usarchevoomermisi 2013---sworeba ekaold.press.tsu.ge/geo/internet/elektronuli journals... · ass...

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ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

m e r m i s i

s t u d e n t T a s a m e c n i e r o S r o m e b i

Tbilisi 2013

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ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

m a s a l e b i

IV studenturi regionTaSoriso respublikuri konferencia

urTierTobaTa da konfliqtebis

daregulirebisaTvis

humanitaruli da kulturul- saganmanaTleblo

mimarTulebis proeqti

II studenturi regionTaSorisi respublikuri konferencia

masalebi

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redkolegia: Tamar paiWaZe (mTavari redaqtori) konferenciis xelmZRvaneli, organizatori

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetis profesori, proeqtis xelmZRvaneli kaxaber loria (redaqtori) konferenciis xelmZRvaneli, organizatori ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetis profesori nino mindiaSvili (koordinatori) profesori, soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti profesorebi: anastasia zaqariaZe, irina mirijanaSvili, inga sanikiZe, qeTevan sixaruliZe, Tamar SarabiZe, maka elbaqiZe, irina nacvliSvili, nino WalaganiZe, sofiko ZnelaZe (doqtoranti) (ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti) profesorebi: prof. mariam miresaSvili, elguja qavTaraZe, mamuli beria (soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti)

profesori: Tamar kiknaZe (kavkasiis universiteti) profesori: frude hermundsgordi (oslos universiteti) © Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, 2013

konfliqtologia, saerTaSoriso urTierTobebi, politologia, Jurnalistika

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konfliqtologia, saerTaSoriso urTierTobebi

qeTevan CiqvilaZe ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universiteti, magistratura

CinelTa amerikanizaciis problemebi

xelmZRvaneli: profesori elene meZmariaSvili

aSS CinelTa emigracia ganpirobebuli iyo TiTqmis imave mizezebiT, raTac uamravi sxva

qveynebidan aSS-Si emigrirebuli xalxebisa.erTni Tu qveyanaSi oqros saZieblad Cadiodnen,

raTa gaeumjobesebinaT ekonomiuri mdgomareoba, meoreni ubralod iZulebulni iyvnen Ta-

visi qveyana autaneli sacxovrebeli pirobebis gamo daetovebinaT aRsaniSnavia, rom Cine-lebma sxva kontinentze Tan waiRes sakuTari ena, kultura, socialuri institutebi da

kostiumebi, isini cdilobdnen aSS-s mosaxleobis ganuyofeli nawili gamxdariyvnen.

Cinelebi pirveli emigrantTa jgufebi iyvnen, romelTac 1882 wels kongresma uari

uTxra moqalaqeobis gacemaze da aukrZala qveyanaSi Sesvla. Cinelebis aSS-Si emigraciam Ca-moayaliba urTierToba ara marto maTsa da aSS-is moqalaqeebs Soris, aramed didi gavlena

moaxdina aSS-sa da CineTis, rogorc qveynebis urTierTobaze. Cineli amerikelebis gavlena

aSS-is politikaze, mecnierebasa da kulturaze sagrZnobia. Cinelebis imigracia aSS-Si aris

nawili Cinelebis msoflio masStabiT imigraciis didi istoriuli procesisa (CineTis ga-

reT, Cinelebis moZraoba grZeldeba 5000 wlis ganmavlobaSi; dRes 35 mln. Cineli cxovrobs CineTis gareT,130-ze met qveyanaSi).

aSS-i CinelTa emigracia sam periods moicavs: 1849-1882, 1882-1965 da 1965-dan dRemde.

aSS-Si pirveli Cinelebi ZiriTadad axalgazrda mamakacebi iyvnen CineTis samxreT provin-

ciebidan, romlebic amerikis aRmosavleTSi Casuli iyvnen samuSao kontraqtiT. muSaTa ume-tesobas sakmaod SezRuduli miznebi hqonda: daewinaurebinaT sakuTari Tavisa da ojaxis

ekonomiuri mdgomareoba. 1882 wlis dasawyisSi, aSS-s kongresma Cineli emigrantebis wina-

aRmdeg mTeli rigi anti-Cinuri kanonebis sia miiRo, uari uTxra maT moqalaqeobis gacemaze

da demokratiul uflebebze, aseve rac mTavaria maT qveyanaSi Sesvla aukrZala. situacia mxolod 1964-65 wlebidan Seicvala,rodesac miRebuli iqna saemigraciao aqti,romelic

iTvaliswinebda qveyanaSi Tavisuflad Sesvlas. aman misca Cinelebs saSualeba, masobrivad

Casuliyvnen amerikaSi da mobilizebuliyvnen rasobrivi Tanasworobisa da sazogadoebrivi

marTlmsajulebis moTxovnisaTvis. aRsaniSnavia,rom XIX saukunis II naxevridan da XX saukunis dasawyisidan moyolebuli,

Cinuri kvartlebi (CHINATOWNS) mudmiv sacxovrebels warmoadgenda im CinelTaTvis, vinc

mowyvetili iyo sakuTari qveynas da evro-amerikelebTan SedarebiT SezRuduli uflebe-

biT sargeblobdnen. aRsaniSnavia, rom aSS-s TeTrkanian mosaxleobasTan CinelTa asimila-cia uperspeqtivod miiCneoda, radgan TeTrkaniani amerikelebi maT arasrulfasovan rasad

miiCnevdnen, maTTan asimilacias Seurawyofad Tvlidnen.

me19 saukuneSi,bevri emigranti Cineli aSS-Si ver poulobda Tavis adgils da urTules

pirobebSi uxdeboda arsebobisaTvis brZola. swored amis gamo ganviTarda maTSi sirTule-ebisadmi gamklavebis maRali done. es Tviseba maTi cxovrebis erTgvari stili gaxda, rome-

lic iTvaliswinebda xelmomWirned cxovrebas. Cineli amerikeli mSoblebi cdilobdnen-


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,rom Svilebs ar daeviwyebinaT Cinuri ena da kultura, baSvebi ganaTlebas mxolod Cinur kvartlebSi arsebul Cinur skolebSi iRebdnen,aseve didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda qorwine-

bis sakiTxsac.

Cinelebi mudam erTiandebodnen socialur organizaciebSi. raionuli da ojaxuri

asociaciebi maT saerTointeress warmoadgenda. bevr aseT asociacias qselebi hqonda sxva-dasxva Cinur kvartlebSi da es saSualebas aZlevda maT wevrebs erTi qalaqidan meoreSi

emogzauraT. swored am asociaciebis meSveobiT Seiqmna TiToeul qalaqSi Cinuri saqvel-

moqmedo organizaciebi. amave dros, es gaerTianebebi imdenad Zlieri da despoturi iyo,

rom xels uSlida politikur da socialur aRmavlobas. am specifiur getoebSi xSirad Cadioda mTeli rigi protestanti da kaTolike misio-

nerebisa, romelnic aq eklesiebsa da skolebs afuZnebdnen, da rac mTavaria cdilobdnen Ci-

nelTa moqcevasa da asimilacias. garda qristianebisa,Cinur kvartlebSi Cadioda aseve Ci-

nuri politikuri dajgufebebis wevrebisa da reformatorebis nakadi. rasakvirvelia, ori-ve mxares sakuTari miznebi gaaCndaT: erTni Tu cdilobdnen CinelTa asimilacia-akultu-

racias, meore mxaris mizani iyo CinelTaTvis STaegonebinaT CineTisadmi kulturuli da

politikuri loialoba. magaliTad, san-franciskos Cinur kvartlebSi arsebuli yvela

mniSvnelovani qristianuli skola da eklesia, misionerebis mier iyo daarsebuli, es kvar-tali warmoadgenda yvelaze dids mTels aSS-Si da iyo Cineli amerikelebis yvelaze did po-

litikuri, ekonomikuri da kulturuli centri.

segregaciis pirobebSi,bevr Cinels scxvenoda Tavisi garegnobis, statusisa kultu-

ris. sakuTari Tavisadmi siZulvili da moTxovnileba, miRebulni yofiliyvnen TeTrkanian-

Ta sazogadoebis mier, maT akviatebul azrad iqca. aman miiyvana zogierTi Cineli amerikeli sakuTari kulturisa da enis uaryofamde da radikauri amerikanizaciis Ziebamde. amerikul

RirebulebebTan adaptaciis, qristianobaze moqcevis mcdeloba,sakuTari rasobrivi da

kulturul individualobis uaryofa, II msoflio omis periodSi warumatebeli aRmoCnda

maTTvis. bevri Cineli iZulebuli gaxda gaeketebina arCevan darCeniliyo aSS-Si meorexa-risxovani moqalaqis statusiT an dabrunebuliyo CineTSi. emigrantTa Taobas mxolod er-

TaderTi arCevani hqonda: Tavisi momavali CineTSi eZiaT. Tumca 40-ian wlebSi CineTSi dawy-

ebulma modernizaciis procesma maT es arCevanic mouspo. CineTSi aSS-dan dabrunebul Ci-

nelebs amerikel agentebad miiCnevdnen da ar endobodnen. aRsaniSnavia, rom CineT iaponiis periodSi (1927-1941ww), gomindanis liderebi ramodenimejer Cavidnen amerikaSi,raTa Cine-

li amerikelebis mxardaWera moepovebinaT. fraqciuli kamaTi proCinursa da protaivanur

Zalebs Soris Zalian bevri mxareebiT am politikuri memkvidreobis nawils warmoadgenda.-

Tavisi arsiT, CineTis politikuri fraqciuloba iqca Cinuri amerikuli cxovrebis ganuyo-fel nawilad. misionerebisa da politikuri reformatorebis ZalisxmevasTan erTad, daar-

sebuli iqna bevri politikuri partia, eklesiebi, skolebi da gazeTebi. skolebi da gazeTe-

bi amerikaSi iqca erT-erT yvelaze gavlenian da myar institutebad. orivem erTad, udidesi

roli iTamaSa Cinel amerikelTa Soris Cinuri kulturis SenarCunebis saqmeSi. saintereso fenomens Cinuri ojaxi warmoadgens.1882 wlidan moyolebuli, roca Cine-

lebi aSS-Si samuSao kontraqtiT Cavidnen, Cinuri mosaxleobis umravlesobas warmoadgen-

dnen axalgazrda mamakacebi, romlebis an dauqorwineblebi iyvnen an CineTSi hyavdaT dato-

vebuli col-Svili. Cinurma ojaxebma aSS-Si ZiriTdad XX saukunis dasawyisidan iwyio gam-

ravleba. Cinuri ojaxis umetesoba warsulSic da axlac warmoadgens samewarmeo erTiano-bas, sadac ojaxis yvela wevri bavSvebis CaTvliT gaerTianebulia saojaxo biznesSi, sadac

bavSvebis gansakuTrebuli roli imaSi mdgomareobs, rom isini aSS-Si arian dabadebulni da

mSoblebTan SedarebiT gacilebiT ukeT floben inglisur enas, rac didi rols TamaSobs


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bisznesis ganviTarebaSi. Cinuri biznesis warmatebis mTavari safuZveli,gansakuTrebuli Sromismoyvareobaa.

meore msoflio omis Semdgomma liberalurma saemigracio politikam aSS-Si kidev uf-

ro Seuwyo xeliCinuri ojaxebis aSS-Si emigracias. 1965 wlis saemigracio aqtma didi gavle-

na moaxdina aSS-Si Cinuri ojaxebis cxovrebaze. am periodSi Cinuri mosaxleoba amerikaSi aramarto gaizarda, aseve bevri Cineli emigranti amerikaSi modioda rogorc calkeuli

ojaxebi-rogorc wesi, coli, qmari da dauqorwinebeli bavSvebi.

Tanamedrove Cinur amerikul ojaxs xuT kategoriad hyofen: 1. Zveli emigrantebis

ojaxebi 2) profesionali emigrantebis ojaxebi 3) amerikaSi dabadebul CinelTa ojaxe-bi 4) axali muSa-emigrantTa ojaxebi da 5) bikulturuli Cinuri ojaxebi. ganvixilav am

ojaxebis mesame tips,romelsac miekuTvneba Cinuri amerikuli ojaxi. 1940 wlamde aSS-Si

ojaxis es tipi ar arsebobda, amave dros, 1965 wlis imigraciis talrasTan dakavSirebiT,a-

merikaSi dabadebuli Cinelebi warmoadgendnen mTels aSS-Si Cinuri mosaxleobis umcires jgufs.imis gamo, rom aSS-Si emigraciis talRebi sxvadasxva periodebSi xorceldeboda,mo-

saxleobis am jgufs Soris mniSvnelovani mravalferovnebebi arsebobs. es mosaxleoba miis-

wrafis miiRos umaRlesi ganaTleba,raTa momavalSi ar hqondes problemebi dasaqmebaze. aR-

saniSnavia, rom es Cinuri akulturebul-asimilirebuli ojaxis tipi, ufro Tanamedrove da kosmopolituria da isini Tavs ufro metan amerikelebad Tvlian vidre Cinelebad, Tumca

maTSi arsebobs tendencia, qalaqgareT hqondeT aRdgenili an naxevrad gafarToebuli Ci-

nuri Temebi.

sainteresoa, agreTve Cinuri ojaxis bikulturuli tipi. miuxedavaT imisa,rom Cine-

lebi umetes SemTxvevaSi erTmaneTze qorwindebian, Sereuli ojaxebi mainc gvxvdeba, anu isini mainc qorwindebian sxva rasebis warmomadgenlebze.

aRsaniSnavia, rom konfucionelebis gavlenam udidesi roli iTamaSa Cinuri amerikuli

ojaxis erTianobis ganmtkicebaSi, isini unergavdnen umcrosebs ufrosebisadmi pativisce-

mis grZnobas,aseve pativiscemas xelisuflebis xeliuflebisadmi. maRali Rirebuleba eni-Weboda ganaTlebas. yovelive es iyo mizezi Cineli amerikelebis ganaTlebis maRali donisa.

kvlevebis mixedviT, 2000wels, Cinel mosaxleobasTan SedarebiT, 25-dan 64 wlamde TeT-

rkaniani mosaxleobis ufro did nawils miRebuli hqonda saSualo saskolo ganaTleba. miu-

xedavaT am maCveneblisa, Cinur mosaxleobas ganaTlebis sferoSi meti warmatebebi hqonda miRweuli.azielebis eqstraordinalurma miRwevebma ganaTlebis dargSi, miizida ameriku-

li sazogadoeba da masmedia. ucxouri wamoSobis Cinelebi TeTrkanian amerikelebTan Seda-

rebiT, ganaTlebis sferoSi aCveneben polarizaciis ufro maRal dones. ucxoeli Cinelebis

80%-s ar gaaCnia sruli saskolo ganaTleba TeTrkaniani amerikelebis 10%-Tan SedarebiT-.ucxoeli Cinelebis polarizaciis klasi mniSvnelovnad asaxavs Tanamedrove Cinuri emig-

raciis kanonzomierebas. udidesi ricxvi maRalkvalificiuri ganaTlebuli emigrantebisa,

aSS-Si warmoiSva bolo 30 wlis ganmavlobaSi CineTidan da taivanidan. amerikaSi miRebuli

ganaTlebis mere, CineTidan, hon-kongidan da taivanidan Camosuli studentema qveyanaSi mo-qalaqeoba miiRes da mudmivad dasaxldnen aq. Cineli emigrantebis sazogadoeba or katego-

riad iyofa: pirvels ufro ganaTlebulni da SeZlebulni miekuTvnebian, xolo meores gau-

naTleblebi. 1910 wels, Cineli bavSvebis wili, romelnic eswrebodnen saskolo mecadineo-

bebs, TeTrkanian bavSvebTan SedarebiT SesamCnevad dabali iyo. xolo,1930 wlisTvis, sko-

las Cineli amerikeli mozardebi ufro eswrebodnen, vidre maTi TeTrkaniani Tanatole-bi.1960 wels ki Cinelebi ganaTlebis donis mixedviT, ukve TeTrkanianebis doneze idgnen,

zogjer aRematebodnen kidec. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT am periodSi gavrcelebuli rasizms,


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gansakuTrebiT dasavleT sanapiroze, maTi miRwevebi ganaTlebis sferoSi marTlac SesaniS-navia.

rac Seexeba Cineli amerikelebis kulturas, rogorc zemoT aRvniSne,maT kargad aqvT

SenarCunebuli erovnuli tradiciebi.sakmaod bevri Cineli amerikeli axlac atarebs tra-

diciul Cinur tanisamoss. es gansakuTebiT Cans maT qorwilebsa da wveulebebSi. drodad-ro, Cinuri stili Tavis gzas poulobs amerikul maRal modasa da holivudSi.

amrigad, amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi Cinelebis istoria bolo 150 wlis ganmavloba-

Si xasiaTdeba individualuri da institucionaluri Cagvris epizodebiT, diskriminaciiTa

da rasizmiT. Cinelebi iyvnen izolirebulni Cinur kvartlebSi (Chinatowns) da sazogadoe-bis mier segregirebulni. maTTvis moqmedebda kanonebi, romlebic krZalavda maT monawile-

obas amerikuli sazogadoebis politikur, sasamarTlo, socialur, ekonomikur Tu saganma-

naTleblo dawesebulebebSi. 1882 wels, Cinelebs aukrZales aSS-Si Sesvla da es kanoni Zala-

Si rCeboda 80 wlis ganmavlobaSi, 1965 wels saemigracio aqtis miRebamde. miuxedavaT am farTod gavrcelebuli rasizmisa, Cinelebi mainc agrZeleben adaptacias amerikul sazoga-

doebasTan. maTi socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba gaumjobesda da zogierTi maCveneb-

lebiT, rogoric aris magaliTad: ganaTleba da Semosavali, aRemateba TeTrkanianTa miRwe-

vebs. miuxedavad aseTi gaumjobesebisa, Cinelebs jer kidev didi gza aqvT gasavleli, raTa gauTanaswordnen amerikaSi dominirebul TeTrkanian mosaxleobas. iseTi maCveneblebidan,

rogoric aris qorwineba da sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebi, Cans,rom TandaTan mimdinare-

obs aSS-Si Cinelebis asimilacia-akulturacia TeTrkanian sazogadoebasTan. amave dros

akulturacia aracalasaxa procesad mimdinareobs. gamokvlevebi gviCvenebs, rom amerike-

lebis mniSvnelovani nawili jer kidev kategorulia amerikul sazogadoebaSi Cinelebis sruli asimilaciisadmi. Tumca nawili absolturad loialuria maTdami.

miuxedavad imisa, rom 1980-iani wlebi SeiZleba CaiTvalos, CinelebisTvis aSS-Si mniS-

vnelovani miRwevebis aTwleulad, is agreTve cnobilia, rogorc aTwleuli, rodesac anti-

Cinurma antagonizmma da Zaladobam xelaxali aRorZineba daiwyo. 1990-ian wlebSi, klinto-nis administraciis mmarTvelobis periodSi, Tavi iCina administraciis mier marTvaSi daS-

vebuli Secdomebis Sedegad amerikis ekonomikis vardnam da am procesSi gantevebis vaci Ci-

neli amerikeli aRmoCnda.maT mimarT aRiZra uamravi sasamarTlo procesi politikuri da

samrewvelo SpionaJis muxliT, rasac moyva sazogadoebis uaryofiTi damokidebuleba Cine-li amerikelebis mimarT.

21-e saukunis dasawyisSi, Cinelebis momavali amerikul sazogadoebaSi sakmaod bundo-

vania, TiTqos da damokidebulia aSS-Si arsebul politikur, socialur da ekonomikur faq-

torebze da aseve CineTsa da amerikis SeerTebul Statebs Soris arsebul urTierTobebze.


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mariam papoSvili ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, bakalavriati

TurqeTi-samxreT kavkasiisa da evrokavSiTan urTierTobis prizmaSi

xelmZRvaneli profesori: gizo WeliZe

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg kavkasiaSi damoukidebeli saxelmwifoebis gamoCenam

gadamwyveti roli iTamaSa TurqeTis regionuli politikis formirebaSi. pirvel rigSi, sa-

erTaSoriso procesebis sistemurma cvlilebebma ubiZga TurqeTs regionul politikaSi

Tavisi rolis gafarTovebisken. igi iyo pirveli saxelmwifo, romelmac scno axlad damou-kidebeli respublikebi (azerbaijani, saqarTvelo da somxeTi). Sedegad, 1991 wlis bolos-

Tvis, sabolood miatova prorusuli pozicia, da aqtiur fazaSi Seiyvana Tavisi urTierTo-

bebi kavkasiis qveynebTan.

TurqeTis, rogorc regionuli lideris mWidro ekonomikuri kavSiri samxreT kavkasiis qveynebTan (saqarTvelosa da azerbaijanTan) badebs perspeqtivas regionuli usafrTxoebi-

sa da stabilurobisTvis.

am TvalsazrisiT, ramdenime aspeqti unda ganvixiloT; mravalmxrivi energetikuli Ta-

namSromlobis perspeqtviebis da evrokavSirisaTvis alternatiuli resursebis wyaros di-versifikaciis saWiroeba zrdis SesaZleblobas axali regiunuli proeqtebis ganxorciele-

bis. am TvasazrisiT mTavari mizania Camoyalibdes pirdapiri, usafrTxo da stabiluri kav-

Sirebi am resursebis mwarmoebel aRmosavleTsa da momxmarebel dasavlur bazars Soris.

amasTanave, TurqeTi miznad isaxavs gaxdes regionuli centri azerbaijanuli, rusuli da erayis navTobis, iseve rogorc, azerbajanuli, rusuli, iranuli da Turqmenuli bunebrivi

airis transportirebisTvis, rasac SeuZlia farTo perspeqtiviT uzrunvelhyos evrokav-

Siris energo usafrTxoeba.

rogorc avRniSneT, kavkasiis regioni evrokavSirisTvis energo usafrTxoebisis erT-

erTi mTavari garantia, amdenad Tavad dasavleTis interesebSi eqceva regionuli stabilu-robis uzrunvelyofa. aseve mniSvnelovania imaze aqcentireba, rom mWidro ekonomikuri

urTierTobebis damyareba da am gziT urTierTdamokidebulebis miRweva dadebiTi Sedegis

momtani iqneba arsebuli daZabuli (TurqeT-somxeTis, somxeT-azerbaijanis) urTierTobe-

bis daregulirebis sakiTxSi. TurqeTis politikuri transformacia

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg, 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, TurqeTis ritorika kavka-

siasTan mimarTebaSi sakmaod ambiciuri iyo, miznad isaxavda ra wamyvan regionul Zalad

warmoCenas. saukunis miwuruls ruseTis gabatonebuli pozicia regionSi da TurqeTis uu-naroba daecva Tavisi ritorika cxadi gaxda. Sida politikuri daZabuloba, mTavrobaTa

mudmivi cvla da ekonomikuri stresi SeiZleba miviCnioT regionSi misi miznis realizebis

Semaferxebel faqtorebad.

TurqeTma, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saSiano da sagareo politikaSi erTdroulad ganicada transformacia. qveyanaSi daiwo demokratiis ganviTareba. samarTlianobis da ganviTarebis

partia (Justic and Development Party (AKP) movida Zalauflebis saTaveSi 2002 wels, rogorc

bevri Sida cvlilebebis ganmaxorcielebeli Zala. rac Seexeba sagareo politikas, sagareo

politikuri gamocdileba iyo Camouyalibebeli da urTierTobebi saxelmwifo struqtu-rebTan daZabuli. am periodSi aSkara gaxda TurqeTis saWiroeba xelaxla ganesazRvra Tavi-


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si adgili globalur rukaze da moexdina sagareo politikis „diversifikacia“ „maqsimalu-ri strategiuli dividendebis “ miRebiT .

TurqeTis sagareo politikaSi prioritetTa danawevrebam Semdegi xasiaTi miiRo : sta-

biluroba samezobloSi, „nulovani problemebi“ da mzardi ekonomikuri kavSirebi mezob-

lebTan (vaWroba da investiciebi), evraziasa da evropas Soris energo centrad yofna, glo-baluri religiuri/ civilizaciuri dayofis aRmofxvra gamaerTianebeli xidis rolis Ses-

rulebiT. TurqeTis „axali“ sagareo politika analitikosTa mier ganimarta, rogorc

TviTdajerebuli da mravalganzomilebiani. 1

~saerTaSoriso sistemaSi axali gardaqmnebisa da gravitaciis centris globalur eko-nomikaze gadanacvlebis” gaTvaliswineba TurqeTis sagareo politikis mTavari orientiri-

a. ZiriTadi logika mdgomareobs imaSi, rom „regionalizaciis modeli“ mzardi mniSvnelo-

bisaa. dasavleTTn mtkice kontaqtis SenarCuneba ki grZelvadiani prioritetia- TurqeTs

esaWiroeba misTvis yvela karis Ria mdgomareobaSi yofna Tavisi poziciebis da gavlenis gazrdis mizniT.

TurqeT-evrokavSiris urTierTobaTa mokle analizi

2002 wlis saparlamento da 2007 wlis saprezidento arCevnebis, da zomier islamistTa

xelSi Zlauflebis konsolidaciis Sedegad, TurqeT-evrokavSiris urTierTobebSi mniSvne-

lovani gardatexa moxda.2 TurqeTisa da evrokavSiris urTierTobebSi arsebul problemebze saubrisas ramdeni-

me aspeqts unda gaesvas xazi. pirvel rigSi, winaaRmdegobebi warmoiSveba vrokavSiris mier

sakuTari Tavis, rogorc nacionalizmis damTrgunvel Zalad aRqmasa da TurqeTis ideas

Zlieri da Turquli nacionalizmiT gajerebul politikas Soris harmoniis naklebobiT.

meore, evrokavSiris zewolis qveS, TurqeTis mxridan aris molodini, rom gaatarebs re-formebs saSinao politikaSi, ekonomikaSi, samxedro sferoSi, rac Sedegad asustebs Sida

kanonmdeblobas (internal legislation), gansakuTrebiT ki eTnikur umciresobebTan mi-

marTebaSi. mesame, TurqeTis musulmanuri identoba pan-evropuli RirebulebebisTvis saf-

rTxed aRiqmeba. mTlianobaSi ar arsebobs erTi azri an midgoma TurqeTis evrokavSirSi wevrobasTan

dakavSirebiT; Tumca vrokavSiri TurqeTs rogorc erT-erT mTavar aqtorad aRiqvams cen-

tralur aziasTan urTierTobebis sakiTxSi, ufro metic, evrokavSiri scnobs TurqeTis

strategiul rols farTo Savi zRvis regionSi, samxreT kavkasiaSi da TurqeTis mniSvnelo-bas navTobiTa da gaziT momaragebis sakiTxSi kaspiis regionidan da aris misaRebi partnio-

ri da konkurenti ruseTTan urTierTobebSi, es Tavis mxriv nebsiT Tu uneblied samxreT

kavkasias TurqeT-evrokavSiris urTierTobebis uSualo da mniSvnelovan strategiul Za-

lad aqcevs. erT-erTi sfero sadac TurqeTisa da evrokavSiris interesebis Tanxvedra maRali al-

baTobiT SeiZleba moxdes swored samxreT kavkasiis regionia. samxreT kavkasia istoriulad

iyo otomanebis imperiis asparezi, da 1923 wlidan TurqeTis respublikisTvis da Turquli

gavlenis areali. obieqturi da subieqturi mizezebiT, regioni amovarda misi strategiuli intersis sferodan sakmaod didi xniT. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis da aqedan gamomdinare

TurqeTis, rogorc nato-s sazRvrebis mcvelis funqciis dakargvis Semdeg, TurqeTma in-

1 Turkish Policy Quarterly, Winter 2007/8, www.turkishpolicy.com 2 EU-Turkey Associative Council, 10 May 2010, Brussels,

http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en//er/114363.pdf


11

tensiuri gaxada Tavisi qmedebebi samxreT kavkasiaSi da gazarda ambiciebi regionuli li-deris statusis mosapoveblad.

transnacionaluri organizebuli danaSaulebebi, rogoricaa terorizmi, trefikingi,

iaraRiTa da narkotikebiT ukanono vaWroba seriozul safrTxes warmoadgens. am Tvalsaz-

risiT gansakuTrebiT mowyvladia samxreT kavkasiis regioni, romelsac mniSvnelovani strategiuli mdebareoba aqvs. amasTanave aq arsebuli okupirebuli teritoriebi xelSem-

wyobi faqtoria aralegaluri saqmianobis ganxorcielebisaTvis,ramac SeiZleba ufro far-

To masStabis safrTxe Seqmnas. aq mimdinare movlenebma SesaZloa seriozuli gavlena iqoni-

os rogorc regionul, ise dasavleTis usafrTxoebaze. amdenad Tavis mxriv evropis inte-resebSic Sedis sakuTari usafrTxoebisTvis, zemod moyvanili faqtorebis Tavidan aride-

bis mizniT, xeli Seuwyos regionis konsolidacias da stabilurobas.

strategiuli samkuTxedi: TurqeTi- azerbaijani-saqarTvelo

TurqeTis urTierTobebi azerbaijanTan da saqarTvelosTan SedarebiT naTeli da ur-

TierTdakavSirebulia: TurqeTi am or qveyanas axalgazrda partniorad scnobs. mravali

energo da sakomunikacio proeqtebi akavSirebs saqarTvelosa da azerbaijans TurqeTTan, rac zrdis urTierTdamokidebulebas. samxreT kavkasiis am or qveyanasTan urTierTobebis

mSeneblobiT TurqeTi uzrunvelyofs Tavisi miznis miRwevas gaxdes kaspiuri energo re-

sursebis tranzitori evropis qveynebisTvis. 3 msgavsi komunikacia uzrunvelyofs Turqe-

TisTvis centralur aziis qveynebis xelimisawvdomobas da araenergo seqtorSi Turquli kapitalis zrdas saqarTvelosa da azerbaijanSi, da Tavisi produqtisa da momsaxurebis-

Tvis damatebiTi bazris Seqmnas.

somxur-Turquli da Turqul-somxuri urTierTobebi

TurqeTis yvelaze problematuri urTierTobebi samxreT kavkasiaSi somxTTan aqvs.

1980-iani wlebis bolomde es problema arsebobda somexi diasporis mier somxuri genoci-

dis saerTaSoriso aRiarebis moTxovnis fonze. ufro metic, somxeTis CarTulobam mTiani yarabaRis konfliqtSi pirdapiri gavlena moaxdian maT urTierTobebze. am konteqstSi, or-

mxrivi urTierTobebis daregulireba samxreT kavkasiaSi erT-erT-erTi mTavari gamowveva-

a.

TurqeTsa da somxeTs Soris urTierTobebSi garkveuli Zvrebi SeiniSneba, risi gaumjo-besebac regionul ganviTarebaSi Seitans pirdapir wvlils. 2009 wlis oqtomberSi xelmowe-

ril iqna protokoli am or qveyanas Soris, romelic pirvel ormxriv xelSekrulebas warmo-

adgens maTTvis. somxeTis TurqeTTan urTierTobebSi Cabmas dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxare-

ebi SeiZleba hqondes ekonomikur sferosTan mimarTebaSi:

• Ria sazRvrebi TurqeTTan iZleva kounikaciis gafarTovebul saSualebas

• samxeTSi da somxeTidan saqonlis transportirebisTvis gadasaxadebi Semcirdeba

• gaizrdeba evrokavSiris investiciebi somxeTSi

• adgilobrivi produqti SesaZloa ufro iafi Turquli saqoneliT Canacvldes (rac

spekulaciis sagania „Ria sazRvrebis“ mowinaaRmdegeebsa da mxardamWerebs Soris)

• somexi muSaxelis gadineba TurqeTSi, aseve somexi turistebis ricxvis zrda

3 Terry D. Adams, “Caspian Oil and Gas Development and the Black Sea Region: an Overview”, in Europe’s Black Sea

Dimension, (Brussels: CEPS, 2002), pp.47-52, 60-68


12

• ukanono gadazidvebis, vaWrobis zrda erTiani usafrTxoebis kompleqsi

bari buzani gamoyofs usafrTxoebis kompleqsis dabal da maRal doneebs. pirveli moi-

cavs iseT qveynebs, romelTa gavlenac saerTaSoriso movlenebze arcTu ise didia. xolo maRali usafrTxoebis kompleqsi gulisxmobs Zlier saxelmwifoebsac, romelTa interesebi

scdeba maT regions.4 am TvalsazrisiT Tu samxreT kavkasias erT usafrTxoebis kompleqsSi

movaqcevT, masTan mWidro kavSirSi unda ganvixiloT iseTi moTamaSeebi, rogorebicaa Tur-

qeTi, ruseTi, irani, evrokavSiri. ekonomikuri proeqtebi mniSvnelovani aspeqtia regionis integraciisaTvis, vinaidan

nebsiT Tu uneblied erT urTierTdamokidebul sivrceSi aqcevs masSi CarTul saxelmwifo-

ebs da ganapirobebs urTierTobebis gaRrmavebas sxva sferoebSi. amas kargad xsnis neo-fun-

qcionalizmi, romelic politikur-socialur integracias ganixilavs ekonomikuri integ-

raciis logikur Sedegadda erTgvarad~gadaRvris politikis“ (` spill over”) efeqts asru-lebs;5 amcirebs saxelmwifoTa Soris konfrontaciis albaTobas da dadebiT faqtorad

gvevlineba konfliqtebis mogvarebaSi.

ekonomikuri faqtoris garda socialur- teqnologiurma progressma axali aspeqtebi wasmoswia wina planze. kerZod, socialurma qselebma, mravalmxrivma informaciulma saSua-

lebebma sazogadoeba regionuli procesebis uSualo monawiled aqcia. isini mgrZobiareni

gaxada im politikuri gadawyvetilebebis mimarT, rac am qveynebs Soris urTierTobebs war-

marTavs. sazogadoebebs Soris intensiuri urTierTobebi erTiani socialuri sivrcis sa-fuZvels warmoadgens. es ki miuTiTebs, rom ara religiuri an sxva ganmasxvavebeli kultu-

ruli niSnebi, aramed ekonomikuri interesebi da individTa doneze gaRrmavebuli urTier-

Tobebi emsaxureba am qveynebis sagareo politikis formirebas, rac regionis qveynebis

mWidro ekonomikuri TanamSromlobas realurs xdis, miuxedavad bevri gansxvavebisa.

daskvna TurqeTi, rogorc mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri da politikuri Zala sagulisxmo rols

TamaSobs samxreT kavkasiis regionTan mimarTebaSi. amiT erTi mxriv imyarebs Tavis pozici-

ebs regionSi, meore mxriv ukavSirdeba evropas, rogorc energo resursebis satranzito

derefani. TurqeTma ukve miiRo dividendebi kaspiuri energo resursebis transportire-bisTvis da am procesebSi samxreT kavkasiis CarTvis gardauvalobiT iqmneba erTiani ekono-

mikur-politikuri jaWvi, romelic uzrunvelyofs regionis ekonomikur ganviTarebas,

stabilurobas da usafrTxoebis erTiani xedvis Camoyalibebas.

4 Barry Buzan, People, States, and Fear: an Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-Cold War Era 2nd ed.

(1991), p. 195. 5 M. Gehler, L. Kuhnhardt, R. Steininger, G. Bischof, Towards a European Constitution, A Historical and Political

Comparison with the United States, 2005, pp. 526-527.


13

gamoyenebuli literatura

1. Gehler M., L. Kuhnhardt, R. Steininger, G. Bischof, Towards a European Constitution, A Historical and Political Comparison with the United States, 2005.

2. Buzan Barry, People, States, and Fear: an Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-Cold War Era 2nd ed. (1991).

3. Adams Terry, “Caspian Oil and Gas Development and the Black Sea Region: an Overview”, in Europe’s Black Sea Dimension, (Brussels: CEPS, 2002).

4. Turkish Policy Quarterly, Winter 2007/8, www.turkishpolicy.com. 5. EU-Turkey Associative Council, 10 May 2010, Brussels, http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms –data/docs/pressdata/en//er/114363.pdf


14

maia jinWaraZe, ekaterine qarqusaSvili, naTia sordia ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universiteti, bakalavriati

konfliqti, rogorc ganwyobilebis SeuTavsebloba

xelmZRvaneli profesori: vaxtang nadareiSvili

„me minda xmamaRla vusmino System of a down-is „on my mind“-s avtobusiT mgzavrobisas“-

„Cven simSvide da sazogadoebrivi wesrigi gvinda“. „me minda movWra xe, manqanis parkirebaSi xels rom miSlis“ -„Cven sufTa haeri da glo-

baluri daTbobis Tavidan acileba gvinda“...

„me minda manqanis marTvisas ar Sevikra Rvedi“ —“Cven adamianebis usafrTxoebis uz-

runvelyofa gvinda“ urTierTobis forma, romelsac miznebis, moTxovnebis, interesebisa da damokidebule-

bebis SeuTavsebloba, winaaRmdegoba axasiaTebs konfliqtia (conflictus) da laTinuri-

dan sityvasityviT iTargmneba rogorc Sejaxeba.

yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi konfliqti ixmareba negatiuri mniSvnelobiT, asocirdeba ag-resiasTan, davasTan, muqarasTan, mtrobasTan. arsebobs mosazreba, rom konfliqti urTi-

erTobis arasasurveli formaa da mizanSewonilia misgan Tavis dacva da Tu mainc warmoiSva

— dauyovnebliv gadaWra. Tanamedrove fsiqologia konfliqtis aramxolod negatiur, ara-

med pozitiur aspeqtzec amaxvilebs yuradRebas, miuTiTebs ra konfliqtur situaciebSi

pozitiuri momentebis gamoyofaze, rac dakavSirebulia progresTan, realobis subieqtur gaazrebasTan da ganviTarebasTan. j. fon neimani da o. morgenStaini konfliqts gansazR-

vraven, rogorc ori obieqtis urTierTqmedebas, romelTac aqvT SeuTavsebeli miznebi da

am miznebis miRwevis saSualebebi. aseT obieqtebad SeiZleba ganvixiloT adamianebi, calke-

uli jgufebi, socialuri institutebi da sxv. k. levinis mixedviT konfliqti situaciaa, romelSic individze erTdroulad moqme-

debs toli sididis, urTierTsapirispiro Zalebi. situaciur ZalebTan erTad, konfliqtis

gagebaSi, warmarTvasa da gadaWraSi aqtiur rols TviTon pirovneba TamaSobs.

m. roberis da f.tilmanis ganmartebaSi aqcenti konfliqtis pozitiur gagebaze keTde-ba. is ganixileba, rogorc ukve arsebuli, miRweuli ganviTarebis dezorganizacia da amas-

Tan axali struqturebis generatori.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom pirovnebis ganviTareba ukve arsebul da potenciur SesaZleblo-

bebs Soris dapirispirebis konstruqciulad gadawyvetis Sedegia da potenciuris realu-rad gardaqmnas, arsebulis ngrevas da ganviTarebis axal safexurze asvlas uzrunvelyofs.

sxvadasxva Teoriis warmomadgenlebi konfliqtis gamomwvev sxvadasxva mizezebs asaxe-

leben, Tumca struqturuli elementi, nebismieri mizeziT gansazRvrul konfliqts saer-

To aqvs. rogorc wesi, igulisxmeba dapirispirebuli mxareebis arseboba, romlebic icaven an mxars uWeren sxvadasxva pozicias; konfliqtis sagani anu is, ris gamoc xdeba dapirispi-

reba; konfliqturi situaciis xati — rac warmoadgens mxareebis mier konfliqtis subieq-

tur asaxvas; konfliqtis motivebi — igulisxmeba Sinagani faqtorebi, romlebic urTier-

TobebSi CarTul individebs ubiZgebs dapirispirebisken; konfliqtSi monawile mxareebis

pozicia — anu is, rasac konfliqtis ganviTarebis nebismier fazaze ucxadeben erTmaneTs monawileebi.


15

dayofis safuZvlis mixedviT, konfliqtis saxeebis ramdenime klasifikacia arsebobs. Tu safuZvlad konfliqtis gavrcelebis sferos aviRebT, unda gamovyoT ekonomikuri, ide-

ologiuri, socialuri da ojaxuri konfliqti.

Tu dajgufebisas konfliqtis xangrZlivobisa da intensivobis xarisxs daveyrdnobiT,

gamoiyofa intensiuri, swrafad mimdinare konfliqti, romelic aRmocendeba erTmaneTis mimarT mtrulad ganwyobili mxareebis individualur-fsiqologiuri Taviseburebebis sa-

fuZvelze; mwvave, xangrZlivi konfliqti aRmocendeba siRrmiseuli urTierTdapirispire-

bis safuZvelze; sustad gamoxatuli, mdored mimdinare konfliqti, sadac erT-erTi mxare

pasiuria, konfliqti aSkarad araa mwvave; sustad gamoxatuli, swrafad mimdinare konfliq-ti, romelic zedapiruli mizezebis fonze aRmocendeba da situaciuri xasiaTisaa.

Sedegis safuZvelze ganxorcielebul klasifikaciaSi gamoiyofa konstruqciuli (Se-

moqmedebiTi, pozitiuri) da destruqciuli (damangreveli, negatiuri) konfliqtebi. pir-

vels moaqvs dadebiTi Sedegi. meores ki - uaryofiTi. pirvelisgan Tavis daRweva araa saWi-ro, xolo meorisgan — aucilebelia.

konfliqti SeiZleba iyos dafaruli da aSkara, intensiuri da miviwyebuli, mcirexniani

da gaxangrZlivebuli, vertikaluri da horizontaluri.

mimarTulebis mixedviT, gamoiyofa horizontaluri, vertikaluri da „Sereuli“ kon-fliqtebi. horizontalurs miekuTvneba iseTi konfliqtebi, romlebSic CarTuli pirebi

urTierTdaqvemdebarebulni ar arian. vertikalur konfliqtebSi monawileoben pirebi,

romelTagan erT-erTi eqvemdebareba meores. Sereul konfliqtebSi warmodgenilia ro-

gorc horizontaluri, ise vertikaluri konfliqtis specifika.

