so that used oil can be burned as fuel to generate heat or to power industrial operations. This form of recycling is not as preferable as methods that reuse the material because it only enables the oil to be reused once. Nonetheless, valuable energy is provided (about the same as provided by normal heating oil).

Recycling Used Oil Is Good for the Environment and the Economy — Here's Proof: 1) Re-refining used oil takes only about one-third the energy of refining crude oil to lubricant quality. 2) It takes 42 gallons of crude oil, but only one gallon of used oil, to produce 2 ½ quarts of new, high-

quality lubricating oil. 3) One gallon of used oil processed for fuel contains about 140,000 British Thermal Units (BTUs) of

energy. What's In A Barrel of Oil?Example of Petroleum Products Yielded from One Barrel of Crude Oil in California

Product Percent of Total

Finished Motor Gasoline 51.4%

Distillate Fuel Oil 15.3%

Jet Fuel 12.3%

Still Gas 5.4%

Marketable Coke 5.0%

Residual Fuel Oil 3.3%

Liquefied Refinery Gas 2.8%

Asphalt and Road Oil 1.7%

Other Refined Products 1.5%

Lubricants 0.9%

One barrel contains 42 gallons of crude oil. The total volume of products made from crude oil based origins is 48.43 gallons on average - 6.43 gallons greater than the original 42 gallons of crude oil. This represents a "processing gain" due to the additional other petroleum products such as alkylates that are added to the refining process to create the final products. Additionally, California gasoline contains approximately 5.7 percent by volume of ethanol, a non-petroleum-based additive that brings the total processing gain to 7.59 gallons (or 49.59 total gallons).

Slop

Waste oils are classified as Special waste and as a consequence, must be recovered and transported under the provisions of the Consignment note system, which is monitored by the Environment Agencies.

Regulations:

Marpol regulations outlaw the dumping of ship's slop at sea and now oily waste must be disposed of via registered land-based facilities.All ships are powered by diesel engines with modified fuel systems to enable them to burn residual fuels. Although the use of these fuel oils incurs significant on-board handling problems, they are still used in preference to marine diesel because of the substantial cost differential. Residual fuels must be kept hot to remain mobile and typically these oils will be delivered to the bunkering tanks at around 46C.Prior to being delivered to the engine, the fuel oil is pumped to a smaller tank where its temperature is boosted to around 90C. From there it is passed through a bank of disc-bowl centrifuges, to remove traces of water and

sediment that may have been present in the oil when it was delivered to the ship, as the quality of fuel oil varies considerably around the world.

Typically, an ocean-going vessel will have five centrifuges with individual throughputs of 5mt/hr, of which at least three will be working at any one time, on a 24/7 basis. They may be programmed to discharge as often as every 20 minutes, when the oil flow is shut off and fresh water is injected, resulting in a volume of oil, sediment and water being discharged into a lower level holding tank

This mixture is kept hot and then passed through an oil/water separator, with water having less than a 15ppm oil concentration being discharged into the sea and the balance diverted to the slop oil holding tank, to await recovery.Marine slops recoverywe shall earn our enviable reputation with the shipping industry for quality of service and complete reliability.

We shall extend our services to some of the largest shipping companies, such as MAERSK, who depend on our personnel to be available any time, day or night, 365 days a year.

Our articulated vehicles respond immediately the ship is berthed at the quayside and using a combination of the pumps on both the ship and the vehicle, the slops tank is emptied and the oil and water returned to our treatment facility for reprocessing. Dry waste arising from the ships engine room will also be recovered, using a different vehicle. This type of waste includes rags or oil spill contaminant booms in bags, containers, boxes and tins, paint pots and general rubbish.

Ship slops and engine room waste recovery is subject to the provisions of the Special Waste Regulations, except ‘EC’ pre-fixed Consignment notes are used, rather than the usual ‘EA’ pre-fixed type. The ‘EC’ consignment notes bear no Environment Agency fee.

