usda - 1. ~i~...grasslike - 90 percent forbs - 10 percent shrubs and cacti - t 10 20 20 10 20 t...

CLAY LOWLAND

KANSAS RANGE SITE DESCRIPTION

-1. Location ~i~:

land Resource Area 72Central High Table land

2. Climate:

See climate for LRA 72(Filed in the front of Section II-E)

3. Topography:

Nearly level to gently sloping alluvial lands that receive additionalwater from flooding.

4. Soils and Hydrological Characteristics:

a. The deep soils on this site have loamY or clayey surfacelayers and clayey subsoils. Water tables may temporarily riseinto the root zone during wet periods but is not the dominantfactor controlling vegetative growth. Available water capacityis nX>derate to high.

b. The major soil and soil types that characterize this site areclayey alluvial land and Church clay, dark variant.

Soils on this site are susceptible to wind and water erosionwhen unprotected. Internal drainage is slow to very slow withsurface ponding a problem. Flooding is also a hazard.

c.

5. Climax Vegetation:

Tall, m;d, and short grasses comb;ne to make th;s a potent;alm;xed grass pra;r;e s;te. B;g bluestem, s;deoats grama,sw;tchgrass, western wheatgrass, and v;nemesqu;te make upabout 55 percent of the potent;al vegetat;on. Buffalograssand blue grama comb;ne w;th sedges to make up an add;t;onal 30percent of the potent;al vegetat;on.

a.

USDA-SCS Section II-ET6 Notice KS-I07. Sept. 1983

-2-

b. Guidelines for Detennining Range Condition:

(Percentage of total production by weight)

Grasses andGrasslike - 90 Percent Shrubs and Cacti - TForbs - 10 Percent

1020201020

T pricklypear

55

10

big bluestemsideoats gramaswitchgrassvinemesquitewestern wheatgrass

151510

blue gramabuffalograsssedges

30

burragweedcurled dockDakota verbenafog fruitheath asterlambsquarterLouisiana sagewortnineanther daleaTexas crotonwestern ragweed

Canada wildryeprairie cordgrasssand drop seedtall dropseed

5

Invaders common to this site are bottlebrush squirreltail,cocklebur, giant ragweed, Japanese brame, kochia, smartweeds,rag sumpweed, and snow-on-the-mountain.

c.

6. Management Implications:

This site occurs on level to nearly level bottomlands. The highclay content of the soils contributes to a high degree of difficultyin managing this site to maintain it in good to excellent condition.

Although the site is often wet in the spring, it usually becomesextremely dry with large soil cracks in the hot, dry part of thesummer. Continuous grazing may cause severe compaction in thespring and early summer months further reducing water intake androot development. This combined with heavy grazing throughout thegrowing season makes it very difficult to maintain the tallergrasses.

With overgrazing buffalograss, blue grama, and sand dropseed tendto dominate this site. Continued overgrazing allows the ragweeds,rag sumpweed, little barley, and kochia to dominate the site. Oncethese plants dominate the site, most of the taller grasses havebeen eliminated. To return it to its productive potential is veryslow even with good grazing management.

Proper stocking rates and flexible grazing systems are necessary tomaintain this site or return it to near its potential.

USDA-SCS Section II-ETG Notice KS-107, Sept. 1983

-3-

Graz;ng should be avoided when the s;te ;s wet, ;f pract;ca1. Itshould also allow for graz;ng and rest per;ods dur;ng the grow;ngseason. The grass stubble should be ma;nta;ned at a suff;c;enthe;ght (4" to 6") to ;nsu1ate the so;l aga;nst bak;ng dur;ng hotdry summers. Use of th;s s;te for some w;nter graz;ng may beadv;sab1e because of potent;a1 l;vestock insect problems ;n thesummer and the need to ma;nta;n a good vegetat;ve cover dur;ng thehot, dry season.

Producers should be cautioned that the forage on this site tends tobe somewhat coarser than that on upland sites. The forage may beof lower quality than that found on upland sites, especially duringthe dormant season.

7. Wildlife Cons1deratio_Il~:

When maintained in good to excellent condition, this site providesgood feeding and loafing areas for most wildlife native to thearea. The wetness in the spring and the dry summer periods limitits value as a yearlong habitat. When in fair to poor condition,this site is of limited value to most wildlife.