Tu kriteriumad konfliqturi urTierTdamokidebulebis subieqtebs aviRebT, gamoi-yofa Sidapirovnuli, pirovnebaTSorisi, pirovnebasa da jgufs Soris da jgufTaSorisi

konfliqtebi.

dimitri uznaZis ganwyobis zogadfsiqologiur Teorias Tu daveyrdnobiT, konfliq-

tis gamomwvev mizezad ganwyobaTa SeuTavsebloba gvevlineba. ganwyoba aracnobieri fsiqi-kuri warmonaqmnia, romelic Tavis TavSi, mizanSewonili qcevisTvis saWiro faqtorebs asa-

xavs. individs yoveli qcevis win eqmneba garkveuli mimarTulebiT qcevis ganwyoba — am qce-

visTvis fsiqo-fizikuri mzaoba, romelSic asaxulia is moTxovnileba, romlis dakmayofi-

lebisTvisac warmoebs qceva da is garemo, romelSic unda Sesruldes qceva. garemoSi aqtu-alurad an SesaZleblobis saxiT mocemuli, moTxovnilebis damakmayofilebeli obieqti, in-

dividSi garkveuli mimarTulebis cvlilebebs iwvevs da sanam moqmedebas daiwyebdes, Tavi-

si moTxovnilebis da situaciis Sesatyvis modifikacias ganicdis. fenomenologiurad es

modifikacia mocemulia rogorc winaswari midrekileba, rogorc garkveuli moqmedebis tendencia, molodini, mzaoba aqtivobisTvis (rogorc asaxviTi, ise reagirebiTi).

konkretul SemTxvevebSi Camoyalibebuli pirveladi, situaciuri ganwyobebis garda,

arsebobs qcevaSi gamovlenis da ganmtkicebis Sedegad fiqsirebuli, dispoziciuri ganwyo-

bebic. diferenciul-fsiqologiuri TvalsazrisiT, adamianebi gansxvavdebian fiqsirebul-dispoziciur ganwyobaTa sistemebiT, maTi unikaluri kombinacia pirovnebis specifikas

qmnis. dispoziciuri ganwyobebi mudmivad aqtiur mdgomareobaSi arian da iseve rogorc zo-

gadad, nebismieri ganwyoba, sinamdvilis subieqtur asaxvas gansazRvraven. mkvlevrebi miu-

TiTeben, rom adamianebis mier realoba, maT Soris — konfliqturi situaciac — aqtualuri

ganwyobis Sesabamisad aRiqmeba, e. i. konfliqtis subieqturi xatebis safuZvels warmoad-gens da mniSvnelovania misi mimdinareobis Taviseburebebis Seswavlis sakiTxSi.

jgufsa da pirovnebas Soris arsebul konfliqtebs Tu ganvixilavT, aRsaniSnavia, rom

garemosTan urTierTobis procesi, erTi mxriv, pirovnebis dispoziciuri ganwyobebis da


16

meore mxriv, sazogadoebis — normaSi asaxul ganwyobaTa interaqcias gulisxmobs. normebi adamianebis mier iqmneba, am urTierTobaTa regulirebis mizniT. norma moicavs Rirebule-

bas da mis Sesabamis aqtivobis models. normis Semqmnelebs aqvT molodini, rom im erTobis

warmomadgenlebi, romelTac gaiziares norma, daicaven kidec mas, rac cxovrebas progno-

zirebads gaxdis. Tavis mxriv normis Semsruleblebsac aqvT molodini, rom normatiuli aq-tivobis Sedegi maTTvis sasurveli iqneba. normaze dayrdnobiT individs SeuZlia, erTi

mxriv, jgufis wevrebis qcevis winaswarmetyveleba, meore mxriv ki sakuTari qcevis ageba.

socializaciis procesSi, sazogadoebis mier SemoTavazebuli normebis gaSinagneba xdeba.

normaSi CarTuli Rirebulebis dacvis moTxovnileba, Sesabamis situaciasTan kombinacii-sas qmnis ganwyobas, romlis realizebac, idealur SemTxvevaSi, normaSive miTiTebuli aqti-

vobis modelis saxiT xdeba. ganxorcielebul qcevaze dadebiTi reaqcia, ganwyobis ganmtki-

cebas iwvevs da gaSinagnebuli normebi ganwyobebis saxiT agrZeleben arsebobas. Tu parki-

rebasTan dakavSirebul magaliTs ganvixilavT, normatiuli ganwyoba uzrunvelyofs, rom „mec minda sufTa haeri da globaluri daTbobis Tavidan acileba da azradac ar momdis xis

moWra“.

norma SeiZleba iyos formaluri da araformaluri. formaluri normebis dacva kano-

nis doneze arsebuli sanqciebiT regulirdeba. araformaluri normebis darRvevaze sapa-suxod arsebuli sanqcia socialuri urTierTobebis farglebSi vlindeba. sanqcia, rogorc

normis Sesrulebis uzrunvelmyofi meqanizmi, normaSi arsebuli Rirebulebisa da aqtivo-

bis modelis dacvis moTxovnilebis Seqmnas uzrunvelyofs. xSir SemTxvevaSi SesaZloa ar

viziarebT normaSi arsebul Rirebulebebs, magram sanqciis Tavidan acilebis moTxovnile-

ba, gviqmnis normis Sesrulebis ganwyobas, rac normatiul aqtivobas edeba safuZvlad. gan-xorcielebuli qcevis SedegiT (Tavidan acilebuli sanqcia) ganmtkicebuli ganwyoba kanon-

morCil adamianebad gvayalibebs. es mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca sanqcias arsebiTi mniSvne-

loba aqvs pirovnebisTvis. Tu me ar mawuxebs, ras ityvian Cemze System of a down-is mosme-

niT Sewuxebuli mgzavrebi, arc meqneba sazogadoebrivi wesrigis dacvis ganwyoba. Tu Cem-Tvis umniSvneloa gadasaxdeli jarima, arc Rveds Sevikrav manqaniT mgzavrobisas. imisaT-

vis rom sanqciam normis Sesruleba uzrunvelyos, misi SemuSaveba ukve arsebuli, dispozi-

ciuri ganwyobebis safuZvelze unda moxdes.

idealur SemTxvevaSi, adamianTa erTobis mier normis Seqmna TiToeuli wevris azris gaTvaliswinebas gulisxmobs. realurad ase ver xdeba. sazogadoebis wevrTa ganwyobebis

normasTan Tanxvedris xarisxi gansxvavebulia. Tumca, adamianebi daTmobaze midian da Tavi-

anTi moTxovnilebebis nawilze uaris TqmiT, normebs icaven, amis sapasuxod ki Tanazomad

daTmobebsa da sargebels moelian. molodinis gacrueba da Sesabamisad Camoyalibebuli da-Zabulobis, frustraciis mdgomareoba konfliqtis gamomwvevi xdeba, ramac SesaZloa ur-

TierTobaTa rRveva an ganviTarebis axal safexurze asvla gamoiwvios.

rogorc aRvniSneT, adamianebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli ganwyobaTa sistemebiT

xasiaTdebian. Tu cal-calke an umoqmedo mdgomareobaSi isini xels arafers uSlis, urTi-erTobis procesSi araTavsebadi ganwyobebis realizacia problemuri xdeba - maT safuZ-

velze qcevis ganxorcieleba qmnis daZabulobas, rac konfliqtis winapirobaa. sxva sityve-

biT, SeuTavsebeli ganwyobebi erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad arseboba raime sirTulesTan

araa dakavSirebuli. erTmaneTTan SexebaSi mosvlisas ki, roca konkretuli aqtivoba unda

aRZran, konfliqts warmoSoben. roca aracnobieri regulirebis resursi araa sakmarisi ganwobebis TavsebadobaSi mo-

sayvanad, pirovneba ganwyobis komponentebs cnobieri dakvirvebis, Seswavlis, ganxilvis

obieqtad aqcevs (obieqtivacia), rac problemis aRmoCenasa da Sesabamisi informaciis miRe-


17

bas, axali, srulyofili ganwyobebis Seqmnas edeba safuZvlad. pirovnebis da sazogadoebis ganwyobaTa TavsebadobaSi mosayvanad nebelobiTi aqtivoba xdeba saWiro. nebeloba axali,

adeqvaturi ganwyobebis Seqmnas uzrunvelyofs, rac ganviTarebis maCvenebelia. Tu me

System of a down-is xmamaRla mosmenas miSlian, rac ganwyobis realizebas aferxebs, fokusire-bas vaxden problemur situaciaze da azrovnebisa da nebelobis gamoyenebiT viqmni axal

ganwyobas, romelic yursasmenebis gamogonebis qcevaSi realizdeba.

ganwyobebis Camoyalibebis, moqmedebisa da Secvlis kanonzomierebebis mxedvelobaSi

miRebiT SesaZlebelia aranormatiuli aqtivobis ganwyobebis formirebis prevencia da/an araTavsebadi ganwyobebis TavsebadobaSi moyvana da/an maTi erTdrouli aqtualizaciis Ta-

vidan acileba. nebelobis meSveobiT sazogadoebrivi ganwyobebis gamoyenebiT Tu sociali-

zaciis procesSi mza ganwyobebis gaSinagnebiT, pirovneba iTvaliswinebs socialuri gare-

mos moTxovnebs, rac aucilebeli pirobaa pirovnebis socialur Rirebulebebze dafuZne-

buli normatiuli aqtivobisaTvis, zogadad, socialuri adaptaciisaTvis.

gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. qajaia2011. n.qajaia „konfliqtis fsiqologia“ Tbilisi 2011

2. uznaZe2004. d.uznaZe „ganwyobis fsiqologia“. saqarTvelos macne 2004 3. nadiraSvili 1985. S.nadiraSvili „ganwyobis fsiqologia“ Tbilisi 1985.

4. Шели2003 .Д.Ж.Шели „Криминология“ Москва 2003

5. Д.Майерс “Социальная психология” Москва 7-е издание

6. korZaZe z. sasjelis motivaciuri zemoqmedeba//almanaxi№8-[sisxlis samarTali]-

axalgazrda iurisTTa asociacia,-1998

7. konfliqti, genderi da mSvidobis mSenebloba pirveli gamocema / feride zurikaSvili, guguli maRraZe, nani WaniSvili da sxv. ; gaeros ganviTarebis fondi qalTaTvis - 1-li

gamoc. - Tb., 2002 - 202gv. ; 29sm. -rez. rus. da ingl. en. - ISBN 99928-0-425-4 : [f.a.] [: 17411].

8. socialur da politikur terminTa leqsikonidcnobari / [sared.: jgufi: eduard kodua

da sxv.; gamomc.: laSa beraia] - Tb.: logos presi, 2004 - 351gv.; 20sm. - (socialur mecn.

seria/red.: marine CitaSvili). - ISBN 99928-926-9-2 : [f.a.]


18

daviT ZiZiSvili ilias saxelmwifo universiteti, magistratura

mediis roli fsiqologiur da sainformacio operaciebSi

(2008w agvistos ruseT-saqarTvelos omis magaliTze)

xelmZRvaneli profesori: oleg panfilovi

„omi - es aris politikis gagrZeleba, sxva saSualebebiT“ ambobda cnobili germaneli generali karl fon klauzevici. Tanamedrove msoflioSi bolo 2 saukunis ganmavlobaSi

mimdinare politikuri procesebi ki Tamamad SeiZleba Sefasdes, brZolad msoflios

konkretul nawilze gavlenis mopovebisaTvis. gavlenis mosapoveblad saWiroa sociumis

(saxelmwifos) imgvari Secvla, rom igi Tanaxma iyos miiRos TmaSis is wesebi, romelsac

meore moTamaSe karnaxobs, es ki „mowinaaRmdegeze“ aqtiuri zemoqmedebis Sedegad miiRweva. fsiqologiuri da sainformacio operaciebi, es aris samxedro moqmedebebis erT-erTi

uZvelesi mimarTuleba, romlis mizania, cnobierebaze zemoqmedebis saSualebiT miRweul

iqnas konkretuli samxedro-politikuri mizani. jer kidev Cv. w. a. IV saukuneSi gamoCenilma

filosofosma da samxedo moRvawem, sun Zim, Tavis traqtatSi „omis xelovneba“ aRniSna, rom „mxedarTmTavris xelovneba mdgomareobs samxedro Zalebis gamoyenebis gareSe gamarjvebis

mopovebaSi“. am traqtatSi kargad aris aRwerili uZvelesi S-is ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi.

fsiqologiuri omi aerTianebs im RonisZiebebs, romelTa daxmarebiTc xdeba iseTi

informaciis gadacema, romelic zemoqmedebs mowinaaRmdegis cnobierebaze da iwvevs misi qcevis Secvlas.

roca saqme gvaqvs informaciis gadcemasTan, dameTanxmebiT am sferoSi media udavod

ukonkurentoa. albaT swored amitom, masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis, zemoqmedebis

iaraRad, gamoyenebas sxva da sxva sferoSi, didi xnis istoria aqvs. magaliTad SegviZlia moviyvanoT reklama, romlis gavrcelebac swored masobrivi informaciis saSualebebiT

xdeba, xolo misi miznebi samrewvelo moTxovnilebebidan gamomdinareobs.

reklamis mTavari mizania, aiZulos momxarebeli SeiZinos konkretuli kompaniis

produqcia, rac cnobierebaze intensiuri zemoqmedebiT miiRweva.

Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom adamianis cnobieri da qvecnobieri ukanaskneli 2 saukunis manZilze aqtiuri Setevis qveS imyofeba sxva da sxa sferos warmomadgenlbis

mxridan, raTa am ukanasknelTa mier dasaxuli miznebi iqnas miRweuli. aqve kidev erTxel

unda davazustoT, rom fsiqologiri zemoqmedebis operaciebi, uZvelesi droidan iRbs

saTaves, Tumca teqnologiurma revoluciam swored ukanaskneli 2 saukune aqcia am sferos profesionalTa zeobis xanad. maT ki S-is ganviTareba arsebiTad axal safexurze

gadaiyvanes. mediam ki am safexurze erT-erTi ZiriTadi niSa Seavso.

fsiqologiuri operaciebis specialistebi, gamoyofen zemoqmedebis ramdenime

ZiriTad xerxs. esenia: fsiqologiur — sainformacio zemoqmedeba — rac gulisxomobs zemoqmedeba infor-

maciuli matareblebiT da zogadad informaciiT. xSirad am tipis zemoqmedebas infor-

maciul propagandistuladac moixsenieben.

fsiqogenuri zemoqmedeba — igi ZiriTadad warmoadgens kvlevebs, romelTa mizania, moxdes sakuTari piradi Semadgenlobis dacva fsiqogenuri zemoqmedebisagan, (fsiqogeuri

danakargebisagan), rogoricaa — nervul-fsiqologiuri moSliloba, stresi da a.S.


19

fsiqoanalitikuri (fsiqokoreqciuli) zemoqmedeba — romelic mimarTulia adamianis qvecnobierze Terapiuli zemoqmedebisaken, hipnozisa da Rrma Zilis staiaSia. am

tipis zemoqmedebis srulyofisaTvis aqtiuri muSaoba mimdinareobda nacistur germaniasa

da sabWoTa kavSirSi.

neirolingvisturi zemoqmedeba () — romelic mowodebulia, adamianis cnobierebaSi konkretuli lingvisturi nawilebis Canergvisaken, riTic axorcielebs adamian(eb)is

qcevis sasurveli mimarTulebiT cvlas.

fsiqotronuli zemoqmedeba — es aris zemoqmedeba aragacnobierebuli gzebiT.

(hologramebi, parafsiqologia 25-e kadris efeqti da a.S.) fsiqotropuli zemoqmedeba — zemoqmedeba xorcieldeba medikamentozuri Carevis

Sedegad.

S-i iseve rogorc nebismieri sxva samxedro operacia sami donis mixedviT iyofa, esenia

strategiuli, operatiuli da taqnikuri. zemoqmedebis wyaroebis mixedviT ganasxvaveben sami tipis fsiqologiur operaciebs - TeTrs, nacrisfers da Savs.

yovelive zemoTaRniSnuli warmoadgens sabrZolo moqmedebebSi CarTuli

qvedanayofebis mxardamWer elements, romlis mizanic rogorc ukve vTqviT amocanis ise

miRwevaa, rom sakuTari Zalis aqtiuri gamoyeneba ar gaxdes saWiro. samwuxarod, SeiaraRbuli konfliqtebi Cveni uaxlesi istoriis ganuyofeli nawilia,

Cveni ZiriTadi mowinaaRmdege ki bolo 2 saukunea ucvleli rCeba. jer iyo mas mefis ruseTi

warmoadgenda, Semdeg igi sabWoTa ruseTad gadaiqca dRes ki Tanamedrove ruseTi uqmnis

safrTxes saqarTvelos suverenitetsa da teritoriul mTlianobas. bunebrivia, rom

qveyana romelic bolo 60 wlis manZilze erT-erTi mewinave iyo, fsiqologiuri operaciebis mimarTulebiT, Tanamedrove, strategiuli miznebidan gamomdinare dResac

aqtiurad iyenebs mas konkretuli samizne auditoriis winaaRmdeg. eseigi saqarTvelos

winaaRdegac.

Cemi moxseneba, warmoadgens 2008 wlis agvistos ruseT-saqarTvelos omis mimdinareobisas warmoebuli fsiqologiuri operaciis fsiq - sainformacio zemoqmedebis

operaciebis zogierTi aspeqtis kvlevis Sedegs, kerZod, mediis rolisa aRniSnul

operaciaSi. imisa, Tu ra miznebs emsaxureboda masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis

moqmedebebi da moxerxda Tu ara am miznebis miRweva. sakvlevi periodi moicavs, rogorc aqtiuri sabrZolo moqmedebebis, aseve pre da post-

omiseul periods, radgan fsiqologiuri omi, maxasiaTeblebidan gamomdinare, efeqturia

rogorc sabrZolo aseve arasabrZolo viTrebaSi.

ZiriTadi danayofebi romelsac ruseTi mxardaWeris operaciebisas iyenebs dakompleqtebulia fsiqologiuri da sainformacio omis warmoebis specialistebiT, xolo

sturuqturaSi Semavali erTeulebidan aRsaniSnavia teqnikuri dazvervis danayofi da

sainformacio usafrTxoebis danayofi, aseve araletaluri iaraRis gamoyenebs

precedentebi, roca radio-eleqtronuli brZolis qvedanayofebi specialur teqnikuri saSualebebis meSveobiT axerxeben dasaxuli amocanis Sesrulebas. ra Tqma unda ruseTis

samxedro politikuri xelmZRvaneloba, erT-erT yvelaze mZlavr iaraRad mas-medias

ganixilavs da sakmao berketebsac flobs sazogadoebrivi azris manipulirebisaTvis.

rac Seexeba saqarTvelos, misi SeiaraRebuli Zalebis struqturaSi, 2008 wels

fsiqologiuri operaciebis qvedanayofi ar arsebobda. Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom masobrivi informaciis saSalebebis gamoyeneba,

operatiul da taqtikur doneze TiTqmis ar dafiqsirebula, Tu ar CavTvliT saqarTvelos

mxridan, sakuTari mosaxlobis mimarT gamoyenebul ramdenime elements, rogoric iyo


20

saomari viTarebisas mxolod pozitiuri informaciis gavrcelebis tendencia, rac mogvianebiT mkveTrad Seicvala. aseve sakvlev periodSi dafiqsirebul iqna, konkretuli

satelevizio siuJetebi, romlebic omis wina periodSi iqna gasuli eTerSi da romelic

aSkarad amzadebda sazogadoebas mosalodneli sabrZolo moqmedebebisaTvis.

ruseTis mxridan operatiul-taqnikur doneze muSaobis magaliTad Segvizlia moviyvanoT cxinvalis mosaxleobaze ganxorcielebuli qmedebebi, romelT mizans

warmoadgenda qarTvelebis rogorc agresorebis xatis Seqmna, aseve qalaq cxinvalis

mosaxleobis evakuaciis sainformaci uzrunveylofa, risTvisac aqtiurad gamoiyeneboda

qalaqSi moqmedi masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi, aseve TviTaRiarebuli mTvrobis beWdvisa da masobrivi komunikaciebis saministros resursebi.

mowinaaRmdegis ZiriTadi moqmedebebi mimarTuli iyo strategiul doneze, romlis

mizansac warmoadgenda msoflioSi arsebuli sazogadoebrivi azris formireba misTvis

sasurveli mimarTlebiT. ruseTis samxedro-politikuri xelmZRvaneloba acnobierebda ra imas, rom sxva da sxva donis saerTaSoriso uwyebebSi, arsebobda saSualebebi obieqturi

informaciis misaRebad, samizne obieqtad airCia mosaxleobis is fenebi, romelTa

informaciuli uzrunvelyofa swored mis-is saSualebiT xdeboda da aqtiurad aamuSava mis

xelT arsebuli yvela resursi, raTa rac SeiZleba metd momxariyo saqarTvelos rogorc agresori qveynis statusis tiraJireba.

qarTulma mxarem ruseTis agresiul qmedebebs mxardamWri qveynebis daxmarebiT

upasuxa da sabrZolo moqmedebebis mimdinareobisas ruseTis zemoTaRniSnuli miznebi

miRweuli ar iqna, piriqiT saerTaSoriso mxardaWriT swrafad iqna organizebli

kontrzomebi, romelTa mTvar mizansac ruseTis diskreditacia warmoadgenda, rogorc Tavad rusi eqspertebi amboben, mZlavri sainformacio Widilis pirobebSi ruseTs mouxda

poziciebis daTmoba da strategiul doneze operaciis miznebi miuRweveli darCa.

miuxedavad amisa, ruseTs am miznebis miRwevaze uari ar uTqvams da igi dResac agrZelebs

kontrolirebadi arxebis saSualebiT omis Sesaxeb misTvis momgebiani informaciis gavrcelebas.

rusuli mxare aqtiurad muSaobda internetsivrceSi, romelic dRs dRobiT mediis

muSaobis kidev erTi mimarTulebaa. rusma specialistebma, omis dawyebidan ramdenime

saaTSi moaxerxes yvela oficialuri saitis „gatexva“ da maTi rogorc informaciis gavrcelebis wyaros dablokva. amas moyva Tavdasxmebi qarTuli eleqtronuli sivrcis im

veb-resursebze, romlbic informacias inglisuradac avrcelebdnen. es da sxva am tipis

moqmedebebi romlbic omis pre mimdinare da post periodebSi dafiqsirda mimartuli iyo

ZiriTdi strategiuli mimarTulebis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad, anu imisaken rom ucxoeTis moqalaqeebs ar hqonodaT saSualeba informacia qarTuli mxarisaganac mieRoT.

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 2008 wlis movlenebisas, rogorc ruseTis aseve

saqarTvelos mier warmobuli fsiqologiuri operaciis fsiqo-sainformacio komponentis

mTavar mizans warmoadgenda saerTSoriso mxardaWris mopoveba, risTvisac orive mxare masobrivi informaciis saSualebebs iyenebda. yvelaze popularuli am mimarTulebiT

televiziis gamoyeneba iyo, radgan vizualuri zemoqmedebis efeqti, gacilebiT ufro

operatiuli da efeqturia, rasac rogorc erTi aseve meore mxaris specialistebi kargad

acnobierebdnen.

Sedegobrivi TvalsazrisiT, pre-periodSi arsebiT warmatebas vercerma Zalam ver miaRwia, radgan informacio mosalodneli samxedro eskalaciis Sesaxeb, dasavlel

mayurebelze naklebad axdenda gavlenas, rac gvafiqrebinebs imas, rom aRniSnul periodSi


21

operacia ar iyo kargad dagegmili da wina periodis samuSaoebi, iseTi rogoricaa samizne auditoriis Seswavla, an ar an cudad iyo Catarebuli.

uSualod sabrZolo moqmedebebisas, ruseTma 9 agvistos dilisaTvis moaxerxa

upiratesobis mopoveba, Tumca ukve 10 agvistos saRmodan, mas Semdeg rac gavrcelebul

iqna goris dabombvis kadrebi es upiratesoba daikarga da qarTulma mxarem, mokavSireebis daxmarebiT kontrSetevae daiwyo gadasvla.

postomiseul periodSi rusulma propaganistulma manqanam didi Tnxebi daxarja omis

axali scenaris dasamkvidreblad, Tumca es arc Tu ise ioli aRmoCnda da Tu reitingebs

daveyrdnobiT saqarTvelo fsiqologiuri operaciebis fsiqo-sainformacio komponentSi dResac inarCunebs liderobas.

damowmebuli literatura: 1) edvard lutvoki „strategia omisa da mSvidobis logika“. 2007. bkur sulakauris

gamomcemloba;

2) sun-Zi „omis xelovneba“. 2007. bakur sulakauris gamomcemloba;

3) d.d. JочÄпцоÁ „JсихолоÂичÄскиÄ Áойны“. nоскÁh, 2008Â. 4) g.d. lрысько „sÄкрÄти JсихолоÂичÄской Áоbны“. nинск, 1999Â. 5) HEADQUATERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY „Psychological Operations Tactics, Techniques, and

Procedures“ Washington,DC, 2003


22

elene beqauri, nino nikolaiSvili saswavlo universiteti: saqarTvelos erovnuli universiteti

qarTul-osuri urTirTobebis asaxva mediaSi

xelmZRvaneli profesori: nino mindiaSvili

1921 wlis Teberval-martSi saqarTvelo damoukidebel sabWoTa socialistur respub-

likad gamocxadda, romelic rogorc iuridiuli statusis mqone qveyana, saerTaSoriso as-

parezze ruseTis centraluri komitetis kontrolis meSveobiT gadioda. 1921 wlis 6-8 seq-

tembers, e.w. ~samxreT oseTis~ revoluciuri komitetisa da partiuli komitetis gaerTia-nebuli sxdoma gaimarTa, romelmac ~samxreT oseTis~ TviTgamorkvevisa da politikuri

mowyobis sakiTxi ganixila. sxdomam daadgina saqarTvelos teritoriaze e.w. ~samxreT ose-

Tis~ socialisturi sabWoTa respublika Seqmniliyo, romlis centri cxinvali iqneboda. sa-

qarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisarma, sakiTxis siRrmiseuli Seswavlis Semdeg, Se-uZleblad miiCnia ara Tu e. w. ~samxreT oseTis~ respublikis, an avtonomiuri respublikis,

aramed avtonomiuri olqis Seqmnac ki, radgan ~samxreT oseTi~, rogorc mTliani geografi-

uli erTeuli ar arsebobda, miuxedavad amisa, oficialurad iqna aRiarebuli da dadastu-

rebuli saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialisturi respublikis SemadgenlobaSi e.w. ~samxreT oseTis~ avtonomiuri erTeulis Seqmna. am movlenebis Semdeg osebs miecaT ganviTarebis yo-

velgvari saSualeba, qarTvelebi da osebi erTad, megobrulad cxovrobdnen saqarTvelos

teritoriaze, me-20 saukunis dasasruls ki es megobroba mtrobaSi gadaizarda da saqarTve-

lom dakarga Tavisi erT-erTi mniSvnelovani regioni, romlis dabrunebasac TiTqmis ori aTeuli welia uSedegod vcdilobT.

1989 wlis 23 noembers ganviTarebuli movlenebi qarTvelebisa da osebis realuri da-

pirispirebis gamoxatulebaa. xsenebul dRes Tbilisidan cxinvalisken avtomanqanebis

uzarmazari kolona daiZra. 10 000-ze meti demonstranti mitingis Casatareblad erTdrou-

lad gaemarTa. es aqcia pasuxi unda yofiliyo im politikosebisadmi, romlebic ~samxreT oseTis” saqarTvelodan gamoyofas da ruseTis SemadgenlobaSi Sesvlas iTxovdnen. msvle-

lobis organizatorebi saqarTvelos erovnul ganmanTavisuflebeli moZraobis liderebi

iyvnen. momitingeebs gza cxinvalis SesasvlelSi sabWoTa kavSiris Sinaganma jarma gadauke-

ta. es dRe qarTul-osuri dapirispirebis aTvlis wertilad iqca. miuxedavad rTuli foni-sa, orma erma scada movlenebSi garkveva, maT moaxerxes vnebebis Cacxroba da erToblivi

deklaraciac SeimuSaves, romelic iTvaliswinebda yvela sakonfliqto situaciis mogvare-

bas, Tumca ~keTilismyofelebma” am SemTxvevaSic ar daayovnes da cecxlze navTi daasxes,

mere ki marTlac rTuli gaxda simarTlisa da sicruis gamijvna. WeSmaritebis dadgenas me-diis tendenciurobac uSlida xels. rusul-osuri oficialuri presa SeiaraRebul dapi-

rispirebis pirobebSi Segnebulad eweoda anti-qarTul propagandas, movlenaTa ganviTare-

bas subieqturad udgeboda da calmxrivad aSuqebda. 1990-1993 wlebSi osuri presaSi gamoi-

xateboda aSkara agresia, isini ar eridebodnen iseTi statiebis gamoqveynebas, romlebic si-Zulvisa da mtrobas aRZravda Cveni eris mimarT. Tumca, qarTuli mediac mikerZoebuli sta-

tiebiTa da gulgrilobiT imave politikas atarebda. 2000 wlidan vnebebi umniSvnelod, mag-

ram mainc Cacxra, mtrobaSi gadazrdilma megobrobam galRoba daiwyo, satatiebSi Cndeba

Tbili sityvebiT warsulis gaxseneba da momavlis uekeTesobisaken Secvlis survili: “ bed-

niereba warsuls Cabarda rodesac kavSiri 1991 wlidan gawyda, “qveyana daiqca” radgan er-


23

Tad gazrdilma qarTvelma da osma xeli erTmaneTis sisxlSi gaisvara, cxovreba tkivilad iqca, erTmaneTisken saval gzaze imxela ufskruli gaCnda, rom axloblebis dasatireblad

ver CavdiodiT saqarTveloSi. 35 welia axalcixeSi vcxovrob da Zveli bednieri dro menat-

reba, ra gvqonda gasayofi ?! arasdros migrZvnia qarTvelebisgan, rom osi var.”

samwuxarod 2008 wlis agvistos movlenebma cxadad dagvanaxa, rom eTnokonfliqti kvlav CixSi moeqca da is moCvenebiTi pozitivebi, romelic omamde regionSi SeiniSneboda,

pirvandel mdgomareobas daubrunda, yvelam kargad icis, rom am tragikuli movlenebis

ganviTarebaSi Cvenma Crdiloelma megobarma mTavari roli iTamaSa. mTlianad “gawmindes”

qarTuli eTnosis warmomadgenlebisgan Crdilo qarTlis (e.w samxreT oseTis) teritoria. garda amisa miayoles araerTi regioni da sofeli, Sedegad 160 000 adamiani devnilad aqci-

es. maTi nawili ruseTSi gadasaxlda, zogic saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSi gadavida sacxov-

reblad, socialuri da sxva problemebisTvis Tavis asarideblad.

agvistos omma msoflio mediis yuradReba miiqcia. sxvadasxva qveynis eqspertebis mier es omi Sefasda, rogorc ruseT-saqarTvelos omi. “ruseTma sabWoTa kavSiris aRdgena saqar-

Tvelodan daiwyo da es saqarTvelos tragikuli geopolitikuri bedia, magram es ar aris

1921 weli da veravin daakninebs Cveni teritoriebis aneqsias “ aRniSna mixeil saakaSvilma.

qarTul-rusul-osuri mediis mosazrebebi radikalurad gansxvavdeboda erTmaneTisagan . qarTuli mediiiT gavrcelebuli informacia omis dawyebaSi ruseTs adanaSaulebda, rusu-

li media ki sruliad gansxvavebul mosazrebas aSuqebda. erT mxares meoreze pretenziaTa

mTeli nusxa hqonda Sedgenili da orive amtkicebda, rom maTi argumentebi WeSmaritia, mag-

ram faqtia, rom araerT yalb da gazviadebul informias avrcelebdnen. qarTuli presis pa-

ralelurad osuri gazeTi TiTqmis yvela nomer-Si beWdavda seriebs qarTvelTa agresiis Sedegad daRupulTa Sesaxeb. mogviTxrobda, Tu ra xdeboda cxinvalSi, rogor emaleboda

sikvdils mosaxleoba. marTlac saSinelebaa am tragediis mosmena, magram rTulia gansajo,

Tu vin iyo marTali. msgavs faqtebs qarTuli mediac aSuqebda, qarTul-osuri media erTma-

neTs adanaSaulebda, Tumca saerTo tragediis Sesaxeb aravin saubrobda. ara da omSi, sam-xedroebis garda, uamravi mSvidobiani mosaxle daiRupa, rogorc qarTvelebis aseve osebis

mxridan. [21. 3.IX.08.]

ruseTi yvelanairad cdilobda situaciis gamwvavebas. is arafers erideboda imisTvis,

rom osi xalxi aemxedrebina qarTvelebis winaaRmdeg. samauwyeblo da beWvdur mediaSi gaC-nda mZlavri anti-qarTuli kampania. sainformacio saSualebebi Zalas ar iSurebdnen imis-

Tvis, rom yvelaferi qarTvelebs dabralebodaT da mtris xatad warmoeCinaT. imave scena-

riT moqmedebda osuri mediac. gazeT ~iuJnaia asewias” erT-erT nomerSi vkiTxulobT, rom

TiTqos saqarTvelo didi xnis ganmavlobaSi gegmavda osebze Tavdasxmas, aqve naTqvamia Tu rogor SemohyavdaT mZime teqnika da TviTmfrinavebidan rogor bombavdnen mSvidobian mo-

saxleobas. imis Sesaxeb ki duman Tu rogor moulodnelad Semovida rusuli teqnika rokis

gvirabidan da sahaero sivrcidan daibomba qarTuli soflebi.

qarTveli publicistebi cdilobdnen eCvenebinaT is situacia, romelSic konfliqtis zonaSi mcxovrebni imyofebodnen. isini aRgviwerdnen mosaxleobis gancdebs, srolisa da

afeTqebis xmis qveS daCoqil moxuc qals, romelic ufals qveynis gadarCenas sTxovda. ~ama-

ze mZime araferi SeiZleba iyos!' ambobda igi da marTlac ase gaxldaT. publicisti ise xa-

tovnad gadmogvcems ambavs, rom Zalauneburad mtrisadmi zizRsa da siZulvils gvinergavs,

aseve gviCvenebs im Semzarav kadrebs, romlebic araerTxel gaSuqebula qarTul mediaSi. qarTvelebi rogorc afxazeTSi, aseve oseTSic dRemde devnilebad rCebian, xolo osebi uk-

ve agvistos bolos daubrundnen sakuTar soflebs. osuri media mogviTxrobs rogor xvde-

bodnen adgilobrivi xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi dabrunebul osebs. `dRes am bavSvebma


24

fexi dadges Tavisufal miwaze” - vkiTxulobT gazeTSi. am dros Tu sad arian qarTveli dev-nili bavsSvebi, sruliad ar ainteresebT. maT Sesaxeb cnobebs mxolod qarTuli gazeTebi

gvawvdian, magram osebis Sesaxeb isinic arafers gveubnebian. amgvarad rogorc erTi, aseve

meore mxare ver xvdeba, rom aseT politikas orive eri daRupvisken mihyavs, xolo mesame Za-

la amas Tavis sasargeblod iyenebs. da marTlac, ruseTma mizans miaRwia, man ara marto SuR-li gaaRviva qarTvel da os xalxebs Soris, aramed moawyo qarTvelTa genocidi, rogorc af-

xazeTSi, aseve samaCabloSi qarTvelebi devnilebad aqcia, orive maTgani ki damoukidebel

respublikad gamoacxada.

vfiqrobT, garda zemoTqmuli problemebisa qarTul mediaSi xSiria terminebis da sa-xelwodebebis arasworad gamoyeneba. politikuri elitis warmomadgenlebisagan xSirad is-

mis- oseTi Cvenia, oseTi qarTuli saxelmwifos teritoriaa. Tu oseTia Cveni rogorRaa?! ra

Tqma unda, amgvari damokidebuleba am sakiTxisadmi Cveni xelisuflebis im politikis nawi-

lia, romelsac isini atareben qarTul-osur konfliqtTan dakavSirebiT, Tumca, mainc vfiqrobT, rom am sakiTxSi meti sifrTxilea saWiro. qarTul mediaSi Zalian xSirad gaismis

~de-faqto samxreT oseTi,” es niSnavs, rom faqtiurad teritoria namdvilad samxreT ose-

Tia. ra Tqma unda, amis mTqmeli Jurnalistebi, ver acnobiereben sinamdvileSi ras amboben.

rasworad gveCveneba kidev erTi termini, ~TviTgamocxadebuli respublikis'' gamoyenebac. TviTgamocxadebuli niSnavs, rom ar aris aRiarebuli, magram kanonieri safuZvlebi gaaCnia

am TviTgamocxadebul respublikas da momavalSi moxdeba sxvaTa mier misi aRiarebac.

saerTod yvela saxelmwifo TviTgamocxadebuli damoukideblobis deklaraciis sa-

fuZvelzea Seqmnili.

konfliqturi situaciebi uaryofiTad moqmedebs admianebze, iwvevs maT gaucxoebas da zneobriv degradacias es problema qarTvelebma da osebma TviTon unda moagvaron, yovel-

gveri mesame Zalis gareSe. risi safuZvelic is megobrul-naTesauri urTierTobebia, arc

Tu Soreul warsulSi rom arsebobda Cven Soris.

osebis erT-erTi sayvareli dResaswaulia “Zvabronoba” romelsac aucilebdal zeimo-ben. saqarTvelos mkvidri osebic mudmivad aRniSnavdnen am dResaswauls, Tanac marto ki

ara qarTvelebTan erTad. sabWoTa epoqaSic ki, rodesac eklesiaSi locva ikrZaleboda,

qarTvelebi da osebi erTad did mTaze adiodnen da saerTo salocavSi RmerTs samSoblos

da erTmaneTis kargad yofnas sTxovdnen. vela ojaxs gansakuTrebuli stumrianoba hqonda im dRes, cxveboda osuri xaWapuri, ixarSeboda ludi, saklavi ikvleboda da uzarmazari

sufra iSleboda es yvelaferi ki qarTul-osuri cekvebis TanxlebiT, saocari lxini imar-

Teboda. q. cxinvali gansakuTrebuli stumarTmoyvareobiT gamoirCeoda, sadac xSirad

imarTeboda Sexvedrebi qarTvel mwerlebTan, poetebsa Tu sazogado moRvaweebTan. cnobi-lia galaktionis didi megobroba cnobil os poet ,revaz asaevTan, romelic misi xSiri

stumri gaxldaT. ukanaskneli ori aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi qarTul-osuri urTierTobebi

Cvendauneburad mtrobaSi gadaizarda da politikosTa ambiciebis gamo ori megobari eri

dapirispirebul banakebSi aRmoCnda, samwuxarod axlo momavalSic ar Cans imedismomcemi perspeqtiva da mainc dapirispireba qarTvel da os xalxs Soris ara adamianebis urTier-

TzizRis, aramed binZuri politikis Sedegia, romelsac Cvens daukiTxavad aZleven maTTvis

saWiro mimarTulebas. yvelasTvis cxadia, rom konfliqti „mesame Zalis“ arcTu amao mcde-

lobiT, xelovnuri gaRvivebis gziT warmoiqmna da droSic sakmaod gaiwela. es aris dapi-

rispireba romelic sWirdeba mxolod mesame Zalas, arc oss da arc qarTvels. miuxedavad imisa, rom omi klavs, ar ZaluZs gaanadguros siyvaruli, urTierTdaxmarebis survili da

humanuroba. Rirseba- Tviseba, romelic orive ers Tanabrad gaaCnia jobnis omis kanonebs,


25

imarjvebs adamianoba, romlis mTavari mamoZravebeli Zala aris mizani - adamianis gadarCe-na, miuxedavad imisa, vinc ar unda iyos is, namdvilad mteri, Tu ubralod mtrad Seracxuli.

“yvela omi erT dRes aucileblad mTavrdeba. mTavaria sanam is boboqrobs, misi xanZari

sulSi ar SeuSva, rom adamianoba ar dagakargvinos. mis dasrulebis Semdeg rodesac yvela-

feri daiwmindeba da dro yvelas Tavis adgils miuCens, suli da sindisi sufTaa unda gqon-des” am sityvebis erovnebiT osma avtorma, madina Siukaevam 2008 wlis omis dros saocari si-

mamace gamoiCina. igi miiCnevs rom Zala, romelic omis dros, gansacdelSi myofi adamianebis

daxmarebis dros igrZno Cveulebrivi siyvarulis Zalaa, romelic Tu ar gagaCnia safrTxis

winaSe myofs TviTonac wagaxdens da veravisac ver daexmarebi. da bolos, zogierTi osi poeti sakmaod daZabul da cxel periodSi Tavisi leqsebiT

cdilobda yinulis galRobas. araerTi leqsi daibeWda, osur presaSi, romelTa wakiTxvac

sakmaod mZafr emocias iwvevs.

magaliTad, aza xudJaevas leqsi:

„Букетик ландишей“....

`Где ты теперь и как сложилось

Мой словный друг, судьба твая?

Твои мне ландыши проснились

Долекой юности друзя.~

an zinaida bitarova:

`Двор детства‘‘ `Кавказ, утоплённый в крови

Кавказ d без дружбы и любви...

И ты, грузин, теперь d мой враг?

А мы росли в адних дворах.

Двор детство, солничный мой двор

Мне не поверить до сих пор,

Что ты грузин, теперь... мне враг! Ведь жили мы в одних горах.