The following oils are the most common that arise as waste in the UK, requiring specialist recovery and licenced disposal:

Lubricating oils (sump oils) have a relatively low viscosity and are the most widely distributed of the waste oil family. As a consequence of life inside the internal combustion engine, they absorb wear metals such as chromium, cadmium, copper and vanadium, together with varying proportions of unburned fuel (significantly so in commercial diesel engines using ‘long life’ oils), soot and water. They are likely to be contaminated with poly-cyclic-aromatics (PCA's) and Lead and Sulphur will also be found, but in lower concentrations these days, since the introduction of unleaded petrol and ‘City’ (ultra-low sulphur) diesel.

Gearbox oils will vary in viscosity relative to the working pressures they have been formulated to endure and as a consequence are significantly ‘heavier’ than waste lubricants. Waste gearbox oils in normal circumstances, will be free from dirt and soot and the other contaminants that are found in waste lubricating oils, with the depletion of their additive package being the usual reason for their disposal.

Hydraulic oils are widely used in plastic injection moulding machines, sheet metal pressing and stamping machines, guillotines and drop forges. On a smaller scale, these oils can be found in lifting and compacting applications. Hydraulic oils have a low viscosity and resist compression when pressurised and thus have an ability to transfer high-force movement in closed liquid systems. Waste hydraulic oil is usually only changed as a result of additive depletion or cross-contamination with water, the latter, which will seriously impair its anti-compression properties.

Soluble oils are used extensively in the metal processing industry as a coolant in cutting, milling and grinding applications. They are usually emulsions of 5:95 oil and water and when disposed of are likely to have a residual content of chlorine, which is included in their formulation to provide cooling for machining tools.

Electrical insulation oils were developed for a number of uses in the electrical / electronic industry, including the manufacture of capacitors and the insulation of high-voltage switch gear, but are best known for their use as cooling fluids in high voltage electrical transformers. Originally, electrical insulation oils were manufactured with PCBs (poly-chlorinated bi-phenols), which were identified as mutagens. The maximum permitted content of PCBs in oil is set at 50 parts per million and waste which exceeds this level must be incinerated at a licenced facility. PCBs have not been produced for more than twenty-five years and modern electrical insulation oils are produced without them.

Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) is so named, because of its high viscosity (it almost resembles tar when cold) and large surpluses of this product are likely to present waste collection companies with problems, if(a) the storage tank heating system (usually via steam coils) has been shut off and the oil has cooled, becoming immobile and impossible to move with conventional pump systems; or(b) the oil’s sulphur content exceeds the new 1% maximum limit, which will prevent it from being burned as a fuel in the UK.

Medium and Light Fuel oils / Diesel / Kerosene and Gas Oil usually only become available for recovery as a result of factory closures, or because they have become contaminated and regarded unsuitable for use.

Marine slops are mixtures of residual fuel oils and water (not salt water), which are produced by the fuel handling systems employed on large ocean going vessels.

Lubricating oilGearbox oilMust not be mixed with anti-freeze, brake fluid, chlorinated solvents, petrol or other workshop-generated liquid waste. A minimum collection quantity of 205 litres applies. In cases of gross contamination with water, a charge may apply, or the collection may be aborted. Gearbox oils are becoming less common these days, as modern car engines and gearboxes are of ‘unit’ construction and share the same lubricant.Hydraulic oilA minimum collection quantity of 205 litres applies. In cases of gross contamination with water, a charge may apply, or the collection may be aborted.Soluble oilMust be delivered to our Newport treatment plant in bulk loads for (charged) disposal.Electrical insulation oilA representative sample must be obtained and analysed for PCB content, prior to recovery arrangements being made.Heavy Fuel OilA representative sample must be obtained and analysed for Sulphur content, prior to recovery arrangements being made. Recovery is only possible if the product is stored in a heated tank, or one in which the heat can be reinstated.Brake fluidBrake fluid is not a member of the mineral oil family and should not be mixed with waste engine oils for disposal. There is a specific disposal route for this product and we will be pleased to advise you of this.Marine slopsThis is a specialist service extended to ships berthed at Felixstowe port, where our MARPOL facility is based. Our vehicles can travel out to assist ships berthed in other docks in Kings Lynne, Harwich, Avonmouth and South Wales, amongst others, by arrangement with the shipping agents.