8. .Q~~s~nd ~u_~~_:

Most of this site is used exclusively for rangeland. Limitedacreages are used as cropland, both dryland and irrigated.

9. Herbage Production Guidelines:

The following guidelines are based on available clipping data whenthis site is in excellent condition. Vigor of principal foragespecies, time of burning, if fire is used, as well as grow;ngcond;t;ons, influence annual herbage production.

Growing ConditionsTotal Air Dry Herbage

Pounds/Acre Kilograms/Hectare

3.360-4.4802,240-3,3601,340-2.240

3s000-4s0002s000-3s000ls200-2s000

FavorableNonnalUnfavorable

USDA-SCS Section II-ETG Notice KS-107t Sept. 1983

-4-

10. Guide to .Initial Stocking Rates:

Range~~Il

Percent ClimaxVegetation

Acres/AUYearlong

AU MonthsPer Acre

Hectares/AUYearlong

AUM's perHectare

ExcellentGoodFairPoor

76-10051-7526-500-25

14-1616-2020-3030+

.8

.7

.5

.3

5.6-6.56.5-8.1

8-1212+

2.01.751.250.75

These guidelines are considered safe initial stocking rates fromwhich a sound management program can be built. Grazing only duringthe dormant season or use of a specialized grazing program willusually allow a substantial increase in the stocking rates shown.

When in good to excellent condition, this site nonmally producesabout ~.75 ton of native hay per acre.

USDA-SCS Section II-ET6 Notice KS-I07, Sept. 1983

-5-

11. Relative Preference of Plant SDecies:

Preferences of plant species by classes of livestock and uses bywildlife will vary from year to year and season to season. Thetable below is what might be expected under average climaticconditions and good management.

Forage Preferences Wildlife Preferred Uses

H = HighM = MediumL = Low

C = CoverF = FoodN = Nesting

HHHLHl::HLHLMYMHHYLHYMH

c----FC,F--FFC--CF--C--CFF

C,N----FC,NFFFC,NFC,NFC,NC,F,NFC,NFC,N

big bluestemblue gramabuffalograssburragweedCanada wildryecurled dockheath asterlambsquarterlittle bluestemLouisiana sagewortprairie cordgrasssedgessideoats gramaswitchgrassTexas crotonvinemesquitewestern ragweedwestern wheatgrass

1/ Has a high preference during lush growth periods.

lJ Preferred during first half of growing season

Reference:

Anderson, Kling L. and Clenton E. Owensby. 1969 Common Names of aSelected List of Plants. Kansas State University Tech. Bul. 117.

USDA-SCS Section II-ETG Notice KS-107t Sept. 1983

CLAY LOWLAND


1. Location of Site:

Land Resource Areas 74 and 75 (North Half)Central Kansas Sandstone Hills andCentral Loess Plains (North Half)

-2. Climate:

See climate for LRA'S 74 and 75(Filed in the front of Section II-E)

3. Topography:

Nearly level to concave flood plains that are occasionally tofrequently flooded.

4 Soils and Hydr010Qica1 Characteristics:

a. The soils on this site are deep, clayey soils and have slow orvery slow penmeability. The high shrink-swell characteristicscause large deep cracks to develop in dry years. These conditionsresult in a network of small depressions and ridges scatteredacross the landscape. The site includes soils that are moderatelywell to poorly drained.

b. The major soils that characterize this site are:

New Cambria Solomon Sutphen

c. The soils on this site are occasionally to frequently floodedand also receive runoff from adjacent slopes. Surface runoffis very slow. Surface soils are frequently saturated withwater prior to and during early spring growth periods. Puddlingcan be a problem under these conditions.

5. Climax VeQetation:

a. Big bluestem dominates this site when in climax condition.Switchgrass, prairie cordgrass, indiangrass, and easterngamagrass are also present in smaller quantit;es. These tallgrasses tend to obtain greater heights than on upland sites.They make up about 75 percent of the potential vegetation. Inits development, the vegetation on this s;te was influenced byfires and grazing. The grazing was predominately by largetransient herds of bison and lesser numbers of deer and elk.