Двор детства, мой свободной двор,

Я не приду к тебе, как вор:

Я не хочу распятой быть...

Мне все равно тебя любить.

Двор детства, мой веселы двор!

Мы были вместе: Я, Анзор,

Иринка, Гиви, Тамрико,

Не уходите далеко.~

am leqsebSi aSkaraa is damokidebuleba, Tu gnebavT monatreba, rasac drom da ukuRma datrialebulma bedis borbalma veraferi daaklo...

omi omma Secvala, tkivils tkivili daemata, magram bzaris amovseba SesaZlebelia sanam

sikeTis xsovna cocxlobs, imedi viqonioT, rom mtrobiT dangreuls siyvaruli aRadgens.

humanitaruli mecnierebani: xelovnebaTmcodneoba, filosofia, fsiqologia

26


nino nozaZe ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universiteti, bakalavriati

samsxverplo cxovelebis gamosaxulebebi qarTul

saeklesio arqiteqturaSi

xelmZRvaneli profesori: elene gogiaSvili

cxovelTa calkeuli gamosaxulebebi arqauli droidan iRebs saTaves da xalxis reli-giur rwmena-warmodgenebSi sxvadasxvagvar axsnas pouloben.

saqarTvelos teritoriaze arsebul eklesia-monastrebze xSirad vxvdebiT zoomorful

gamosaxulebebs, romlebic, garkveulwilad dakavSirebulia salocavebis daarsebasTan an

RvTismsaxurebis ritualebTan. maTze ZiriTadad gamosaxulia samsxverplo cxovelebi. qarTuli eTnografiuli, arqeologiuri da folkloruli masalis mixedviT naTlad

ikveTeba xaris, irmisa da cxvris simboloebi, romlebic, erTi mxriv miTosuri (nayo-

fiereba, bunebis ZalTa aRorZineba), meore mxriv ki qristianuli mniSvnelobiTaa dat-

virTuli. xaris kults kavkasieli, kerZod, qarTveli xalxis rwmena-warmodgenebSi udidesi adgi-

li aqvs daTmobili. misi kulti sakmaod sicocxlisunariani aRmoCnda da qristianul reli-

giaSic ki SeaRwia. Tumca isic unda aRiniSnos, rom yvela epoqasa da geografiul garemoSi

masSi iseTi Sinaarsi iyo Cadebuli, ramac xelovnebaSi am simbolos aseTi xangrZlivi arse-boba ganapiroba. xaris gamosaxulebani ukve adresamiwaTmoqmedo kulturebis ZeglebSi

gvxvdeba. igi sxva CliqosnebTan erTad (iremi, Sveli, Txa) gamoisaxeboda. gansakuTrebiT ig-

rZnoba xaris kulti CaTal-huiukis (Zv.w. VII-VI aTaswleulebi) namosaxlarze, romlis sakur-

TxevlebSi didi raodenobiT gvxvdeba xaris Tavis anda, ubralod, xaris rqebisa da Tavis qa-

lis gamosaxuleba — xan moxatulobaSi, xan ki TixaSi naZerwi. [afanasieva, ...1986:34]. am Zeg-lze xarebi aSkarad sakulto cxovelebia, romlebic qalRvTaebebisadmi iwireboda. msxver-

plSewirvis ritualTan iyo, dakavSirebuli agreTve rqiani Tavis qalebisa da am qalebidan-

ve amozrdili rtoebis Senaxva. mcenareuli da cxoveluri simbolikis amgvar sinTezSi ga-

erTianebuli iyo warmodgenebi sikvdilisa da aRorZinebis Sesaxeb. es Zeglebi anu pirvel-yofili `taZrebi~ Zv.w. VII-VI aTaswleulebs ekuTvnis da im xanidan moyolebuli xars, ro-

gorc RvTaebas, sapatio adgili ekava miwaTmoqmedi xalxis religiur panTeonSi [Археология

зарубежной Азии,1986. 33-37]. xaris kultis ganxilvisas mniSvnelovania bolnisis sioni. igi saxelganTqmulia ro-

gorc istoriuli, aseve mxatvruli mniSvnelobiTac. pirvelad, bolnisis sionSi gvxvdeba

swored skulpturuli da ornamentuli dekori (xaris Tavi, sxvadasxva frinvelisa da cxo-

velis reliefuri gamosaxuleba), romlebic winaqristianul xanasTanaa dakavSirebuli, mag-ram SeTvisebulia qristianuli sarwmunoebis mier.

i. semionovis mixedviT,iseT xalxebSi,sadac xaris kulti miwaTmoqmedebasTan iyo da-

kavSirebuli naTlad ikveTeba monadireobasTan asocirebuli warmodgenebi. man sagangebod

aRniSna iseTi dResaswaulebi, rogoricaa qarTvelebis mier samsxverplo xarebis Sewirva.


27

aRsaniSnavia isic,rom iq, sadac naxsenebia msxverplSewirva ar figurirebs „mxvneli“ xari, yvelgan aris mwarmoebeli „xari“, romelic ar gamoiyeneba gamwev Zalad.

qarTvelTa Soris gavrcelebuli xaris Sewirvis wesi,romelic i. semionovs v. bardave-

liZis mixedviT aqvs damowmebuli, gulisxmobs svaneTSi RvTis saxelze gaSvebuli buRa xa-

ris-visxvis Sewirvis wess. aqve unda vaxsenoT arqanjelo lambertis mier aRwerili iloris wm.giorgis dResaswauli, rodesac eklesiaSi xari mohyavda wm.giorgis. am xaris xorci iWre-

boda wvril naWrebad da xalxs urigdeboda. „am xorcs gaaxmobdnen kvamlze da didis sasoe-

biT Seinaxavdnen avadmyofobis dros mosaxmarad. darwmunebulni arian,rom es xorci sauke-

Teso wamalia“ gvamcnobs lamberti.misive cnobiT dakluli xaris saukeTeso nawilebi, rqe-biTurT ekuTvnis mTavars. igi am rqebs Seamkobs oqroTi, Zvirfasi qvebiT da didi dResaswa-

ulis dros im rqebiT dalevs Rvinos wm.giorgis sadideblad (i. surgulaZe. `miTosi, kulti,

rituali saqarTveloSi“. Tb., 2003w. 97,98).

aRsaniSnavia is faqtic, rom qarTvelTa religiur warmodgenebSi arsebobs mosazreba, rom qristianul wmindanebs nebiT mohyavs samsxverplo cxoveli. igi mas nebayoflobiT ewi-

reba. am faqtis gamovlinebad iTvleba Cven mier naxsenebi iloris wm. giorgis dReoba. a.

lamberti sagangebod aRniSnavs, rom am dResaswauls ara marto odiSis mosaxleoba, aramed

afxazebi da svanebic eswrebodnen. dResaswaulis wina dRes eklesiis karibWesTan amaliT misuli mTavari galavans klitiT aketinebda da zed Tavis beWeds asvamda. meore diliT mTa-

vari gaTenebamde brundeboda eklesiaSi amalasTan da xalxTan erTad, Seamowmebda Tavis be-

Weds, mere moxsnida mas da Sedioda galavanSi. galavnis bWesa da eklesias Soris dainaxav-

dnen wmindanis mier moyvanil xars da yvela mowiwebiT daxrida Tavs. eklesiaSi maSinve iwye-

boda zarebis rekva da yvela igebda rom wmindanma saswauli am welsac aRasrula. Tumca un-da aRiniSnos, rom marTalia misvla garegnulad nebaze damyarebuls hgavs, magram sinamdvi-

leSi es „nebayoflobiTi“ msxverpli da molocva SiSzea dafuZnebuli. (i. surgulaZe. “miTo-

si, kulti, rituali saqarTveloSi“. Tb. 2003w. 154,157).

sayuradReboa isic, rom ritualur masalaSi mJRavndeba gareuli nadir-frinvelis Si-nauriT Canacvlebis tendencia. cnobilia, rom iremi „wminda nadiria“.xalxi sagangebod

cdilobda maT mopovebas sakurTxevlisTvis. „wminda nadiri“ mWidro kavSirSia salocaveb-

Tan. am mxriv yuradRebas imsaxurebs legenda xarisa da irmis Sesaxeb, romlis Tanaxmad sa-

locavSi Tavis nebiT momaval samsxverplo irems Caenacvla xari. msgavsi siuJetebi sxva xalxebis zepirsityvierebaSic dasturdeba (i. surgulaZe. “miTosi, kulti, rituali saqar-

TveloSi“. Tb., 2003w. 102,103).

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeebSi mopovebuli masala cxadyofs, rom me-17 saukunis

SuaxanebSi afxazeTSi, mesxeTSi, imereTsa da svaneTSi dasturdeba wm. giorgis dRis msgavsi rituali, Tumca samsxverplo cxovelia ara xari, aramed iremi., romelic ama Tu im mizeze-

bis gamo gaunawyenebiaT, ris Semdegac iremi aRar gamoCenila da mis nacvlad wmindans xaris

gamogzavna dauwyia. gadmocemis Tanaxmad, xonis salocavSi modioda ara erTi iremi, aramed

mTeli jogi, romelTa xorciT xalxi sufras Slida wmindanis saxelobaze. Cveni msjelobisTvis sayuradReboa erT-erTi leqsi:

„es Cveni wminda giorgi

maRla goraze svenia,

nadiri bevri miudis, arCvi,iremi,Svelia,

daTvs raRa moarbeninebs,

vai SiSi ra Znelia.“


28

salocavSi Tavis nebiT misuli samsxverplo cxovelebis Sesaxeb warmodgenebi mTel kavkasiaSia cnobili. savaraudod amis mixedviT iqmneba siuJetebi taZarTa adgilis SerCe-

vis Sesaxeb. kerZod, rodesac taZris asageb adgils mianiSnebs nebiT mimavali xari, sadac

xdeba cxovelebiT Sewirva cxovelebi, an sulac taZrebi igeba.

rodesac samsxverplo cxovelebze vsaubrobT aucileblad unda vaxsenoT cxvari. mas gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs samsxverplo cxovelTa rigSi swored imis gamo rom igi

yvelaze udrtvinveli cxovelia. mis am Tvisebas sammagi mniSvneloba aqvs: 1. igi imeorebs sa-

locavSi Tavisi nebiT pirvelad misuli cxovelis Sewirvis pirvel scenas; 2. yoveli kerZo

SemTxveva ahyavs saswaulebriv mniSvnelobamde; 3. mianiSnebs im umTavresze, risTvisac msxverpli Seiwireba: Sesawiravi miRebulia. aqedan gamomdinare, iZulebiTi msxverpli ar

arsebobs. msxverplSewirva maSin ganxorcieldeba, roca Sewirva netarebaa SewirulisTvis

(i. surgulaZe. “miTosi, kulti, rituali saqarTveloSi“. Tb. 2003w. 155.156,157,158).

Tu saqarTveloSi mokvleul masalas am istoriul fonze ganvixilavT, vnaxavT rom qarTul samyaroSi xaris kulti adridanve arsebobda. ukve eneoliTur namosaxlarebze

(aruxlo, wofi) vxvdebiT xaris patara qandakebebs, xolo gudabrtyaze — saritualo

daniSnulebis mqone xaris niRbebs. xaris kults daukavSira rqiani sadgari o. jafariZem:

~xari, romelic erTi mxriv, didi raodenobiT xorceuls iZleva, xolo meore mxriv, Cans, iwyeba misi gamoyeneba gamwev Zalad, eneoliTis xanidan moyolebuli kultis obieqti xdeba.

am periodSi misi kulti mZlavrad ikidebs fexs; amis sabuTad SeiZleba isic gamodges rom

eneoliTis xanaSi xaris kultTan dakavSirebuli gamosaxulebebi mraval variants iZleva~

(xelculebze gamosaxuli xaris sxeulis nawilebi) (jafariZe).

xaris kulti farTod iyo gavrcelebuli da xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi arsebobda sxva mcenareul, nayofierebis, astralur kultebTan.

xaris kultTan aris dakavSirebuli erT-erTi legenda,romlis Tanaxmad, qarelSi, so-

fel saRolaSenTan aris „dedoflis mindori“ da „dasasrulad“ wodebuli adgili, rac wmi-

da Senaxul adgils niSnavs. aq glexkaci ar xnavda da arc saqonels uSvebda. dacvisa da Seu-xeblobis niSnad am mdelos xnulis SemovlebiT saryavdnen. erT-erTi saryvis dros daR-

lil guTnisdedas CasZinebia da sakvirveli Cveneba uxilavs, gamoRviZebuls aravisTvis uT-

qvams, mxolod RvTisagan miTiTebul niSans eloda, romelsac xvna unda Seeferxebina. mar-

Tlac, saryvisas uRleuli Sedga da adgilidan aRar iZvroda, mexres xarebis gasaficxeb-lad Solti gadaukravs guTnis Semaferxebel mcenareTa fesvebis lanZRviT. maSinaTve gul-

wasuli mexre miwaze daenarcxa da suli ganuteva. xnulis gaTxrisas didmowame giorgis qva-

Si nakveTi xati gamoCnda. dResac aq, „dasaryul“ mindorze wmida giorgis bareliefSi nakve-

Ti qvis xati devs, romlis Sesaxebac guTnisdedas sizmareul CvenebaSi euwya: — amoebrZane-bina, gauxednav xarebze daedo da RvTis nebisaTvis miendo. kerZod, sadac xarebi daRlilni

dawvebodnen, iq aegoT didmowame giorgis saxelobis eklesia. uremze dabrZanebuli xatiT

gauxednavma uRleulma TrialeTis qeds miaSura. eklesiisaken mimavali gzis Sua welze sa-

javared wodebuli Sesasvenebeli adgilia. aq SeCerebulan daRlili xarebi, SeusveniaT da gza gaugrZelebiaT. dRes aq morwmuneni Cerdebian, rom Zalamokrebilni kvlav Seudgnen ek-

lesiisken mimaval aRmarTs. bolos xarebi araqaTgamoclilni dawolilan. am adgilas sami

monazoni Sekrebila, romelTac RvTis SemweobiT augiaT saryis wmida giorgis eklesia da

monasteri dauarsebiaT (oxanaSvili).

xaris kultTan erTad unda SevexoT gareuli cxovelis — irmis kults. qarTul fol-klorSi iremi xSirad warmodgenilia rogorc zebunebriv niWTa matarebeli da RvTaebis

samyarosTan dakavSirebuli arseba. xalxur zRaprebSi vxvdebiT iseT detalebs, ritac

vrwmundebiT, rom iremi dakavSirebulia RvTaebriv ZalebTan. gansakuTrebiT sakuradRe-


29

boa erT qarTul zRaparSi daculi warmodgenebi, romlis Tanaxmadac kaci RmerTs daeZebs da masTan misvlas axerxebs mTis wverze mdgari irmis uzarmazari, cadawvdenili rqebiT.

xalxur sityvierebaSi da saxviT xelovnebaSi irmis rqebi, warmodgenilia,rogorc maTi

ZiriTadi ganmsazRvreli niSani. xalxis warmodgenebTan erTad istoriuli masalac gvar-

wmunebs imaSi, rom irmis rqebs didi sakulto mniSvneloba hqonda. saqarTvelos mTianeTSi TiTqmis yvela salocavs amkobs irmis rqebi.

aRsaniSnavia,rom xalxis warmodgenebiT zebunebrivi ZaliT arian dajildoebulni ir-

mis ZuZunawovi gmirebic.

erT-erTi legendis Tanaxmad Tamars Svili ar undoda. mzis sxivi eca da daorsulda.-bavSvi saidumlod iSva da gamdels ubrZana usier tyeSi mietovebina. tyeSi bavSvs iremi mo-

evlina mxsnelad. erTxel Tamarma nadirobis dros naxa es bavSviani iremi da Seapyrobina

amis Semdeg bagrationebi irmis xorcs ar Wamdneno.

folkloruli masalis mixedviT irmis rZe da irmis wvela RvTebaTa xvedria. materialuri kulturis Zeglebze irmis gamosaxulebebi xSirad religiur-kosmogoni-

ur konteqstSia moqceuli.

iremi saqarTvelos uZvelesi mosaxleobis rwmenebsa da ritualebSi eneoliTis xanidan

monawileobs. qvacxelebze mopovebul WurWlis sarqvelebze vxvdebiT rqamaRali vacisa da irmis gamosaxulebebs. (i. surgulaZe. “miTosi, kulti, rituali saqarTveloSi“ Tb. 2003.

22,23).

irmis gamosaxulebebi mravladaa kavkasionis brinjaos xanis gamosaxulebebze.is calke

figuris saxiTaa gamosaxuli.

irmis gamosaxulebadaa miCneuli stefanwmindis, brinjaos fragmentebze SerCenili cxovelis figuris nawili. am figurisgan gadarCenilia mxolod kiseri, ori wina fexi maRal

nabijSi da korpusis wina nawili. kiseri mTlianad swor xazebad dalagebuli wertilebiTaa

dafaruli. beWebis adgilas ki ori stilizebuli mcenarea gamosaxuli wertilebiT. irmis

amave monaxazs imeorebs woisis ganZis brinjaos culi. irmis Tavi da kiseri dafarulia wertilebiT, korpusis Sua nawili ki — StrixebiT, romelsac fxisebri forma aqvs.rac

Seexeba mcenarisebur xSirtotebian rqebs, isini utrirebuladaa gamosaxuli. sxvaobas

warmoadgens kudis gamosaxuleba. woisis culis irmis kudi aris grZeli, daxrili, mcenaris

niSnebis mqone gamosaxuleba. amiT Sordeba irmis gamosaxuleba mis realur models. safiqrebelia, rom cxovelis aseTi gamosaxuleba, avtoris mxridan, unda iyos mcenariseul

da cxovelur simboloTa semantikuri gaigiveba.

eTnografiuli da folkloruli masalis mixedviT, iremi dakavSrebulia bunebis aRor-

Zinebis ZalebTan. arqeologiuri masala gvaZlevs am sakiTxis ufro Rrmad Seswavlis saSua-lebas. brinjaos culebze gamosaxuli korpusi xSirad badurebiTaa Sevsebuli, kudi ki mce-

naris saxiTaa gadmocemuli, irmis rqac formiT uaxlovdeba mcenares. ismeba kiTxva-ra aris

cxovelis nawilis baduriT Sevsebis mizezi, rodesac SesaZlebelia bewvis gamosaxva an am

sivrcis sufTad datoveba? am sakiTxis garkvevisTvis saWiroa gaverkveT geometriuli fo-nis da, kerZod, baduris xasiaTSi.

baduras iyenebdnen erTgvarovani sivrcis gadmosacemad. magaliTad, egviptelebi

qalaqis niSnad xmarobdnen wreSi Caxatul siluetur jvars. es yovelive midis jvris

simbolikisken, romelic Zvel xalxebSi mTel qveynierebas: mis oTx mxares warmosaxavda.

qriT an sxva figuriT gadmocemuli jvari ki asaxavda konkretul adgils (saxli, sofeli, qalaqi). amdenad, oTxkiTxedi da wre miwis simbolodaa gaazrebuli. SeiZleba vivaraudoT,

rom irmis sxeulze datanili badura swored miwis simboloa. am mosazrebas ramdenime

faqti amyarebs:


30

1. cxovelebis sxeuli rqisa da bewvis mimarT ganixileboda miwad, radgan Zvel miwaT-moqmeds miaCnda, rom bewvisa da rqis perioduli cvla aseve mwvanis amosvla sikvdilisa da

gacocxlebis analogiuri movlena iyo.

2. Zvel xalxebs mcenaris analogad miaCndaT cxovelis wamozrdili kudi da rqa.

aseTi mosazrebebi unda gaCeniliyo miwaTmoqmedebis ganviTarebasTn eraTad. swored am mizezebma ganapiroba irmis qceva bunebis deduri RvTaebebis prototipad, mis zoomorful

saxed.

iremTan aris dakavSirebuli Cabaluxis nom. 1 sartylis mxatvroba.aq metad saintereso

simbolur konteqstSia warmodgenili irmis figura.mas zurgze mtacebeli frinveli azis,misi mkerdis win ki vertikaluradaa aRmarTuli gvelis sxeuli.iremi fantastikuri

cxovelis msgavsad Tavis garSemo qmnis kompleqss, sadac frinveli warmoadgens cis

sartyels,meore elementi-gveli ki miwisas.rac Seexeba irems, igi mwvane bunebis

nayofierebis Zalebsa da, rogorc bunebis didi dedis simbolo,ciskris varskvlavsac ganasaxierebs.

maSasadame, Cven mier CamoTvlil gamosaxulebaTa aseTi xasiaTi gvafiqrebinebs,rom mi-

si Semoqmedi eTnikuri jgufi ukve daSorebuli iyo totemur warmodgenebs. (i. surgulaZe,

”miTosi, kulti, rituali saqarTveloSi“, 2003.24-33). bunebis aRorZineba-kvdomis procesi daukavSirda bunebis didi dedebis kults. rwme-

naT astralizaciis periodSi iremi da varskvlavi nayofierebis RvTaebaTa damakavSirebel

planeta veneras warmoadgens da erT semantikur velSi eqcevian.

Sua brinjaos xanidan ki arqiteqturaSi ZiriTadad zoomorfuli Tematika sWarbob-

s,rasac xeli Seuwyo religiasa da miTosSi momxdarma gardaqmnebma. aRsaniSnavia is faqtic rom atenis Crdilo fasadze, Sesasvlelis timpanze, gamosaxu-

lia ori iremi. afsidis gverdis lavgasionis Crrdnis qveS — wmindani da mis win mdgomi kti-

tori, xolo marcxena niSSi ori reliefuri scenaa warwerebiT: daviT garejelis mowafe

lukiane irems wvelis da samsonis lomTan SebrZoleba. irmis amgvari gamosaxuleba garkve-ulwilad dakavSirebuli unda iyos taZris daarsebasTan.

zoomorfuli Zeglebis ganxilvisas aucilebelia SevexoT cxvris kults.kidev erTxel

unda gavixsenoT sarkis wminda giorgis eklesia,romelic cxvris kultTan aris dakavSirebu-

li. erTxel yifianebs cxvari miuyvaniaT sarkis wmida giorgis eklesiaSi. tradiciisamebr, cxvari taZrisaTvis unda SemoetarebinaT. veeba Wedila xelidan dausxltaT da sami kilo-

metriT daSorebuli yinwvisis eklesiisken gaiqca. dadevnebulebma saocreba ixiles — cxvari

gzis miuTiTeblad yinwvisis eklesiaSi mivida, samjer garSemo Semouara da kvlav sarkes ek-

lesiisken gamoswia. eklesiis karebTan wina ori fexi moidrika da daCoqilma Tavi miwas daado. amis xilviT SeZruli xalxi Semoqmeds ganadidebda da ufals madlobda, romelmac pirutyvis

mier ganswavla mcired morwmuneni Tavmdablobasa da RvTis morCilebaSi.

cxvris kulti ara marto rom dakavSirebulia eklesia-monastrebTan, religiur ritua-

lebTan, sadac igi aSkarad samsxverplo cxovelia, aramed igi garkveuli saxiT ukavSirdeba saflavebsac. am kuTxiT sainteresoa cxvris qandakeba, radganac igi mWidrod ukavSirdeba

qristianul azrovnebas. mesxeTisa da qvemo qarTlis garda, cxvris qandakebis saflavis

Zeglebad gamoyeneba saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSi ar dasturdeba. dasavleT saqarTveloSi

ki (imereTi) cxvris bareliefiT Semkuli qvebi farTod aris gavrcelebuli. miuxedavad imi-

sa, rom cxvris didi kulti arsebobda winaqristianuli xanis saqarTveloSi misi simboluri mniSvnelobis gaRrmavebaSi didi wvlili miuZRvis bibliis wignebs. saflavis qvebze gamosa-

xuli cxvrebi Tavisi SinaarsiT qristianul azrovnebas ukavSirdeba. am garemoebas ori mi-


31

zezi ganapirobebs: pirveli, rodesac kravi ganasaxierebs samsxverplo cxovels da meore, roca masSi igulisxmeba israelis eri anu fara cxvrisa.

cxvris kultis udidesi mniSvneloba imiTac dasturdeba,rom qarTul sasuliero

mwerlobaSi xSirad vxvdebiT qristes epiTetebs: „tarigi“, “cxvari“, “kravi“ im simboluri

gagebiT,rasac zogadqristianuli mwerloba akanonebs. maSasadame, uZvelesi perioodidan dRemde udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba zoomorful

gamosaxulebebs rogor religiuri, aseve miTologiuri TvalsazrisiT. Cven vecadeT met-

naklebi sizustiT agvesaxa is zogadi suraTi, romelic gvaqvs am cxovelebis (xari, iremi,

cxvari) saxiT qarTul saeklesio arqiteqturaSi.

gamoyenebuli literatura: 1. n. abakelia „simbolo da rituali qarTul kulturaSi“ Tb.,1997. 2. e. nadiraZe „saqarTvelos memorialuri kultura.“

3. i. surgulaZe “miTosi, kulti, rituali saqarTveloSi”, Tb., 2003. gamomcemloba

Tbilisi.

4. www.google.ge.

5. www.wikipedia.org.

6. http://saunje.ge/index.php?id=1249&lang=ka.


32

sofiko xelaSvili ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, bakalavriati

iona xelaSvilisa da solomon dodaSvilis

msoflmxedvelobaTa Sedareba

xelmZRvaneli profesori: daviT jalaRonia

XVIII saukunis meore naxevris da XIX saukunis pirveli mesamedis qarTul filosofiur istoriaSi gamorCeuli adgili uWiravs or qarTvel moRvawes — iona xelaSvils da solomon

dodaSvils. maTi megobruli urTierTobis Sesaxeb kargad Cans epistolaruli memkvidreo-

bidan. dodaSvilisTvis iona xelaSvili pativsacemi pirovnebaa, romlis uSualo Segirdad

Tvlida igi Tavis Tavs. iona xelaSvilis, didi patrioti da kacTmoyvare, did materialur

mzrunvelobas iCenda dodaSvilis mimarT, wlebis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeboda urTierToba maT Soris. miuxedavad amisa, maTi msoflmxedveloba da filosofiuri Sexedulebebi erTma-

neTisagan gansxvavdeboda.

iona xelaSvilma axalgazrda qarTvelSi aRmoaCina araCveulebrivi filosofiuri niWi.

igi ocnebobda misi saxiT moemzadebina rogorc saqarTvelos patrioti, agreTve hyoloda erTguli ideuri momxre. igi ar iSurebda arc codnas da arc saxsrebs, raTa solomoni ga-

mosuliyo ~eris moyuare” da ~mamulis samsaxuris mosurne”.

iona xelaSvilma solomon dodaSvilis saxiT saqarTvelos misca gamoCenili sazogado

moRvawe, magram rogorc Teologi, man ver SeZlo didxans darCeniliyo solomon dodaSvi-lis ideur damrigeblad. rodesac vlaparakobT iona xelaSvilis gavlenaze solomon do-

daSvilis msoflmxedvelobaze, saWiroa gaviTvaliswinoT am gavlenis farglebi.

solomon dodaSvilma uaryo iona xelaSvilis ideologiuri koncefcia-~filosofosis

simdidre RmerTis samsaxurSia”. es gamomdinareobs dodaSvilis ZiriTadi filosofiuri Sromis ~logikis” Sinaarsidan, romelSic savsebiT gamoricxulia Teologia, Tumca unda

iTqvas, rom ara iona xelaSvili da misi qvelmoqmedeba SeiZleba solomon dodaSvils Tavisi

~logika” verc ki gamoeca.

iona xelaSvilis msoflmxedvelobis CamoyalibebaSi gadamwyveti roli misma profesiam

iTamaSa. RvTismetyveluri Teologiuri codniT SeiaraRebuli iona filosofiaSic Teo-logad darCa, amitom misi filosofia naxevrad Teologiaa. mas mTeli samyaro warmoud-

genia, rogorc RmerTis Semoqmedeba. RmerTi ki erTia, ucvleli, yovlismomcveli da

yvelgan arsebuli, yovlismfarveli da keTili, TavisTavadi, maradiuli, dausabamo da

dausrulebeli. `yovelTa keTilad dambadebeli did friad zecaTa keTil da ukeTess yo-velTa zeda”6

iona xelaSvilis warmodgeniT ~RmerTi aris Tqven Soris, araTu mxolod sulebTa Sina,

aramed yovelTad yovlisa Sina, wevrTa da asoTa Sina TqvenTa da ufroisRa celebTa Sina da

ar ZaluZs TviT myofsa Tvisi dasasruli”.7 iona xelaSvilis msoflmxedvelobis dasaxasiaTeblad sayuradReboa traqtati, ro-

melsac ewodeba ~filosofiuri kiTxva-migebani”, sasuliero xasiaTs atarebs misi avtobi-

ografiuli Txzuleba ~ronini”. avtoris azriT, TxzulebaSi moTxrobili mTeli rigi ambe-

bi rogorc piradi ise zogadi RvTis nebiT xdeba.

6 T. kukava. s. dodaSvilis ritorika. saiubileo krebuli miZRvnili s. dodaSvilis 180 wlisTa-

visadmi. gv. 52. 1986 w. 7 iqve. gv. 52.


33

solomon dodaSvilis msoflmxedveloba kargad Cans mis ~ritorikaSi”, sadac bevri sa-intereso Sexeduleba aqvs gamoTqmuli. iona xelaSvilis mier solomon dodaSvilisadmi mi-

weril erT-erT werilSi igi rCeva darigebas aZlevs dodaSvils, rogori unda iyos ritori-

ka, werilidan, iseve rogorc ritorikidan Cans, solomoni iTvaliswinebda ionas rCevas,

magram msoflmxedvelobidan gamomdinare mTlad ar mihyveba mis naazrevs. solomon dodaSvilma Tavis TxzulebaSi ar Seitana araferi RvTismetyveluri, rasac

ase daJinebiT urCevda iona, samagierod man daasaxela qarTveli moRvaweni antoni, ioane

petriwi da, Tavis mxriv, daumata iona, romelsac zemoT dasaxelebul moazrovneebze ara-

nakleb pativs scemda, rogorc moRvawesa da did patriots. swored iona xelaSvilTan misma siaxlovem ganapiroba qarTuli filosofiuri Zeglebis codna.

solomon dodaSvilis azriT, filosofia, rogorc mecniereba, moicavs sam sferos: zo-

gad Teorias, Semmecneblisa da Sesamcneblis Sesaxeb, eTikas da esTetikas. pirveli aris go-

nebis swavla, meore-gulis, mesame-grZnobisa. iseve rogorc adamianis goneba, guli da grZnoba erT mTlians qmnis, aseve erT mTlian sistemas warmoadgens filosofia. qedan cxa-

dia, rom am sami momentis centraluri sakiTxi adamians ukavSirdeba, amitom adamiania fi-

losofiis ZiriTadi problema da sagani anu, rogorc solomon dodaSvili wers: ~filoso-

fiaSi Semmecnebeli piri da Semecnebis umTavresi sagani adamiania”.8 amitom filosofia aris mecniereba adamianis moqmedebis rogorc subieqturi, ise obieqturi safuZvlebis Sesaxeb.

solomon dodaSvilis azriT, garemomcvel samyaros sakuTari wesrigi aqvs, romlis mi-

xedviTac igi adamians warmoudgeba, rogorc ~urTierTobaTa sistema, romelSic yvelaferi

gazomili, awonili da aRricxulia”.9

filosofias saqme aqvs cnebebTan, romlebic sagnebidan gvaqvs miRebuli, vinaidan cne-bebi adamianSia, mis cnobierebaSia, amitom solomon dodaSvili gamoTqvams azrs, rom ~fi-

losofosoba... niSnavs yuradReba mivapyroT Tavis Tavs, CavwvdeT Tavis Tavs, raTa gamovic-

noT da gavigoT TviT Cveni Tavi da am gziT davadginoT samyaro CvenSi da CvenTan.”10

iona xelaSvilis da solomon dodaSvilis filosofiur SexedulebaTa gansxvaveba sru-liad bunebrivad gamoCndeba, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im garemoebas, rom solomon dodaSvi-

lis msoflmxedveloba ruseTisa da dasavleT evropis uaxlesi filosofiis gavleniT Camo-

yalibda. man kargad icoda rusuli ena, peterburgis inteligenciis wreSi trialebda, da-

debiTad iyo ganwyobili progresulad moazrovneebisadmi, is Tavisi epoqis Svili iyo da, maSasadame, iziarebda kidec misi drois msoflmxedvelobas.

aRsaniSnavia, rom am periodSi Teologiuri filosofiis SesaZleblobani mcirdeboda,

xolo sabunebismetyvelo kvleva-Ziebaze aRmocenebuli aTeizmi iyo azrovnebisTvis gezis

mimcemi. swored es momentia dakavSirebuli solomon dodaSvilis saxelTan. iona xelaSvili im droisaTvis Rrmad ganaTlebuli adamiani, agreTve kargad icnobda

imdroindel rusul da msoflio azrovnebasa, kulturas, magram misi sidiade swored imaSi

Cans, rom man ar gadauxvia Tavis msoflmxedvelobas, metic igi kritikas ar iSurebda aTeis-

tebis da naturalistebis mimarT. iona xelaSvili Tavisi saazrovno viTarebisaTvis kargad momzadebuli, amave dros energiuli da aqtiuri kaci iyo. mas didi paTosi axasiaTebda

rwmenis dacvisa da qadagebis saqmeSic — ~filosofosis simdidrea msaxureba RvTisao” —

werda iona.

mkvlevari nino maxaTaZe marTebulad SeniSnavs: rom marTalia, iona xelaSvili wminda

Teologiuri Txzulebebis avtoria, magram es faqti ar gvgonia uflebas gvaZlevdes masze

8 s. dodaSvili `logika” gv. 12. 9 s. dodaSvili, `logika” gv. 29. 10 s. dodaSvili `logika” gv. 11.


34

vTqvaT, rom iona xelaSvilis saxiT ~saqme gvaqvs garkveul warmomadgenelTan im Teologi-uri reaqcionuli mimdinareobisa, romelic gaafTrebiT ebrZoda qarTuli azris ganviTa-

rebas rusuli mowinave azrebis zegavleniT materialisturi filosofiis miRwevaTa SeTvi-

sebisaken”,11 rogorc am azrs profesori Salva nucubiZe gamoTqvamda. aq sayuradReboa is

faqti, rom im periodSi,(sabWoTa) rodesac moRvaweobda profesori nucubiZe uRmerToba da RvTis gmoba kanonier cxovrebas niSnavda. vfiqrob, amiT iyo gamowveuli Salva nucubi-

Zis gadaWarbebuli kritika xelaSvilis reaqcionerobis Sesaxeb.

RmerTis rwmenis sakiTxze filosofosebs Soris mudam azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa. sxva da

sxva iyo iona xelaSvilisa da solomon dodaSvilis msoflmxedveloba. Tumca unda iTqvas, rom warmodgena RvTismetyvelebaze, anu Teologiaze ganicdis evolucias. amazec SeiZleba

iyos damokidebuli filosofosTa naazrevi.

iona xelaSvili erT-erT Tavis werilSi dodaSvilisadmi werda: ~saxeli Seni aRwerili

iqneba wignebSi, xolo Sens saflavze aRimarTeba Zeglebi, Seni genialurobis da mTeli ive-riisadmi damsaxurebis mauwyeblad”.12

dodaSvilis Zeglebi ionas uSualo daxmarebiT da xelSewyobiT, marTalia saflavze

ara, magram mis samSobloSi aRimarTa da man daimkvidra saxeli ~ganmanaTlebeli”.

TviT ionas didi literaturuli memkvidreobidan gamocemuli ar aris arc erTi Zegli, amitom kvlav ZalaSi rCeba solomonisadmi mis mier miwerili sityvebi: ~(Cemi wignebio) xvim-

rsa queSe arian umsaxurod ZmiTa da erisa, ara mivian Semweni da cenzurni gamCxrekni, raTam-

ca ganmemravlebina”.

savsebiT veTanxmebi qalbaton nino maxaTaZes, romelic mwuxarebas gamoTqvams iona xe-

laSvilis TxzulebaTa gamocemis Taobaze da survils gamoTqvams, ionas, rogorc WeSmari-ti patriotis, sazogado moRvawis saTanado pativis migebisaTvis.

vfiqrob, kargi iqneba saqarTvelos sapatriarqo kidev erTxel, gaecnos iona beris

cxovrebas da moRvaweobas ufro safuZvlianad da Tumca dagvianebiT, magram mainc daisvas

misi wmindanad Seracxvis sakiTxi.


1. S. nucubiZe. qarTuli filosofiis istoria t. II.

2. T. kukava. s. dodaSvilis ritorika. 1986 w.

3. s. dodaSvili, `logika”.

4. saiubileo krebuli miZRvnili s. dodaSvilis 180 wlisTavisadmi. 1986 w. 5. n. maxaTaZe, `iona xelaSvilis `ronini”korneli kekeliZis saiubileo krebuli.

11 S. nucubiZe, qarTuli filosofiis istoria, t. II gv. 458-59. 12 a. amirxanova, s. dodaSvilis filosofiur-ideuri wyaroebi. saiubileo krebuli, gv.80 1986 w.

humanitaruli mecnierebani: literaturaTmcodneoba, enaTmecniereba, folklori

35


qeTevan maridaSvili ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis


Sorisdebuli internetsivrceSi

xelmZRvaneli profesori: nino SaraSeniZe

Sorisdebuli hqvia bgeras, bgeraTa kompleqss an sityvas, romelic adamians aRmoxdeba

piridan bunebis ama Tu im movlenis Tu sazogadoebriv urTierTobaTa romelime konkretu-

li viTarebis gancdis gamo, romelic mokle, swrafi da uSualo gamoZaxilia am gancdisa. So-risdebuli Tavisi daniSnulebiT utoldeba sityvas, winadadebas. is intonaciurad mdidari

da mravalferovania, rac ganpirobebulia TviT bunebis movlenebisa da sazogadoebriv ur-

TierTobaTa mravalferovnebiT.

Sorisdebuli metyvelebis nawilebSi pirvelad romaelma gramatikosebma Seitanes. Sorisdebuli, rogorc metyvelebis nawili, Taviseburia specifikuri semantikisa da

formis mixedviT. amiT igi mkveTrad gansxvavdeba sxva metyvelebis nawilebisagan. winadade-

bis organizmSi Sorisdebulis ucxooba naTlad da srulad aisaxeba imiT, rom is aris

grZnobisa da ara warmodgenis niSani. yvela danarCeni sityva enaSi warmodgenis niSania.

Sorisdebulis specifikuri xasiaTi, droTa ganmavlobaSi, ganapirobebda mis Sesaxeb ga-moTqmul azrTa sxvadasxvaobas. mecnierTa erTi jgufi (m. lomonosovi, a, vostokovi, f. bus-

laevi da sxva) Sorisdebuls Tvlis damoukidebel metyvelebis nawilad. meoreni (k. aksako-

vi...) amtkiceben, rom Sorisdebuli ar aris sityva da amitom igi ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos mety-

velebis nawilad. am Sexedulebis mimdevari, bogorodic ki wers: „warmoSobiT, Sorisdebule-bi warmoadgenen refleqtorul bgerebs, romlebic gamowveulia ama Tu im Zlieri emociuri

mdgomareobiT. magaliTad, tkivilis, sixarulis grZnobiT. enis Semdgomi ganviTarebis pro-

cesSi isini xdebian emociis gamomxatveli sityvieri wamoZaxilis simboloebi“.

Sorisdebuli, rogorc termini, qarTul gramatikul literaturaSi anton pirvelis-gan momdinareobs. igi rTulfuZiani sityvaa da Sedgeba ori nawilisagan Soris+debuli.

qarTveli gramatikosebi ZiriTadad am termins xmaroben.