Soluble oil: Must be delivered to our Newport treatment plant in bulk loads for (charged) disposal.

Electrical insulation oil: A representative sample must be obtained and analysed for PCB content, prior to recovery arrangements being made.

Heavy Fuel Oil: A representative sample must be obtained and analysed for Sulphur content, prior to recovery arrangements being made. Recovery is only possible if the product is stored in a heated tank, or one in which the heat can be reinstated

Brake fluid: Brake fluid is not a member of the mineral oil family and should not be mixed with waste engine oils for disposal. There is a specific disposal route for this product and we will be pleased to advise you of this.

Marine slops: This is a specialist service extended to ships berthed at Felixstowe port, where our MARPOL facility is based. Our vehicles can travel out to assist ships berthed in other docks in Kings Lynne, Harwich, Avonmouth and South Wales, amongst others, by arrangement with the shipping agents.

Medium Fuel Oil Light Fuel OilGas OilDiesel fuelKerosene: All recoverable. Large volumes of these products must be assessed prior to negotiation. In cases of gross contamination with water, a charge may apply, or the collection may be aborted.NB. It is not company policy to attend to redundant domestic heating oil tanks at residential properties.

Interceptor waste: Can be accepted at our Newport treatment facility, by arrangement.

Greases and fatsVegetable oilWhite spiritCreosotePetroleum spirit will endeavour to advise an alternative course of action, on request.

Slop oil collection via trucks

The benefits of Short Path Evaporators in Oil Recovery Systems: • Less pollution than the Acid Clay process, which produces an acid sludge, or “tar”. • Less expensive and more commercially viable than propane extraction, a complicated multi-step

distillation process. • Every useful component is recovered without generating difficult to dispose of waste. • Simpler to understand and operate than Gas phase reactors. • Efficient without high cost raw materials, such as propane or expensive solvents, like many other

processes.

The Short and the Thin of it: Short Path and Thin Film Evaporators are similar, in that they operate at moderate temperatures and low residence time to prevent thermal decomposition. The primary difference is that the Short Path Evaporator's condenser is inside the evaporator body so there is very little distance between the heating surface and the condensing surface, which means minimal pressure drops at high evaporation rates, gentle evaporation under low vacuum pressures for heat sensitive products, and recovery of entrained droplets. Short Path Evaporators can be used down to 0.001 mbar, compared to the external condenser and slightly longer residence time of Thin Film Evaporators, which can be used down to roughly 1 mbar.

Regenerated Clay FiltrationThis cost saving developed technology, is a startup saver.Regenerated Clay Filtration is the final step in the Oil Recovery process. Using Clay Filtration cylinders to polish the recovered base lube will consistently produce a Group l+ product. The filtration beds can be regenerated many times for continuous quality production.

See How Clay Filtration Works >>

• Using a multi-column tank system the recovered oil is purified through staggered, activated layers of Fuller's Earth (clay rich in magnesium oxide and other minerals.)

• After each cycle the clay is cleaned of all toxins and contaminants, then re-activated and ready to be used again.

• This is a computer controlled process that costs far less than the traditional hydro-treating approach. • Clay Filtration system removes color, odor and sulfur. • The results are a near virgin quality oil which can be used as a base lube or as a high quality fuel for

marine engines, power generation or boilers.

Comparison between Sulphuric Acid Clay and Distillation & Thin film Evaporation

Sulphuric Acid Clay Distillation & Thin film EvaporationAcid/Clay Process: The acid/clay process is the oldest and most common re-refining technology. It involves the reaction of used oil and sulphuric acid to dissolve or settle metal salts and particles, aromatics, organic acids, polar compounds and dirt. These contaminants form a sludge, which is drawn out for disposal. Clay addition followed by filtration is used to remove any remaining color.