USDA-SCS Section II-ET6 Notice KS-116, July 1984

Clay lowland lRA's 74 and 75 2

b. Guidelines for DetennininQ RanQe Condition:

(Percentage of total production by weight)

Shrubs andTrees - T

Grasses andGrasslike - 90 Percent Forbs - 10 Percent

355

155

255

15

big bluestemeastern gamagrassindiangrasslittle bluestemprairie cordgrasssideoats gramaswitchgrass

T80 10

buckbrushcontnon buttonbushCORmon hackberrycottonwoodgreen ash;ndigobush amorpha

American licoricecup rosinweedIllinois bundleflowermaximilian sunflowerMissouri goldenrodtall goldenrodwholeleaf rosinweedwestern ragweed

10

baldwin ironweeddogbanePennsylvania smartweedswamp smartweed

Canada wildryegreen muhlymeadow tall dropseed Tscouringrushsedgestall dropseedVirginia wildryewestern wheatgrass

T blue gramabuffalograss

Invaders common to this site are barnyardgrass. giant foxtail.Japanese brame. little barley. osageorange. silver bluestem.and sumpweed.


This site appears on broad, flat flood plains where sediments havecollected to form deep soils. This site is found primarily alongthe major drainageways. Most of this site is utilized for croplandexcept where excess moisture prevents cultivation.

Grazing management that includes proper grazing use and periodicrest periods is needed to maintain the climax vegetation on thissite. Continuous season long or yearlong grazing results in easterngamagrass, maximi1ian sunflower, cup rosinweed, and who1e1eafrosinweed being reduced and eliminated from the site.

Overuse will result in reduction of big bluestem, indiangrass,switchgrass, prairie cordgrass, and American licorice. Principalincreasers are tall dropseed, meadow dropseed, buffalograss, westernwheatgrass, and baldwin ironweed.

USOA-SCS Section II-ETG Notice KS-116. July 1984

Clay Lowland LRAls 74 and 75 3

Continued heavy use causes tall dropseed, buffalograss, baldwinironweed, Japanese brome, little barley, giant ragweed, and westernragweed to become the dominant vegetation.

Proper stocking and timely defenments are the keys to restoring andmaintaining the potential vegetation on this site. Other toolssuch as prescribed burning, selective brush management, and distributionalaids will be needed, depending on the management objectives.

7. Wildlife Considerations:

This site is a preferred site of white-tail deer, raccoon, opossum,skunk, and songbirds because of the vegetative diversity and waterwhich ;s usually closely associated with this site. Managementthat maintains this diversity is advantageous to most wildlifespecies.

Numerous birds utilize this site, especially when it is located inconjunction with brush and riparian habitat.

Grazing management that maintains a vigorous plant community willprovide quality wildlife food and cover. Maintenance and managementof any existing woody species will enhance wildlife diversity andincrease the potential population of some species, especiallysongbirds, raccoons, and opossums.

8. Other Uses and Values:

The use of this site for cropland has greatly reduced the amountremaining in rangeland. The extremes of wetness and dryness onthis site and the abundance of vegetation produced prevent thissite from being preferred for recreation and related activities.

Although the site is often used for commercial and housing developments,it is not normally recommended. Flooding and high clay soils limit.its value for these uses.


The following guidelines are based on available clipping data whenthis site is in excellent condition. Vigor of principal foragespecies, proper burning techniques, if used, as well as growingconditions, influence annual herbage production.

Growing ConditionsTotal Air Dry Herbage

Pounds/Acre Kilograms/Hectare

5,500-7,5004,500-5,5003,000-4,500

6,160-8,4005,040-6,1603,360-5,040

FavorableNonnalUnfavorable

USDA-SCS Section II-ETG Notice KS-116. July 1984

Clay Lowland LRA's 74 and 75 4

10. Guide to Initial StockinQ Rates:

RangeCondition


Acres/AUYearlong

AU MonthsPer Acre

Hectares/AUYearlonQ

AUM's per~~r~-


76-10051-7526-500-25

9-1111-1515-2525+

1.2.9.6.4

3.5-4.54.5-6

6-1010+

3.02.21.51.0

These guidelines are considered safe initial stocking rates fromwhich a sound management program can be built. Grazing only duringthe dormant season or use of a specialized grazing program willusually allow a substantial increase in the stocking rates shown.