Sorisdebuli farTodaa gavrcelebuli qarTul enaSi. a. SaniZe gamoyofs Sorisdebul-

Ta sam Sinaarsobriv jgufs: 1. Sorisdebulebi, romlebic ama Tu im grZnobis gamoZaxils warmoadgenen;

2. Sorisdebulebi, romlebic gamoxataven ficils, alerss;

3. Sorisdebulebi,romlebic moubris nebadsurvils asaxaven.

Tanamedrove qarTul enaSi SorisdebulTa gamoyenebis sixSire izrdeba. iqmneba axali Sinaarsis mqone Sorisdebulebi, romlebic ucxo enis gavleniT Semodian da adgils imkvid-

reben ara marto zepir metyvelebaSi, aramed mxatvrul literaturaSi, mokle teqstur

Setyobinebebsa da rac mTavaria, isini farTod vrceldeba socialur qselSi, kerZod ki

sxvadasxva forumSi. e.w „forumis ena“ gansxvavebuli da SeZlebisdagvarad gamartivebulia.

amitomacaa, rom emociis gamomxatveli Sorisdebuli aq advilad imkvidrebs adgils. inter-


36

netsivrceSi maT uamrav saxesxvaobas vxvdebiT, ris safuZvelezec SesaZlebelia Sorisde-bulTa klasifikacia.

internetsivrceSi warmodgenili Sorisdebulebis analizis dros unda gaviTvaliswi-

noT, rom zogierTi Sorisdebuli Seicavs iseT bgeras, romelic saliteraturo enaSi xmare-

buli asoebiT ver gadmoicema, ris gamoc, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, aseT bgeras an miaxloe-biT gadmoscemen, an saerTod gamotoveben xolme. erTnairad daweril Sorisdebulebs zog-

jer sxvadasxva mniSvneloba aqvT da gamoTqmac gansxvavebuli, magram weris dros yovel-

Tvis ar aisaxeba gansxvaveba. gamoTqmuli Sorisdebulis emociis gageba ufro adviladaa Se-

saZlebeli, vidre asoebiT Cawerili Sorisdebulisa, radgan Sorisdebulis warmoTqmas Tan sdevs intonacia, Jestdmimika, romlebic azusteben mis mniSvnelobas. xolo werilobiTi sa-

xiT warmogenili Sorisdebulis Sinaars konteqstidan gamomdinare vxvdebiT.

internetsivrceSi mravladaa iseTi Sorisdebulebi, romlebsac aqvT viTarebaTa Sesa-

bamisobis farTo diapazoni. am tips miekuTvneba „au“ Sorisdebuli. misi meSveobiT emociis dadgena, verbaluri urTierTobisas, mxolod konteqstis saSualebiT SeiZleba. es Soris-

debuli erT SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba iyos aRtacebis, gaocebis gamomxatveli, magaliTad, „auu,

es ra magari CanTa giyidia“. xolo meore SemTxvevaSi, frazaSi „au“ Sorisdebulis saSuale-

biT melanqoliuri ganwyobileba gamoixatos. magaliTad, „auu raa, ratom ver migebs vera-vin?“.

aseTive tipis Sorisdebulebia „ui“, romelsac xSirad iyenebs internetmomxmarebeli

sakuTari gancdis gamosaxatavad. „ui, me mapatieT, mgoni warmodgenis unari davkarge“. „ui“

Sorisdebuli gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobiT aris gamoyenebuli Semdeg magaliTSi: „ui, ra

kargad mogifiqrebia“. „vaime“ metad saintereso Sorisdebulia semantikis TvalsazrisiT. is ori komponen-

tisgan Sedgeba vai+me. Zveli qarTulisTvis „vai“ Sorisdebuli ucxo ar iyo. is gamoxatavda

mZime emociur gancdas. masze darTuli me piris nacvalsaxeli ki kidev ufro amZafrebda

uaryofiT emocias, Tumca droTa ganmavlobaSi „vaime“ Sorisdebulis semantikuri mniSvne-loba gafarTovda da man sasixarulo gancdis gamoxatvis funqciac SeiTvasa. internetsiv-

rceSi „vaime“ Sorisdebuli orive mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba. magaliTad, „vaime, sagnebze ukve

Sevsebula adgilebi“, da „vaime, rogor gamaxare.“ „vaime“ Sorisdebulis msgavsad aris Seq-

mnili „uime“ Sorisdebulic d ui+me. „uime, ra ubedurebaa“. Sinaarsoblivad mravalferovani Sorisdebulia „hm“. igi gamoxatavs: mixvedrasd „hm,

mere mere“, dacinvasd „hm, ra unda velaparako“, eWvs „hm, kalkuluss Cavabareb neta?“, sina-

nuls „hm, arada patiosani azrebi mawuxebda“, gakvirvebas „hm, amas raRa unda?“. „hm“ Soris-

debuli aseve gamoxatavs kmayofilebas, mrisxanebas, wyenas. rogorc vxedavT, internetsiv-rceSi misi mniSvneloba, imis mixedviT icvleba, Tu ra konteqstSia naxmari, xolo metyvele-

bis dros, „hm“ Sorisdebuls Tan axlavs sxvadasxvagvari Jest-mimika: Tavis gaqneva, mxris

aweva, ironiuli Rimili da sxva.

forumebSi, rogorc ukve aRvniSne, gamoiyofa SorisdebulTa erTi jgufi, romlebic fonemaTa SemadgenlobiT mkveTrad gansxvavdebian metyvelebis dros gamoTqmuli imave So-

risdebulebisgan. rodesac ver xerxdeba Sorisdebulis sizustiT dawera, maSin individi

cdilobs moiSvelios iseTi asoebi, romlebic miaxloebiT mainc gadmoscemen sasurvel So-

risdebuls. amis safuZvelze Cndeba erTi da imave Sorisdebulis ramdenime nairsaxeoba. ma-

galiTad, „uf“, „uh“, „ux“. qarTul enaSi ar arsebobs fonema “f”, amitomacaa, rom vambobT `uf” Sorisdebuls da vwerT f-is magivrad fonemas:“f“, „h“ an „x“. amis damadasturebel ma-

galiTebs internetsivrceSi xSirad vxvdebiT. magaliTad, „uuf, mainc gamaRizianes raa“,

„uh, gaixare“.


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forumebSi xSirad gamoiyeneba Sorisdebuli „nw“, Tumca fonemaTa amgvari mimdevroba zustad ar aRniSnavs sasurvel Sorisdebuls. igi Tvisi mniSvnelobiT udris „ara“-s, xolo

misi ramdenjerme gameoreba ki sinanuls gamoxatavs. magaliTad, „nwnw, es Cems fotos akad-

re?“. „hah“ Sorisdebuli garSemomyofTa sicils, xSirad qedmaRlur dacinvas gamoxatavs.

„hah, es ras gavs?!“

Tanamedrove qarTul enaSi uamravi Sorisdebuli damkvidrda inglisuri enis zegavle-

niT. magaliTad: „hm“, „uh“, „oh“, „hei“, „o“, „ah“. internetsivrceSi didi sixSiriT gvxvdeba Sorisdebuli „vau“ (ing. „wow“), romelic

aseve inglisuri enidan SeiTvisa Tanamedrove qarTulma enam. es Sorisdebuli gamoxatavs

aRtacebas, gaocebas. „vau, ra lamazi suraTia“.

„bravo“ rusuli enidan Semosuli Sorisdebulia. is gamoxatavs aRtacebul SeZaxils.

rusuli enidanaa aseve Semosuli Sorisdebulebi: „ax“, „nu“, „ura“ da sxva. TiToeuli maTga-ni didi sixSiriT gvxvdeba internetsivrceSi.

nebismier msjelobas, romelic mimdinareobs socialur qselSi, kerZod ki forumSi,

Tan sdevs emociuri xasiaTis warmoCena. xSirad forumis momxmareblebi erTmaneTs Soris-

debulebis daxmarebiT TanaugrZnoben, dascinian, amxneveben, mianiSneben, rom maTi msjelo-ba miuRebelia, an piriqiT, Zalian sainteresoa. e.i, Sorisdebuli aris is, romelsac adamiani

mimarTavs yvela viTarebaSi, rodesac sakuTari grZnobis, emociis, damokidebulebis gamo-

xatva surs. xSirad es yvelaze ukeT gadmoscems saTqmels da mTqmelis emociuri ganwyobi-

lebac advilad iSifreba. forumisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli ar aris oficialuri enis gamoyeneba, radganac masSi

arsebuli Temebi sociumis yoveli wevrisTvis unda iyos misawvdomi da advilad gasagebi.

forumSi, ama Tu im adresatisTvis, sasurvelia Cveulebrivi, sasaubro enis gamoyeneba, rad-

ganac am SemTxvevaSi komunikacia advilad myardeba. amaSi ki, garkveulwilad, Sorisdebu-lic gvexmareba, radganac is adresatis emocias, grZnobas, gancdas, ganwyobas yvelaze ukeT

warmoaCens. Sorisdebuls ar sWirdeba axsna. or an met komunikants Soris arasodes arcer-

Ti maTgani ar ikiTxavs Tu ras niSnavs warmoTqmuli esa Tu is Sorisdebuli, radgan masSi ga-

moixateba mTqmelis mTeli emocia, romlis warmosaCenad xSirad sityvebi sakmarisi ar aris. yovelive amis dasamtkiceblad forumi savsea magaliTebiT.

Tbilisis forumSi (http://forum.ge/) iyo erTderTi Tema: „religia da filosofia“, sadac

forumis wevrebi erTmaneTs uziarebdnen sakuTar emociebs. „eh, cudia, Tema Zalian pasiu-

robs“, „au, xalxo, yurani minda da sad viSovo?“, „eh, giorgi, intrignobaSi Cempioni xar raa“, „ox, eg Suriani adamiani“, „au, wreze nu matrialeb“, „oi, Sen ra giTxari raa“.

Tsu-s studentur forumzec (http://forum.tsu.ge) SorisdebulTa uamrav saxesxvaobas

vxvdebiT. magaliTad, erTderTi Temidan — „studentTa pretenziebi“ — moviyvanoT Semdegi

magaliTebi: „vaime, damlageblebi ar momwons maRlivSi“, „au, normaluri da mowesrigebuli cxrili meRirseba odesme?“, „ooo maRlivis biblioTeka momwons“, „euh, damatbiT gamocda-

ze rame aris gadasaxadi?“

„Tsu-s studenturma forumma“(http://forum.tsu.ge) gamoaqveyna Tema „sayvareli Sorisde-buli“, sadac warmodgenilia internetsivrceSi gamoyenebul SorisdebulTa sia. aRmoCnda,

rom yvelaze didi popularobiT sargeblobs Semdegi Sorisdebulebi: „au“, „aha“, „aa“, „ee“,

„ui“, „uuh“, „hmm“, „vaime“, „uime“, „nw“, „vaa“, „ooo“, „eeh“, „oh“, „vau“, „fuuh“, „oho“, „bravo“,

maTgan: „aha“ gamoiyeneba: ki-s, ho-s da diaxdis magivrad; „aha, Zalian kargi“;


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„uuh“ — dazarebis gamomxatvelia, uaris Tqmas udris: „uuh, xval universitetSi ar wa-val“;

„aa“ — mixvedras gamoxatavs: „aa, gasagebia rasac gulisxmob“;

„ee” — sinanuls: „ee, arada mindoda mosvla“;

„nw“ — uaryofas; „vaa“ — gaocebas, aRtacebas: „vaa, ra sapatio adgili daikava Cemma Temam“;

„fuuh“ — zizRis gamomxatvelia: „fuuh, ra saSineli amindia“;

„ooo“— Cafiqrebas: „oo, saintereso sakiTxia“;

„eeh“ — dananebas, wuxils: „eeh, ra cudad maqvs saqme“; „oh“ — dazarebas („oh, ra dros inglisuria“), an gaocebas („oh, ra ideebi

gawuxebs“) gamoxatavs;

„oho“ — gakvirvebas, gaocebas: „oho, amas uyureT erTi“.

dasaxelebuli Sorisdebulebis Sinaarsis mravalferovneba kidev erTxel miuTiTebs imaze, rom maTi analizis dros gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs imas, Tu ra konteqstSia gamo-

yenebuli esa Tu is Sorisdebuli. aRsaniSnavia, rom dasaxelebul Sorisdebulebs inter-

netsivrceSi xSirad enacvleba e.w „smailebi“, romlebic aseve emociis gamomxatvelni arian,

Tumca Sorisdebulebisgan gansxvavebiT, isini mxolod adamianis ama Tu im mimikis amsaxveli

xat-simboloebia, ((,(R) romelTa aRqma mxolod Tvals SeuZlia. maTi asoebiT Cawera ver xer-

xdeba.

internetsivrceSi warmodgenili SorisdebulTa analizi cxadhyofs, rom Tanamedrove

qarTuli ena TandaTanobiT mdidrdeba axali SorisdebulebiT, rac ganpirobebulia axali leqsikuri erTeulebis warmoqmnis safuZvelze an romelime ucxo enis gavlenis wyalobiT.

Tanamedrove qarTul enaSi daikarga SorisdebulTa garkveuli raodenoba, romlebic ga-

sul saukuneebSi xSiri moxmarebis obieqti iyo. magaliTad, „abaime“, „viS“, „apa“, „vahme“,

„ololo“ da sxva. amasTanave zogierTma Sorisdebulma SeiZina sxva mniSvnelobebic, ro-gorc es moxda „vaime“-s SemTxvevaSi.

gamoyenebuli literatura.

1. gaCeCilaZe, o. Sorisdebuli axal saliteraturo qarTulSi, Tbilisi, 1979.

2. JRenti, s. Sorisdebuli axal saliteraturo qarTulSi: qarTvelur enaTa fonetikis

sakiTxebi, Tbilisi, 1965. 3. SaniZe, a. qarTuli enis gramatikis safuZvlebi, Tbilisi, 1973.

4. interneti: http://forum.tsu.ge, http://forum.ge/.


39

elene kiknaZe ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis


sicocxlis xis variantebi qarTul kulturaSi


sicocxlis xe msoflio wesrigis simboluri saxea rogorc qarTuli, aseve sxva Zvel

xalxTa miTologiuri warmodgenebis mixedviT. igi dgas samyaros centrSi da ganasaxierebs

samyaros mTlianobas. `rogorc kosmiuri RerZi, aerTianebs sam sknels” (5. gv. 137), kosmosis

sam sartyels - fesvebi moqceulia qvesknelSi, tani sknelze (miwaze) dgas, xolo wveri zeca-Sia, riTac igi gansxvavdeboda qaosisagan. es aris adgili, saidanac daiwyo sivrcis gan-

vrcoba anu cisa da miwis daSoriSoreba, esaa adgili sadac Sesaqmis aqti ganxorcielda.

cxovrebis xis simbolikas zoomorfuli da anTropomorfuli xasiaTi aqvs: wversa da

tans gamoxatavdnen frinvelisa da cxovelis saxiT an adamianis saxiT, fesvebs anu qves-knels ganasaxierebda Tevzi, qvewarmavali.

Sumerul eposSi aRniSnuli koncefcia naTladaa Camoyalibebuli, `odesRac xe erTi,

alvis xe erTi, xe erTi, / wminda buranunas (evfrati) piras darguliyo ... / mis ZirSi gvelma

mounusxvelma daibuda, / mis rtoebSi frTosanma anzudma bartyebi dasxa, / mis SuagulSi qalwulma liliTma saxli gaikeTa” (5. gv. 108).

miTologiur azrovnebaSi sicocxlis xe warmodgenili hqondaT cis sayrdenad, mnaTob-

Ta sadgurad da RvTaebaTa mSoblad.

miTologiaSi arsebobs msoflio xis Sebrunebuli saxec, roca xes fesvebi caSi aqvs, totebi ki, Sesabamisad, miwaSi. xis horizontaluri sqemis gamosaxvisas xSirad gamoiyeneba

ori horizontaluri RerZis gadakveTa. warmoqmnili oTxi mxare qveynierebis oTx mxares-

Tanaa dakavSirebuli.

sicocxlis xis variantebia: sveti, romelsac eyrdnoba cargvali; koSki, cidan daSvebu-

li jaWvi iremi uzarmazari datotvili rqebiT, romlebic camde aRwevs da a.S. miTologiu-ri mTa, taZari, kibe, jaWvi, jvari msoflio xis erTgvar izofunqciur simboloebs warmoad-

gens. `msoflio xe mraval Zvel kulturul xalxebSi, maT Soris Zvel egviptelebSi, mzesTan

iyo asocirebuli. kalpiani CiCilakic amgvar koncefcias asaxavs” (2. gv. 82; 17. ст. 44-45) . kavkasiel xalxTa kosmogoniuri warmodgenebis mixedviT, xmeleTs mrgvali forma aqvs

da garSemortymulia zRviT an mTebiT. samyaros kideze dgas cxovrebis xe. msgavsi xedvaa

Sumerul miTosSic — rodesac gilgameSi qveynierebis kidesTan midis da igi Semdeg suraTs

ixilavs: `raTa moexila aRralTa baRi: / nayofs dauxunZlavs xeni Zowisa, / vazic mohxvevia xilvad keTili. / mwvaned SefoTlila xe safironisa, nayofi asxia xilvad saamuri” (5. gv. 83).

cxovrebis xe vertikalurad aerTebs cas, miwas da miwisqwveSeTs. samyaroTa Soris kav-

Siri myardeba agreTve jadosnuri cxovelebis, frinvelebis, fantastikuri arsebebis

(gmirTa raSebi, arwivebi, TeTri da Savi cxvrebi, devebi, qajebi da a. S. ) meSveobiT.

sicocxlis xis simbolikis sakralur mniSvnelobas sicocxle da umaRlesi mizani - uk-vdaveba warmoadgens.


40

qarTveli xalxis warmodgeniT saxlis kera, dedaboZi da gvirgvini erT kompleqss Se-adgenda da wmindad iyo miCneuli. cxovrebis xis simbolod dedaboZi iTvleboda. xalxuri

warmodgeniT igi ise ebjineboda gvirgvins, rogorc sicocxlis xe cas.

wminda svetebis Tayvaniscema xis kults, sicocxlis xis motivs ukavSirdeba. dedaboZze

gamosaxavdnen geometriul ornamentebs, frinvelebs, cxovelebs, adamianis xels, sxvadas-xva tipis jvars, mzes, borjRalas da sxva.

xeTa TayvaniscemasTan unda iyos dakavSirebuli xevsurTa saxlis Tavxec, `romelsac

kezi ewodeba. kezi Zalian msxvili xea da Zirs boZebi udgas. igi mTel saxls amagrebs da ami-

tom saxlis mTavar sayrdenad iTvleba (9. gv. 175-176., 10. gv. 59). am warmodgenebs ukavSirdeba rwmena xis da tyeebis zebunebrivi Zalis Sesaxeb. Crdilo-

kavasieli xalxebi (afxazebi, adiRebi, daRestnelebi) Tayvans scemdnen xeebs da msxverpls

swiravdnen.

sicocxlis xis simbolika xSirad iyo aRreuli cnobadis xis simbolikaSi. TavisTavad cnobadis xis simbolika sakmaod Zvelia da man zneobrivi funqcia mogvianebiT SeiZina. cno-

badis xis saxecvlili variantia dRes mTel msoflioSi farTod gavrcelebuli saSobao naZ-

vis xec. Tavdapirvelad mas vaSlebiT rTavdnen. mogvianebiT vaSlebi sxvadasxva saxis saTa-

maSoebma da mosarTavebma Secvala. qarTul miTologiur gadmocemebSi mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia sakralur xesa da mas-

Tan dakavSirebul rwmena-warmodgenebs. saqarTvelos sxvadasxva mxareSi wminda xed iTvle-

boda: muxa, cacxvi, vazi, tirifi, alva, ifani, urTxeli, bza, da a. S. warmarTi qarTvelebi

Tayvans scemdnen muxas. maTi warmodgeniT, muxa moiazreboda rogorc nayofierebis, siux-

vis, baraqisa da janmrTelobis simbolo. argonavtebis miTSi oqros sawmisi muxazea Camokidebuli (am mxriv saintereso parale-

li Cndeba xeTur miTTan, Telifinus Sesaxeb — mokvdavi da aRorZinebadi RvTaebis - Teli-

finus win - `aRmarTulia(maradmwvane) xe eia, romelzec hkidia cxvris tyavi~ (sawmisi). (3. gv.

166), sawmisi ki nayofierebis, gamravlebis, dRegrZelobis da yovelive sikeTis simboloa.. sainteresoa aseve, rom miTosi wminda xes xan muxad da xan alvad moixseniebs. `sawmisi eias

xeze (urTxelze) hkidia” (3. gv. 167). qarTul sinamdvileSi analogiuri datvirTvis mqonea

laxamulaSi wminda xis kulti girgediT d mzis niSniT. gavrcelebulia azri, rom es garkve-

uli sakraluri aqti iyo. igive mniSvneloba aqvs dRemde SemorCenil wess saRvTo muxaze (cacxvze, ifanze) jixvis Tu irmis rqebis mikvras, feradi naWrebis Camokidebas.

muxa nayofierebisa da sicocxlis momniWebel Zalad iyo miCneuli. muxis kultis kvali

Cans uZveles TqmulebebSi, zRaprebsa da qarTul xalxur simRerebSi: “mumli muxasao gars

exveodao, / mumli hqrebodao, mumli wydebodao, / xe ar xmebodao” (16. gv. 7). qarTul xalxur simReraSi - `mumli muxasao” bevri saintereso simboluri saxea: „muxi-

sa nadgomsa Zirsa, mamli muxasao, /Sigac rom wyali dgeboda, mamli muxasao, /iqac rom Tevzi

Cndeboda, mamli muxasao /imasac xom daWera unda, mamli muxasao, /riTa da riTa Sen, biWo, mamli muxasao, /riTa

da moses badiTa, mamli muxasao / ... RmerTman yvelani mogaswroT, mamli muxasao aRdgoma--

qristeSobasa, mamli muxasao“. simReraSi sainteresoa Tevzis gaCenis momentic. aq Tevzi,

iseve, rogorc muxa Zvel miTologiaSi gardacvlili da mkvdreTiT aRmdgari nayofierebis

RvTaebis simboloa (Tevzi xelaxali dabadebis simboloa). qristianul literaturaSi ieso

qriste pirdapiraa moxseniebuli „Tevzad“. saqarTveloSi wminda xeTa Soris yvelaze ufro gavrcelebuli muxisa da cacxvis Tay-

vaniscema iyo: “uzarmazari muxa dgas ... uzarmazari cacxvi dgas” (15. gv. 131). qarTuli gad-

mocema movgiTxrobs, rom mcxeTis sveticxovlis eklesiis adgilze Zvelad mdgara uzarma-


41

zari wminda muxa, romelsac xalxi Tayvans scemda. mefis gaqristianebis Semdeg muxa mouW-riaT da mis adgilze jer xis, Semdeg ki qvis eklesia auSenebiaT.

martvilis eklesiis daarsebis legendis mixedviT, dRevandeli martvilis taZris adgi-

las wminda muxis xe mdgara, romelic andria pirvelwodebuls mouWrevinebia da mis adgil-

ze martvilis saxeliT cnobili eklesia auSenebiaT. muxisa da cacxvis Tayvaniscemaze metyvelebs geografiuli terminebic. aRsaniSnavia

«rkoni» da «Wyondidi». saxelwodeba «rkoni» migvaniSnebs, rom aq cacxvze adre muxis

Tayvaniscema unda yofiliyo gavrcelebuli. imereTSi cacxvis SeSad moWra didi codva yo-

fila. im adgilebSi ki sadac eklesia ar iyo, mis magivrobas cacxvis xeebi swevdnen. alvis xe, rogorc wminda, sakraluri da gamorCeuli, mravladaa qarTul zRaprebSi

(`wiqara”), aseve xalxur poeziaSi: `Sig alvis xe amosula, iav naninao, / totebi aqvs nargizi-

so, vardo naninao” (16. gv. 9-10).

`sakraluri xeebidan, fSavSi cnobilia laSaris muxa, xolo xevsureTSi — xmalas alvis-xe” (1. gv. 22). svaneTSi ki gvxvdeba aswlovani xeebiT dafaruli adgilebi, saidanac nafotis

gamotanac ki RvTis risxvas iwvevda (ufali moavlenda uCveulod msxvil setyvas). svaneTSi

aseT wminda xeebad iTvleboda fiWvi, naZvi, kedari (kedari aseve wminda xea `gilgameSianSi”).

maTTvis Sesawiravic ki mihqondaT da iqve loculobdnen, `wyalTa kurTxevis dRes aq jer naZvis xe Camoivlis, mere — alvisa” (15. gv. 122).

maradmwvane urTxelis kulti saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi arsebobda. es xe TiT-

qmis yvelgan gvxvdeba gansxvavebuli saxelwodebiT. samegreloSi arsebobda dResaswauli —

`urTxaoba”, romelic gazafxulze tardeboda. xesTan mihqondaT mWadis fqvilisa da Rer-

Rilisagan gamomcxavari kverebi, romelTac urTxelis wiwvs urevdnen. am kverebs acxob-dnen rogorc Svilebis, ise xis saxelze da loculobdnen.

urTxeli wminda xed iyo miCneuli fSavSic. misi xelis xleba da moWra sastikad ikrZa-

leboda. urTxels salocavTan axlos rgavdnen. igi dakavSirebuli iyo micvalebulis kul-

tTanac. fSavSi gavrcelebuli wes-Cveulebis Tanaxmad, Tu vinme ikargeboda, mis saxelze moWridnen mis simaRle urTxels da ritualis gaTvaliswinebiTa da yvela wesis dacviT dak-

rZalavdnen.

sainteresoa Subnuris xatis daarsebis Sesaxeb arsebuli gadmocema: moSuRle xevsur-

Tagan daCagrul pirs, romelic ucxo rjulisa yofila da TuSeTidan Camosaxlebula xevsu-reTSi, Tavis damcvelad TuSeTidan wamouRia am jvris sakuTreba, vercxlis Tasi da imaT

saxlSi Caumarxavs, visac mtrobda. amis Semdeg im ojaxSi keris SuaSi amosula ifnis xe, ro-

melic mouWriaT da gadaugdiaT. meore dilas xe isev amosula, isev mouWriaT. mesame diliT

xes gveli amohyolia. iq Subnuris jvari daarsebula. qarTuli miTi icnobs wminda xis iseT saxesac rogoricaa xmeli fiWvi. aRniSnuli simbo-

luri xatis semantika Semdegia: “moWrili xmeli xe gamosaxavs sulieri Zalebisagan daclil

cnobierebas, anu bibliur enaze — sicocxlis xis Zalebisagan mowyvetas, gamxmar xe — cno-

bads” (11. gv. 31). fSavlebis warmodgeniT laSaris jvris muxa zecasTan oqros SibiT (oqros jaWvi) iyo

dakavSirebuli. angelozebi Camodiodnen da xis kenweroze sxdebodnen xolme.

`bermuxa... fSauri andrezis mixedviT wminda muxa, romlis saSualebiTac laSaris wm.

giorgi morige RmerTis karamde adioda...” (4. gv. 44).

RvTaebis samyofels warmoadgens laSaris muxa. igi ara marto RvTaebis sadgomad gvev-lineba, aramed sicocxlis xis motivsac ukavSirdeba. mTaze dgas muxa, muxaze kibea Sedgmu-

li, kibis TavSi RvTisSvilia, romelic SibiT, sakidiT aris gamobmuli cas. igi am gziT midis

saymos mier Sewiruli ZRveniT morige RmerTTan. RvTisSvili Suamavalia casa da miwas So-


42

ris, igi aris is Sibi, romelic samyarosa da morige RmerTs erTmaneTs ukavSirebs. qarTuli leqsi ase gviambobs ambavs: `beri giorgi mec viyav, cas vebi oqros SibiTa, / xmelgorze medga

bermuxa, zed avdiodi kibiTa” (4. gv. 113).

gadmocemebSi xSirad gvxvdeba sasicocxlo substanciis sxva matareblebic. mag.: nayo-

fi — broweuli (mogvianebiT igi vaSlma Secvala), romelic ukvdavebisa da xeldasxmis sim-bolod aRiqmeba mkvdreTiT aRdgomis Semdeg.

sakraluri xis simbolo naTlad Cans leCxumSi dadasturebul ritual Si, „batonebis

misarTmevi xis totis“ saxiT, romelic warmoadgenda ayvavebul xis tots, morTuls sxva-

dasxva feris bafTebiT, xiliT, wiTeli kvercxebiT, frinvelebis SeRebili gmosaxulebebiT da sxv. `qarTvel xalxSi msoflio xis koncefciis farTod gavrcelebaze miuTiTebs, CiCi-

lakis garda, ... e. w. `batonebis xe” da `kelaptari” (2. gv. 82).

ritualSi „xvamloba“, romelic sulTmofenas esadageba, yvela asrulebda locvas, sax-

lSi „daabrunebdnen“ tablas da nigvzis xis qveS gavidodnen. aq sruldeboda „saxvamlobo rituali“: loculobda ojaxis ufrosi qali, romelic aanTebda erT sanTels, kaklis xis

qveS miyvanil bavSvebs Tavze specialurad am dRisaTvis daklul da Semwvar wiwilas Semoa-

tarebda da dalocavda. saxvamlobo kaklebi ekuTvnoda ojaxs, ubans, gvars, sofels, rome-

lic, umravles SemTxvevaSi, xvela-saxadisaTvis iyo Sewiruli. sicocxlis xis erT-erTi yvelaze saintereso ipostasad qarTuli yofisaTvis SeiZleba

mainc vazi CaiTvalos: `vazi RvTaebriv — mzis mcenared iTvleboda. Cveni winaprebis warmod-

geniT, is iyo `sicocxlis xe” (1. gv. 217). aRniSnuli azri sayovelTaod miRebulia qarTul

mecnierebaSi. vazi rogorc sakraluri mcenare dakavSirebuli iyo mzis TayvaniscemasTan —

`xeTagan vazi iyo mzis xvedri. ... vazi qalur sawyiss gamoxatavda, mze — vaJurs” (8. gv. 24). qarTulma miTosurma azrovnebam qristianobasTan erTad vazis saxe RvTismSobels da-

ukavSira, rac qarTul sagaloblebSic aisaxa: `qristianobam mzisa da vazis simbolika gamo-

iyena. ... vazisa da mzis erTianoba RvTismSoblis himnSic Sesula. ... `Sen xar venaxi” (8. gv. 27).

sicocxlis xis variantis mobilur simbolos warmoadgens saqorwilo ritualebSi far-Tod gavrcelebuli «maSxala» an «CiraRdani» (mravaltotiani xis formis sagani, romel-

zedac Camokidebulia xili, CurCxelebi, yvavilebi, puris comisagan gamomcxvari adamianis

da cxovelebis figurebi, mTlianad moxarSuli qaTami, romelsac Tavze bumbuls utoveb-

dnen), „jvris puri“ (zoomorfuli figurebiT Semkuli puri, romelsac meqorwileebs miar-Tmevdnen).

samyaros azrobriv RerZs biblia `sicocxlis xed~ warmogvidgens. Turme am `xe~-zea da-

mokidebuli xalxis ara mxolod sicocxle, aramed cnobieris, Semecnebis unari. `sicocx-

lis xe~ gardacvlil adamianTa sulebis sasufevelSi gayvanis erTgvar meqanizmsac warmod-gens.

sveticxoveli, rogorc wminda sveti, sicocxlis xis saxea qarTul qristianul kultu-

raSi. `solomonis taZris ... adgilas miitanes xe, romelic samoTxis xis totis danergviT

iyo gazrdili. ... swored am xisgan iqna damzadebuli golgoTas is jvari, romelzedac macx-ovari gaakres. ... am cocxali svetis simbolikas ukavSirdeba mcxeTis cocxali svetic...” (12.

gv. 219). rogorc qarTlis cxovreba gadmogvcems, sveticxoveli aRimarTa iq, sadac adri-

danve wminda xe iyo amosuli: `im adgils, sadac uflis kvarTi iyo dafluli da saflavze

naZvi aRmarTuliyo” (12. gv. 195). sicocxlis xis gamosaxva Cveuli movlenaa qarTul saekle-

sio ferweraSi da xatweraSi, risi magaliTebic uxvadaa dRemde SemorCenili. miTologiaSi qali xSirad moiazreba, rogorc cxovrebis xis simbolo. `rac Seexeba si-

cocxlis xesTan gamosaxul dedobrivi funqciebis matarebel xat-RvTaebas, am mxriv metad

sainteresoa xaxulis karedis erT-erT firfitaze alvis xis fonze gamosaxuli RvTismSobe-


43

li, romelsac xelSi TiTistari uWiravs. TiTistaris simbolika orgvarad SeiZleba iqnes ga-gebuli: a) rogorc msoflio RerZis simbolo — berZnuli miTologiis RvTaebas, moirebis de-

das — anankes, muxlebze TiTistari edo, romelic samyaros RerZTan iyo gaigivebuli. b) ro-

gorc eris mfarvelobisa — qristianul tradiciaSi moirebi (qarTuli «bedis mwerlebi»)

mfarvelma angelozma Secvala. garda mfarveli angelozisa, romelic konkretul adamians ukavSirdeba, yvela eri dakavSirebulia maRali rangis RvTiur arsebasTan (mag. mTavarange-

lozTan), romelic warmarTavs eris sulier cxovrebas da mis mfarvelad gvevlineba. tradi-

ciis mixedviT ki saqarTvelo RvTismSoblis wilxvedr qveyanadaa miCneuli” (10. gv. 57-83).

sicocxlis xisganaa gakeTebuli moses kverTxic. sicocxlis xisganaa gamoTlili is svetic, romelic solomonis taZris legendaSi gvxvdeba. solomons surda Zeli taZarSi

svetad gamoeyenebina (kosmiuri xis kidev erTi izofunqciuri simbolo - sveti, sayrdeni,

romelsac zeciuri samyaro eyrdnoba), magram ver SeZlo. Zeli mdinareze gades da igi xidis

(xe mainc ar kargavs Tavis sakralur funqcias, igi horizontalur sibrtyeSic «xidis» mo-valeobas asrulebs) movaleobas asrulebda, sanam sabas (Sibas) dedofalma ar naxa da misgan

jvari ar gaakeTebina. legendis mixedviT swored am jvarze evno ieso qriste.

rogorc vxedavT, bibliurma sicocxlis xem garkveuli transformacia ganicada da man

jvris saxe miiRo. struqturulad da qronologiuradac igi warmoadgens Sualedur simbo-los msoflio xesa da adamians Soris, rogorc orive maTganis geometriuli gamoxatuleba.

TemasTan dakavSirebuli literaturis mimoxilva saSualebas gvaZlevs davaskvnaT,

rom: sicocxlis xis saxes qarTul yofierebaSi erT-erT umniSvnelovanesi adgili ukavia.

„xis“ mxatvruli, religiuri Tu miTologiur — sakraluri saxeebiTaa gamsWvaluli

qarTuli xalxuri zepirsityviereba - poezia, andrezebi, zRaprebi da miTebi. garda zepirsityvierebisa, „xis“, rogorc msoflio wesrigisa da sicocxlis universa-

luri saxis nimuSebi mravlad moipoveba qarTuli yofis TiTqmis yvela gamovlinebaSi — ar-

qiteqtura, xatwera, saojaxo Tu saritualo nivTebi da a.S.

Tu ganvixilavT droiT WrilSi, „xis“ „xati“ qarTul sinamdvileSi fiqsirdeba arqauli droidan moyolebuli dRemde da warmoadgens qarTveli eris sulier-kulturuli da kos-

mogoniuri warmodgenebis fiqsaciis umniSvnelovanes arqetipul saxes.

warmodgenebi sicocxlis xis Sesaxeb Tanabrad gavrcelebulia saqarTvelos yvela

kuTxeSi Tavisi gamovlinebis mravalferovnebiT.


1. alibegaSvili g. — qarTuli xalxuri poeziis nimuSebi, gv. 22, 29, 217, Tb., 1992. 2. bardaveliZe v. — qarTvelTa uZvelesi sarwmunoebis istoriidan, Tb., 2006.

3 . giorgaZe g. — aTasi RvTaebis qveyana, Tb., 1988.

4 . kiknaZe z. — qarTuli miTologia, Tb., 2007.

5. kiknaZe z. — gilgameSiani, Tb., 1984. 6. makalaTia s. — fSavi, Tb., 1985.

7. oCiauri al. — qarTuli xalxuri dReobebis kalendari, Tb., 1988.

8. siraZe r. — saxismetyveleba, Tb., 1982.

9 . surgulaZe i. — qarTuli xalxuri ornamentis simbolika, Tb., 1986.

10. surgulaZe i. — miTosi, kulti, rituali saqarTveloSi, Tb., 2003.


44

11 . qvriviSvili o. — qarTuli zRaprebis xatovani metyveleba, Tb., 2003. 12 . qvriviSvili o. — sveticxovlis misteria, Tb., 2000.

13 . SaraSeniZe j. — Sumerebi da maTi kultura, Tb., 1983.

14 . leqso ar daikargebi, Tb., 1985.

15 . svanuri zRaprebi, Tb., 1991. 16 . qarTuli xalxuri poezia, Tb., 1974.

17 . Урушадзе Н. — Древнегрузинское пластическое искусство, Тб., 1988.


45

TaTia labaZe ivane javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo


`mowonebisa~ da `siyvarulis” semantikis Semcveli

frazeologizmebi qarTulSi

xelmZRvaneli profesori: nino SaraSeniZe

calkeul sityva-saxelebTan erTad enaSi gamoiyofa sityvaTa myari Sexamebani, rom-

lebic did rols asruleben sinamdvilis movlenaTa aRsaniSnavad. ena flobs uricxv mza

formebs, romlebsac amosavali mniSvnelobis garda gadataniTi gagebac aqvT. frazeologia

iwyeba iq rodesac misi komponentis mniSvneloba iCrdileba da Sesityveba gvevlineba seman-tikur mTelad. frazeologizmebi gamoxataven erTian azrs da warmoadgenen sityvis ekviva-

lentebs. mag. Tvali hkra „danaxvas“ . marTalia isini Cveulebriv ar arian cnebis erTaderTi

aRmniSvnelni, magram didia maTi emociuri Zala adamianis ganwyobilebisa da sulieri mdgo-

mareobis gadmosacemad. maT akisriaT eqspresiuli funqcia da enas xdian mravalferovans,

ufro moqnilsa da xatovans. literaturaSi uxvad ixmareba idiomebi da frazeologizmebi, romlebic TavisTavad

bevrs metyveleben maTi Semqmneli xalxis bunebaze, fantaziaze, emociasa da erovnul sul-

ze.

naSromSi asaxulia „mowonebisa“ da „siyvarulis“ semantikis Semcveli idiomebi da fra-zeologiuri Sesityvebebi, romlebic dajgufebulia garkveuli semantikuri velebis mi-

xedviT. sabolood naSromis mizania aCvenos Tu ra leqsikuri saSualebebi gamoiyena enam

imisaTvis, rom adamianisaTvis „mowonebisa“ Tu „siyvarulis“ grZnoba gamoexata.

Tavdpirvelad ganvixilav frazeologizmTa im im jgufs,romelsac semantikuri Tval-sazrisiT pirveli STabeWdilebis, pirveli naxvis efeqti aqvT. erTi naxviT aRZrul grZno-

baze miuTiTeben:

Tvali zed darCa

Tvalis motaceba Tvalis Sevardna

Tvali waugorda

TvalSi mosvla

Tvalis dataneba Tvalis daWera

gunebaSi mosvla

Tvalisa da ybis dadgma.

es is pirveli efeqtia, romelic garegnul mxares gulisxmobs. rodesac momxiblavi ga-

regnoba an silamaze gamoiwvevs msgavs moqmedebebs sapirispiro sqesSi, ase vTqvaT, pirveli efeqti mowonebisa Tvalze modis.

Semdegi nabiji, mowonebisa Tu siyvarulisa, guls ukavSirdeba, e.i. grZnoba ufro Rrmaa

da igi scdeba garegnul maxares.

guli ucems guli Seeqmna

gulis aTamaSeba


46

gulis atokeba gulis Sevardna

gulis Segoreba

gulSi Cavardna

guli gahyva. amaTgan zogierTi „mowonebisa“ da „siyvarulis“ semantikis Semcveli frazeologizmi

mowonebiT gamowveul realur movlenas aRwers:

gulis atokeba

guli ucems gulis aZgereba.

zogic ararealurs:

TvalebiT Wams

gulis budidan amovardna sisxlis aRelveba

sisxlis aCqroleba

gulis aTamaSeba

gulis Segoreba gulSi Casma.

sityvaTa amgvarma Sexamebebma SeiZleba agreTve migviTiTos siyvaruliTa Tu mowone-

biT gamowveuli grZnobis xangrZlivoba:

wamwamze uzis ( sul mudam axsovs)

gulSi uzis//gulSi jdoma TvalSi uzis.

pirveli efeqti, rogorc aRvniSne, Tvalze modis, xolo sityvaTa myari Sexamebani, rom-

lebSidac leqsikuri erTeuli „guli“ figurirebs grZnobis siZliereze migvaniSnebs. „mowo-

nebisa“ da „siyvarulis“ semntikis Semcvel amgvar frazeologizmebs ra Tqma unda Tan unda sdevdes garkveuli moqmedeba, romelic aRniSnuli grZnobiT iqneba ganpirobebuli. aseTebia:

gulis mogeba

gulis monadireba

gulis mopoveba. Tumca imave grZnobam da siyvarulma SeiZleba sulac ar ganapirobos moqmedeba, aramed

am grZnobis gayinva erT adgilas, rasac kargad gamoxatavs frazeologizmi

gulis daxurva ( gancdaTa da grZnobaTa gaumJRavnebloba)

an kidev: gulSi Cakvla ki ukve am grZnobis gamocxadebaa.

moyvanil frazeologizmebSi romeli sqesi figurirebs, mamakaci Tu qali, ar Cans. Tavi-

sulad SeiZleba nebismieri maTgani orives miemarTos cal-calke; miTiTebuli arc isaa

grZnoba calmxrivia Tu ormxrvi, qarTul enas moepoveba frazeologiuri Sesityvebebi, romlebSic semantikuri gadaazrebisas SesaZlebelia amovikiTxoT grZnobaTa Tanxvedra

orive sqesisa:

gulis swori

gulis toli

sulis swori aqedan ki gvaqvs :

gulis gasworeba.


47

sayvareli arseba gaazrebulia, rogoc yvelaze mSvenieri amitmac mas miemarTeba sila-mazis aRmniSvneli ara-erTi epiTeti, romliTac siyvarulis obieqts amkoben. sayvarel ar-

sebas miemarTeba:

amomavali mze

mzeTunaxavi qalTamze

nananatri

RvTismSobela

Tvalis Cini Tvalis sinaTle

ciT mowyvetili varskvlavi.

gansakuTrebul silamazes mianiSnebs frazeologizmebi:

mze mzeTunaxavi

mzis Svili

amomavali mze.

aqedan gamomdinare, siyvarulis semantikis Semcvelad moiazeba frazeologizmi: „mze da mTvare amosdis“.

axla ki ganvixiloT msgavsi frazeologizmebi ufro Rrma semantikuri velis mixedviT:

gulis dardi

„dardi“ Tavisi pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT uaryofiT grZnobas gamoxatavs,magram siyva-

rulTan mimarTebiT dadebiT elfers iZens. erTgavr epiTetadac aris gamoyenebuli Semdeg frTian razaSi, „gulis dardo“. amdagvari semantikis Semcvelia fraza, „sulis tkivilo“ .

epiTetSi — „gulis dedofali“

Zlieri grZnoba Cans. upirvelesad, Tavis semantikur mniSvnelobas am frazeologizms

frazis meore nawili— „dedofali“ sZens. dedofali ukve miuTiTebs gamorCeulobaze, er-TaderTobaze, gansakuTrebulobaze. igive SeiZleba iTqvas frazeologizmze — „gulis var-

di“. vardi yvavilTa Soris gamorCeulia am sityvaTSexamebaSic satrfoc asevea gamorCeuli

sxva qalTagan.