Vacuum Distillation/Clay Process: To recover the oil base stock from used oil, vacuum distillation is implemented. Varying grades of oil may be produced through this process giving the re-refiner an added flexibility in blending to meet different product specifications.

The Acid Clay process has a long operational history, it is not highly sophisticated andis appropriate to a wide range of

Our systems are flexible because we build with stainless steel and carbon steel components, it employs standard distillation technology. It

circumstances and is thus readily operable in most countries. However, a number of studies made on ranking of re-refining by-product waste streams in terms of Environmental hazards suggest that the acid clay process is the least environmentally process of the technology choices of main re-refining processes. The principal reason for this is the large quantity of by-product Acid Tar produced which presents difficulties in disposal and result a higher operating cost as well. It is therefore highly recommended not to use such a process in case there is no or inadequate capacity or facility to treat and dispose of the Acid Tar sludge resulting from the process, it carries a higher investment risks results from a not known of future comings as far as environmental resurrections and regulations that may cost a total loss to investors.

ranges from simple flash evaporators with scrubbers and entrainment separators to complex multi-column computer controlled distillation units.

1. We use atmospheric distillation to remove light ends, water, and gas-oil.

2. This is followed by high vacuum thin film evaporators which operate at moderately high temperatures to recover the lube oil fraction.

3. The temperatures and pressures ensure no “cracking” of the lube fractions. The Asphaltene and solids exiting the system can be used for roads, or low grade bunker 6.

4. The final step is a clay filtration through a multi-column fullers earth system.

5. After each cycle the clay is re-activated and then used again. The filtration removes color, odor and sulfur making the product much more attractive and saleable.

6. The result is near virgin quality oil which can be used as a base lube or as a high quality fuel for marine engines, power generation or boilers.

High overall energy which is total external energy (utilities) plus potential energy lost in non-recovered oils.

Lower overall energy

Hazardous Chemical of Sulphuric Acid No Hazardous chemicalsWaste stream contains hazard Acid Tar Sludge Residual solids will stay in the evaporator

bottoms, which will be sold as asphalt extenderOily Clay in waste stream NonePolluted waste water Water recovered from the feed oil containing

trace (<2%) hydrocarbons should be routed to a waste water storage and/or treatment system (we can introduce a compatible cost effective polishing technology system to ensure 100% clean water)

Lube yield is low because of losses to the acid sludge, some degree of sulphonation taking place.

Higher Lube yield, we recover almost 100% of feed stock as base lube oil, and valuable hydrocarbon by-products

High risk for operators due to the exposure of concentrated hazardous sulphuric acid and results of acid tar.

None

Higher numbers of operators and inspectors and expected violations

Complete PC/PL Control systems and can be functioned 100% automatically, we monitor

your operation from our control room in Roanoke, Virginia if you have an internet connection

Hereto is a description and technical comparison of existing technologies to Re-refine used oil:5. The Sulfuric Acid Process followed by Clay treatment (Acid Clay process): it requires the treatment of

used oil with Sulfuric Acid that generates and undesirable and difficult to dispose "Acid Tar" followed by Clay contacting that generates Clay Sludge, the process is essentially batch operated, this process is highly polluting due to the generated acid sludge, due to such serious environmental issues, existing systems in countries like India, UAE and other countries are shifting to our technology of thin film evaporation.

6. Extraction using higher end hydrocarbons like Propane and subsequent distillation, or what so called the Interline technology: Extracting using Propane or such other higher end Hydrocarbon contacts the waste oil with this extraction fluid to strip the waste oil of its components and then distill them out partially is a series of steps and finally recover the Propane to the extent possible, it is a very expensive process and its commercial viability is still in question, the failure of Western Gadgil Recycling Plant at Jebel Ali in Dubai is a typical example, the only place where an Interline technology is still in operation is Spain where the government pays the producer a subsidy of EU1 for every liter produced of oil.

7. Sophisticated Gas Phase Reactors: very expensive and very sophisticated operation demanded a high trained staff with a high operating cost.