When maintained in good to excellent condition, an average hayyield of 1.25 to 1.5 tons per acre can be expected from this site.

USDA-SCS Section II-ETG Notice KS-116, July 1984


11. Relative Preference of Plant Species:

Preferences of plant species by classes of livestock and uses bywildlife will vary from year to year and season to season. Thetable below is what might be expected under average climaticconditions and good management.




An;mal Spec;esPlant Species Cattle-- Deer Pheasant

F---

C,NCF

C,F,NC,FC,N

CF

C,FC,NC,N---

C,F,NF

C,NF

HLHLHH.HHLM 1/H-LMlIH

HYMHH

American licoriceba1dwin ironweedbig b1uestembuckbrushcup rosinweedeastern gamagrassIllinois bund1ef1owerindiangrassindigobush amorphaJapanese bromemaximi1ian sunflowermeadow tall dropseedprairie cordgrasssideoats gramaswitchgrasswestern ragweedwestern wheatgrasswho1e1eaf rosinweed

F---C

C,FF

C,FFC

---FlIF

---C

F---FlIF

1/ Has a high preference during lush growth periods.

11 Preferred during first half of growing season

Reference:

Anderson, Kling L. and Clenton E. Owensby. 1969 Common Names of aSelected List of Plants. Kansas State Un;vers;ty Tech. Bul. 117.

USDA-SCS Section II-ETG Notice KS-116, July 1984

CLAY LOWLAND

KANSAS RANGE SITE DESqRIPTION

1. Location of Site:

Land Resource Area 78Central Rolling Red Pla;ns

2. Climate:

See climate for LRA 78(Filed in the front of Section II-E)

3. Topography:

This site occurs on nearly level or get tlY sloping alluvial lands that

receive additional water from flooding

4. Soils and Hydro10gfca1 Characterfsticsf

a. The deep soils on this site have! layey surfaces and clayey

subsoils. Water tables may tempo ar;ly r;se into the root zone

during wet periods but are not th dominant factor controllingvegetative growth. Available wat r capacity is moderate or high.

b. The major soil that characterizes/this site is Mangum clay

c. Soils on this site are susceptib1f to wind and water erosion whenunprotected. Internal drainage i slow or very slow with surfaceponding a problem. Flooding is a so a hazard.

5. Climax Vegetation:

a. Tall, mid, and short grasses comb°ne to make this a potentialmixed grass prairie site. Big bl estem, sideoats grama,switchgrass, and western wheatgra s make up 60 to 65 percent ofthe potential vegetation. Buffal grass and blue grama combinewith sedges to make up an additio al 20 percent of the potentialvegetation.

USDA-SCS Section II-~TG Notice KS-128~ 9/85

Clay lowland LRA 78 2

b. Guidelines for Determinin Ran e ondition:

(Percentage of total production b weight)

Grasses andGrasslike - 90 Percent Forbs - 10 Percent Cacti - T

2055

20255

15

big bluestemindiangrasslittle bluestemsideoats gramaswitchgrassvinemesquitewestern wheatgrass

pricklypear

6510

155

10

blue gramabuffalograsssedges

20

burragwe dcurled d ckDakota v rbenafog fru;heath as rlambsqua erLou;s;an sagewortn;neanth daleaTexas cr onwestern gweed

Canada wildryemeadow dropseedprairie cordgrasssand dropseedtall dropseedwhite tridens

5

c. Invaders common to this site are ~ ottlebrush squirreltail, cocklebur, giant ragweed, Japanes brame, kochia, smartweeds, rag

sumpweed, and snow-on-the-mountai .


The high clay content of the soils con, ributes to a high degree ofdifficulty in managing this site to ma ntain it in good to excellentcondition.

Although the site is often wet in the pring, it usually becomesextremely dry with large soil cracks i the hot, dry part of thesummer. Continuous grazing may cause evere compaction in the springand early summer months further reduci g water intake and rootdevelopment. This combined with heavy grazing throughout the growingseason makes it very difficult to main ain the taller grasses.