„mowonebisa“ da „siyvarulis“ semantikis Semcveli frazeologizmebi ZiriTadad qali-sadmia mimarTuli. mag; mdedrobiT sqess miemarTeba „dedofali“ da „vardi“; frazeologiz-

mi „gulis vardi“ SeiZleba mxolod da mxolod qalisadmi iyos mimarTuli.

frazeologizmi „ dedav da Tvalo“ ormagad Zlier grZnobas gamoxatavs:

„dedav“ —Zvirfasi adamiani „Tvali“ — erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi organo adamianisaTvis.

zebunebrivi, aramiwieri silamazis gamomxatvelia Semdegi frazeologizmebi:

RvTismSobela

cidan Camosuli angelozi es frazeologizmebi sulieri da fizikuri silamazis erTobas gulisxmoben.amgvaradve

suls ukavSirdeba Semdegi frazeologizmebi:

suli ( sayvareli Zvirfasi arseba)

sulSi Cakvra (Zlier Seyvareba)

sulSi CaZvrena. Sejamebisas SeiZleba iTqvas, rom amgvari frazeologizmebi gamorCeulobas miuTi-

Tebs. kidev erTxel vnaxoT.

mze (sicocxlis wyaro)


48

vardi (gamorCeuli yvavilTa Soris) margalito ( gamorCeuli Zvirfas qvaTa Soris).

axla saerTod „siyvarulisa“ da „mowonebis“ semantikis Semcvel frazeologizmebs,

rac Seexeba moyvanili masala, erTi SexedviT, gveubneba Tu ra leqsikuri saSualebebi gamo-

iyena enam imisaTvis, rom siyvaruliT gamowveuli grZnoba gamoexata. TavSive gamovyavi Tu rogor gadmoica grZnobis siZliere da sixiste. teqsikur erTeulebad, rogorc vxedavT

ZiriTadad gamoyenebulia „Tvali“ da „guli“. gvxvdeba agreTve „suli“. rogorc aRvniSne,

Tvalisa da gulis SemTxvevaSi gadmoica grZniobis siZliere-sisuste. davakvirdeT grada-

cias. TvaliT gadmoica zedapiruli grZnoba, is rac faregnul silamazes exeba. sityva gu-lis Semcvelma fazeologizmebma ufro Rrma grZnoba gamoxata. xolo, rac Seexeba suls. aq

grZnobis gamoxatvis umaRlesi safexuri Cans (sulSi Cakvra, sulSi CaZvrena,) rac adamianis-

Tvis upirvelesi siyvarulia da qristes mcnebaTagan umTavresi, kargad asaxa zemoT aRniS-

nulma leqsikurma erTeulebma. Tvalic da gulic erTmaneTze ufro miSvnelovania adamia-nisaTvis.


1. T. saxokia, qarTuli xatovani sitva- Tqmani,1979.

2. r. amirejibi, sikvdilid semntikis Semcveli frazeologizmebi.

qarTulSi, enaTmecnierebi sakiTxebi 1999, 1. 3. r. amirejibi, SiSis semntikis Semcveli frazeologizmebi.

qarTulSi, enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi, 1999, 4.

4. al. niani, qarTuli idiomebi. Tbilisi, 1966.


49

TinaTin jiquraSvili ivane javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, bakalavriati

alvis xisa da muxis simbolika qarTul xalxur zRaprebsa da poeziaSi


xe erTderTi uZvelesi da universaluri simboloa, romelic TiTqmis yvela kulturasa

Tu religiur sistemaTa umetesobaSi zeswraful dinamikaze migvaniSnebs. albaT, amitomac

marto bibliaSi xis rvaasamde saxeobaa moxseniebuli, Tavad samyaro ki warmodgenilia er-

Tian xed, romlis CrdilSic dasaxlda xalxi (elaSvili 2008, gv. 5). qarTul qristianobamdel da qristianul cnobierebaSi xe mamrobiTi sawyisis erTpi-

rovnuli gamoxatulebaa. warmarTul saqarTveloSi arsebuli xis kultis, rogorc mamro-

biTi sawyisis, gadmonaSTs qristianul saqarTveloSic vxvdebiT, sadac TiTqmis yvela wmin-

da xe an tye wminda giorgis saxeliTaa monaTluli. sainteresoa rkonis RvTismSoblis ekle-siis wminda cacxvis xe, romelic savsebiT logikurad RvTismSoblis saxelTan unda yofi-

liyo dakavSirebuli, Tumca am RvTaebrivi xis marcxniv vkiTxulobT Semdeg warweras —

„cacxvis wminda giorgis xe“ (iqve).

wminda xeebze dawvrilebiT qvemoT gveqneba saubari. qarTul xalxur zRaprebsa da leqsebSi xSirad vxvdebiT xes, romelsac garkveuli dat-

virTva aqvs. qarTul xalxur zRaprebSi xe dakavSirebulia rogorc mamakacTan, ise qalTan.

xSiria siuJeti, rodesac qali iqceva alvis xed (iSviaTad vaSlis xed), romelsac magiuri Za-

la aqvs. xSir SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia saubari an aqvs unari Tavisi moqmedebiT (foTlebis Sria-li, totebis Camoweva da a.S) miaxvedros cocxali personaJi raimes. aseTi siuJetia zRap-

rebSi: „sami da“, „ia-xaTuni“, „gveladqceuli mzeTunaxavi“ da a.S. (qarTuli zRaprebis skiv-

ri). vfiqrob, alvis xe garkveulwilad aRdgenis simbolocaa zRaprebSi, radgan personaJi

alvis xed gardaisaxeba sikvdilis Semdeg, alvis xed yofna ki droebTia, ase vTqvaT mosamza-

debeli etapia kvlav adamianad gardasaxvisTvis. zemoT vaxseneT, rom zRaprebSi xSiria per-sonaJis qceva alvis xed. adamianisa da xis mimsgavsebam, uZveles rwmenasTan dakavSirebulma

alvis xis simbolurma mniSvnelobam brwyinvale gamoxatuleba pova arqauli elementeniT

datvirTul leqsSi „sizmari“:

— wuxeli sizmari vnaxe, netav, dedav, rao?

alvis xe rom wamoiqca,

netav, dedav, rao?

— Svili, Seni tani aris, vah, Sens dedasao!

— imas totebi emtvreva,

netav, dedav, rao?

— Svilo, Seni mklavebia,

vah, Sens dedasao!“

(kotetiSvili 1961, gv. 283-285).


50

amis Semdeg leqsi grZeldeba, magram alva aRar aris naxsenebi. es nawyveti, Cemi azriT, enaTesaveba zRaprebSi gavrcelebul siuJets personaJis alvis xed gardasaxvis Sesaxeb.

zRaprebSic alva personaJis tans ganasaxierebs, misi totebi ki xelebs.

alvis xe xalxur poeziaSi miemarTeba qals da mis fizikur mSvenierebaze miuTiTebs an,

meore SemTxvevaSi, dakavSirebulia adamianis rwmenadwarmodgenebTan da aqvs sakraluri mniSvneloba. alvis xe, rom qalis tankenarobaze miuTiTebs ucxo araa. albaT amitomac mie-

marTeba alvis xe xalxur zRaprebSi ZiriTadad qals: swored qali personaJi gardaisaxeba

xolme mSvenier alvis xed. poeziaSi ki amas adasturebs mravali leqsi: „Tval-qoCor gadaxa-

tulo, tani—alvisa, Wirime“, „tanada hgevxar namyensa,amosuls alvis xisao“, „qalo,gevxar alvis xesa baRCaSia danergulsa“ da ase Semdeg. (kotetiSvili 1961, gv. 35,37,39).

sainteresoa adamianis rwmena-warmodgenebTan dakavSirebiT alvis xis gamovlena. alva

uZveles sakulto xed iyo miCneuli da xalxur poeziaSi SemorCenilia uZvelesi warmodge-

nebi,romlis mixedviTac alva yurZensac isxams:

„wmindis giorgis karzeda xe-alva amosulao,

zed gamosxmia yurZeni, saWmelaT Semosulao,

Cveni batonis qalebis sakreflad wamosulao“ an:

`iagundis maranSia, iav naninao,

Rvino sdgas da lali sWviso, vardo naninao,

Sig alvis xe amosula, iav naninao, totebi aqvs nargiziso, iav naninao,

zed bulbuli Semomjdara, iav naniano,

Savardeni frTasa Sliso, vardo naninao.“ (kotetiSvili 1961, gv. 27) arsebobs am leqsis meore variantic :

„iagundis maranSia

Sig Rvino da lali bWviso

Sig alvis xe amosula norCia da Stosa Sliso,

zed bulbuli Semomjdara,

gasafrenad frTasa Sliso” (abakelia )

`pirveli `iavnana“ sruldeboda batonebis avadmyofobis dros da mas garkveuli ritua-

luri daniSnuleba hqonda. saintereso saxes qmnis maranSi amosuli alvis xe, romelsac nar-

gizis totebi aqvs. sainteresoa, rom ori frinvelia naxsenebi: bulbuli da Sevardeni. Se-

saZlebelia, es iyos erTgvari gamovlineba RvTaebrivi xisa, romelzec frinvelebi sxedan. frinveli naxsenebia meore leqsSic, romelic qarTl-kaxur saweso simReraSia warmodgeni-

li~ (abakelia).


51

alvis xezea saubari kidev e „Cveni batonis karzeda

xe alvad amosulao

wveram mausxam yurZeni

saWmelad Camosulao misi uWmeli qal-vaJi

udrood daSaulao.“ (abakelia)

aRniSnul teqstSi cxovrebis xesTan mdgomi qal-vaJi samoTxidan gaZevebul warwymedi-li kacobriobis pirvel codvil wyvilTanaa dakavSirebuli. magram Tu Tavdapirveli da-

Rupvis mizezi cxovrebis xidan akrZaluli nayofis Wama, gemeba iyo, qristes vnebidan moyo-

lebuli ukve zeciuri sazrdos uWmeloba xdeba sabediswero, rac waruval cxovrebasTan

uziareblobas niSnavs (iqve). rogorc davinaxeT, alva xSirad ukavSirdeba vazs sakralur leqsebSi. Zalian saintere-

soa maTi dakavSireba erTmaneTTan. vazisa da alvis xis aseTi saocari simboluri Serwyma

SeiZleba aixsnas Semdegi garemoebiT: vazi aris simbolo mzesTan sworferobis, mzesTan zi-

arebis, es vazis Sinagani ltolva da bunebaa, xolo mzesTan ziarebis garegani gamoxatuleba ki iSifreba alvis xis zeaRmavali swrafviT cisaken. arc erT tanmaRal xe-mcenareSi ar ig-

rZnoba simaRlisaken ltolvis aseTi dinamika da energia, ra ganwyobilebasac tovebs alvis

xe (elaSvili, 2002 „literaturuli Ziebani“).

sainteresoa leqsi „TeTri cixe dga suleTSi“: „TeTri cixe dga suleTSi

wveri cas miubjenia

maganeT alvis xei dgas,

caSi moudis wveria

bolozed veSa-wyaro dis

sasmelad gemnieria

madliann mavlen,wyalsa smen

codviann mwyurvalenia.“

(abakelia )

am leqsSi samoTxeSi warmodgenili TeTri (wmindas mniSvnelobiT) salocavia, romelTa-

nac tradiciulad warmodgenilia sakraluri xe, am SemTxvevaSi alvis xe da, rogorc samya-

ros RerZisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli, erTi wveri caSia mibjenili, xolo meore boloSia. veSa-wyaro, savaraudod qristes alegoriaa, dis. aq morwmuneTa ukvdavebis wyarosTan ziarebis

motivia asaxuli (iqve).

zemoT visaubreT alvis xis rolze zRaprebSi, kerZod qalis gardasaxvaze alvis xed.

rac Seexeba mamakacis xed qcevas, ZiriTadad, gavrcelebulia siuJeti, rodesac umcros Zmas klaven ufrosebi da mkvlelobis adgilze amodis xe magiuri TvisebebiT. aseTi siuJe-

tia zRaparSi „brdRviala yvavili“ (ucnobi qarTuli xalxuri zRaprebi) romelSic umcrosi

Zma moipovebs yvavils, Tumca mas moklaven ufrosebi da mis saflavze amova lerwami, rom-

lisgan gamoTlili salamuri laparakobda. swored man gaagebina mamas umcrosi vaJis ambavi. ase xdeba moxeur zRaparSi „cxra Zmis erTi sacole“. ukvdavebis wyals moipovebs umcrosi

Zma, romelsac moklavs ufrosi da wyals mzeTunaxavs miutans. iq, sadac umcros Zmas uf-

rosTan Cxubi mouvida, wyali daiRvara da xekeTila amovida, romelmac gaacocxla umcrosi

Zma, mfrinav xaliCad iqca da vaJi mefis sasaxleSi miiyvana (oniani 1969, gv.362). am zRapars

paraleli moeZebneba svanurSi, sadac gvxvdeba zRapari „coldqmari“. aq umcrosi Zma, ro-melmac moipova ukvdavebis wyali mefis asulis gadasarCenad, mokla SuaTanam, SuaTana mok-

la ufrosma da wyali miutana mefes. umcros ZmasTan mivida Tamar mefis keTili xe-mcenare.


52

man CamouSva foTlebi SrialiT, aixuta vaJi da gaacocxla. xe-mcenaris foTlebi iqcnen mfrinav xaliCad da miiyvanes vaJi mefis sasaxleSi.

rogorc davinaxeT, xes xSirad aqvs personaJis damxmaris funqcia. asea, magaliTad, ki-

dev erT svanur zRaparSi „aleqsandre“ (oniani 1969,gv.358) ,romelSic aleqsandres ori de-

daberi aZlevs kakalsa da wabls, romlis saSualebiTac sabolood acocxleben vaJs da exma-rebian kudianis mier gatacebuli mzeTunaxavis dabrunebaSi. zRaparSi kakali da wabli ada-

mianis qomag, damxmaredaa warmodgenili. maTi funqcia yovelTvis dadebiTia, isini adamai-

nuri eniT elaparakebian zRapris gmirs, aswavlian Wkuas, aZleven darigebebs da ixsnian yo-

velgvari gasaWiridan. orive aRWurvilia zebunebrivi, RvTaebrivi, magiuri monacemebiT : gmiri rasac inatrebs, yvelaferi usruldeba.

sainteresoa muxis simbolikac. muxa sxva xeebisgan gamoirCeva gansakuTrebuli simbo-

luri diapazoniT. igi Tavidanve iTvleboda Seudrekelobis, siZlierisa da ukvdavebis sim-

bolod. qarTul xalxur zRaprebSi muxa xSirad warmodgenilia arwivTan erTad: muxaze ar-wivs aqvs bude. aseTi scenaa daxatuli zRaprebSi „monadire da didi arwivi“, „mfrinavi mze-

Tunaxavi“, „ufliswulis sizmari“ da a.S. (qarTuli zRaprebis skivri). zRaparSi „monadire

da didi arwivi“ warmodgenilia sam muxaze mjdari didi arwivi. aq erTadaa Tavmoyrili

ricxvTa simbolika (sami), frinvelTa simbolika (arwivi) da xis simbolika (muxa). arwivisa da muxis erTmaneTis gverdiT warmodgenac araa SemTxveviTi, radgan, rogorc

cnobilia, arwivic siZlieris mimaniSnebeli erTderTi simboloa.sainteresoa zRapari „as-

furcela“, sadac muxa RvTis nebis gamoxatulebis saSualebadaa qceuli: xeze mibmulma as-

furcelam sTxova RmerTs, Tu is tyuoda Tavis ZmebTan, iqve momkvdariyo, Tu arada muxis

mogleja SeZleboda, amis Semdeg man marTlac moglija muxa. muxa xSirad dakavSirebulia wyalTan, nayofierebasa da ZalasTan. zRaparSi „da-Zma“ be-

rikaci muxasTan midis Svilis saTxovnelad. muxa etyvis wadi, geyolobao. meored wyals

sTxovs, wyalic misca. mesamed ki gajavrda muxa da moxucs eyola arwivis qali, romelmac

yvelaferi gadaWama. muxa wyalTanaa dakavSirebuli cnobil xalxur leqsSi „mumli muxasao“.

„mumli muxasao

gars exveodao mumli hqrebodao

mumli swydebodao

xe ar xmebodao.

mumli muxasao

gars exveodao muxa damZimdao

wyalSi Cavardao

wyali Segubdao

napirs gadvdao

mumli Sewuxdao male daixrCvao

mumli daixrCvao

muxa gadarCao“ (kotetiSvili 1961, gv.250)

sainteresoa muxis simbolikis gamovlena adamianTa rwmena-warmodgenebSi. muxa, alvis

xesTan erTad, sakraluri xea. xSirad am xeebis amosvla romelime salocavis nebas miewereba

da im adgilas arsdeba kvrivebi. amgvari xeebi, rogorc wesi, qvis wyebiTaa SemoRobili, zo-

gierT maTgans Tavze liTonis jvaric aqvs damagrebuli. sakraluri xeebidan fSavSi cnobi-lia laSaris muxa, xolo xevsureTSi—xmalas alvis xe. (alibegaSvili 1992, gv.8).

fSauri TqmulebiT, muxa idga laSaris gorze, SibiT iyo mibmuli caze, rodesac xeze ka-

ta dakles, Sibi moswyda da cisken gafrinda. es Tqmuleba enaTesaveba leqss „iambe cixis na-

Salo“, romelic, meore mxriv, dakavSirebulia zurab erisTavTan. rogorc cnobilia, zurab erisTavma 1620 wels moindoma fSav-xevsureTis damoneba. Tu erisTavs surs saymos damar-

cxeba, man jer jvrebis winaaRmdeg unda gailaSqros—moWras fSavSi laSaris muxa da xevsu-

reTSi xmalas alvis xe. magram maTi moWra ioli araa, isini xom sakulto—mironmdinari da


53

oqros Sibiani xeebia, romlebic amyareben kavSirs casa da miwas Soris. Sibi, igive ciuri jaWvi, fSav-xevsurul miTosSi is sagania, romelic saymosa da morige RmerTs erTmaneTTan

akavSirebs. xalxis warmodgeniT, Sibi zeciuri warmomavlobisaa, romliTac, magaliTad, la-

Saris wminda giorgi cas iyo gamobmuli. qvemoT gavicnoT leqsi, sadac moTxrobilia ambavi

cixedsimagris aRebis Sesaxeb, es ki im SemTxvevaSi iqneboda SesaZlebeli, Tu moWridnen ga-lavanSi mdgar xes (muxas, alvis xes). Tavis mxriv, xis moWrac SeuZlebeli iyo Cveulebrivi

xerxiT, saidumloeba erTma berma icoda. leqsSi „iambe cixis naSalo“, cixe yveba, rom is

Salvas auSenebia, xevisbers ukurTxebia da daculia. „alvis xec gverZe mdgomia, RvTisagan

molocviliao“ dambobs cixe. zurab erisTavi cixes verafers daaklebda misTvis saidumlo rom ar gaemxilaT:

„erTi yofila Ruleli

alSaureli berio

iman aswavla katai zed xeze dasakvlelio

Sibi cisake gafrinda,

wioda rogorc gvelio“

(alibegaSvili 1992, gv 29)

ase dakarga cixem RvTiuri mfarveloba da daeca kidec, xolo morige RmerTma daibru-

na Tavisi Sibi. Tuki batkani, cikani, kurati da a.S jvris an xatisTvis mirTmeuli msxver-

plia, xeze dakluli kata antimsxverplad iTvleba. igi afrTxobs angelozebs da wyvets Sibs. (iqve).

muxazea saubari kidev erT fSaur saweso leqsSi:

„wminda giorgi mec viyav

cas vebi oqros SibiTa

xmelgorze medga bermuxa

zed avdiodi kibiTa

Cems saymoT SemonaZRveni RmerTTan amqonda iqiTa.“

(kiknaZe 2008, gv.65) bermuxa, anu laSaris muxa, idga fSavSi xmelgorz,e sadac daarsebulia laSaris salo-

cavi wminda giorgis saxelze. am leqsSi aRsaniSnavia, rom mis yovel striqonSi cisa da miwis

kavSiria asaxuli. am SemTxvevaSi Cven gvainteresebs xe, fSaur leqsSi bermuxis saxiT war-

modgenili. laSaris bermuxa tipuri kosmiuri xea. igi aris cisa da miwis damakavSirebeli,

zeaRsavali, rogorc gza qvemo soflidan zemo soflisaken. swored aseTi gamoyeneba aqvs

wminda giorgis xes (iqve). „iambe cixis naSalo“ da „wminda giorgi mec viyav“ erTmaneTs hgavs imiT, rom orive Sem-

TxvevaSi xes (muxas an alvis xes) aqvs sakraluri mniSvneloba: is akavSirebs miwasa da cas da,

amdenad, garkveulwilad, warmoadgens sicocxlis xis nimuSs.

rogorc davinaxeT, muxisa da alvis xis simbolika gansxvavebulia xalxur zRaprebsa da poeziaSi. zRaprebSi isini umetesad saerTo fonis Semqmnel saSualebebs xolo xalxur poe-

ziaSi ki maT umetesad sakraluri mniSvnloba da datvirTva aqvT. Tumca, zogierT SemTxve-

vaSi, zRaprebsa da leqsebSi xeebi erTnairi datvirTviTaa gamoyenebuli. magaliTad, msgav-

sebad unda CaiTvalos is, rom alvis xe poeziaSi xSirad miemarTeba qals, mis mSvenierebaze miuTiTebs, aseve, zRaprebSi alvis xed, umravles SemTxvevaSi, qali gardaisaxeba xolme. rac


54

Seexeba kac personaJebs, rogorc davinaxeT, isini iqcevian lerwmis xed an maT gverdiT war-modgenilia xe magiuri TvisebebiT, romelic acocxlebs maT. aseve saerToa isic, rom zRap-

rebSic da poeziaSic alvis xe da muxa sakraluri mniSvnelobiTaa. aseve muxa xSiradaa dakav-

Sirebuli wyalTan da nayofierebasTan.


1. n. abakelia, maradiulobasTan ziarebis motivi qarTul tradiciaSi (ikonografiuli

programebisa da sakraluri poeziis mimarTebis sakiTxi) http://ijhei. wordpress.com/

2008/10/25.

2. g. alibegaSvili, qarTuli xalxuripoeziis nimuSebi, Tbilisi, gamomcemloba „inte-leqti“, 1992,

3. q. elaSvili, „xeTametyveleba“, — qarTuli folklori 4 (XX), 2008.

4. q. elaSvili, „qristianuli cnobierebis sityvieri xati „wminda ninos cxovrebis“ mixed-

viT“, — literaturuli Ziebani 2002, №22.

5. z. kiknaZe, qarTuli folklori. Tbilisi, Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, 2008.

6. v. kotetiSvili, xalxuri poezia (meore gamocema), Tbilisi, gamomcemloba „sabWoTa

mwerali“, 1961.

7. o. oniani, „xe-mcenareTa personifikaciis sakiTxi svanur jadosnur zRaprebSi“, —

qarTuli folklori III, masalebi da gamokvlevebi, Tbilisi gamomcemloba „mecniereba“,

1969.

8. ucnobi qarTuli xalxuri zRaprebi. Tbilisi, gamomcemloba „zebra“, 2009.

9. qarTuli zRaprebis skivri. megruli zRaprebi da miTebi“, Tbilisi, gamomcemloba

„zebra“,1994

humanitaruli mecnierebani, literaturaTmcodneoba

55


qeTevan maridaSvili ivane javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis


SroSanis simbolikisaTvis qarTul mwerlobaSi

xelmZRvaneli profesori: maka elbaqiZe

SroSanis simbolika farTod iyo gavrcelebuli uZveles kulturebSi. jer kidev anti-

kur epoqaSi Zvel berZnebs miaCndaT, rom es spetaki yvavili zevsis meuRlis, qalRmerT he-

ras rZisgan aRmocenda. SroSanis simbolikas farTo diapazoni aqvs. erTi mxriv, misi siTeTre da sispetake ubi-

woebis, sisaTuTis simbolo iyo, meore mxriv-SroSani, rogorc miwis qalRmerTis heras at-

ributi, ara marto saberZneTSi, aramed egviptesa da mTel axlo aRmosavleTSic gaazrebu-

li iyo, rogorc nayofierebisa da erotiulobis simbolo. SesaZloa, am yvavilis grZnobadi gaazreba aRmosavleTSi gaamZafra ferTa simbolikamac, radgan unda vigulisxmoT, rom am

qveynebSi sxvadasxva feris SroSani xarobda da Tu qebaTa-qebis im metaforas gavixsenebT,

sadac sayvareli qalis tuCebi SroSanTan aris gaigivebuli, safiqrebelia, rom swored wi-

Tel SroSanzea laparaki (abzianiZe, elaSvili 2007: 114).

uZveles droSi SroSani heraldikis umTavres atributs warmoadgenda. bizantiaSi is iyo mironcxebuli samefo dinastiis kuTvnilebis niSani. swored bizantiur gavlenas miewe-

reba, rom samfurcvlovani SroSani 1197 wlidan safrangeTis samefo gerbze gamoisaxa. imav-

droulad, SroSani iyo qalaq florenciis, mediCebis sagvareulos da ramdenime kaToliku-

ri wmindanis emblema(wm. domeniki, wm. franCesko, wm. anton padueli, wm. iosebi) (abzianiZe, elaSvili 2007: 114).

wylis SroSani e.w „lotosi“ samxreT-aRmosavleTi aziis da Soreuli aRmosavleTis um-

Tavres sakulto yvavilad iyo miCneuli. cnobilia, rom lotosis simbolikis warmomavloba

Zveli egviptidan modis. es uzado formis umSveniesi yvavili, romelic nilosis napirTan Slamidan amoizrdeboda da wylis zedapirze tivtivebda, aRiqmeboda saswaulebriv, Rmer-

TTagan boZebul saCuqrad. am „saCuqars“ egvipteli qurumebi ganmartavdnen, rogorc kosmi-

uri sicocxlis wyaros, romelic, sazogadod, sicocxlisa da aRorZinebis simboloa. amav-

droulad, lotosi ganasaxierebda adamianis sulier zrdasa da mis unars-RvTaebrivi srulyofisaTvis mieRwia. egviptelebi Tvlidnen, rom maTi RmerTebi „pirveladi lotosi-

dan“ iSvnen, iseve rogorc mze daibada pirveladi qaosidan. aqve unda iTqvas, rom cisferi

wylis SroSani ufro meti mowiwebiT iyo garemoculi, vidre vardisferi da TeTri, radgan

swored cisferi lotosi ganasaxierebda Tavmdablobasa da siwmindes, xolo, amasTan er-Tad, egviptis deda-mdinaris nilosis simboloc iyo. lotosebisagan dawnuli gvirgvini

mkvdreTiT aRdgomaze mianiSnebda. samgloviaro ceremonialis dros lotosis gvirgvinis

tradicia swored egviptidan gavrcelda Zv. saberZneTSi, italiasa da wina aziaSi (abzianiZe,

elaSvili 2006: 127).

Cinur, indur da iaponur kulturebSi lotosis simbolika analogs vardis simbolikis dasavlur tradiciasTan povebs. aRmosavlur religiebSi mniSvneloba aqvs yvavilis fur-

celTa raodenobasac: rvafurcliani lotosi indoeTSi aRqmuli iyo, rogorc „centri“,


56

romelic brahmas sasufevelia da RvTaebis faruli energiis xilul gansxeulebas warmoad-gens. viSnuisturi kosmogoniis Tanaxmad, samyaros mSobeli brahma iSva lotosisagan, rome-

lic viSnus Wipidan amoizarda. misi egzotikuri siuJeti indoeli mxatvrebis sayvareli Te-

maa. indod-budistur ikonografiaSi mravlad SexvdebiT lotosze dabrZanebul fexmor-

Txmul RvTaebebs. mTel indo-budistur samyaroSi lotosi erTnairad saTayvanebeli sim-boloa. es yvavili TviT budas emblemaa da im sulieri gamocdilebis srulyofas ganasaxie-

rebs, romelsac nirvana moaqvs (abzianiZe, elaSvili 2006: 127).

uZvelesi kulturebidan SroSanis simbolika qristianul mwerlobaSic gavrcelda da

mniSvnelovani mxatvruli funqcia SeiZina. is iqca bibliur simbolod. viqtor nozaZe wignSi „vefxistyaosnis ferTametyveleba“ ganixilavs sosanis anu Sro-

Sanisa da vardis saxelwodebaTa monacvleobas bibliaSi. rogorc gamokvlevebma cxadyo,

Zveli aRTqma vards ar icnobda, magram germanul bibliaSi, romelic luterma Targmna,

sityva SroSani vardis mniSvnelobas iZens (nozaZe 2004: 424). cnobili germaneli mecnieri viqtor hahni vardis simbolos Sesaxeb SeniSnavs: luterma

gaiziara rabinTa ganmarteba da ebrauli susan, susannah, SecdomiT gadaTargmna, rogorc

vardi. vardi dasaxelebulia agreTve bibliis qarTul redaqciebSi, rogorc Cans, aseve

arasworad. vardi gadmocemulia Zvelebrauli „susan“, „susannah“, sityviT rac „SroSans“ aRniSnavs.

saxeli sosani, lagardis mtkicebiT, warmoSobilia egvipturi sityvisagan „suSen“, ro-

melic lotosis yvavils aRniSnavda.

SroSanis simbolikis arseboba bibliur wignebSi ukve faqtia. bibliis SroSani anu So-

Sannah aris: wiTeli SroSani, wiTeli lilia (nozaZe 2004: 424). TviT sityva „sosani“ ixmareba, agreTve, berZnul enaSic da gamoiTqmis rogorc „sou-

son“, romelic frangul enaze sityva „lilias“ Seesatyviseba. arabebic „sousanos“ uwodeb-

dnen saerTod wiTel yvavils, rogorebicaa, magaliTad, lilia da tita (nozaZe 2004: 425).

arabul bibliaSi „susana“ qarTuli bibliis „SroSana“-s Sesatyvisia, romelic ebrauli „SoSan“-is, „SoSannah“-is tolfasia.

„me yvavili savse da SroSani ReleTa...“ qeba qebaTa 2, 1-2

„romeli hmwyi SroSanTa Soris...“ qeba qebaTa 2, 16

SroSanis gverdiT qeba qebaTaSi moxseniebulia vardi, rogorc sruliad sxva yvavili (nozaZe 2004: 425).

Zveli gadmocemebis Tanaxmad, fsalmunTa Semqmneli mefe-poetis, daviTis qnari am usa-

TuTesi yvavilis analogiiT Seiqmna. qnari ebraul enaze iwodebad„SoSan“ anu “sosani“.

renesansis droidan SroSani asocirebulia xarebasTan. qristianul ikonografiaSi gabriel mTavarangelozs RvTismSobelTan moaxloebisas xelSi upyria SroSani an SroSani

larnakSi devs massa da mariams Soris. radgan SroSani gamoxatavs RvTiuri energiis saTno-

ebriv aspeqts, qristianul cnobierebaSi es erTmniSvnelovnad aRiqmeboda, rogorc RvTis-

mSoblis yvavili. swored sxivCamdgari sisaTuTe SroSanisa iqca RvTismSoblis saxismetyve-lebad himnografiaSi. demetre mefis RvTismSoblisadmi miZRvnil meore iambikoSi „RvTis-

mSobeli da yovlad patiosani“, mariam RvTismSobeli. swored SroSanis simbolikiTaa mowo-

debuli meore iambiko TiTqmis akonkretebs pirvel iambikoSi zogadad naTqvams RvTismSob-

lis gamorCeulobisa da erTaderTobis Sesaxeb (abzianiZe, elaSvili 2007: 114):

„RvTismSobeli da yovlad patiosani,

deda qalwuli, Suenieri SroSani

mas axarebda angelozi frTosani“.


57

RvTismSoblis yvavilis simbolom asaxva pova qarTul hagiografiaSic. „SuSanikis mar-tvilobaSi“ martvili qalis saxeli, SuSaniki, etimologiurad „wylis SroSans“ niSnavs (ka-

lendari 1976:306). SuSanikis saxeli sakralizebulia, radgan cxovrebebisa da saeklesio

himnebSi sakmaod xSiria mcdeloba wmindanTa saxelebis Sinagani arsis ganmartebis. es saxe-

li Sefasebulia eklesiis mier, ris gamoc masSi xdeba pirovnebis konkretuli cxovrebis su-lier normad gardasaxva Sesabamisad, sakuTari saxelis qristianuli saxismetyvelebis sa-

fuZvelze SesaZlebeli xdeba am Zeglis siRrmiseuli wakiTxva (elaSvili 2009:153).

hagiografiul ZeglSi avtori sagangebod gvamzadebs imisTvis, rom gagvimxilos wmin-

danis saxeli: „da colad misa iyo asuli vardanisi... mamisagan saxeliT vardan da siyuaru-liT saxeli misi SuSanik, moSiSi RmrTisa, viTarca igi vTquT, siyrmiTgan TvisiT“ (elaSvili

2009: 153).

wmindanis saxelSivea gacxadebuli misi RvTebrioba, rac TiTqmis zustad esadageba mis

RvTiur gzas. Txzulebis avtori yuradRebas amaxvilebs mowamis or saxelze, romlebic er-TmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli xasiaTis matarebelia. erTi mamisagan wodebuli-vardan da meo-

red — „siyuaruliT SuSanik“. pirveli daviwyebuli da ufunqcioa, meore ki Tavis TavSi gana-

saxovnebs qristianul saxismetyvelebas, radgan SuSaniki ganmartebulia, rogorc „wylis

SroSani“, xolo es ukanaskneli ki simboluri saxea RvTismSoblisa. SuSanikis RvTismSoblis saxesTan dakavSireba ki TavisTavad gulisxmobs mis sidiades, gansakuTrebulobas, RvTiu-

robas (elaSvili 2009: 154).

SuSanikis saxeli SroSanis simbolosTan zustad da erTmniSvnelovnadaa dakavSirebu-

li, radgan is iyo adamiani, romelsac Seswevda Zala da energia, rom mieRwia sulieri srul-

yofisa da RvTaebrivi siwmindisaTvis. albaT amitomac aris, rom iakob xucesi, mxolod da mxolod am saxeliT moixseniebs martvils. esaa udidesi sulieri tevadobis mqone saxeli,

romelic sruliad aSuqebs wmindanis gzas. saxel SuSanikSi warmodgenili simbolo SroSani-

sa cxadad migvaniSnebs sispetakeze, udides siwmindeze, sulier fericvalebaze.

Tu am yovelives gaviazrebT, maSin advilad davrwmundebiT im WeSmaritebaSi, rom pir-veli martvili qali swored RvTismSoblis saxe-simboloTi unda Semosuliyo qarTul hagi-

ografiaSi, rogorc es moxda SuSanikis SemTxvevaSi (elaSvili 2009: 154).

SroSani odiTganve poetTa aRmafrenis sagans warmoadgenda, magram saero mwerlobaSi

misi mSveniereba ganzogadda da mxolod adamianis sulierebas da fizikur silamazes miesa-daga. sosani „vefxistyaosanSic“ aris naxsenebi. masTn aris Sedarebuli avTandili: „dilasa

adre movida igi nazardi sosani“. amgvari metafora mianiSnebs imaze, rom avTandili aris pi-

riT sosani, anu wiTeli da taniT maRali da wvrili, viTarca yvavili SroSani (nozaZe 2004:

425). es saxe-metafora araerTgzis gamoCnda mogviano periodis qarTul poeziaSic. n. bara-TaSvilis leqsSi „sayure“ ekaterine WavWavaZis silamazis RvTaebriobis gancda swored

SroSanis simbolikiTaa gacxadebuli, amgvari mxatvruli metafora gansakuTrebuli sidia-

diTa da RirsebiT amkobs trfobis obieqts:

„viTa pepela arxevs neldnela, spetak SroSanas lamazad axrils,

ase sayure, ucxo sayure

eTamaSeba Tavissa aCrdils“.

giorgi leoniZis leqsSi „TeTri SroSnebi“ cxadi xdeba, rom am yvavilis xibli poetis-Tvis odindeli siyvarulis da jer kidev gaunelebeli grZnobis simbolod qceula:


58

„TeTri SroSnebi vercxlis suraSi Cavyare Senda mosagoneblad“

(abzianiZe, elaSvili 2007: 114)

uZvelesi droidan dRemde SroSani aRiqmeba sakralur simbolod. is momdinareobs an-

tikuri kulturidan da sxvadasxva epoqaSi, Sinaarsis gadaazrebis, gardasaxvis gziT yvela sxva kulturas gaivlis da sabolood qristianul mwerlobaSi imkvidrebs mniSvnelovan ad-

gils. RvTismSoblis yvavilad miCneuli SroSani bibliur simbolod iqceva da ganasaxierebs

siwmindes, sidiades, zeciurobas, RvTiurobas, sulier sispetakes.

saero mwerlobis ganviTarebis xanaSic ar kargavs SroSani Tavis pirvandel mniSvnelo-bas. aq bibliuri simbolo ganzogadebul saxes Rebulobs da mxolod adamianis sulierebaze

axdens aqcentirebas.

aseTi mravalferovani gza ganvlo SroSanis simbolikam sxvadasxva kulturaSi. misi

mniSvneloba TandaTan gafarTovda. SroSanis simbolikis gansakuTrebuloba imaSi mdgoma-reobs, rom am simbolos Sinaarsis gardasaxvis wyalobiT SesaZlebeli gaxda misi SeRweva

gansxvavebul kulturebSi. misi Sinaarsi icvleboda imis Sesabamisad romeli kulturis

simboloc iyo.


1. z. abzianiZe elaSvili, q. simboloTa ilustrirebuli enciklopedia, tomi I. Tbilisi:

„bakmi”, 2006.

2. z. abzianiZe elaSvili q; simboloTa ilustrirebuli enciklopedia, tomi II, Tbilisi:

„bakmi”, 2007.

3. q. elaSvili, sityviT Txroba, Tbilisi: “bakmi”, 2009. 4. saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, wmindanTa saxelebi, Tbilisi, saqarTvelos sakaTa-

likosos gamomcemloba, 1976.

5. v. nozaZe, vefxistyaosnis ferTametyveleba, tomi I, Tbilisi, 2004.


59

TaTia labaZe ivane javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis


qristianuli motivebi ilia WavWavaZis SemoqmedebaSi

xelmZRvaneli profesori: Tamar SarabiZe

qarTuli msoflmxedvelobrivi azrovnebis safuZveli qristianobaa. aqedan gamomdina-

re, Zveli mwerlobis rogorc saeklesio-sasulierosi, aseve saeros safuZvelic Zveli da

axali aRTqmaa, saidanac modis am epoqis mwerlobis ZiriTadi motivebica da mxatvrul saxe-Ta mTeli sistemac, rac mciredi cvlilebebiT gadadis axal, Semdeg ki uaxles mwerloba-

Sic. qarTuli mwerlobisaTvis Zveli, axalisa Tu uaxlesisaTvis arc bibliuri siuJetebia

ucxo. SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom qarTuli mwerlobisaTvis Tavisi ganviTarebis nebismier etap-

ze amosavali wertili qristianuli religiaa. bunebrivia, am gadasaxedidan, arc ilia WavWa-vaZis Semoqmedeba unda iyos daSorebuli religiur msoflmxedvelobas. amaSi mis Semoqme-

debasa da, saerTod, moRvaweobaze erTi Tvalis gadavlebac dagvarwmunebs.

ilia WavWavaZis Semoqmedebis religiurobis kvlevaSi did daxmarebas misi moRvaweoba

gviwevs. am mxriv, mniSvnelovnad mimaCnia, yuradReba gavamaxvilo ramdenime faqtze misi biog-rafiidan. ilia bavSvobidanve eziara qarTul qristianul kulturas da Zvel qarTul mwer-

lobas. is aRizarda qristianuli tradiciebis matarebel ojaxSi. cnobilia, rogorc WavWava-

ZeTa gvars sakuTari karis eklesiac ki hqonda. mwerali Tavis avtobiografiaSi didi siTboTi

igonebs soflis skolaSi gatarebul dros. diakvanTan siaruls didi zemoqmedeba mouxdenia yrmis sulze. `mTavarma Zalian kargad icoda qarTuli da saxeli hqonda ganTqmuli saRmrTo

wignebis kargis mkiTxvelisa“. aqedan gamomdinare, SegviZlia vTqvaT rom ilia WavWavaZe kar-

gad icnobda Zvel qarTul sasulierod-saeklesio mwerlobasa, saTanadod afasebda qristia-

nul literaturas. am mosazrebas amyarebs misi Semoqmedeba. mis TxzulebebSi, mxatvrulsa Tu publicistur nawerebSi, Zalze xSirad vxvdebiT citacias saRmrTo werilidan.