8. High Vacuum partial distillation followed by Thin Film Evaporation also under high Vacuum: at PESCO-BEAM we solve those issues; from complex environmental problems to operating cost for more than 25 years, we design and build Recycling plants for used motor oil and industrial solvents such as Antifreeze, Acetone, Alcohols, and many other solvents.

Comparative advantage of PESCO-BEAM technology: the selected Thin Film Evaporation Technology designed by PESCO-BEAM is sophisticated, yet simple to operate, it treats the waste oil in such way that every useful component is recovered without generating any difficult to dispose waste, the technology uses basic unit operation principles that have been in use in many other processes-like Vacuum Distillation, Thin Film Evaporation, and a combination of these, it has also an ability to produce a combination of valued products from heavy to light end products of a hydrocarbon chain without generating any polluting waste not like the Acid Clay process.It is easy to understand, operate and control compare to the Gas phase Reactors.and does not require the use of high cost raw materials like Propane or expensive Solvents as in some of the more complex plants.PESCO-BEAM has the commercial/financial advantage of supplying reasonably prices systems with a manufacturing base in USA and India combines and under the quality control of our proven technology in the United States, beside the above PESCO-BEAM supplies plants which are supported locally by engineers and technicians for after sale service, annual maintenance contracts and many other technical support offered to clients according to each client's needs.we design and build systems which recover high quality base lube or fuel oils from used oil and other oil waste streams, the oil recovery systems are skid mounted and transportable, they are fully assembled and come with all the needed ancillaries such as Boilers, Cooling Towers, and Electrical panels, and include forced circulation evaporators, followed by high Vacuum thin film evaporators.one of the great avenues of our technology that is under a complete control by modern PC/PLC control systems and can function completely Automatically, we monitor all phases of operation from our Roanoke, Virginia's office if your plant are internet connected, PESCO-BEAM are with you second by second all the way.most important to clients that we design and build systems that work, we do not only offer patent or prototype, we offer unique engineering solutions that allow our clients to have a great results in recovery "near virgin quality oil" to be sold at the highest international prices, for lube blending, as well as high quality fuel for marine engines, power generation or boilers.

Conclusion: Basic criteria for the selection process of environmentally sound reuse, reprocess,

recycling or rather Re-refining technology options of used oils should be based on the following considerations: • Feedstock (upstream) quality: degree and nature of contamination and environmental /health risks associated with handling and processing, volumes and types. • Treatment processes for getting appropriate quality feedstock for downstream industries or users, impacts on resource conservation, percentage of the product recovered, energy savings. • Impacts of treatment processes on public health and environmental media. • Final disposal of end-of-the-pipe output of treatment processes in the framework ofenvironmentally sound management of hazardous wastes. • Economics (economic viability/sustainable market and commercial feasibility; product value). • Technology and techniques (treatment capacity, feedstock capability) and their potential impacts on the environment. • Location of existing or planned facilities. • Infrastructure for clean and efficient collection, storage, and transport of used oils. • Public perception. • Legislation (i.e. on air emissions). • Socio-economic benefits (i.e. employment opportunities). • Knowledge of cases or processes which have gone wrong in the past. • Availability of cleaner production methods and clean technologies.

In some situations a number of supplementary factors need to be considered in theassessment procedure referred to above in order to comply with the requirements forenvironmentally sound and efficient management of hazardous wastes, a consideration of the standards for the environmentally sound management of the recovery operation in the State of export and the State of import should be looked into. Before getting into the authorization process for a particular reuse, recycling or recovery operation, the following elements should be taken into consideration: site selection, design standards for facilities, training of operators of the facility, environmental assessment, operation/discharge standards, monitoring and control, emergency and contingency plans, records and record-keeping, and decommission.

Further consideration should be given to the history of management practices, the preferred management methods for a particular waste stream, regulatory instruments, compliance with technical standards, enforcement requirements, etc.

Also, a number of elements should form part of the decision-making process, such as providing an assessment of the environmental soundness of affordable technologies; ensuring the existence of an adequate system for the analysis, monitoring and assessment of performance of the management infrastructure design to cope efficiently with the waste