With overgrazing blue grama, buffalogr ss, western wheatgrass, andsand dropseed tend to dominate this si e. Continued overgrazingallows the ragweeds, rag sumpweed, lit le barley, and kochia todominate the site. Once these plants ominate the site, most of thetaller grasses have been eliminated. 0 return it to its productivepotential is very slow even with good razing management.

USDA-SCS Section 11-EITG Notice KS-128, 9/85

Clay lowland LRA 78 3

Proper stocking rates and flexible gra~ing systems are necessary tomaintain this site or return it to neat its potential.

Grazing should be avoided when the sit is wet, if practical. Itshould also allow for grazing and rest periods during the growingseason. The grass stubble should be m intained at a sufficient height(6" to 8") to insulate the soil agains baking during hot, drysummers. Use of this site for some wi ter grazing may be advisablebecause of potential livestock insect roblems in the summer and theneed to maintain a good vegetative cov r during the hot, dry season.

Producers should be cautioned that the t fOrage on this site tends to be somewhat coarser than that on upland s"tes. The forage may be of

lower quality than that found on uplan sites, especially during the

dormant season.

7 _~9_Ufe Considerations:

When ma;nta;ned ;n good to excellent Cl nd;t;on, th;s site prov;desgood feed;ng and loaf;ng areas for mos w;ldl;fe nat;ve to the area.

The wetness in the spr;ng and the dry ummer per;ods l;mits its valueas a yearlong habitat. When;n fair t poor condit;on, th;s s;te ;sof l;mited value to most wildl;fe.

8. Other Uses and Values:- - --

Most of this site is used exclusively ~ or rangeland. limited acreages

are used as cropland. both dryland and irrigated. It is not a

preferred building site because of flo ding and the heavy clay soils.

9 ~erbage Production Guidelines:

The following guidelines are based on ~ vailable clipping data when

this site is in excellent condition. igor of principal forage

species., time of burning, if fire is u ed, as well as growingconditions, influence annual herbage p oduction.

Growing ConditionsTo~al Air Dry Herbage

Pounds/Acre 1-- Kilograms/Hectare

5,040-6,7203,920-5,0402,240-3,920

4,500-6,0003,500-4,5002,000-3,500

FavorableNormalUnfavorable

Section I I-EITG Notice KS-128, 9/85

USDA-SCS

4lowland LRA 78

Guide to Initial §tock1.ngRates:

Hectares/AUYearlong

AUM's perHectare


76-10051-7526-500-25

Acres/AUYearlong

,a.U Months~er Acre

RangeCondition

10-1212-1818-2525+

1.1.8.6.4

4-55-77-1010+

2.12.01.51.0


These guidelines are considered safe i ~ .tial stocking rates from which

a sound management program can be buil . Grazing only during the

dormant season or use of a specialized grazing program will usuallyallow a substantial increase in the st king rates shown.

When in good to excellent condition, t~is site normally produces about1.0 ton of native hay per acre. I

~

USDA-SCS Section II-~TG Notice KS-128,1 9/85

lowland LRA 78 5

Relative Preference of Plant SDecies:

Preferences of plant species by classef of livestock and uses by

wildlife will vary from year to year u d season to season. The table

below is what might be expected under verage climatic conditions andgood management.

Forage Preferences Wilijlife Preferred Use~



esPlant Species

C

FC,F

FFC

CF

C

CFF

C.N

FC N.FFF

C.NF

C.NF

C.NC.F.N

FC.NF

C.N

HHHLHLHLHLM 1/M-HH 2/L-H 2/M-H

big bluestemblue gramabuffalograssburragweedCanada wildryecurled dockheath asterlambsquarterlittle bluestemLouisiana sagewortprairie cordgrasssedgessideoats gramaswitchgrassTexas crotonvinemesquitewestern ragweedwestern wheatgrass

1/ Has a high preference during lush growth! periods.

lJ Preferred during first half of growing s~ason.

Reference:

Anderson. Kling L. and Clenton E. Owensby. 11969 Common Names of a SelectedList of Plants. Kansas State University Tefh. Bul. 117.