1987 wels ilia WavWavaZe saqarTvelos marlTmadidebeli eklesiis wminda sinodma Ta-

visi Rvawlis, erisa da eklesiis winaSe didi damsaxurebisa da mowameobrivi aRsasrulis ga-

mo wmindanad Seracxa da uwoda wminda ilia marTali.

religia da rwmena iliasaTvis yoveli adamianis umaRlesi mowodebaa da amgvar damoki-debulebas igi amJRavnebda ara mxolod Tavis nawarmoebebSi, aramed cxovrebaSic.

biografiul faqtebsa Tu mis mier gamoTqmul publicistur naazrevs didi mniSvnelo-

ba aqvs mwerlis Semoqmedebis religiurobis kvlevaSi. Tumc, amosavali isev da isev Tavad

teqstia. unda aRiniSnos,rom ilia WavWavaZis SemoqmedebaSi publicistur Tu saliteratu-ro werilebSi, prozasa da poemebSi ufro mkafiodaa Camoyalibebuli sarwmunoebrivi

mrwamsi vidre mis lirikaSi.rogorc batoni lado minaSvili aRniSnavs `ilia WavWavaZis

mxatvruli saTqmeli Tavdapirvelad lirikuli formiT gamoixata. iliam Tavisi mwerluri

moRvaweoba lirikiT daiwyo, xolo Semdeg sakuTar grZnobaTa daxasiaTbas TandaTan See-nacvla im viTarebis, im motivTa farTod gansaxiereba da gaSla, rac misi grZnobebis gan-

msazRvrelad gamodioda. aman ki vrceli epikur Janrebi moiTxova, xolo asakSi Sesul mwe-

ralTan mxatvruli warmosaxva TandaTan mkvlevrisa da publicistis mgznebare gulma da

dinjma argumentirebulma msjelobam Secvala.“ axalgazrda mwerlis zneobrivi principe-


60

bis warmmarTveli da mis mier Seqmnil mxatvrul saxeTa wyaro is aRzrda-ganaTlebacaa, ro-melic ymawvilma iliam miiRo da romelic ukve aRniSna.

religiuri nakadi da saxismtyvelebis formebi ilias lirikaSi faqizadaa Semotanili

da ganfenili, Tumca yovel leqss RvTiurobis beWedi azis da qristianul samosSia gaxveu-

li. yvela problema, razedac saubaria mis lirikaSi — zneobrivi srulyofilebis, sikeTis, siyvarulis, TavisuflebisTvis brZolis, rwmenis, adamianis daniSnulebiT, qristianuli

sibrZniTaa nakvebi. ilia Tavis leqsebSi, maSinac ki roca yofier, miwier sakiTxebs ganixi-

lavs, upirvelesad, mimarTavs RmerTs, RvTaebas. agreTve naTlad ikveTeba mis lirikaSi

bibliuri saxeebi. ilias lirikis religiuri personalia aseTia — masSi Cans mamis, Zisa da suliwmindis saxeebi.

mwerali gverds ver auvlida qristianobis mTavar moZRvrebebs, rac Cveni religiis

qvakuTxeds, principebs warmoadgens romelTac marTmadidebloma eyrdnoba. ilia werda:

`Cven gvesmis, da advilad gamosacnobic aris, risTvis gvixaria ieso qristes Sobis dRe, am dRes daibada sikvdiliTa sikvdilisa damTrgunveli da cxovrebis momniWebeli macxovari

qveynisa, RmerTi yovlad mowyalebisa da yovlad mxsnelis siyvarulisa. gvimoZRvra ufal-

ma:.~viT mama zecisa iyavn Senc srulio“, umoZRvra kacs da amiT gvamcno, rom kaci SemZlebel

aris aRsvlad RvTaebis sisrulemde...“ ilias adamianuri srulyofilebis simbolod zeciuri mama hyavs miCneuli. qriste mTa-

ze qadagebisas mouwodebda xalxs: `iyveniT Tqven srul, viTarca mamai Tqveni zecaTai srul

ars.“ ilias zemoT aRniSnuli gaazrebani didad gvexamreba mis lirikaSi adamianis qristia-

nuli iedalis Sesaswavlad, imis warmosaCenad Tu rogor unda gvesmodes saxarebiseuli

sityvebi:~ viTa mama zecisa iyavn Senc srul.“ es kargad Cans mis leqsSi, `rodemdis“. `rodemdis unda Cven ar vscnobdeT sicocxlis fassa?

rodemdis ar vscemT RvTiurs niWsa Rirssa Tayvansa? mis yovel wuTsa sifrTxiliTa ratom ar vxarjavT

da mis aq yofnas amaoebad risTvisa vsaxavT?

Zrwode sulelo! nuTu qristes ar cnob sityviTa,

nuTu Sens Tavsa mtvriTa Seqmnils hxedav kvlav mtvrada da Sens sicocxles, am ukvdav niWs, mtvris Tanamgzavrad?

rom marto misTvis igi ar gaqvs, qristem sTqva cxadad...

nuTu ar ici ras gamcnebda RmerTi jvarcmuli

ros brZana:~viTa mama zecis, iyavn Senc sruli“!

kacis RmerTamde amaRlebis gzebi jer kidev Zvel aRTqmaSia dasaxuli, roca ufali Ta-

visi saxiT qmnis adamians. cxadia, rom adamianis principuli mimsgavseba RmerTTn adamianis

srulyofilebis aRiarebaa, rasac mxolod qristianoba uSvebs. aqve unda ganisazRvros Tu rogor unda uaxlovdebodes adamiani sikeTes, rgoro unda daemsgavsos RmerTs?

adamiani ar aris Seqmnili mxolod biologiuri arsebobisaTvis, adamiani arc mxolod

WvretisTvis aris Sqmnili, igi Seqmnilia imiisaTvis, rom imoqmedos! srulyofileba iTva-

liswinebs qristes sityvaTa Secnobas, misi cnebiT sazrdoobas da Tu sWairo iqna unda vem-

sxverploT kidec mas. qristianobis umTavresi mcneba siyvarulia, rodesac mociqulebi ekiTxebian macxo-

vars, romeli ars umTavresi mcneba macxovari pasuxobs:~ Seiyuaro ufali RmerTi Seni yov-

liTa guliTa SeniTa da yovliTa suliTa SeniTa, da yovliTa gonebiTa SeniTa. ese ars didi

da pirveli mcnebai da meore msgavsi amisa: ` Seiyvaro moyvasi Seni, viTarca TaviTvisi.“ —


61

aqedan gamomdinare umTavresia siyvarulis mcneba. RvTaebrivi sityva adridanve aRebeWda

poetis suls, es Cans mis adreul leqsSi ~giyvardes“.

`kaco giyvardes!

caT SamomZaxes ros maT dambades yvelgan eg sityva da marad win momyva

da qveynad Cems svlas

scemda wminda naTels.

misTvisc getyvi Zmas: Senca giyvardes!

am leqsSi sCans ara marto siyvarulisadmi misi damokidebuleba, aramed am Zalis sawyi-

si, STamagonebeli. poeti Tavis lirikaSi kacTmoyvareobas, moZmeTa siyvaruls qadagebs, rac RvTis siyva-

rulsac iTvaliswinebs da qveynad ilias svlas wminda naTels scems.RvTisa da kacis siyva-

ruliT unda davemsgavsoT Cven qristes, gavxdeT srulyofilni, raTa caTa sasufevelSi sa-

ukuno sicocxle davimkvidroT. amiT ilia uSualod mihyveba saxarebaTa idealebs.

`Sengan namcnebis siyvaruliT aRmenTos guli“

an kidev:

`aRar maqvs sazrdo sulisaTvis me

arc siZulvilSi arc siyvarulSi.“

qristianuli siyvaruli Cans roca samSoblos siyvarulze saubrobs ilia:

`mas aqeT raki Sendami vcan me siyvaruli hoi, mamulo gamikrTa me Zili da Sveba!“

`kargi guli ki maSinve scnobs,

am siZulvilSi raodeni siyvarulia.“

`mamulisa siyvarulma

Zmoba gulSi Cagviyena.“ `da me ar vCivi, dmixarian rom egreT hSvreba

Cemi cxovreba Sensa fiqrSi, Sens siyvarulSi.

qristianuli siyvaruliTaa STagonebuli ilias satrfialo lirikac:

`da qalwulebis krTomiT, morcxvobiT

me Sens siyvaruls meubneboda.“

`misTvis, rom iq hfrens xSirad bulbuli,

siyvaruliTa aRtacebuli, iq Seyvarebuls Cems wamxdarsa guls

vaswavli misgan wminda siyvaruls.“

`ra dagkocnis Sen sxivi avroris,

celq siyvaruliT gaRviZebulsa. Tu ar sizmriT, maS riT dastkbes

uimedo siyvaruli!“

`turfam egre ganirida


62

Cemi wminda siyvaruli!“ `neta im dros!...siyvarulis

mets arafers Cven ar vgrZnobdiT“

sad ars aRmtacis siyvarulis tanjva samoTxe?“ qristianuli ideebidan umTavresi — `giyvardeT mterni Tqvenni da akurTxebdiT mwye-

varTa TqvenTa da keTil uyavT moZuleTa TquenTa da elocvidiT maT, romelni mgZlavrob-

dnen Tquen da gdevnidnen Tquen — aisaxa ilias `locvaSic“.

`gTxovde, `Seunde, ar ician RmerTo ras iqman“. rogorc vnaxeT, ilias lirikam asaxa umaRlesi humanizmis idea.rac qristianuli reli-

giis mTavar arss warmoadgens. kidev erTxel aRvniSnav, rom siyvarulis motivi gasdevs mis

ara mxolod religiuri xasiaTis leqesbs, aramed mTlianad ilias lirika, am ideiTaa nasaz-

rdoebi. axla ki ilias lirikaSi gamovyof erT mTavar qvakuTxeds da arss qristianuli religi-

isa—am qveyniuri tanjvis safasurad sasufevelSi moxvedra.SeiZleba Tamamad iTqvas, rom

ilias moRvaweoba am moZRvrebas namdvilad iTvaliswinebs da mihyveba. ra Tqma unda es idea

mwerlis Semoqmedebasac unda aesaxa. patriotuli motivisa da qristianuli eTikis Serwymas warmoadgens momavali gmiris

aRrzdis Temaze dawerili leqsebi. maT Soris qristianuli lirikis nimuSia leqsi „ g.ab-

x(azs)“ masSi warmoCndeba Tu rogori unda iyos bavSvis ideali, rogor unda aRizardos igi.

leqsi dalocvis formiTaa dawerili:

`RmerTo! akurTxe am yrmisa Zalni,

xalxT samsaxurad mieci Rone,

aRuxven xedvad Sisarni Tvalni,

tanjvis nugeSi mas STaagone.

aq CvenTvis sayuradReboa erTi fraza „tanjvis nugeSi“, igi SeiZleba orgvarad gaviaz-

roT: 1. rogorc amqveyniuri tanjvis safasurad sasufevelSi moxvedris imedi da 2. pirov-

nebis tanjvis safasurad eris tanjvis Semsubuqeba. orgavri gaazreba am frazisa, ra Tqma unda erTmaneTs ar gamoricxavs. samSoblosadmi Tavganwirva rCeulTa xvedria. es ki ukve

imas niSnavs, rom Tavganwirva da Tavis Sewirva umaRlesi idealisaTvis—samSoblosaTvis sa-

ukuno sasufevels dagimkvidrebs. mamulis siyvaruli advili ar aris, is msxverpls moiTx-

ovs. ara marto vaJkacisagan, aramed qalisagan da kidev ufro Znelia msxverplis gaReba de-disaTvis. iliam ki swored qarTvel dedas movaleobad dausaxa Svili aRzardos samSoblo-

saTvis Tavgasawirad; es ki imas niSnavs, rom bavSvi qristes cnebebze aRizrdeba.

„visac Ze ar Seuklavs, ros mamuls Wirvebia,

Svilo, im vaglax dedas

Svili ar hyvarebia!“ („nana“)

saukuno sasufevels win uZRvis mxolod da mxolod siyvaruli. siyvaruli tanjvis

gziT aniWebs poets sulier sicocxles:

` risTvis miyvarxar? misTvis rom cremlsa

hbadavs Cems TvalSi es siyvaruli;


63

misTvis, rom mtanjvels Cem avsa bedsa ufro sastikad ebrZvis es guli.

risTvis miyvarxar?misTvis, rom Sens Tvals

am guls ali ar udnobs cremlsa,

misTvis miyvarxar, rom maZlev tanjvas da im tanjvaSi srul sicocxlesa.“

siyvaruli „sruli sicocxlis“ momniWebelia. adamianis daniSnulebas da sulis ukvda-

vebas exeba usaTauro leqsi „ usuldgmulo cxovreba“, sadac poeti mijnavs adamianSi war-mavalsa da maradiuls, xorcsa da suls, amasTan saulis maradiulobis wyarod saqmes

asaxelebs .

„usuldgmulo cxovreba cis niWad nu ggonia,

igi miwis yofila

rasac bolo qonia~.

„vinc kargi saqmiT aRniSnavs Tavis drosa!

is iqav ewafeba

ukvdavebis wyaros“

aq avtori pirdapir exmianeba saxarebas, sadac macxovari ambobs: `xolo romelman svas wylisa misgan, romelime mivsce me mas, arrara iqmnes mis Soris wyaro wylisa, romeli

vidodis cxorebad saukunod“ aq zeciuri maradiuli cxovrebaa nagulisxmevi, sulis

ukvdavebis saTave pirdapir aris gacxadebuli.

ilia WavWavaZis mTeli cxovreba da Semoqmedeba ganmsWvaluli iyo qristianuli suliskveTebiT. swored amitom Seracxa igi wmindanad qristianulma eklesiam. qristianul

moZRvrebasa emyareba misi yoveli nawarmoebi. ilias lirikas aqvs agreTve Tanxvedra fsal-

munebTan. ilia WavWavaZis religiuri azrovnebis wyaroebia: biblia da qarTuli qristi-

anuli saazrovno tradiciebi, Zv.qarTuli mwerlobisa da am dros cnobili filosofiuri moZRvrebani.

gamoyenebuli literatura: 1. e. vardoSvili, „religiuri nakadi ilia WavWavaZis lirikaSi“ Tb. universitetis gamom-

cemloba, 2003. 2. l. minaSvili, „ ilia WavWavaZe. Tbilisi, nakaduli.1986. 3. m. niniZe, „madlis wyaro“ Tbilisi. 1937. 4. n. siWinava, „gza marTlisa“ Tbilis, universali, 2007. 5. T. SarabiZe, „qristianuli motivebi XIX saukunis qarTvel klasikosTa lirikaSi“ Tb.

universitetis gamomcemloba, 2008.


64

TinaTin lekiaSvili ivane javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis


„fiqrni mtkvris piras”-Tematuri mravalferovneba

xelmZRvaneli profesori: daviT wowkolauri

jer ganucdeli, jer uTqmeli sibrZne da sevda SegvaJrJolebs nikoloz baraTaSvilis

Semoqmedebis gacnobisas. sevdis motivi met-naklebad yvela romantikosisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli, magram es

sul sxva sevdaa; es gaCenidan melanqoliuri, suliT oboli kacis tkivilia. `Tu grigol

orbeliani did bavSvad darCa sikvdilamde, samagierod diswuli, nikoloz baraTaSvili

naoWebiani SubliT daibada~ — werda geronti qiqoZe. es iyo misi tragediis mizezic. biografebi da Tanamedroveni nikoloz baraTaSvils mxiarul, gonebamaxvil, enakvimat

axalgazrdad gvixataven, megobarTa wris sulad da gulad. Tavis leqsebsa da werilebSi ki is

gvevlineba Savmosasxamian, demoniT Sepyrobil arsebad, sikvdilis landadevnebul Wabukad.

sicili, didi iumori, laRi mxiaruleba da ukidegano sevda misi sulis polusebi iyo.

garSemomyofTagan veravin xedavda masSi `usafar yrmas~, msoflio mniSvnelobis genioss, romelsac suli exuTeboda yoveldRiurobis sakanSi. (roca masze, rogorc poetze saub-

robdnen, mis debs mxolod eRimebodaT Turme, warmodgena ar hqondaT vin iyo maTi Zma).

winamdebare moxsenebaSi SevecdebiT, mimovixiloT nikoloz baraTaSvilis sayovel-

Taod aRiarebuli leqsi „fiqrni mtkvris piras”, `romelic pirveli mkafiod gamomJrav-nebuli filosofiuri leqsia poetis SemoqmedebaSi. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es poeturi

nawarmoebi warmoadgens misi lirikis msoflmxedvelobriv gasaRebs.”

roca megobrebiT garSemortymul kacs martooba daaxrCobs, roca ver xedavs adamians,

romelic mas gaugebs, roca suli veRar eteva sxeulSi da moswyurdeba usazRvroeba, Tavis-Tavad Cndeba gaqcevis, wasvlis, gaclis survili, magram sad? RvTis mier Seqmnil im did fe-

nomens unda miaSuros, romelsac buneba hqvia. albaT amitom uboZa igi RmerTma adamianebs,

ar gawira sruli martoobisaTvis; bunebas xom xSirad ukeT SeuZlia gagigos. man ar icis, ra

aris biwiereba, Ralati, umaduroba, kacTa modgmis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi. bunebaSi aR-moaCina nikoloz baraTaSvilma is zneobrivi harmonia, romelic adamianTa Soris ver hpova:

„vinc maRalis grZnobis meqoni megona, igi vnaxe ugulo,visic suli ganviTarebuli megona,—

mas suli ar hqonia,visic cremlni megonebodnen cremlad sibralulisa, gamometyvelad

mSvenieris sulisa, Turme yofilan niSani cbierebisa, wveTni saSinelis sawamlavisa..“ „sad

ganisvenos sulma, sad miidrikos Tavi?“ svamda kiTxvas martosuli poeti. bunebaSi didi siyvarulia gamefebuli. `usuloT Soris“ arsebuli ena ufro metyvelia,

vidre adamianebisa:

„da ucxoveles sxvaTa enaTa

ars mniSvneloba maTi saubris.“ „me rom patara damoukidebeli mdgomareoba mqondes, axlave mivatovebdi qveyansac da

adamianebsac maTi gaumaZRrobiT da damSvidebuli da mosvenebuli gavatarebdi

patriarqalur cxovrebas martivi bunebis wiaRSi, romelic ase didebuli da mSvenieria

Cvens samSobloSi.“ swerda martosuli poeti Tavis biZas, zaqarias. cxadia, mis mokrZalebul ocnebas, ise, rogorc yvela danarCens, axdena ar ewera.Tavisi

jvari bolomde unda ezida, swored kacTa Soris, qveynis SuagulSi ecxovra da mxolod


65

gansakuTrebuli sulieri SeWirvebis Jams droebiT mieSurebina masaviT sevdiani bune-bisaTvis, romelic saocrad esalbuneboda mis mtkivan suls:

„warved wyalis pirs sevdiani fiqrT gasarTvelad,

aq veZiebdi nacnobs adgils gansasveneblad, aq, lbils mdelozed, sanugeSod viname cremliT,

aqac yoveli aremare iyo mowyeniT.

nelad moRelavs modudune mtkvari ankara

da mis zvirTebSi krTis laJvardi cisa kamara idayv dayrdnobiT yurs vugdeb me missa Cxrialsa

da Tvalni rbian Sorad, Sorad cis dasavalsa!“

„nelad moRelavs modudune mtkvari ankara `mdinare, samyaros marad cvalebadobisa da marad ucvlelobis, ubereblobis simbolo. igi mowmea aTasi Wir-varamisa da poetis dro-

indeli Tavisuflebadakarguli saqarTvelos fuWi, usixarulo yofisa.

Sors, `zenaarT samyofisaken“, „cis dasavalisaken“ miapyrobs mzeras nikoloz baraTaSvi-

li, wuTisoflis amaoebiT daRlils surs, zecis miRma SeaRwios „cnobiTa ze mxedveliTa“, is xom gansxvavebulia garSemomyofTagan da zecasTan did sulier naTesaobas grZnobs. bunebas-

Tan gansakuTrebuli siaxlove misTvis zecisaken aRmavali kibis erT-erTi safexuria.

samyaros tragikuli mouwesrigeblobis SegrZneba gamudmebuli ukmayofilebiT,

drtvinviT avsebda poetis suls.

„Cvenis daniSnulebis miznis miuRwevlobam, adamianTa survilebis usazRvroebam da mTeli mTvarisqveSeTis amaoebam saSineli sicarieliT aRavses Cemi suli“, swerda poeti

zaqaria orbelians. vfiqrobT, amgvari tragikuli fiqrebi araa mxolod konkretuli faq-

tebiTaa asaxsneli, esaa saerTod adamianuri arsebobis Tanmxlebi tragizmi, romelic yo-

velTvis iyo da iqneba. (swored ase ganmartavda n. baraTaSvilis sevdas ilia). es maradiuli qristianuli problemaa sulisa da xorcis dapirispirebas rom niSnavs.

„ar vici, am dros Cems winaSe Cemi cxovreba

rad iyo fuWi da mxoloda amaoeba?“

„amaoeba amaoTa, yovelive amao... rai umetesoba kacisa yovelsa Sina Sromasa missa, romel

Surebis mzesa queSe, naTesavi warvals da naTesavi movals da queyana hgies ukunisamde“. „eklesiastes“ didi sevda iRvreba n. baraTaSvilis leqsis dasawyisSi. yovelive amaoa am-

qveynad. maRali poeziiT naTqvami es sityvebi saukuneebis sivrceebs gadaswevda Tqva Tavisi

sevdiani sagalobeli. aseTi sevda rCeulTa xvedria. verc baraTaSvilma aicila igi.

„mainc ra aris Cveni yofa wuTisofeli?“

svams kiTxvas xandazmuli adamianis sibrZniT savse Wabuki, romelsac kargad aqvs gac-

nobierebuli, naTlad aqvs SegrZnobili kacis sicocxlis xanmokleobasa da misi survi-

lebis, miswrafebebis usasrulobas Soris gaCenili winaaRmdegoba. da pasuxsac Tavis SekiT-xvaze iqve iZleva:

„Tu araoden sawyauli aRuvsebeli“.

Tavad sityva „wuTisofeli“ mSvenivrad gamoxatavs am SekiTxvis arss da pasuxsac Tavad Seicavs. am erT sityvaSi SesaniSnavad aris Cateuli qarTveli kacis sibrZne da samyarosa da

sakuTari Tavis Secnobis miseuli niWi.


66

adamiani wuTieri stumaria am soflad:

„wuTia wuTis qveyana daxamxameba Tvalisa,

amqveynad wesi ar aris meored mosvla mkvdarisa“.

„wuTisofeli ra aris, agorebuli qva aris, ra wams ki davibadebiT, iqve saflavi mza aris“.

brZanebda Cveni winapari — is, vinc mSvenieri, tkbili, udidesi saidumlosa da sibrZnis

Semcveli qarTuli ena Seqmna. es sofeli mxolod wuTieri samyofelia „RvTis xatad“ Seqmnili kacisa, romelic sanam

maradiul sasufevels daimkvidrebs, dReniadag sakuTar zneobriv TviTsrulyofaze,

RmerTs mimsgavsebulobaze unda zrunavdes da amis magivrad gamudmebiT iRvwis, SfoTavs,

borgavs, amqveyniur didebas mieltvis. ramdenadac moklea es sofeli, imdenad xarbi da gaumaZRari, „aRuvsebeli sawyaulia“ wuTisoflis stumari, sazRvari ara aqvs misi sulis

swrafvas miuwvdomelisaken. adamianis sulieri moTxovnileba ganuzomelia. sawuTros

xanmokleoba da kacis vnebebis, miswrafebebis siWarbe, usasruloba TavisTavad qmnis

winaaRmdegobas yofierebasa da individs Soris. swored amitom igi arasodes grZnobs Tavs bednierad. bedniereba misTvis lurji frinveliviT Soreuli da marad saocnebo rCeba.

guli kacisa xarbia da bevris mdomi. es yovelive SesaniSnavad esmoda n. baraTaSvils:

„vin aris igi visTvis guli erTxel aRevsos

da rac mieRos erTxel natvriT, isi ekmaros?“

vfiqrobT, nikoloz baraTaSvilis am sityvebSi SoTas striqonebis gamoZaxili ismis:

„guli krulia kacisa,xarbi da gauZRomeli

guli JamdJamad yovelTa WirTa mTmo,lxinTa mdomeli“.

adamianis, rogorc „aRuvsebeli sawyaulis“ Tema n. baraTaSvils safrangeTis legen-

daruli imperatoris, napoleon bonapartisadmi miZRvnil leqsSic aqvs wamoWrili. masSi

poeti saocari sicxadiT xatavs saxes Zlevamosili kacisas, romlis mSfoTvare suli

sxeulSi ver eteoda, visac msoflioc ki epataraveboda asparezad, magram, didebis zenitSi asulmac ver pova bedniereba:

`magram me gvamSi suli veRar momTavsebia

miTxzavs gvirgvinsa didebisas me TviTon bedi xolo me unda mas movasxa Saravandedi...“

...`Jami Cemia da Jamisa me var imedi“.

ver isvenebs verc Raribi, verc mdidari, verc mefe, verc veziri. kacobriobis yvelaze saSineli boroteba miwisaTvis brZolaa da imaze ki aravin dafiqrebula, risTvis ibrZvian.

miswisagan Seqmna RmerTma Cveni sxeuli. kaenis codvis Semdeg ki dawyevla kacTa modgma:

„miwa xar da miwad iqec!“ da adamianebi odiTgan „aRiZvrian imav miwisTvis, rac dRes Tu xval

TviTve arian!“ „TviTon mefenic mebrZoleni

romelT umaRles amao soflad

arRa aris sxva ram dideba,SfoTven da drtvinven da ityvian:

„rodis iqneba is samefoca Cveni iyos?“


67

da aRiZvrian imav miwisTvis, rac dRes Tu xval TviTve arian!“

pavle ingoroyvas azriT, am leqsSi ori mefis saxea gamokveTili — boroti da keTilis.

„keTil mefis“ saxeSi igulisxmeba erekle II, xolo mefe tirani, mefe mebrZole“ mim-tacebeli, romelic SfoTavs, drtvinavs da ityvis: `rodis iqneba is samefoca Cveni iyos?“

imperatori nikoloz I-ia. sityvebi boroti mefisa — „rodis iqneba, is samefoca...“ leqsebis

avtografiul xelnawer gamocemebSi, romelic sazogadoebaSi gasavrceleblad iyo da-

niSnuli xazgasmulia. es xazgasma, faruli azris gansakuTrebuli miniSnebis mizniT scod-nia baraTaSvils. aseve xazgasmulia sxva leqsSi:

„Ziav, yabaxi samSoblo Seni

wagarTo avis enisa geslman satrfoni misi Semogareni

gardaxvewilsa dagixSo etlman.“

`eklesiastes“ sevdaze amaRlebuli brZeni Wabukis mousvenari fiqri kacobriobos ma-

radiul, dawyevlil kiTxvebs dastrialebs: „magram Tu erTxel unda sofels bolo moeRos,

maSin vinRa sTqvas maTi saqme, vin sadRa iyos?“

Tuki yovelive amaoa, Tuki „mova sikvdili uCinod da erT wamSi agvyris iaraRs,“ maSin

raRa azri aqvs kacis gamudmebul SfoTvas, Rvawls, Sromas?

bevr mwerals dabadebia es kiTxva da bevr maTgans iqve dausvams wertili. nikoloz baraTaSvilma ki Tavisi Semoqmedebis arc erTi kiTxva ar datova upasuxod. SekiTxvis Sem-

deg pauzas gvTavazobs da amaoebaze fiqrs sulis vaJkacur gautexelobas, daumorCileb-

lobas Seagebebs:

„magram radganac kacni gvqviand Svilni soflisa, unda kideca mivsdioT mas, gvesmas mSoblisa.

arc kaci varga, rom cocxali mkvdarsa emsgavsos,

iyos sofelSi da soflisTvis ara izrunvos!“

sabednierod, miuxedavad yovliswamlekavi ukidegano sevdisa, n. baraTaSvili arasodes darCenila mis tyved. mravali geniosisagan gansxvavebiT msofilo sevdiT daRdsmul poets

eyo sulieri Zala, keTilSobiluri daskvnebi gaekeTebina. misi sityvebi adamianis, moqala-

qis movaleobis Sesaxeb amsoflad, gmirobis tolfasia,radgan im Wabukisagan aris Tqmuli,

romelsac suli exuTeboda yofierebis sakanSi, romelic usaSvelod marto iyo, romelsac ar gaumarTla siyvarulSi, karieraSi da mainc eyo Zala da vaJkacoba, gza eCvenebina momava-

li TaobebisaTis, eswavlebina, rom adamians, RvTis xatad da saxed gaCenils, ara aqvs ufle-

ba, saso warikveTos da gulxeldakrefili daelodos sikvdils.


1. n. baraTaSvili, „ Txzulebani“ Tb.1968 w. 95 gv; 99gv;169-196gv.

2. p. ingoroyva, „TzulebaTa krebuli“, tomi I . Tb.1963 w. 14-79gv. 3. g. asaTiani, „saukunis poetebi“ Tb. 1988 w. 90-112gv.

4. g. qiqoZe, „werilebi esseebi narkvevebi“ Tb.1985 w. 57-76gv.

5. S. rusTaveli, „vefxistyaosani~ saskolo gamocema. Tb. 2006 w. 206 gv.

6. biblia, saqarTvelos sapatriarqo. Tb.1989 w . 587gv.


68

magda naTaZe soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti, bakalavriati

vasil barnovis `tkbili duduki~ da `yvavilebSi~


vasil barnovi iTvleba qarTuli istoriuli romanis fuZemdeblad. is pirveli mwerali

iyo, vinc Seexo iseT Temebs,razec aqamde aqcenti aravis gaukeTebia. Semoitana litertura-

Si filosofiuri da Teologiuri mosazrebebi. rogorc cnobilia, mamamisi mRvdeli iyo, mi-si pirveli WeSmariti maswavlebeli ki kopale-iaRsaris xatis dekanozi, qarTuli warmar-

Tuli religiis erT-erTi gadarCenili qurumTagani-kurdRela. romlisganac Seiswavla

warmarTuli RvTismsaxurebis wesebi, rac Semdeg didi codniT aisaxa Tavis TxzulebebSi.

agreTve mis cnobierebaze didi gavlena moaxdina imanac, rom barnovma daamTavra sasulie-ro akademia da kargad icnobda filosofias, religias, istoriasa da sxvadasxva moazrovne-

Ta Teoriebs, rac aSkarad Seetyo SemdgomSi mwerlis Semoqmedebas.

vasil barnovi samyaros aRqmisas ZiriTadad sam problemaze amaxvilebs yuradRebas:

RmerTze, mSvenierebasa da siyvarulze. samyaros sawyiss warmoadgens RmerTi. mas es esmis ara Teologiurad, aramed filoso-

fiurad. barnovisaTvis ar arsebobs WeSmariti da mcdari religia. mwerlisTvis RmerTi

araa arc qriste, arc armazi, aramed pirvelmizezi yovlisa arsebobisa, — absoluturi na-

Teli da sikeTe. mSveniereba `RvTis saxis anareklia~, romelic materialur samoselSi gvevlineba am

qveynad.

siyvaruli, barnovis gagebiT, sikeTes ganasaxierebs da adamianebs akeTilSobilebs.

mxolod mas ZaluZs aziaros adamiani maradiul mSvenierebasa da netarebas,zeciur naTelsa

da sikeTes. mSvenierebasa da sikeTesTan Tanaziari siyvaruli, rogorc platonis,ise barnovis kon-

cefciiT maradiulia da uZleveli. platonis gagebiT “— erosi yvelaze Zveli,yvelaze Zal-

morWmuli, yvelaze pativsacemi RvTaebaa ukvdavTa Soris, radgan yvelaze metad mas ZaluZs

saTnoebasa da netarebas aziaros kaci, rogorc am qveynad, ise saiqioSi” (vaxtang inauri”—siyvaruli da mSveniereba vasil barnovis (barnavelis) prozaSi” .gv.11).

siyvaruli da mSveniereba barnovisaTvis erTi sawyisis orgvari gamovlinebaa.`siyvaru-

li simSvenierea da TviT RmerTia.silamaze zeciuri da qveyniuri oriv erTi siyvarulia”

SeiZleba moispos siyvarulis matarebeli pirovneba rogorc `nivTieri” arseba,magram uk-vdavi rCeba suli,romelic inarCunebs siyvarulis unars (vaxtang inauri. iqve.).

barnovi religiur dogmatikasa da saeklesio kanonistikas upirispirebda maradiul,

naTel da dausrulebel siyvaruls, romelic warmodgenilia nawarmoebSi, rogorc reli-

gia, rogorc RmerTis Zala. mas SeuZlia mianiWos adamians ukvdaveba da maradiuli bednie-reba. siyvarulis SemweobiT xdeba pirovnebaSi sakuTari arsebis Secnoba da sulis Tanaz-

rda, misi Tanaziareba, rac ukvdavebis Tanaziarebas uswordeba, radgan sikvdilsa da bed-

nisweraze ufro Zlieria. igi macocxlebeli Zalis mqonea. amitomaa, rom siyvaruliT Sepy-

robili suli grZnobs, rom is ukvdavi da maradiulia. mas swams, rom warsulSic arsebobda

da momavalSic iarsebebs. gardasul droTa suraTebic mkveTri ferebiT aris aRbeWdili mis


69

xsovnaSi. magram,es siyvarulis saxiT agondeba gmirs, xolo siyvarulis Secnobisa da dakar-guli calis mignebis Semdeg,TandaTanobiT naTeli efineba mis gardasul cxovrebas awmyo-

Si. xedavs aramarto im garemos, sadac mas ucxovria, aramed adrindeli arsebobis dros yo-

fil satrfos saxesac cnobs da kvlav miiltvis misken.magram,Tu awmyoSi ver miaRwia masTan

SeerTebsa, mas swams momavali bednierebisa da sjera xelaxlad xilul samyaroSi movline-bis Semdeg eziareba mis ganuyofel calTan erTad netar cxovrebas. (vaxtang inauri. iq-

ve.gv.5-6).

es aris Zvelinduri Teoria sulTa gradaciis Sesaxeb,reinkarnacia.(reinkarnacia la-

Tinuri sityvaa,`re”ganmeorebiTi moqmedebis aRmniSvnelia, `inkarnaciak-gansxeulebas niSnavs)adamianis suli sikvdilis Semdeg ukan brundeba.es mosazreba jer kidev tomobriv

gaerTianebis dros arsebobda.qristianul avtorTagan am ideas iziarebda origene,rom-

lis naSromebica da Sexedulebebic 1076wels konstantnopolis mexuTe saeklesio krebam

dagmo da gaanadgura.amiT reinkarnacia TiTqos sabolood aRmoifxvra qristianuli msoflmxedvelobidan.origenes tradiciaSi mdgomi bevri qristiani avtori miiCnevs,rom

reinkarnacia qristianobisTvis organuli ideaa da misi mowyveta qristianuli azrovne-

bis samyarodan dauSvebeli Secdomaa.maTi avtorebi xSirad axdenen saxarebis citireba-

sac.sadac mravlad aris pirdapiri Tu iribi miTiTeba sulis mravaljer mosvlaze saaqa-os.amis dasturad Tundac bibliis im frazis moyvana SeiZleba,sadac nazareveli ilias

gansxeulebad miiCnevs ioanes(maTes saxareba.17-12-13) (“reinkarnacia anu visi s(xe)uli

gsurs?” www.gvelesiani.de/ge) reinkarnacias mravlad hyavda evropeli mimdevrebi(telezio,cvinveli,bruno).sulTa

gadasaxlebis swamdaT laibnics,goeTes,Silers,bones,lesings,Sopenhauers da uamrav sxva

cnobil pirovnebas. reinkarnacia anu visi s(xe)uli gsurs?” www.gvelesiani.de/ge) gansakuTrebuli aRzeveba dasavleTis samyaroSi am Sexedulebam jer kidev elena bla-

vatskis TeosofiiT me-19 saukunis dasasruls,.xolo,Semdgom rudolf Staineris anTropo-logiiT ganicada.”cxovrebaSi suli aris ganmeoreba Tavisive Tavisa,im gancdaTa nayofi-

TurT,romelic mas hqonda warsul cxovrebaSi”(rudolf Staineri”Teosofia”.gv.65)

budistebi da jainistebi srulad aRiarebdnen reinkarnaciis “cxovelur” variants.am

mimdinareobaSi yvelaferi wrebrunvaa.dRes suli SeiZleba kurdRelSi movides,xval ra-jistanis mefis sxeulSi,zeg bzikSi da ase usasrulod.

Zvel saberZneTSi reinkarnaciis mimdevarTagan gansakuTrebul aRniSvnas “codnis moy-

varulni”-filolofosebi piTagora da platoni imsaxureben.

induri wamroSobis religiebSi reinkarnaciis idea mWidro kavaSirSia karmis cnebas-Tan.SeiZleba movitanoT gansazRvreba,romelsac iZleva episkoposi nikoloz serbeli:”re-

inkarnacia es aris ganmeorebiTi dabadeba anu dabadeba axal sxeulSi.kacis iqneba is Tu

cxovelis RvTis nebis Tanaxmad ki ar gadadis, aramed karmis mixedviT,romelsac emorCile-

bian TviT RmerTebic.karma es aris keTil da borot saqmeTa erToblioba,romelic ganapi-robebs Tu romel sxeulSi gamoCndeba suli,rodesac datovebs mkvdar sxeuls.karma gan-

sazRvravs RmerTebisa da adamianis beds” (Николай Сербсский “Индиские письма”) (www.oldor-

thodox.ge“marTlmadidebeli mamebi reinkarnaciis Sesaxeb)

rogorc Cans,yovelive amas kargad icnobda barnovi da TviTonac eTanxmeboda sulTa

gradaciis sakiTxs.swored es Tema aqvs wamoWrili moTxrobebSi “tkbili duduki” da “yvavi-lebSi”.ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani.

moTxrobaSi “tkbili duduki” mixa aris personaJi,romelmac ganicada reinkarnacia.”ma-

Sinve meniSna,maSinve mivxvdi,rom nacnobi hangi iyo.is xma kidev gamigonia,rodesac didi vi-

yav da sul sxvanairad vcxovrobdi”-eubneba daTikos dudukis xmis gagonebisas.”me Cems me-


70

uRles vnaxam Tu ara maSinve vicnob xmasa da Tvalebaze”.Sexvda qeTeTos da roca qalma dak-vra daiwyo mixvda rom ipovna is,visac amden xans eloda da eZebda.qeTeTo sikvdilis win ix-

senebs mixas:”mec vewamebodi uSenod,siyvarulo!gavige Cemi Secdoma,gicani,magram gvianRa

iyo.mindoda gameziarebina SenTvis Cemi tanjva,magram es Ralati iqneboda nakurTxi gvir-

gvinisa.”mxolod amis Semdeg kvdeba mSvidad.qeTeTosac gaaxsenda, rom wina cxovrebaSi mi-xas coli iyo.mixa ver uZlebs amxela danakargs da Tavs iklavs,raTa saiqios mainc Seuer-

Tdes gulis swors.

da ra xdeba “yvavilebSi”?!

gonji,kuziani babale yvelasgan gariyulia.dascinian,ecodebaT,aklia mTavari-siTbo da siyvaruli.dasawyisSi gadmocemulia maxinji adamianis sulieri mdgomareoba.”raRa var

aw Tu ara gadagdebuli RvTisganac da kacisganac uaryofili,usargeblo,uxmari,cocxlad

mkvdari.””me geri var cxovrebas moZulebuli.gakicxuli,damcirebuli.”babale RmerTs ar

sayvedurobs ratom gaswira ase.magram,”gana marTla aseTi usamarTloa dambadebeli,rom Tavis gaCenilisaTvis wyaloba ram ar miepyro siuxviTagan Tavisisa.”nugeSad gamouCnda yva-

vilebi,ramac sul gadaaviwya Tavisi dardi.daiwyo fiqri Tu ratom iyo aseTi.”ax.netav sad

minaxavs es mSvenieri yvavilebi an rodis?magram amqveyniuri saxisa da ferisa rom ar arian-

!Tumca aRbeWdili maqvs gonebaSi maTi saxe.”babale wina cxovrebis codvis safasurad miiC-nevs Tavis gonjobas.”ax.ai,magondeba,magram ver momigonia!vici,axla Zalian kargad vici,-

magram mainc ver gamixsenebia.”bolos yvelaferi yvavilebma moagona.gaaxsenda Tavisi sila-

maze,is mSvenieri adgili sadac wina cxovrebaSi uyvarda yofna,swored iq enaxa es yvavile-

bic.ampartavnoba romelic gamoiCina masze Seyvrebuli vaJis mimarT.swored,amitom dasaja

RmerTma da moavlina meored maxinji.amis mere mSvidad itans gasaWirs.saaqaoSi siyvaruls moklebuli imedovnebs,rom saiqioSi “vpovebT ornive samoTxes Cemgan odesme uaryofilsa

da dakarguls”-o.

ra aris am moTxrobebis ZiriTadi idea?!

ra Tqma unda mTavari saTqmeli mainc sulTa gradaciis arsebobaa,is rom rac sul gad-moaqvs pirveli cxovrebidan esaa siyavruli.garda amisa,moTxrobaSi “tkbili duduki” gad-

mocemulia erTis mxriv bavSvobisdroindeli wrfeli megobroba da meores mxriv,pativmoy-

vareoba da anagareba.

moTxrobaSi “yavilebSi” erT-erTi mniSvneolovani Temaa RmerTi da mSveniereba sulisa. ”suli! suli! xelmoukidebelia igi, uxilavi.xateba RvTisa xorcSi udna iyos Casaxuli,tan-

Si Caqsovili!Semoqmedi yovlad srulia yovelmxriv! xorcis simaxinjes yovelTvis ar mos-

devs sulis siave!” aq gadmocemulia Tu ra sulier oblobas,damcirebasa da arasrulfasov-

nebis kompleqss ganicdian fizikurad maxinji adamianebi.” ax! rad ggonia saxeba RvTisa mxo-lod sxeulis aRnaqvsSi iyos dabeWdili?ra ici,rom suli RvTaebrivi ara aqvs mag beCavsa?-

”.nawils aborotebs sazogadoebis msgavsi ugulo damokidebulebani,nawili ki,miuxedavad

yvelafrisa suliT mSvenieria.swored amis Cveneba surs barnovs.”Semoqmedi yovlad srulia

yovelmxriv”-ambobs mwerali da amiT xazs usvams imas,rom Tu fizikurad gonjs aCens adami-ans,samagierod sxva rames mihmadlebs.miuxedavad amisa,mainc erTi RmerTi arsebobs,sawyisi

samyarosi,romelic mudam pirvel adgilzea mis SemoqmedebaSi.

rac Seexeba mxatvrul mxares.vfiqrob,arc erT moTxrobas mxatvruli Rirebuleba ar

gaaCnia.Tu gadavxedavT barnovis sxva nawarmoebebs maT fonze miTumetes.Txroba orive na-

warmoebSi mimdinareobs ubralod.SeiZleba iTqvas promitiuladac ki.ar gamoirCeva mxat-vruli xerxebis siuxviT.stiliT uaxlovdeba zRapars.TumcaRa sasiamovnod ikiTxeba da

saTqmelic kargad aris gadmocemuli.


