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Use of Biodegradable and

Compostable Plastics in Organic

Waste Management

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Waste generation by Category

Source : http://www.chennaicorporation.gov.in

www.natur-tec.com©2013 NTIC

Municipal solid waste

generation in India

Million tonnes/day

Waste generation trend and implications for

Land requirement

Land requirement in sq. km

It is estimated that if the waste is not disposed off in a systematic manner,

more than 1400 sq. km of land would be required in the country by the end

of 2047 for its disposal.


Global warming

Today’s Environment & Climate change

Needless

to Say…


Waste surrounding us

Transfer stations



Plastic bags interrupting organic waste management

Photo: Nuria Vario

www.natur-tec.com ©2013 NTIC

What are Bio-Plastics?

“Bio-Based” Feedstock

“Biodegradable” End of Life

Bio-Plastics

Must Be Certifiable as Bio-Based

- Biobased – ASTM D6866

Must Be Defined and Certified

- Compostable – ASTM D6400


What does Biodegradable Mean?

Can the microorganisms in the disposal system (composting, soil, anaerobic digestor)

assimilate/utilize the carbon substrate as food source completely and in a short defined

time period?

CO2 + H2O + Cell biomass

Complete

microbial

assimilation

defined time

frame, no

residues!!!

Hydrolytic

Polymer chains with

susceptible linkages

Enzymatic

oxidativeOligomers & polymer fragments

Environment – soil, compost,

waste water plant, marine

Biodegradation: Only if all fragmented

residues consumed by microorganisms as

a food & energy source

Define time and environment (disposal

system)


Zero Waste / Zero Landfill solutionsBiodegradable foodservice ware in cafeterias enable source segregation

and diversion of food waste to composting facilities.


Garments packed in compostable bags

Logo for

compostable

plastics from

different

standards

Day 1 Day 15 Day 30 Day 45

Manure

Visual composting of bags in composting infrastructure


Cradle to Cradle Concept for Material Design(Integration of Biodegradable Materials with Disposal Infrasructures)

Biodegradable

Materials

Biodegradable

MaterialsCOMPOSTING

FACILITY

COMPOSTING

FACILITY

LAND APPLICATIONrecycling polymeric carbon back to soil

TEST METHOD

ASTM D5338; ISO14855 1 & 2

ISO16939 (disintegration)

ASTM D6340 C-14

SPECIFICATIONS

ASTM D6400; EN 13432

ISO 17088

ASTM D6868 – paper coatings

Waste water

treatment

facility

Waste water

treatment

facility

ASTM D5271

ISO 14851/14852

Anaerobic digestion

biogas energy plant

ASTM D5511

ISO 15985

Soil

Mulch film

Agriculture appl

Soil

Mulch film

Agriculture appl

ASTM D 5988

Marine

&

fresh water

ASTM D 6691,6692

D 7021 specification

Ramani Narayan, Michigan State University, www.msu.edu/~narayan


Benefits of processing Three tons of waste- Typical quantity per month

from an apartment complex having 200 flats


Decentralized composting models


Using manure from compost

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75,000 Tons per day of organic waste across India is being sent to landfills. This would

generate ~ 40000 Tons of methane every day (21 times more harmful as a green house

gas)- Assuming all waste put in landfill is converted to methane

Compostable carry out bags Compostable bags as bin liners Removed

bin bags

Snapshot of Bio-Degradation in Home Composting


Northern Technologies International Corp.

• Environmentally Beneficial Materials Science

• Headquartered in Circle Pines, MN USA

• Global distribution through 29 Joint-Ventures

• Global R&D & Manufacturing Facilities

• NASDAQ Ticker: NTIC

Introduction

Global leader in industrial packaging solutions

Proprietary biobased and biodegradable polymers


Management of waste in Sundaram Clayton using

Compostable bags


Thank You!

Dr. Sunder BalakrishnanGeneral manager,

Harita NTI Ltd.Phone: +91 9840641731Email: [email protected]

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