USDA-SCS Section II-EITG Notice KS-128, 9/85

CLAY LOWLAND


1 Location of Site:

Land Resource Areas 106 and 107Nebraska and Kansas Loess-Drift Hillsand Iowa and Missouri Deep Loess Hills

2. C11mat~:

See climate for LRA'S 106 and 107(Filed in the front of Section II-E)

3. Topography:

Nearly level to concave landscapes locat~d on flood plains.

4. $oils and HYdroloqical Characteristics:

a. The soils in this site are deep andI clayey and have slow to

very slow penneabi1ity. Their high shrink-swell characteristiccauses large deep cracks to develop in dry years. Theseconditions result in a network of s~ll depressions and ridgesscattered across the landscape.

b. The soils that characterize this si~e are:

Albaton Onawa Wabash

c. The soils on this site are occasion~lly or frequently flooded.Surface runoff is slow and ponding ~s a hazard during wetseasons. Puddling can be a problem

~ under these conditions. A

seasonal, high water table is at a epth of 0 to 3 feet on

these poorly or somewhat poorly dra ned soils.

5 Climax VeQetatfon:

a. Prairie cordgrass dominates this si~e when in climax condition.Switchgrass, big bluestem, 1nd1angrass, and eastern gamagrassare al so present in smaller quant1t,1es. These tall grassestend to obtain greater heights thanlon upland sites. Theymake up about 75 percent of the potential vegetation. In itsdeveloJMnent, the vegetation on this site was influenced byfires and grazing. The grazing wasl predominately by largetransient herds of bison and lesser numbers of elk and deer.

USDA-SCS Sect1on II-EITG Not1ce KS-116. July 1984

Clay Lowland LRA'S 106 and 107 2~

b. Guidelines For Detenminin ition:

{Percentage of total production by eight}

Shrubs andTrees - 5 Percent

Grasses andGrasslike - 85 Percent Forbs_-- }pJP~r~~!1~

55 5020

prairie cordgrassswitchgrass

201010

big bluestemeastern gamagrassindiangrass

1020 5

American elderberryblack willowbuckbrushconlnon buttonbushcottonwoodgreen ashindigobush amorphapin oaksycamore

American 1 coricecup rosinw edIllinois b nd1ef10wermaximi1ian sunflowersawtooth s nf10wertall golde rodwho1e1eaf osinweed

baldwin ir~nweeddogbane IPennsylvania smartweedswamp smartweedwingstem :

10 T

Canada wildryegreen muhlymeadow tall dropseedrice cutgrassscouringrushsedgestall dropseedVirginia w1ldrye

c. Common invaders to th;s s;te ;nclud+ barnyardgrass, giantfoxta;l, Japanese brame, lanceleaf tagweed, mulberry, osageorange,s;lver bluestem, and sumpweed.

Management Implications:6.This site appears on broad, flat flood Pi ains where sediments havecollected to form deep soils. It is fou d primarily along themajor drainageways. Most of this site; utilized for croplandexcept where excess moisture prevents cu tivat;on.

To maintain climax vegetation with grazi,g by cattle. specializedgrazing systems that provide periodic re~t periods to the vegetationare essential. Continuous season long oi yearlong grazing willresult in eastern gamagrass. rice cutgra s. maximi1ian sunflower.sawtooth sunflower. cup rosinweed. and w 01e1eaf rosinweed beingreduced and eliminated from the site. I

Overuse will result in reduction of big ; luestem, indiangrass, sw;tchgrass, and prairie cordgrass. Pr; c;pal increasers are tall

dropseed, meadow tall dropseed, baldwin ronweed, and buckbrush.

Continued heavy use causes tall dropseed. baldwin ironweed, buckbrushswamp smartweed, Japanese brome, giant r~gweed, western ragweed,and Kentucky bluegrass to become the domffnant understory vegetation.Osageorange, green ash, pin oak, cottonwood, willow, and sycamorewill fonm the overstory vegetation.

USDA-SCS Section II-EITG Notice KS-116. July 1984

Clay Lowland LRA'S 106 and 107 3~

Even with good grazing management the WOf Y overstory vegetation tends to dominate in the absence of fire r other methods of woody

vegetation control. The proper use of fire will also aid in the

distribution of grazing on this site.