71

dasasrulisTvis unda aRvniSnoT,rom vasil barnovi iyo pirveli mwerali,vinc Seexo sulis gradaciis Temas.ramdenadac siyaruli misTvis aris TviT RmerTi,amdenad Seyvarebu-

li adamiani Tavis TavSi erTgvarad atarebs RvTis nawils,rac aZlevs uflebas sikvdilis

Semdeg ganiwminods yovelgvari codvisgan.moTxrobebSi mTavar Temad wamoWrilma sakiTxma

dagvanaxa,rom”siyvaruli da mSveniereba orive RmerTia am qveynad.”


1. vaxtang inauri “siyvaruli da mSveniereba vasil barnovis(barnavelis) prozaSi” (2006w)

2. rudolf Staineri “Teosofia”

3. www.gvelesiani.de/ge “reinkarnacia anu visi (sx)euli gsurs?”

4. www.odlorthodox.ge “marTlmadidebeli mamebi reinkarnaciis Sesxeb”


72

naTia Wkadua ivane javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo


yrma martvilis saxeebi ramdenime qarTuli da erTi bizantiuri

Txzulebis mixedviT

xelmZRvaneli profesori: nana gonjilaSvili

naSromSi `yrma martvilTa saxeebi ramdenime qarTuli da erTi bizantiuri agiografiu-

li Txzulebis mixedviT“ (kerZod: „daviT da tiriWanis wamebis“, „cxra Zma kolaelTa wame-

bis“, „wameba¡ wmidaTa dedaTa¡ - sofia¡si da asulTa misTa¡ — pistisi, elpidisi, aRapisi“,

„SuSanikis wamebis“) ganxilulia bavSvTa mowameobis sakiTxi. TxzulebaTa Seswavlis Sede-gad gamokveTili problematika amgvaria: yrmis mowameobis sakiTxi, mSoblis roli yrmis mo-

wameobis gzaze da martvili bavSvis Rvawlis mniSvneloba.

yovel agiografiul nawarmoebSi ZiriTadi is aris, „rogori cxovrebiT unda icxovros

konkretulma pirovnebam, raTa igi gaxdes idealuri adamiani“. amis magaliTi gankacebulma

iesom mogvca. yoveli wmindanis cxovreba baZvaa macxovris mier ganvlili amqveyniuri cxov-rebis gzisa. isini yovel nabijze emowmebian qristes. bavSvebi ki, romlebic qristes mowame-

ebi xdebian, emsgavsebian yrma ieso nazarevels.

saxarebaSi iesos bavSvobidan ramdenime epizodia moyvanili. upirveles yovlisa, esaa

axalSobili ieso bagaSi; Semdeg ukve winadacveTili yrmis ierusalmSi taZrad miyvana da mirqma. saxareba rogorc gvauwyebs, yrma izrdeboda da gansacvifrebel sulier simtkicesa

da sibrZnes iCenda. Tormeti wlis ieso mSoblebma paseqis dResaswaulze ierusalimSi waiy-

vanes. ukan dabrumebis dro rom movida, ieso uCumrad taZarSi darCa. mSoblebma gzaSi aRmo-

aCines, rom igi maTTan erTad ar iyo. dabrundnen da moZRvaTa Soris ipoves. igi ismenda uf-rosebis saubars da Tavadac svamda kiTxvebs.

saeklesio mwerlobaSi cnobilia erTi apokrifi — „ siyrme uflisa Cvenisa ieso qriste-

si“, romelic mirqmas ikiTxeboda, rogorc saerTod apokrifs axasiaTebs, Txzuleba aRad-

gens iesos cxovrebis erT epizods, romelsac saxareba ar icnobs. Turme erT SabaTs xuTi wlis iesos Tixisgan Tormeti Citi gamouZerwavs. yrmas, SabaT dRes garjis gamo, mama gau-

javrda. maSin iesom Citebi xelSi aiRo da saTiTaod caSi aafrina. yvelas akvirvebda yrmis

aseTi saqcieli da ambobdnen: „ eseviTari ar mixilavs Cven yrmaÁ“.

Zvel qarTulSi yrma/yma niSnavda bavSvs, axalgazrdas, vaJs, yrmas. sulxan-saba wers: „Wabuki yrmadac iTqmis“. qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikoni ki miuTiTebs: „yrma - bavSvi,

ymawvili, axalgazrda, Wabuki“. sulxan-saba yrmas amgvarad ganmartavs: „aTxuTmetis wliT-

gan vidre ocamde vaJsa da qals yrma¡ ewodebis“. „sityvis konis“ sxvadasxva redaqciebSi es

asaki gansxvavebulia. yvela SemTxvevaSi, sabas mixedviT, yrma 10-dan 20 wlamde asakSi Tav-

sdeba. qarTul agiografiul ZelebSi, „yrma“ ufro mcire asakis bavSvze iTqmis. „yrma ewodeba

rogorc Cvils, aseve, saerTod, zrdadausrulebel adamians, mozards.“ marTalia, ioane sa-

banisZe 17-18 wlis abos Sesaxeb gvauwyebs : „da ese iyo yrma Wabuk, viTar aTvrametis, gina uk-

ninÀs aCvidmeti wlis“, magram am konteqstSi „yrma“ „Wabukis“ gverdiT gvxvdeba. Wabuki, sa-bas mixedviT, 15-30 wlisaa. SesaZloa, „yrma Wabuki“ adreul siWabuked gaviazroT.


73

„yrmobas“ asakobrivi mniSvnelobis garda sulieri gagebac aqvs. maTes saxareba mog-viTxrobs, rom iesos „mohguares yrmebi, raÁTamca Ãeli dasdva maT zeda da akurTxa igini,

xolo mowafeni hrisxvides maT. xolo iesu hrqua maT: „acadeT yrmebsa magaT mosvlad Cemda

da nu ayenebT magaT, rameTu egeviTarTa¡ ars sasufeveli caTa¡“. am adgils netari Teofi-

laqte bulgareli ase ganmartavs: „egeviTarTa“ e.i. wrfelTa, ucodvelTa, uborotoTa. e.i. zrdasrulma adamianma sulieri simtkiciT unda xelaxla moipovos bavSvobis Tandayolili

umankoeba. „romelman daimdablos Tavi T¢si, viTarca yrma¡ ese, igi ufroÁs iyos sasufe-

velsa caTasa“. rogorc vxedavT, saxarebaSi yrmoba gaazrebulia rogorc gansakuTrebuli

sulieri mdgomareoba. bavSvebi yvelaze axlos arian RmerTTan. yovelive es maT sxvaTagan gamorCeuls da ufro metad xelSeuxebels xdis. Tumca wamebaTa Janris agiografiul lite-

raturaSi mravlad arian mowame yrmebi.

gureviCi aRniSnavs, rom „Sua saukuneebi ar icnobs bavSvobis kategorias, viTarca ada-

mianis gansakuTrebul sulier mdgomareobas“. ismis kiTxva - SeiZleba ki bavSvis martvilo-baze saubari? ramdenad gaazrebulia bavSvis qmedeba da aris Tu ara es aqti nebis Tavisuf-

lebaze dafuZnebuli? swored am kuTxiT ganvixilavT zemodasaxelebul agiografiul

Txzulebebs.

„cxra Zma kolaelTa martviloba“ aris agiografiuli Txzuleba 7-9 wlis bavSvebis mo-wameobrivi Tavdadebis Sesaxeb. yrmebi qristiani bavSvebis baZviT moinaTlnen, ris gamoc

warmarTebma mSoblebis meTauromiT awames isini.

~wmameba¡ wmidaTa dedaTa¡ - sofia¡si da asulTa misTa¡ - pistisi, elpidisi da aRapisi“

aris bizantiuri agiografiis Zegli. sofia qvrivi iyo, italiaSi cxovrobda da qristes

mcnebebis mixedviT zrdida Svilebs, romalTac sami qriatianuli saTnoebis mixedviT pisti (rwmena), elpidi (sasoeba) da aRapi (siyvaruli) daarqva. marTlmadidebalTa devnisas yvel-

gan daufaravad icavdnen sarwmunoebas, amitom isini romis imperators mihgvares. adrienem

artemidis kerpis Tayvaniscema mosTxova maT, Tumca uari miiRo. sami dRe misca mosafiqreb-

lad. am drosi ganmavlobaSi deda Caagonebdsa, moZRvravda Svilebs. sami dRis Semdeg impe-ratorma saTiTaod daibara asulni. Tavdapirvelad ufrosi, Tormeti wlis pisti ixmo. sas-

tikad awames igi, xelebi zurgsukan Seukres da gvemes, Semdeg mkerdi moaWres da Wrilobebi

gaxurebuli kecemiT mouwves. bolos Tavi mohkveTes. mis wamebas uyurebdnen deda da debi.

aTi wlis elpide gamxmari ZarRvebiT gvemes Zelze gaakres da rkinis CanglebiT jijgnes. bo-los masac Tavi mohkveTes. jeri nabolaraze midga. igi ise sastikad awames, rom misi nawile-

bis Segrovebac ki Wirda. dedas yvelaze saSineli wameba xvda wilad. igi uyurebda Svilebis

tanjvas, Semdeg maTi nawilebi moagrova da Tavisive xeliT agebul saydarSi dafla. sami

dRis Semdeg Tavadac miicvala. orive TxzulebaSi, „cxra Zma kolaelta martvilobasa“ da „wminda sofisa wamebaSi“,

yrma mowameTa asaki Tormet wels ar aRebateba. isini sxvadasxvagvar situaciaSi imyofebian.

sofia mTavari gulSematkivaria Tavisi asulebisa. kolaeli yrmebis mowinaaRmdegeni ki sa-

kuTari mSoblebi arian. miuxedavad amgvari sxvaobisa, bavSvebi erTnair simtkices iCenen. ase miugeben kolaeli yrmebi mSoblebs: „ Cuen qristianeni varT da ara jer-ars, viTarmca

vWamoeT da vsueT nagebi kerpTa¡“. msgavsad amisa, pisti pasuxobs msajuls: „yven, romelica

Sen gnebavs da Semagde satanjvelTa, romelTa jer-giCns. rameTu uzeSTaes miCns yovelTa

satanjvelTa SemTxveva¡, vidremdis sulier iyo da cnobier, da ara eseviTarsa¡ sarwmunoe-

ba¡ da morCileba¡“. orive SemTxvevaSi yrmaTa sityvebica da saqcielic asakTan Seufereblad brZnulia. aq

TvalnaTliv ikveTeba paraleli qristes yrmobasTan. gavixsenoT Tormeti wlis ieso

mRvdelmTavrebTan.


74

mowameobis gzaze Semdgari bavSvebi RvTis rCeulni arian, amitom maTze gansakuTrebuli madli gadmodis. maT pasuxebSi igrZnoba, rom qriste miugebs maT wil. maTi saubarica da qce-

vac sworxazovania, konkrebuli miznisken mimarTuli, Tumca isini Tvalaxveuli ar midian am

gzaze, piriqiT, maT gansakuTrebuli goniereba axasiaTebT. 7 wlis aRapi Tavadve eubneba msa-

juls: „nu gacTunebs Sen siyvaruli CCÂlisa amis hasakisa Cemisa¡, viTarca advilad SesacTo-melisa¡ da sityuaTa mier SenTa mswrafl warsatyuenavisa¡. rameTu ese gaswios Sen Semdgomad

mciredisa saqmiT gamocdilebaman, viTarmed amisve Zirisa rtoÁ var me da misve erTisa muc-

lisa naSobi, romliTganTa rtoTa - orTa SvilTa gamocdilebai migiRebies.“

CvenTvis sakvirvelia bavSvebis mier gamovlenili amgvari sulieri simtkice da Zliere-ba, magram yrmis suli ufro Seuryvnelia, amitom ufro advilad cnobs da iRebs WeSmarite-

bas. albaT, mas ufro naklebi brZolis gadaxda uwevT sakuTar TavTan, radganac jer vnebe-

biT ar arian Sepyrobilni da sacdurSi fesvi ar gaudgamT. albaT amitom aris maTi pauxebi

aseTi uryevi. Tumca isini marto ar arian, suliwmindis madli aZlierebT maT. yrmaTa martvilobaSi umTavresad swored maTi yrmobaa gasaTvaliswinebeli. isini da-

mokidebuli arian mSoblebze, amitom mniSvnelovania, Tu ra rols asrulebs mSobeli yrmis

mowameobaSi. TxzulebaTa ganxilvis Sedegad am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT mSobelTa sxvadas-

xvagvari pozicia gamoikveTa. kerZod, wminda sofia moZRvravs asulebs da pirdapir mouwo-debs, rom arafris fasad ar daTmon rjuli. kolaelTa mSoblebi ki Tavad gamoutanen Svi-

lebs Caqolvis ganaCens, xolo wminda SuSaniki ufals averdebs Svilebs.

sofia Tavidanve qristianulad zrdida Svilebs. „swavlulebiTa yovliTa da saR-

mrToÁTa sity¡iTa“ iyvnen aRzrdilni. msajulTan wardgomis win sofia esaubreba Svilebs.

dedis sityvebs fsiqologiuri datvirTva hqonda. igi eubneba „me Ãorcielad gSven da saR-mrToiTa sityÂiTa aRgzarden“ axla gamoCndeba „nayofi sityvaTa CemTa¡“, „ixilvebismca

Tqven Soris moTmineba¡ sakuieveli...mraval Jam wrTunilsa mas Tquenda saTnoebasa mcired

Jamisa gamocdileba¡ amxilebs“. Svilebs „evalebaT“ gaamarTlon dedis imedi. Tumca igi maT

umxels erTgvar SiSs: „SemaZrwunebs me hasaki ege siCCoisa Tquenisa¡“, magram aqve amxnevebs - „garna nu SeSindebiT tanjvaTagan, rameTu gaqus TanambrZoleba¡ igi qriste¡s uZleveli“.

sayuradRebo sofias monologSi is aris, rom igi asulTagan am gziT moiTxovs mSoblis ama-

gis gadaxdas. „me ukue gSev Sen, Svilo, da salmobaTani SenTÂs daviTminen da aRgzarde vid-

re magis hasakisamde. garna aw momiRies nacvali zrdilobisaÁ, friad uaRresi mogigies nac-vali tkivilTa¡, ... rameTu Sen egeviTarisa magis asulisa dedad gamovCndi, romelman esreT

didad SuenierebiT iRuawe qristesT¡s.“ isini RvTÂsTvis wiraven Tavs, magram aranakleb

akeTeben amas dedisTvis. igi swored am WrilSi warmarTavs mTel saubars. rogorc Cans, so-

fia Zalian did rols asrulebs pistis, elpidisa da aRapis wmindanobaSi. dedis poziciasTan da rolTan dakavSirebiT SeuZlebelia ar gagvaxsendes wminda Su-

Saniki. varsqenis gamazdianebis ambis gagebis Semdeg pirvelad, rasac igi akeTebs, Svilebi

eklesiaSi mihyavs. sakurTxevelTan waradgens maT da ityvis cnobil sityvebs: „ufalo, Seni

mocemulni arain da Senve daicven igini“. rogorc Cans, SuSaniki dardobda Svilebze, mas sa-kuTari mowameobrivi gza unda gaevlo da maTze zrunvas veRar SeZlebda. iakob xucesi sxvas

arafers gveubneba imis Sesaxeb, sTxova Tu ara raime SuSanikma sarwmunoebis dacvis Sesaxeb.

teqstSi kidev erTxel Canan SuSanikis Svilebi: „da uTxres netarsa SuSaniks, viTarmed:

Svilni igi Senni moaqcia mogobasa. maSin iwyo Tayvaniscemad RmrTisa mimarT tiriliTa di-

diTa da Tavsa qve damarT scemda. sulTiTqvna da Tqva: gmadlob Sen, ufalo RmerTo Cemo, rameTu iyvnes ara Cem, aramed Seni mocemulni. viTarca gnebavs iyav nebaÁ Seni, ufalo, da me

damicev saqmeTagan mterTasa ... da vidre mun Jamadmde movidian igi Svilni misni xedvad de-

disa Tvisisa. xolo raJams miaqcines da uaryves RmerTi, verRara ikadres xilvad misa, ara-


75

med saxelica maTi sZagda smenad“. es erTi nawyveti gvauwyebs, rom Svilebsa da SuSaniks kav-Siri ar gauwyvitavT, rom varsqenis akrZalvisda miuxedavad, isini dedas cixeSi naxulob-

dnen. albaT SuSaniki, sofias msgavsad maT ganamtkicebda rwmenaSi da uflis siyvarulis-

Tvis Tavdadebas aswavlida. safiqralia, rom SuSanikis Svilebi asakiT SedarebiT didebi iy-

vnen, radganac deda pasuxismgeblobas akisrebs TavianT saqcielze. sofia moelis, rom SeiZ-leba ver aitanon tanjva maT, „SemaZrwunebs me hasaki ege siCCoisa Tquenisa¡“. xolo SuSaniki

ar patiobs maT mamis nebis dayolas. TxzulebaSi ar Cans, Tu rogor moxda misi Svilebis ga-

mazdeaneba, safiqrebelia, rom varsqenma aRasrula peroz mefisadmi micemuli sityva da

Svilebi atroSanze gadaiyvana („mgelsa“ da „RmrTis mters“ es ar gauWirdeboda), SesaZlebe-lia es Svilebis nebiTac momxdariyo. mniSvnelovania, rom Svilebma mazdianoba miiRes maSin,

roca borkildadebuli SuSaniki cixeSi itangeboda; maT naxes, rogor awama igi varsqenma da

rogori tanjva daiTmiina dedam qristianobsTvis. varsqenis „bunebiT“ cols gamazdeanebu-

li Svilebis naxva ar surda, ufro metic, maTi saxelebis gagonebac ar undoda -„saxelica maTi sZagda smenad“. safiqrebelia, rom SuSaniki maTgan eloda rwmenis uryevobas, rom isini

daicavdnen qristes rjuls. es molodini Svilebs kargad ecodinebodaT, isini xom pirveli

mowmeni iyvnen dedis mtkice da uryevi gadawyvetilebisa (maTTan erTad datova SuSanikma

sasaxle) da varsqenisagan misi araerTgzis tanjva-wamebisa. rogorc teqstidan irkveva, Svi-lebic damnaSaved grZnoben Tavs, radgan verRara ikadres xilvad misvla. Tumca mcireode-

ni winaaRmdgobac rom gaewiaT, maTi Rvawli aRuniSnavi ar darCeboda iakob xucess.

yovelive es mxolod varaudia. CvenTvis saintereso iyo Sepirispirea SuSanikisa da so-

fiasi, viTarca mSoblebisa da am mimarTebiT maTi poziciis warmoCena. Sesabamisad, Svilebis

gadawyvetilebebsa da qmedebebze maTi gavlenisa da rolis Cveneba, aseve - Svilebisa damo-kidebuleba mSobelTa mimarT.

„cxra Zma kolaelTa martvilobSi“ Svilebs upirispirdebian mSoblebi. Tamamad SeiZle-

ba iTqvas, rom isini mSoblebis xeliT ewamnen. Tavad auwyes warmarTTa mTavars yrmaTa saq-

cielis Sesaxeb. sainteresoa mTavris pasuxi: „Svilni Tquenni arian, xelmwifebaÁ gaqus, uyavT, ra¡ca gnebavs“. mSoblebma ki daufiqreblad upasuxes: „brZane da moved Cuen Tana da

qviTa ganvtvinneT igini, raÁTa ara sxuani ahbaZven da qristiane iqmnen“. Txzulebis avto-

ric gakvirvebulia maTi sisastikiT da iqve aRniSnavs: „guelTa da iqednTa, aspitTa da mxec-

Ta ician wyaloba¡ SvilTa¡, xolo amaT usjuloTa ara yves wyaloba¡ SvilTa maTTaTvis“. am TxzulebaSi mSoblis saxe metad Taviseburia. arsad mJRavndeba siyvaruli Svilebisadmi.

Tu SuSaniki „Tavsa damarT scemda“ Svilebis gamazdianebis ambis gagebisas, kolaelTa mSob-

lebi risxviT aRivsnen, bavSvebi moitaces da cemiT daalurjes, Semdeg ki Svidi dRe usmel-

eWmeli gamoketes. bolos ki sakuTari xelis Caqoles. amrigad, mSoblis roli, maTi gavlena yrma mowameebze Zalian didia. rom ara wminda so-

fia, Zneli saTqmelia, iqnebodnen Tu ara misi asulebi aseTi mtkice damcvelni qristianbi-

sa. Tumca sakiTxis Seswavlam isic gaxada TvalnaTeli, rom mxolod mSoblis mondomeba ar

kmara. sapirispiro mxridan rom SevxedoT, kolaelTa mSoblebma Svilebis mosaqcevad yve-laferi gaakeTes, magram verafers gaxdnen. suliwmindis madli aZlierebda maT, radgan isi-

ni RvTis rCeulni iyvnen. naTlisRebis Semdeg mTlianad Seicvala kolaeli bavSvebis sulie-

ri samyaro. rogorc zogadad wmindanobis gzaze Semdgari adamianis cxovrebaSi xdeba xol-

me, erTgvari Zvra moxda maTSi. maT aravin hyavT damrigeblad, dammoZRvrelad, Tumca arc

sWirdebaT. uamisodac uryevia maTi simtkice. rom ara asulTa sulieri mzaoba, mxolod so-fia verafers gaxdeboda. elpide da aRapi sakuTari TvaliT uyurebdnen dis wamebas da

icodnen, rom Tavadac es moelodaT. erTmaneTis magaliTiT Zlierdebodnen. radgan erTma

daiTmina tanjva, meoresac uCndeboda rwmena, rom amis unari masac Seswevda. amasTan, TiTo-


76

eulis wamebas Tansdevda saswauli. pists moWrili mkerdidan rZe gadmouvida, xolo cecx-li, romelSi igi Caagdes, yvelas wvavda mis garda. saswauliT kidev erTxel dasturdeboda,

rom isini WeSmaritebis gzaze idgnen da maTi rwmena ufro uryevi xdeboda.

amrigad, sakiTxis Seswavlam gvaCvena, miuxedavad imisa, rom zogierTi mkvlevari eW-

vqveS ayenebs zrdadausrulebeli adamianis mowameobis sakiTxs, TxzulebaTa ganxilvis Se-degad gamoirkva, Tu wmindanebisTvis ideali macxovris mier ganvlili amqveyniuri cxovre-

bis gzaa, mowame bavSvebi emsgavsebian yrma ieso nazarevels. agiografiul TxzulebebSi ise-

ve warmoCindeba maTi saxeebi, rogorc qristes bavSvobaa asaxuli „saxarebaSi“. yrmaTa asak-

Tan Seuferebeli simtkice, Seudrekloba gamokveTs maT gamorCeulobas. TxzulebaTa gan-xilvam kidev erTi sakiTxi warmoaCina — mSoblis roli yrmis mowameobis gzaze. am mimarTe-

biT gansxvavebuli damokidebuleba gamovlinda zemoaRniSnul bizantiur da qarTul agi-

ografiul nawarmoebTa Soris. kerZod, wminda sofia mouwdebs yvelafris fasad daicna

qristianoba. maSin, roca wm. SuSaniki ufals avedrebs da abarebs Svilebs. kolaelTa mSob-lebi rwmeniT ki ar cdiloben yrmaTa mobrunebas, aramed muqariT, iZulebiT. Tumca, Tu Ta-

vad yrmis mowodeba ar aris, Sedges wmindanobis gzaze, mxolod mSobli verafers gaxeda.

TxzulebebSi TavisTavad mniSvnelovania Rvawli yrma mowameebisa. maT mier daTxeuli sis-

xli ormxriv ubraloa: bunebriv, bavSvur umankoebas emateba mowameobrivi siwminde. teq-stis Seswavla kidev erTxel cxadyofs, rom mowame bavSvebi araTu iricxenian wmindanTa So-

ris, aramed aRematebian kidev maT.


1. grZeliZe 1990 T. grZeliZe hagiografiuli literaturis bavSvebi — Jurnali

„literatura da xelovneba“ 2 1990.

2. kekeliZe 1952. k. kekeliZe Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria Tbilisi 1952. 3. metreveli 2004. s. metreveli bavSvi mowame qarTul agiografiaSi — literaturuli

Ziebani t.XXV 2004 w.

4. metreveli 2004. s. metreveli bavSvi mowame qarTul agiografiaSi — literaturuli

Ziebani t.XXV 2004 w. 5. siraZe 1987. r. siraZe qarTuli agiografia Tbilisi „nakaduli“ 1987.

6. qarTuli mwerloba I t. „nakadulli“ Tbilisi 1987

7. Zveli metafrasuli krebulebi — `mecniereba“ 1986.


77

Tamar abaSiZe soxumis saxelmwifo universiteti. bakalavriati

mixeil javaxiSvili qarTul saliteraturo kritikaSi


mixeil javaxiSvili qarTul literaturaTmcodneobaSi es sakiTxi Tavismxriv farTo

maStabisaa, ramodenime aTeul wels moicavs da sakmaod mravalferovani ganxilvis sagania,

amitomac amJamad Cems naSroms sisrulis pretenzia ar gaaCnia. am sakiTxs uamravjer Sexebi-

an, masze mravali disertaciaa miZRvnili. mec gavbedav Cemis mxriv Sevexo am Temas,SeZlebis-dagvarad Tavi movuyaro da ganvixilo Tu ra gzebi ganvlo da rogor afasebnen mixeil java-

xiSvilis Semoqmedebas qarTveli kritikosebi.

qarTuli literaturis kritikaSi mixeil javaxiSvilis Semoqmedebis ganxilva—Sefase-

ba sam ZiriTad periodad SeiZleba davyoT: 1. 1903—1912 wlebi roca lit.kritika Seexo mwerlis pirvandel moTxrobebs am period-

Si xdeba rogorc damwyebi, niWieri mwerlis Sefaseba, ZiriTadad qebiTa da mowiwebiT Sex-

vdnen mwerlis gamosvlas samoRvaweo asparezze.

2. 1923—1936 w.w a) 1923—29 w.w dadebiTad afaseben,niWieri da didi momavlis mqone mwer-lad esaxebaT. b) 1929—36 w.w antisabWoTa poziciaze mdgar Semoqmedad iqna gamocxadebuli

(Semoqmedebis gakritikeba da miwasTan gasworeba)

3. mesame periodi iwyeba mwerlis reabilitaciis dRidan. (“reabilitirebuli mwerlis

lit. reabilitaciis periodi”) vinc uaryofiT poziciaze idga isinic ki aqebdnen daadideb-dnen mwerlis Semoqmedebas.

mwerali aTeuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi qveynisa da xalxis mtrad iyo gamocxadebuli,mis

nawarmoebebs 50—iani wlebis meore naxevridan aexsna tabu.

axalgazrda mwerlis pirvelive publikaciebma, upirveles yovlisa “CanCuram” lit.sa-

zogadoebis didi mowoneba daimsaxura.lit.kritika didi mowonebiT Sexvda damwyebi mwer-lis pirvel SemoqmedebiT nabijebs.(dadebiT Sefasebas aZlevdnen mwerlis dawyebiT Semoq-

medebas: ioseb imedaSvili,valerian gafrindaSvili,qristefore raWveliSvili,mixeil kin-

wuraSvili..) misi moTxrobebi romlebic pirveli rovoluciis periodSi gamoqveynda, miCne-

uli iyo maRalmxatvrul, ostaturad daweril nawarmoebebad, romlebSic gamomJRavnda mwerlis humanizmi da demokratizmi, maRali niWi.

ivane gomarTeli miiCnevda, rom „erTaderTi beletristi,romelzedac Rirs mkiTxve-

lis yuradreba SevaCeroT,batoni adamaSvilia.am mweralma Tavisi kalmis pirvelive cdiT

dagvimtkica, rom sakmaod Zlieri fantazia da niWi aqvs...didi mniSvneloba aqvs im garemoe-bas rom b—n adamaSvili fotografiulad gadmotanas ar cdilobs,misi miswrafeba ufro

Sors midis da ubralo wambaZvelobiT da aRwerilobiT ar kmayofildeba.“

miuxedavad imisa rom mwerali realistia,ukiduresobaSi arasdros vardeba.mas sinam-

dvilis mxatvruloba ainteresebs da ara misi asli. kita abaSiZe: „im mweralTa Soris,romelTac revoluciis epoqaSi iCines Tavi,yvelaze

didi yuradRebis Rirsia adamaSvili,romelsac ueWveli niWi aqvs mxatvrisa da Taviseburi

manera werisa.am maneraSi naturalizmi da romantizmia SeduRabebuli.“

mixeil javaxiSvilis samwerlobo asparezze gamosvlis mizani iyo misi sityvebiTve rom

vTqvaT “saWiroa sazogadoebas vaCvenoT xalxi,vinc istorias qmnis da aseTebi marto mefee-bi da sardlebi ar arian” javaxiSvilma Seqmna iseTi gmirebi romlebzec manmade dro ar da-


78

xarjula e.w „sazogadoebas vermorgebuli adamianebi“,yvela maTgans Tavis prototipi hyav-s.mwerlis nawarmoebebis pirvel tomSi Sesuli moTxrobebis mixedviT (“CanCura”,R”upatro-

no”,”eka”R...) “CanCuraTa” mwerlad iwodeba.Tedo begiaSvili m.javaxiSvilis Semoqmedebis

Sesaxeb (“kvaWi kvaWanTiraZe”,”dampatiJe”)msjelobs Janrul Taviseburebebze da Semdeg

mwerlis moTxrobebis pirvel tomTan dakavSirebiT ambobs,rom Sinaarsobrivad Rirebuli ar aris,mwerals sinamdvilisadmi gza auqcevia.krotikosi xSirad aRniSnavs m.javaxiSvilis

revoluciur TematikasTan gandgomas da bolos miuTiTebs rom:”samagierod m.javaxiSvilis

nawerebi Tavisi epikuri stiliT,lamazi eniT,alag-alag kargi suraTebiT da istoriul mov-

lenaTa mxatvrul formebSi gadmocemiT mSvenieri sakiTxavia.” m.javaxiSvilis SefasebaSi kritikosebis didi nawili obieqturad afasebs mwerlis Se-

moqmedebas,zogic subieqturi da tendenciuria,zog SemTxvevaSi scildeba kidec jansaRi

kritikis mizandasaxulobas.magram samwuxarod imdroindeli wyobilebisda gamo 20—30iani

wlebis kritika ver iZleva mdidari Semoqmedebis mravalmxriv,obieqtur analizs. ideolo-giuri dogmatizmiT SeboWili sabWoTa periodis lit.kritika xSir SemTxvevaSi calmxrivad

afasebda nawarmoebs da umTavresad msjelobis sagnad mxolod socialuri problemebi iyo

qceuli.is azrobrivi qveteqstebi da SeniRbulad gamoxatuli kritikul—opoziciuri

TvalTaxedva ki, riTac uTuod xasiaTdeba romani,metwilad yuradRebis miRma rCeboda.mxo-lod 90—iani wlebis,sabWoTa kavSiris dangrevis Semdgom SesZlo kritikam mravalmxrivi Se-

fasebebis micema nawarmoebebisadmi.

calke ganxilvis sagania e.w meore periodi mwerlis Semoqmedebisa 1924—37ww. 15 wliani

pauzis Semdeg mwerali kvlav axali ideebiTa da sityviT ubrundeba samwerlobo asparezs

(“tyis kaci”). kritikosebis SeniSvniT stili ufro daixvewa, weris manera ufro gamoirkva,a-saxva gacxovelda.magram mizezebisda gamo yvelaze metad am periodSi wamovida kritikis

qarcecxli mwerlis Semoqmedebis mimarT.kritikosebis erTi nawili e.w proletaruli kri-

tikis warmomadgenlebi avtors brals sdebdnen nacionalizmsa da batonymuri sinamdvilis

Selamazebul warmosaxvaSi,bolSevikuri organizaciis rolis dakninebaSi (“qalis tvirTi”), revoluciuri movlenebis araobieqturad aRweraSi, klasobrivi mtrebisadmi gamovlenil

TanadgomaSi da a.S.

mwerals dadebiT SefasebasTan erTad uamravi kritikac aqvs miRebuli,zogi samarTli-

anad umetesi ki suamarTlod. uaryofiTad fasdeba „kvaWi kvaWantiraZe“, “dampatiJe“. gasak-viri arcaa Tu ratom gamoiwvevda sabWoTa wyobilebis dros es nawarmoebebi aRSfoTebas.

g. muSiSvili kritikis qarcecxlSi atarebs „dampatiJes“,didi arSfoTebiT aRnisnavs

rom gana dampatiJeebis batonobaa sabWoTa wyobilebaSi?gana dampatiJeebi imarjveben meba-

Re Tevdoreebze?akritikebs da eWvi Seaqvs javaxiSvilis realistobaSi.gasakviri arcaa rom iseTma nawarmoebebma rogorebicaa „kvaWi kvaWantiraZe“,“dampatiJe“,gansakuTrebuli kri-

tikis qarcecxlSi gaiares.kvaWantiraZis groteskuli saxis SeqmniT javaxiSvilma amxila

socialuri wyoba,romelmac warmoSva aseTi gmirebi.mweralma mxatvruli damajereblobiT

warmosaxa ruseTis imperiis mmarTveli wreebis zneobrivi dacema. 1929—36ww.qarTuli literaturuli kritikisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia mwerlis Semoqme-

debis uaryofiTi Sefaseba,misadmi mtruli damokidebuleba,iyvnen iseTebic romlebis spe-

cialur werilebSi Tu mweralTa kavSirSi gamarTul diskusiebze ,iq wakiTxul moxsenebebsa

da warmoTqmul sityvebSi Tavs esxmian mwerals da Zalze TavgamodebiT cdiloben imis dam-

tkicebas,rom m.javaxiSvili miuRebelia ideuradac da sustia mxatvruladac,(S.radiani,-b.JRenti,T.begiaSvili)maT m.javaxisvilis kritika TandaTan organizebul ciliswamebaSi

gadazardes.


79

1932 wels mwerali iZulebuli gaxades eTqva:“Cven gvqonda Secdomebi,piradad me avto-ri gaxlavarT „dampatiJe“,“givi Saduri“ da sxva iseTi nawarmoebebis,romlebsic araswora-

daa gamosaxuli revolucioneruli dRevandelobis sinamdvile“.

mixeil javaxiSvilis SemoqmedebiTi memkvidreobidan arc erTi nawarmoebi ar qceula

iseTi sayovelTao interesis sagnad,rogorc “arsena marabdeli”.(1925—32ww.)bevrma mweral-ma es nawarmoebi mwerlis saukeTeso qmnilebad aRiara da mas gansakuTrebuli adgili miuCi-

na,saerTod,qarTuli romanistikis istoriaSi.”arsena marabdeli” sabWoTa ideologiuri

principebis gavlenis Sedegad Seqmnil romanad gamocxadda,swored aman ganapiroba gansa-

kuTrebuli yuradReba,maTi TqmiT mwerali am nawarmoebiT axali ideologiis samsaxurSi Cadga.”arsena marabdeli” es is nawarmoebia romelmac mwerals erTdroulad saxelic mou-

tana da faqtiurad misi sikviliT dasjis erT—erTi mTavari mizezic es “xmauri” gaxda.im

kritikosebma ,romlebic m.javaxiSvilis pirveli krebulis nawarmoebebs mdabiurad da sus-

ti Tematikis mqoned asaxelebdnen “arsena marabdels” aRmavlobis gzaze Sedgomad Tvlid-nen mwerlis SemoqmedebaSi.kritikosi malaqia toroSeliZis azriT “arsena marabdeliT”

mwerali mtkiced daadga SemoqmedebiTi gardaqmnisa da proletariatis ideur poziciebTan

daaxloebis gzas da am istoriuli Janris romanSi avtorma ZiriTadad sworad daasuraTa

darRveuli qarTveli Tavadaznauruli aristokratiis tipebi da maTTan dapirispirebiT gviCvena glexTa revoluciuri moZraobis gmirebi.

1955 wlidan gamoqveynebul yvela masalaSi dadebiTad afaseben m.javaxiSvilis Semoq-

medebas da erTxmad aRiareben,rom igi didi mwerali iyo.

amrigad, ase Tu ise mwerals mravlad hyavda dadebiTi Tu uaryofiTi Sefasebebis mim-

cemi sazogadoeba,iseTi interesi da xmauri rac m.javaxiSvilis nawarmoebebma gamoiwvies arcerT mwerals ar daumsaxurebia,rac TavisTavad cxadhyofs mwerlis sidiadesa da gansa-

kuTrebulobas.mwerlis reabilitaciis Semdgom isini vinc manam uaryofiTad iyo ganwyobi-

li mwerlis Semoqmedebisadmi,ukve aRar iziareben TavianT adrindel mosazrebebs da maRal

Sefasebebsac ki aZleven mwerlis Semoqmedebas.rac savsebiT naTels xdis maTi reabilita-ciamdeli Sefasebebis motivs.

SoTa aglaZis msgavsad (5.) minda Tema davasrulo mixeil javaxiSvilis sityvebiT,sadac

Cans mwerlis damokidebuleba saliteraturo kritikisadmi da rac yvelaze metad cxad-

yofs sxvadasxva dros mwerlis nawarmoebebisadmi av-karg damokidebulebis simarTlesa Tu sicrues: „mekiTxebiT ranair gavlenas axdens Tqvenze kritikao.Zalian meCoTireba magram

mainc gipasuxebT.—berZenma filosofosma zenn elevelma Tqva:—Cemi moZmeTa kilva rom ara

mwyindes arc maTi qeba gamixardebodao.mxolod flidi ar gaiziareba am azrs.sruli simar-

Tlea,magram qebac aris da kilvac,kritikac aris da kritikosic. me imTaviTve sakmaoze meti qeba mxvda imdroindeli kritikosebisagan(zangi(giorgi rcxilaZe),k.abaSiZe da sxv.)magram

arc maSin amsxmia Tavbru da arc axla gavumwarebivar mkilav recenzentebs.Cemi xnis kacs

drois mier sulieri imuniteti aqvs acrili da kritikosi agre advilad ver Searyevs mas.me

mxolo marTalsa da gulwrfel kritikas vuwev angariSs da mxolod mas vemorCilebi.magram ra aris simarTle?vin aris gulwrfeli da vin ara?kmara,Torem aq ise bneli da usazRvro as-

parezi iwyeba,rom amazedac erTi an ramdenime tomi daiwereba.zogjer ki mgonia,rom yvela

wigni, rac am qveynad arsebobs,bolosdabolos am Temaze da mxolod amazea dawerili.“

literatura:


80

1. tariel kvanWilaSvili — mixeil javaxiSvilis Semoqmedeba,Tbilisi,1987w.

2. avTandil nikoleiSvili — „XXs.mwerloba“, quTaisi,2002w.

3. ia qadagiZe — “pirovnebisa da sazogadoebis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi m.javaxiSvilis sami romanis mixedviT“.Tbilisi, 2002w.