Excessive grazing with sheep will resul f in tall dropseed, sumpweed, and barnyardgrass becoming the dominant getation. Only larger

trees already present on the site will rsist. Most tree seedlings

will be grazed by the sheep.

Proper stocking and timely deferments a~ the keys to maintainingor restoring the potential vegetation on this site. Other toolssuch as prescribed burning, selective b sh management, and distributionalaids will be needed.

7. Wildlife Considerations:

This site is a preferred site for white- ~ ail deer, raccoon, and

opossum because of the vegetative diversity and water which is

usually closely associated with this sit. Numerous species ofbirds also utilize this site when it is located in conjunction withriparian habitat. Management that maintains this diversity isadvantageous to most wildlife species as~ociated with the site.

Good grazing management and/or the use O~ prescribed burning is

necessary to prevent much of this site f om having an excessive

mulch layer and/or a dense brush underst rYe Such a conditionwould make the site less desirable for m st wildlife species.

Maintenance and management of existing wQodland will enhance speciesdiversity and population numbers.

Other Uses and Values:8.Only small amounts of this site have bee~ kept in rangeland. The

wetness of the site and the abundance of vegetation produced normally

prevent this site from being preferred f r recreation and relatedactivities.

The management and production of qUalitY~hardWood trees on thissite can be profitable. Through managem nt this site is capable ofgood grass production and limited tree p oduction on the sameacreage. !I

USDA-SCS Section I1-E I

TG Notice KS-116, July ~984



The following guidelines are based on ava~ .lable clipping data when

this site is in excellent condition. Vig r of principal forage

species. time of burning. if fire is used. as well as growingconditions. influence annual herbage prod ction.

Growing ConditionsTotal :Air Dry Herbage

Pounds/Acre I Kilograms/Hectare

7.500-9.0006.500-7.5005.000-6.500

8,400-9,8007,000-8,4005,400-7,000

FavorableHonnalUnfavorable

10. Guide to Initial Stocking Rates:

Range.-G9J)~jJ,j9J)


Acres/AUYearlong

AU ~onthsper1 Acre

Hectares/AUYear' ong

AUM's perHectare


76-]51-i26-f

O-~

5-78-10

11-1616+

~.o 1.5

1.0.6

2-33-44-77+

53.72.51.5

These guidel ines are considered safe ini ~ ial stocking rates from

which a sound management program can be b ilt. Grazing only during

the dormant season or use of a specializ grazing program willusually allow a substantial increase in t e stocking rates shown.

When maintained in good to excellent cond~tion, an average hayyield of 1.75 to 2.25 tons per acre can b~ expected from this site.

USDA-SCS Section ll-E I

TG Notice KS-116. July ~984

lOOrsiO~S

5Clay Lowland LRA'S 106 and 107

11. Relative Preference of Plant Species:

Preferences of plant species by classes 1 f livestock and uses by

wildlife will vary from year to year and season to season. The

table below is what might be expected un er average climaticconditions and good management.



c = cqverF = FoodN = Nesting

esPlant S ec;es att e Deer ua1l

cc

cc

cc

cc

c,c

F---C

F.CF

F,CFC

---

FlI---F

---F,CCC

---F

HMILMMHHHMLIL 1/LHLMLMLH

HLHLHHHHL

H/LLHLLM

HIMMH

American licoricebaldwin ironweedbig bluestembuckbrushcup rosinweedeastern gamagrassIllinois bundleflowerindiangrassindigobush amorphaJapanese bromelanceleaf ragweedmaximi11an sunflowermeadow tall dropseedpin oakprairie cordgrassswitchgrasstall dropseed.wholeleaf rosinweed

11 Has a high preference during lush growth p,riods

11 Preferred during first half of growing sea,on

Reference:

Anderson, Kling L. and Clenton E. Owensby. 1969 Common Names of aSelected List of Plants. Kansas State Univer$ity Tech. Bul. 117.

USDA-SCS Section II-E I

TG Notice KS-116, July ~984

FC,N,FF,NF,NCC,F,FC,F,NF,N"NF

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