4. SoTa aglaZe — mixeil javaxiSvilis proza.Tbilisi,1993w.

5. SoTa aglaZe- „mixeil javaxiSvili qarTul saliteraturo kritikaSi“ Tbilisi, 1993w


81

eTer qasraSvili ivane javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, bakalavriati

tradiciuli da Tanamedrove aleqsandre yazbegis moTxrobaSi

“xevisberi goCa”

xelmZRvaneli profesori: daviT wowkolauri

~xevisberi goCa” aleqsandre yazbegis Semoqmedebis umaRles mwvervals warmoadgens rogorc Tavisi msoflmxedvelobrivi siRrmiT, ise— mxatvruli ostatobis Tvalsazrisi-

Tac. SeiZleba iTqva, rom aq ikveTeba ori dapirispirebuli mxare, ori damokidebuleba

cxovrebisadmi, erTi mxriv, xevisberisa da, meore mxriv, onises simarTle.

saqme exeba did, wrfel, uangaro siyvaruls, Tumca onisesaTvis ZiZiasadmi gaCenili es

RvTiuri grZnoba ~ukanono” xdeba, ufro metic, borot da damRupvel codvadac ki iqceva. aSkaraa, rom es axalgazrda guls daemona da gonebasac ki ar aZlevs winaaRmdegobis saTana-

dod gawevis saSualebas. TavisTavad cxadia, rom onise, Tavisi Tanatolebis msgavsad, Wabu-

kur Tavdaviwyebas ahyva, bolomde miendo axalgazrdul gatacebas, daiviwya WeSmaritebis

arsi, is moralur-zneobrivi mxare, rac im epoqisa da konkretuli sazogadoebis, moxeveebis cxovrebis mTavari majiscema iyo. vfiqrob, onise garkveuli kuTxiT marTalia, radgan ma-

sac aqvs siyvarulis ufleba, masac xom SeuZlia uyvardes suliT xorcamde. mociquli pavle

Tavis epistoleSi ambobs: ` winaswarmetyvelebac rom mqondes, yoveli saidumlo da mTeli

codnac rom vuwyode, sruli rwmenac rom mqondes, mTebis gadaadgeilebac rom SemeZlos, xolo siyvaruli ar gamaCndes, araraoba viqnebodi”. Tumca aSkaraa, rom onise Secda swored

rom siyvarulis arCevaSi, Zmadnafics uRalata da, Sesabamisad, xevis kldesaviT myari tra-

diciebi CamoSala da daarRvia, magram amboben guls ver ubrZaneb, igi Tavad irCevs mas, vinc

asarCeviao. aqve sayuradReboa erTi faqti, xevisberis vaJi cdilobs siyvarulis grZnobisagan ga-

Tavisuflebas, swored am mizniT igi fSavSi midis stumrad biZebTan. cxadia, rom pirovnul

mesTan marto darCeniT mas surs, winaaRmdegobrivi Zalebis urTierTkavSirsa da cvaleba-

dobas Caswvdes, sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, ewrafvis mis Sinagan samyaroSi arsebuli idumale-

bis amocnobas. rasakvirvelia, onises undoda, movaleoba gancdebze win daeyenebina, anu gu-lidan amoeRo is, vinc cxovrebis umTavres daniSnulebas akargvinebda, magram amis ganxor-

cielebis ramdenime mcdelobam kidev ufro metad SeagrZnobina is siyvaruli, romelic mu-

dam miuRebeli iqneboda sazogadoebisaTvis. gamodis, rom mTavari gmiris pirovnebaSi or-

magi saxe ikveTeba, romelic ar aZlevs mas saRad gansjisa da adekvaturd msjelobis unars. is, rom onisesa da ZiZias marTlac gulwrfelad SeuyvardaT erTmaneTi, es TviT haer-

Sic igrZnoba, aqac ki siyvarulisa da urTierTtolvis marcvlebia gabneuli. Cven moviyvanT

mxolod erT adgils, romelic win uZRvis onises Sin dabrunebas da ZiZiasTan Sexvedras:

~dilis niavma dahqola, nisli Searyia, SeaRelva, moeSvela mzis quSic da nislma aRSfo-Tebuls sayvarelsaviT, romlisTvisac ganTiads moeswro, wynarad mTa-mTa daiwyo gaparva!”

rogorc vxedavT, avtors ZiZiasa da onises siyvarulis motivi bunebaSi gadaaqvs, rom-

liTac praqtikulad migvaniSnebs, rom amgavri grZnoba TviT bunebidan momdinareobs, bu-

nebrivia. ra Tqma unda, bunebrivi siyvaruli Temur yofaSic SeiZleba gansaxierebuliyo buneb-

rivad, Tavisuflad. es maSin, Tu wyvilTa daojaxeba yvela naTesavis survilic iyo. winaaR-

mdegobis SemTxvevaSi ki gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeboda Temisagan aukrZalav erT

wess — qalis motacebas. es faqtic sawyeni iyo, Tumca advilad dasaZlevi. onisesaTvis qalis


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motacebac ki akrZaluli iyo. aSkaraa, rom man mZime Secdoma dauSva, Tavisi samijnuro sur-vilebis asrulebisaTvis sruliad ar gauwia angariSi droisa da adgilis Zalian did, TiT-

qmis sakralur mniSvnelobas. ZiZiasTan Sexvedris gamo man daiviwya mamulis vali, daiviwya

adgili, sadac unda yofiliyo da amiT isargebla kidec mterma. aqac grZnobam da nebis si-

sustem gadafara upirvelesi erovnuli Rirebuleba, xevis dacvis interesi. TavisaTad cxa-dia, rom msgavsi qmedeba ver gamarTldeba verc asakiTa da verc erTi romelime Zlieri

grZnobis arsebobiT. onisem cxovrebaSi samjer, samivejer ramdenime wuTiT daiviwya, rom

kaci tanjvisaTvis aris gaCenili. swored imitom, rom man, xevsiberi goCas vaJma es daiviwya,

sityva jvars ecva, jvarcmuli sityva ki, rogorc wesi, qveyanam samudamod daimaxsovra. onise isjeba TavdaviwyebisaTvis, romelic sindisis daviwyebacaa. Tumca gasaTavliswi-

nebelia, rom mas sjis ara sakuTriv Temi, romelic mSobliurTan erTad socialuri da sa-

marTlebrivi fenomenicaa, aramed mama— sakutari sisxli da xorci.

guram asaTianis azriT, Tu onises gulis xmas davugdebT yurs, aRmoCndeba, rom ukano-no, umarTebulo, bunebis sawinaaRmdegoa ara is grZnoba, romelmac misi suli Seipyro, ara-

med — adamianTa mier gamogonili ~wesebi”, romelic am grZnobis ganxorcielebas uSlis

xels. swored rom am wesebis damcvelad gamodis goCa, romelic arsebul grZnobaTa cdune-

bebTan Seurigeblobis gansaxierebaa. misTvis Temis morali da Rirseba yvelasa da yvela-ferze maRla dgas, amitomac sakuTar Svilsac ki ar patiobs emociur sisustes. mas ar Za-

luZs Sinagani xmis ukugdeba, miTufro, moraluri kodeqsis Ralati. marTalia, onises mok-

vliT igi bunebis winaaRmdeg midis, magram, Cemi azriT, swored es qmedeba aqcevs mas xevis-

ber goCad, radgan am qnedebiT ixsneba mTlianad misi pirovnuli saxe. Tumca aq igrZnoba ki-

dev erTi tragizmi. wuTieri aRelvebis Sedegad, man Svilis sisxliT SeiReba xelebi. Tumca faqtia, rom Tu Zveli Temoba iyo SesaniSnavi, es xdeboda ara imis gamo, rom sa-

zogadoeba uzrunvelyofda calkeuli pirovnebebis bednierebas, aramed igi mkacrad inar-

Cunebda adamianur principebs: Rirsebas, keTilSobilebas, sindiss, samarTals, Sesabamisad,

am tradiciebis kvlav arsebobisaTvis ibrZvis xevisberi, amotomac sakuTar sisxlsa da xorcs swiravs msxverplad. marTalia, onisem miutevebeli codva Caidina, magram saintere-

soa hqonda Tu ara ufleba xevisber goCas, rCeulTa Soris rCeuls, ubralo mokvdavs aseTi

sastiki msjavri gamoetana meore adamianisaTvis, ase Seubralebeblad daesaja imis gamo,

rom es ukanaskneli daemorCila masze Zlier grZnobas?! Cemi azriT, xevisbers ar hqonda adamianis, miT ufro, Svilis mokvlis ufleba, radgan

igi amiT uflis mcnebebis winaaRmdeg wavida, gacilebiT ufro mZime codva Caidina, vidre

onisem. qristianul sarwmunoebaSi RmerTisaTvis miuRebeli da miutevebeli aris 3 qmedeba:

RvTis gmoba, kacis kvla da TviTmkvleloba. aSkaraa, rom pirovneba, romelic 3 momakvdine-beli codvidan 2-s Caidens, ver gamarTldeba imiT, rom is xevis mTavari iyo da ase moqceva

mis uSualo movaleobas warmoadgenda. swored imotomac, rom xevis mTavari gaxldaT, val-

debuli iyo alternatiuli gamosavali epova.


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literatura :

1. qarTuli literaturis istoria, al.yazbegi, Tb., 1974, gv. 372-378.

2. axali qarTulis literaturis istoria II, `xevisberi goCa”, Tb., 2003, gv. 450-458.

3. gr. kiknaZe, literaturis Teoriisa da istoriis sakiTxebi, aleqsandre yazbegi, Tb., 1978, gv. 326-330.

4. l. minaSvili, literaturuli narkvevebi da werilebi, Tb., 2003.gv. 177-242.

5. T. wowonava, literaturuli nawarmoebebi skolaSi, Tb., 2010, gv. 303-320.

6. axali aRTqma, mociq. werili korinTelTa mimarT, stokholmi, 1996.


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sofiko ZnelaZe ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, doqtorantura

`gaucxoebuli gmiris mxatvruli paradigma me-20 saukunis 70—iani wlebis prozaSi~

xelmZRvaneli: prof. Tamar paiWaZe

me-19 saukunis qarTuli mwerloba tradiciuli ganviTarebis gziT midioda Tumca axa-li meTodologiuri realizaciisken swrafva iqac SeiniSneboda. am mxriv gamoirCeva vasil barnovis, Wola lomTaTiZis da sxvaTa Semoqmedeba. rac Seexeba me-20 saukunis 70 dian wle-

bis qarTul prozas SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es yvelaferi ufro TvalsaCinod warmogvidgina naira gelaSvilma, guram doCanaSvilma da sxva.

mniSvnelovania 70 dian wlebis gamorCeuli qarTveli mwerlis guram doCanaSvilis Se-moqmedebis is nawili sadac gaucxoebuli gmiris problema yvelaze naTlad warmoCndeba, aRniSnuli problemebi erTderTi ganmsazRvreli niSania postmodernistuli mimdinareo-

bis, romelic naTlad warmoadgens lozungs ~RmerTi mokvdakkd RmerTis sikvdilma uamra-

vi kiTxva warmoSva, adamianebi yvelas da yvelafris mimarT kargaven SiSs. gaucxoebuli ada-miani eZebs misTvis idealurad miCneul samyaros, sadac srul Tavisuflebas eziareba.

guram doCanaSvilis Semoqmedebis erT romelime mimarTulebis CarCoSi moqceva SeuZ-

lebelia. mis TxzulebebSi garkveuli aspeqtiT asaxulia, rogorc modernistuli, aseve re-

alisturi mimdinareobis poziciebi, amave dros mwerali iyenebs postmodernizmisTvis da-maxsiaTebel mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebebs. am mxriv aRsaniSnavia, misi moTxroba ~vater(po)loo anu aRdgeniTi samuSaoebikk, romlisTvisac avtors qvsaTaurad miuweria: ~fantastiluri moTxrobakk am nawarmoebSi naTelia, rom ~komentatoris niRbis ukan TviT moTxrobis avtori anu avtoris niRabi dgas (anu ormag niRabTan gvaqvs saqme), razedac naT-lad migvaniSnebs Tundac avtoris mier mTxrobelisTvis Serqmeuli saxeli -frederik mekk(1:98) - aRniSnavs mkvlevari levan bregaZe.

guram doCanaSvils Txroba gadaaqvs gamogonil samyaroSi, sadac arabunebrivi da uCve-

ulo xasaTis gmirebi moqmedeben. am nawarmoebSi ZiriTadad ori siuJeturi xazia mocemuli. erTi, besames Tavgadasavalia, romelic am moTxrobis ZiriTad ideur Canafiqrs warmoad-gens da meore frederik me-s erTgvari lirikuli monologi prosper merimes ~karmeniskk Sesaxeb, romelic ZiriTad siuJetur xazSi nawyvetis saxiTaa CarTuli, rac postmoderniz-

misTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. soflel obol biWs besames, SemTxveviT Sexvdeba moxuci musikosi, romelic Camoiyvans

musikaluri tradiciebiT mdidar qalaq-alkarasSi. besame araCveulebrivi musikaluri ni-

Wisa da didi grZnobebis mqone bavSvia, romelsac wminda da amaRlebuli siyvaruliT Seuy-

vardeba moxuci musikosis SviliSvili ramona. besame dadis konservatoriaSi, eufleba mu-

sikis jadosnur samyaros da eswreba profesionali musikosTa koncertebs. erTxel mas uTanxmoeba mouvida istoriis maswavlebelTan-kartuzo babiloniasTan imis gamo, rom be-

same beTxovens ufro afasebda da pativs scemda, vidre napoleons. es maswavlebeli besames aRdgeniT samuSaoebze gaamwesebs, aqedan iwyeba misi ucnauri ambavi. irkveva, rom aRdgeniTi samuSaoebi es aris vaterpolosTvis mzadeba iseTi Zalisxmieri meTodebiT, romlis Ziri-Tadi mizania adamianis fizikurad gaZliereba da sulierad dacema, igi xdis adamians daun-

dobels akargvinebs yovelgvar adamianur Rirsebebs. amas kargad axerxebs sxvadasxva ori-


85

ginaluri meTodebis mqone mwvrTneli Justino reqsaCe. moTxrobili ambavi realuri cxov-rebiseuli ambis STabeWdilebas ar tovebs, magram guram doCanaSvili imdenad mxatvrulad gadmogvcems Tavis Canafiqrs, rom mkiTxvels masSi araerTi sayuradRebo qveteqstis amo-

kiTxva SeuZlia. varjiSis erT-erTi Tavisebureba is aris, rom mwvrTneli aRsazrdelebs Cayris iseT viwro senakSi, sadac ganZrevis saSualeba ara aqvT da Tavze virTxebs daayris. moswavleebs Soris sruli isterika sufevs. aseTi wvrTnis Semdeg besame, romelic ucodve-

lobis gansaxiereba iyo, radikalurad gardaiqmneba. manamde mocartis musikis mosmenaze ocnebobda, xolo amis Semdeg, rodesac Sin mobrunebuls ramonam uTxra: ~Cqara besame kon-

certze ar dagagviandesR ukraven mocartskk, -besamem ambobs: ~erTi magisRraRac ucxo xma boroti xma hqondakk besamem TandaTan dakarga adamianuri saxe. mwvrTneli aseTi STagone-

biT zrdida maT: ~daundoblebi unda iyvneT, Cemo kargebo, sxvas Tu daindob, is ar dagin-

dobs da is ar sjobia Sen ar daindo, SoSiebo ha? vaterpoloSi amxanagoba vis gaugia daun-

dobelni unda iyvneT. TviT cxovrebaa varetopolo, TviTon cxovreba da yoveli moqalaqis mTavari mizani isaa, rom cxovrebaSi gamarjvebuli gamovides. gamarjvebuli ki ise ver ga-

moxval, sxvas Tu ar daamarcxeb da sxva rom daamarcxo, amisTvis aTasnairi xerxi da xrikia saWiro da ameebs ki vaterpoloze ukeTesad veraferi SegaswavliT ~gvritnokk(2:123) misi aRzrdilebi TandaTan kargaven adamianis saxes, besamem fiziuri ZaliT yvelas gadaaWarba, mas yovel fexis nabijze uwevda imis damtkiceba, rom miuxedavad oblobisa, yvelas sjobda, am Tavdacvis instiqtma mxeciviT daundobeli gaxada. besame gaxda cnobili wyalburTeli. mweralma gviCvena epoqa, sadac yovelgvari faseuli ikargeboda, ingreoda moralur-zne-

obrivi imperativebi adamianebi kargavdnen WeSmarit saxes, es im epizodidanac naTlad Cans, rodesac besame mis pirvel siyvaruls ramonas nadiriviT amoidebs iRliaSi da gasaupatiu-reblad tyisken miaTrevs, aq Cans is saocari gardatexa, romelsac garemo pirobebi axdens adamianze erTi ukiduresobidan meore ukiduresobamde. magram adamiani, romelic am boro-

tebas daupirispirdeba, moxuci musikosia, romelic kvlav Zlierad imoqmedebs yofil mo-

wafeze da adamianur saxes daubrunebs mas. simboluradaa aRwerili moTxrobis finali, moZRvars besame Sehyavs binZur gomurSi, Caayenebs muxlamde uwmindurebaSi, xelSi flei-

tas daaWerinebs da aamborebs. es simboluri qveteqsti SeiZleba asec aixsnas: Tavidan ada-

mianis Tundac ucodveli suli garemo faqtorebis zemoqmedebiT SeiZleba WuWysa da sibne-

leSi Caeflos. amiT adamiani kargavs sikeTis keTebis udides madls, moyvasisadmi siyva-ruls da daundobel mxecad gadaiqceva, magram xelovnebis wyalobiT da masTan ziarebiT SeuZlia pirvandeli saxis dabruneba.

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, moTxrobaSi CarTulia meore siuJeturi xazic. avtori fe-

derik me-s saxeliT esaubreba mkiTxvels, ufro xSirad ki prosper merimes ~karmenskk. es sa-ubrebi warmoadgens mxatvruli pirobiTobis iseT saxes, sadac ignorirebulia droisa da sivrcis elementebi. afredik me gviyveba karmenis Sesaxeb da am gziT moTxrobaSi Semoaqvs misive sityvebiT rom vTqvaT ~fantastiuri movlenebikk, radgan Tavidanve vigebT, rom es ~fantasrikuri moTxrobaakk. nawarmoebis dasawyisSi moulodneladaa CarTuli es epizodi `aq afredik mes cotaTi moSivda da gaaxsenda, fantastikur nawarmoebSi fantastikuri mov-

lenebic saWiro roa, xolo daniSnuleba ese daakisra iseT martiv da am SemTxvevaSi uwyinar sagans, rogoricaa sigareti da maSinve Tambaqos nawarmi ~karmenkk (namdvili karmenic Tam-

baqos qarxanaSi muSaobda erT xans, sanam molpul gzas daadgeboda) gaxsna, amoiRo ori Re-

ri sigareti, samkuTxa tafaze dado, karaqiT Sewva da miirTva kideckk(2:111) moTxrobis bo-los sakravs ori datvirTva misca avtorma— Tavisufleba da siyvaruli is riskenac tan-

jviT mieaxlebian xolme, is, rac sawyisia RvTuri madlisa. mwerali aRfrTovanebulia kar-

menis personaJiT ~diadma xelma vrceli moTxroba dawera Senze, maSin rodesac, ramden ubi-


86

wo qalTa sqesis warmomadgenels SecdomiT depeSac ki ar Rirsebia. is ki ara da, gadasarevi operac ki SegviTxzes Senze maSin, rodesac ramden dadebiT ojaxis Svils abRavlebuli sim-

Rerac ki ar Rirsebia. ra naxes mainc SenSi aseTi, magram miyvarxar, mtkivixar, kar-

menkk(2:147) kritikosTa erTi nawili Tvlis, rom aseTi damatebiTi siuJeturi xazi yovel-

gvari logikis gareSea CarTuli nawarmoebSi. maTi azriT, am moTxrobis struqturaSi aseT xerxs aklia funqciuri daniSnuleba da ar emsaxureba moTxrobis ZiriTadi problemis gax-

snas, mwerliseuli Canafiqris ganviTarebas. am mxatvruli elementis gamoCenas nawarmoebSi xeli Seuwyo dasavleTis literaturiT zedmetma gatacebam.

amasTan dakavSirebiT kritikosTa Soris gansxvavebuli azri arsebobs, magaliTad, le-van bregaZe aRniSnavs, rom `vinc guram doCanaSvilis Semoqmedebas dahkvirvebia, is uTuod SeamCnevda misi weris manerisTvis damaxsiaTebel erT Tvisebas: masTan Zlieria eseisturi nakadi, romelic organulad erwymis mxatvrul qsovils da specifikur, Zalze Tanamedro-

ve elfers aniWebs nawarmoebs.kk(1;102) kritikosi Tvlida, rom eseisturi nakadi am moTxrobaSi swored CarTuli epozodebis

saxiT gamovlinda. amgvari CarTuli epizodebi, ZiriTad siuJetur xazTan erTi SexedviT, metismetad dacilebul Temebze Cveulebrivi movlenaa postmodernizmisTvis. am moTxro-

baSi metateqstebi, ~karmeniskk Temebze ~usistemobaskk ki ar amkvidrebs, aramed, piriqiT, mxatvruli ideis gamokveTas emsaxureba. Tavisuflebis moyvare karmeni aq reqsaCes zedme-

tad morCil aRsazedelebs upirispirdeba. levan bregaZe alfredik mes mxatvrul saxes ~avtoris niRbis saqrestomaTio nimuSiskk

uwodebs. ukavSirebs mas ~postmodernistul ormag niRabskk da aRniSnavs; ~afredik mec stiluri ekleqtizmiT gamorCeuli mxatvruli teqstis SemakavSirebel faqtorad gvevli-neba da movlenaTa ganviTarebis epicentridan gvawvdis metateqstualur komentarebs.

afredik me is metpersonaJia, romelic Tavisi komentarebiT saTanado ganwyobas uqmnis mkiTxvels, axdens mis orientirebas, ganmartavs ucnauri, aratradiciuli xerxebis gamoye-

nebis miznebs. mokled, mxatvruli teqstis mniSvnelovani makonstituirebeli (safuZvel-damdebi) principis gansaxierebaa.kk(1;103-104) am literaturuli xerxis gamoyenebas mkvle-

vari postmodernistuls uwodebs da iqve yuradebas amaxvilebs qvesaTaurze (~fantastiu-

ri moTxrobakk) `es postmodernistuli TamaSia sityvis polisemiiT. fantastikuri uCveulos, jerar-

naxuls, araCveulebrivs, didebulsa da brwyinvalesac niSnavs. amgvari Rrmad dafaruli, xumrobanarevi TviTSefasebac wmindawylis postmodernia.kk(1:106)

amgvarad, CarTuli epizodi moTxrobaSi avtors mizanmimarTulad aqvs gamoyenebuli. am mxatvruli elementis gamoyenebiT, is ufro mravalferovnad da xazgasmulad gamoxa-tavs Tavis ZiriTad saTqmels, rom namdvili xelovnebis Sesaqmnelad saWiroa ori arsebiTi niSani; Tavisufleba da siyvaruli.

guram doCanaSvili mTlianad ar iziarebs postmodernistuli mimarTulebis yvela de-

bulebas, magram erTi ramis Tqma ki Tamamad SegviZlia, rom is sakmaod xSirad iyenebs, am mimdinareobisTvis damaxasiaTebel mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebebs esenia;

1) avtoris ormagi niRabi, romelic gulisxmobs mwerlis refleqsias teqstsa da misi Seqmnis procesze.

2) eseistur-Teoriuli CanarTebi. 3) ironia, rodesac ironizebulia ara mxolod personaJis pozicia, aramed gvxvdeba

ironia avtoris poziciidanac. 4) interteqstualuri TamaSi. 5) TamaSi sityvis polisemiT.


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6) stiluri ekleqtizmi. 7) metateqstualuri komentarebi. 8) metapersonaJebi. 9) sinteqsuri wyobis rRveva. 10) gramatikuli da punqtuaciuri wesebis uaryofa. yvela zemoT aRniSnuli mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualeba gvxvdeba guram doCa-

naSvilis moTxrobaSi ~vater(po)lo anu aRdgeniTi samoSaoebikk. guram doCanaSvilis erT-erT gamorCeuli romania ~samoseli pirvelikk. sadac kargad

aris naCvenebi gmiris fsiqologiur, religiuiri gardatexa, mwerali aTasgvari mxatvruli xerxebis wyalobiT gviCvenebs, gzas, romelic gmirma sakuTari Tavis Secnobamde ganvlo, gzas romelic savse iyo uamravi sirTuleebiT, da romelic sabolood uflisaken midioda. nawarmebSi aris uamravi personaJi, metateqstebis simravle.

Tavad avtori romanis dasawyisSi wers `es wigni sikeTesa da borotebazea, maT Secnoba-ze. soflel biW domenikoze, ltolvili kacis naambobis Semdeg is mSobliur saxls-kars tovebs da lamaz-qalaqSi midis.

TandaTan mraval adamianTan urTierTobisas, is Seimecnebs, Tu ra aris megobroba, siy-

varuli, sikeTe, patiosneba, gulwrfeloba.kk(3;1) rac Seexeba guram doCanaSvilis romans ~samoseli pirvelikk romelic naTlad gadmog-

vcems gaucxoebuli gmiris mxatvrul paradigmas masze saubrisas SeuZlebelia paraleli ar gavavloT

Tanamedroveobis erT-erTi gamorCeul mwerali paulo koelisTan. mwerlis mTavari saTqmelic esaa, gmirma unda Seimecnos sakuTari Tavi, ~alqimikosikk amis naTeli dadastu-rebaa. koelios mTavari moqmedi piri santiago da doCanaSvilis romanis mTavari gmiri do-

meniko im tipis adamianebi arian, romlebic cxovrebiseuli amocanis amosaxsnelad erTsa da imave gzas daadgnen, miznad daisaxes maTTvis ucnobi samyaros xilva, sadac maTi cxov-

rebisgan sruliad gansxvavebuli ambebi xdeboda, am samyarosken mimavali gza uamravi dab-rkolebiT iyo aRsavse.

aRsaniSnavia, rom arc erT gmirs ojaxis mxridan araviTari problema ar SeqmniaT, piri-

qiT—mSoblebi Svilebs sakuTari Tavis ZiebaSi daexmarnen. rodesac santiagom mRvdlobaze uari ganacxada da Tavisi survili mamas gaando, man ara Tu xeli ar SeuSla Svils, aramed gasamgzavrebeli fulic ki misca. santiagom im fuliT cxvrebi iyida da ase daiwyo misi Tav-

gadasavlebiT aRsavse cxovreba. `da roca mama gzas ulocavda, Svilma mis TvalebSi amoi-

kiTxa, rom, siberis miuxadavad, isic mogzaurobis dauZlevel ltolvas grZnobda, magram gulSi iklavdakk(4:12) Svilma mamis survilebis ganxorcieleba SeZlo. ~cxovreba swored imiT aris saintereso, SeiZleba yvela sizmari axdesik(4:13) -swored am sizmris asaxdenad midis gmiri, sizmrisa, romelic mosvenebas ar aZlevda. man egviptis piramidebis xilva gai-

xada cxovrebis mTavar miznad. santiagos Tu sizmari aiZulebs uxilavi da Soreuli samyaros Secnobisken svlas, do-

menikos amis survils ltolvili gauCens, romelic bedisweram mis sofelSi sruliad Sem-

TxveviT miiyvana. domeniko bavSvobaSi yovelTvis erTsa da imave TamaSs TamaSobda mudam Sinidan garbo-

da, magram yovelTvis ukan brundeboda. ras ifiqrebda, rom am TamaSs realobad aqcevda ma-

misa da ~samoseli pirvelis daxmarebiTkk ltolvili gaqra, magram Wabuks dautova udidesi survili ~lamazi qalaqiskk xilvisa. mamam misca am samoselidan wili, ase daadga domeniko 6 aTasi drahkaniTa da mogzaurobis dauokebeli surviliT aRWurvili sakuTari Tavis Sec-

nobisken mimaval gzas.


88

orive gmirs am ucnobi mimarTulebiT mimaval gzaze iseTi adamianebi xvdebian, romle-bic swori mimarTulebiT siaruls aswavlian. santiagos melqisedeki mfarvelobda, xolo dokenikos mama, romlis arsebobas Werze gaCenili laqiT SeigrZnobs.

am gzaze orive maTgans didi gaWirveba gadaxdebaT, moxvdebian brZolaSi, saidanac mfarvelebis wyalobiT Tavs uvneblad daaRweven, magram yvelaze didi brZola cxovrebas-Tan eliT. domeniko mamis mier micemul fuls xarjavs maSin, rodesac santiagos Tavis Sesa-

naxad mudmivi muSaoba uwevs. gmirebma, gaWirvebis garda, siyvarulic gamoscades, santia-

gos fatima, arabi qaliSvili Seuyvardeba, xolo domeniko colad SeirTavs lamaz-qalaqel ana-marias, magram masTan yofna ar dascalda, qals ubeduri SemTxvevis Sedegad klaven. sa-nam col-qmari iyvnen, maSinac ar grZnobda domeniko Tavs bednierad, mas coli yovelTvis Soreuli da miuwvdomeli eCveneboda, grZnobda, maT Soris viRac iyo, is, vinc Tavisuflad cxovrebis saSualebas ar aZlevda. coli musikasTan ~Ralatobdakk mas.

domenikos avtori mgzavrad moixseniebs igive iTqmis santiagozec, isic mgzavria, ro-melic bednierebas eZebs da poulobs kidec. mas uyvardeba qali, romelic siyvarulis enaze laparakobs, romelic siyvarulisTvisaa Seqmnili.

~yvelgan udabnos SuagulSi Tu did qalaqSi, erTi adamiani meores eZebs da elodeba. roca dgeba maTi gzebis gadakveTisa da TvalebSi Caxedvis wami, warsulic da momavalic az-rsa da mniSvnelobas kargavs, rCeba mxolod es erTi wami da gasaocari rwmena imisa, rom am-

qveynad yvelaferi erTi da imave xeliT aris naweri, es xeli aRviZebs sulSi siyvaruls da tyupiscal suls apovninebs yovels, vinc Sromobs, isvenebs an ganZs eZebs.kk(4;75)

fatimas udabnoSi gaicnobs santiago, iq sadac Zlieri siyvaruli ician da sadac Seyva-

rebuli qalebi samyaros aRsasrulamde elodebian sayvarel mamakacebs. ~udabnom saCuqari momitana da es Sen xarkk —uTxra Seyvarebuls qalma.

aseve udabnoSi gaicnobs santiago alqimikoss. man urCia, sayvareli qalTan darCenis magivrad, ganZis saZebrad wasuliyo, radgan masze fiqri arasdros moasvenebda. ganZisaken mimaval gzaze santiago mxolod sakuTari gulis mosmenas crdilobs. is Seimecnebs ufals, rac daexmareba kidec miznis miRwevaSi. domenikoc aseve ipovis Tavis TavSi ufals, rac xdeba safuZveli ~uZRebi Svilis dabrunebisa.kk marTalia, is glaxaki da upovari brundeba mSobliur saxlSi, magram brundeba sulierad amaRlebuli da ganwmendili, misi dabrunebis Semdeg samoseli pirveli cecxlSi inTqmeba, rac niSnia imisa, rom domenikom cxovrebis um-Tavresi gamocda warmatebiT Caabara.

rac Sexeba santiagos, is beladis tyveobidan Tavis daRwevis Semdeg ganZis saZieblad midis, misi gzamkvlevis rols alqimikosi asrulebs, is oqros miscems, radgan icis, rom or-

jer gaZarcves da `is, rac erTxel moxda, SeiZleba aRarasodes ganmeordes, magram orjer momxdari aucileblad ganmeordeba.kk(4:79)

egvipteSi marto darCa gmiri piramidebis winaSe, ar icoda, sad eZebna ganZi da sasowar-

kveTilebisagan atirda, simboluria is, rom cremlis adgilze qviSaSi xoWo micocavda, ro-

gorc avtori gadmogvcems xoWo egvipteSi RmerTis simbolo iyo. es niSani santiagos ufro metad aaxloebs ufalTan. ~fuli rad mWirdeba, Tuki sikvdili melis, fuli wuTieradac ver gamixangrZlivebs sicocxleskk —fiqrobda santiago da Tan ganZs eZebda. piramidebTan isev mZarcvelebi esxmian Tavs. is iZulebulia, samSobloSi dabrundes, sadac elis is, rasac eZebs. alqimikosma ukan dasabrunebeli gza dautova santiagos, Tavis saqciels ki ase ux-

snis `rom gamefrTxilebine, piramidebs veRar naxavdi. sacodaoba iqneboda am silamazis unaxavad ukan dabruneba.kk(4:126) Tumca es ar iyo mxolod piramidebis gamo gavlili gza, es iyo gza, sadac santiagom sakuTari Tavi ipova da eziara yvelaze did bednierebas siyva-

ruls. ganZis povnis Semdeg fatimasTan wasvla gadawyvita.


89

nawarmoebSi orive gmiri siyrmawvilis asakSia naCvenebi. im asakSi, rodesac adamians hgonia, rom sakuTari bedis Secvla SeuZlia, rodesac bedisweras ebrZvis.

~siymawvileSi yvela adamianma icis, ra bedic elis. cxovrebis am periodSi yvelaferi gasagebia da yvelaferi SesaZlebeli, amitom ar eSiniaT, iswrafvian imisken, risi gakeTebac surT. magram droTa ganmavlobaSi idumali Zala arwmunebT, rom ocnebis asruleba SeuZle-belia.kk(4:20)

Tumca santiago angrevs am stereotips. is cvlis Tavis cxovrebas da beds, miznis mi-

saRwevad ibrZvis da aRwevs kidec, amis Zalas aZlevs melqisedekis sityvebi ~adamians mxo-

lod erTderTi movaleoba akisria amqveynad bolomde mihyves beds es aris mTavari, daixso-me, roca gwadia raRac, mTeli samyaro gexmareba survilis SesrulebaSi.kk(4:22)

domeniko santiagos msagcad garbis da es gaqceva Tavisuflebisken swrafva da sakuTa-

ri Tavis Secnobisken mimavali gzaa. ~uZRebi Sviliskk igavis msgavsad gmirebi ukan brunde-

bian . besame da domeniko srulad gaucxoebuli gmirebi arian. Tavisuflebis surviliT Sepyrobil gmirebs surdaT vrceli samyaro exila, am gzaze,

sakuTari Tavis garda, aravin ar eRobebodaT. santiagosTvis cxvrebi, meduqnis qaliSvili da andalusiis velebi es yvelaferi mxolod miznamde misasvleli bilikebi iyo. ganZisken mimavali gza man uflis mier gamogzavnili niSnebiT Seicno. manSeZlo imis amokiTxva, rac cxovrebam SesTavaza, ukan moralurad da zneobrivad amaRlebuli dabrunda.

~vater(po)lo anu aRdgeniTi samoSaoebikk am romanisgan gansxvavebiT, ~samoseli pirve-

likk, marTalia, ar xasiaTdeba wminda postmodernistuli mimarTulebiT, magram masSi SeiZ-

leba garkveul wilad am niSnebis danaxva, romanis rTuli struqturuli agebuleba amis sa-

Sualebas iZleva. Tumca aRsaniSnavii, rom 70diani wlebis qarTul mwerlobaSi guram doCanaSvilma sru-

lad axali problemebi wamoWra, rac pirdapir kavSirSia postmodernistul mwerlobasTan, Tumca SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mwerlis erT romelime CarCoSi moqceva SeuZlebelia. mTavari personJebi gaucxoebulebi arian im garemosTan sadac uwevT cxovreba, amis gamo xSirad Ta-vad qmnian modernizebul samyaros, romelSic moqmedebis sruli Tavisufleba aqvT. pos-

tmodernistuli mimdinareoba ar cnoba sazRvrebs, realursa da gamogonil samyaros So-

ris zRvari moSlilia. guram doCanaSvilis nawarmoebebSi gaucxoebuli gmiris paradigmis gadmocemas, nova-

cia mwerlis SemoqmedebaSi naTlad gamovlinda, rac 21de saukunis qarTuli literaturis garkveul orientiradac SeiZleba moviazroT.

bibliografia:

1. bregaZe levan, `postmodernizmi qarTul mwerlobaSi~, Jurnali `sjani~, Tbilisi, 88-

110 6 2005 weli. 2. doCanaSvili guram, `vater(po)lo anu aRdgeniTi samoSaoebi~, `moTxrobebi~, Tbilisi,

`sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1987 weli, 1-560. 3. doCanaSvili guram, `samoseli pirveli~, Tbilisi, `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1990 weli. 4. koelio paulo, `alqimikosi~, Tbilisi, bakur sulakauris gamomcemloba, 2004 weli, 1-

125.


90

qeTevan samadaSvili ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, magistratura

mziT galeSili balaxis poezia (oTar CxeiZis mxatvruli

samyaros gaazrebisaTvis) xelmZRvaneli prof: Tamar paiWaZe

oTar CxeiZe qarTuli sityvierebis erT-erTi yvelaze TvalsaCino warmomadgenelia. misi saocrad TviTmyofadi, ZarRviani qarTuli sityva yovelTvis Seulamazeblad asaxavda

arsebul realobas. maSin, roca TviTgadarCenis instinqtiT Sepyrobili mwerlebis erTi na-

wili mtyuan-marTals erTmaneTSi urevda, oTar CxeiZe „gaubzaravi mwerluri sindisiT“

afasebda movlenebs. rogorc t. Wanturia aRniSnavs: „misi romanebis seriaSi ukeT, vinem ro-

melime sxva Tanamedrove mwerlis wignebSi, mocemulia TiTqmis mTeli meoce saukunis sa-qarTvelos cxovrebis rTuli da saintereso suraTi.“[4,405]

misi Semoqmedeba gajerebulia wrfeli adamianuri TanagrZnobiT — „mweralic iqaa, sad

adamiani SesWidebia bediswerasao“,[1,212] — aRniSnavda Tavad. misi 22-ve romani, uamravi

brwyinvale moTxroba Tu ese personaJTa saintereso galereas qmnis, magram amjerad mwer-lis gasaocar peizaJebze gavamaxvilebT yuradRebas, mSobliuri miwis STagonebiT rom gaa-

cocxla Semoqmedma.

swored am peizaJebiTaa „amoqarguli“ oTar CxeiZis mdidari memkvidreoba. avtori

ubadlo ostatobiT xatavs qarTul sanaxebs. lamis xelSesaxebia misi Tovli, aisi Tu daisi. kaklianSi awivlebuli Jruantelismomgvreli qari, lurji saRamoebi Tu mtvrian gzaze ga-

fenili naxiri.

mwerali poeturi uSualobiT aRiqvams adamianur grZnobebze moZalebul bunebas, ayu-

radebs mis maradiul, gamyinav sunTqvas, TiToeuli adamianis mier erTxel mainc gancdils da nagrZnobs: „qariSxali ras SeakrTobda, rogor Searxevda zeca damZimebuli Savi Rrub-

lebiTa, quSi RrublebiTa... mainc daiguguna didma kakalma, risxviTa da zariT daiguguna,

sadRac daiquxa, sadRac raRaca gaskda da miwa SeiZra.“[1,487]

mxolod aseTi zviadi, didebuli stiqiis fonze SeiZleboda cxovrebis wamierebaze Ca-

fiqrebuli erekle tatiSvilis monumenturi figuris danaxva: „foTlebi wioda, wioda didi foTlebi didi kaklisa, es ar uSlida, fiqrs ar uSlida, ar uSlida mogonebebsa, ufro Sve-

loda, amohqonda mimqrali da minavlebuli...“ [1,488]

mwerali ymawviluri uSualobiT Sehxaris soflis mtvrian Saragzaze avardnil bori-

ays. an, iqneb, es gulisgulSi Semonaxuli bavSvobis mogonebebia, iseTive wminda da lamazi, rogorc Tavad bavSvoba.

moTxrobaSi „deda“ o. CxeiZe lakoniurad, yoveli sityvis awonviT, aRwers sofelSi

gazrdili adamianebisTvis saocrad nacnob, dauviwyar idilias: „naxiri dabrunda, dabinav-

da, miwynarda xmauri, bRavili, zmuili. mtveri dawkna, naxirisagan Semotanili mtveri. rZis suni dadga bakebSi. Sors lixis mTagrexilze Camofenili wiTeli farda TandaTan dailia,

daviwrovda, zolad gaixlarTa da isic gaqra, uecrad gaqra, silurje wamovida, sigrile da

silurje moedo sofelsa.“ [1,445]

ase warmtacad binddeba mis mSobliur sofelSi, walkotadqceul miwaze. Tumca adamia-nebs aqac stkivaT, aqac awuxebT uerTmaneToba, enatrebaT da elian.

dinjia misi Txrobis stili, qarTluri iotaTi gamyarebuli. bunebis yvelaze amaRle-

buli, amaRelvebeli peizaJis miRma ki didi sevda igrZnoba — warmavalobis, terfdamCneu-

lobis: „Rrublebi miscuravda cazeda, lurjsa, kriala cazeda, Rrubelic TeTri iyo, TeT-


91

ri, gadapentili. mere Rrubelic aimRvreoda, lurji zecaca, qari imitoma hqroda, imitoma Zrialebda xeebi.“[2, 211]

STambeWdavia TviTmfrinavidan danaxuli alpuri zonis peizaJi, „yvavilebis zeimSi, si-

naTlis, siqorfis zeimSi“[3,427] gadamdnari. mkiTxvelis Tvalwin svaneTi cocxldeba Tavisi

pirvelqminili didebulebiT: „iqve, saidanac xelisguliviT mosCanda saTave zesxosi, veeba yinuli frTilebidan rom Camokiduliyo, ZafebiviT rom Camodioda nakadulebi, Camodioda

da ixveoda, igrixeboda xevis TiTistarzeda; bzinavda xevi, miT ufro bzinavda nakadulebi

da yinvarebi, mze uxvad exveoda yvelafersa.“[3,427]

TiTqos sityvaZunwad, magram saocari dagemovnebiT xatavs mwerali „TqorSi gamolan-dul“ svanur koSkebs, uSgulis mSvenebas, Sehxaris landebis, vaJkacobis sauflos. mas, ro-

gorc misive personaJebs, Waobis da qvesknelis zRaprebs zecisa urCevnia, „laRi fiqri rom

icis, aRtacebismomgvreli.“[3,427]

mwerals gansxvavebuli, sakuTari samyaro aqvs: amaRlebuli, RrublebSi moriale, irea-luri xilvebiT savse: „eha, sadirboze gawelila mzei da CaxCaxa RrublebSi livlivebs doqi,

miscuravs, livlivebs, livlivebs doqi.“[1,517] sityvis ganmeoreba amZafrebs aRqmas, STa-

beWdilebas.

gansakuTrebiT mSvenieria kalmis magiuri ZaliT gacocxlebuli tbis peizaJi: „... is tba ro iyo, xarisTvalai, lamazi tbai, Rrmai, sevdiani, daRlili gziTa, ganvlili gziTaca da

gasavleliTaca, — mainc ro unda adges da wavides, iaros, iaros da iaros.“ [2,343]

o. CxeiZesTan Tovls raRac sul sxvanairi, sakraluri datvirTva aqvs: „haeri iyo gayi-

nuli, gayinuli da wminda da saaxalwlo kiJina rekda, rogorc zari, zari Zlieri, uxila-

vi“[1,496] — am moTxrobaSi spetak siTeTreSi CaZiruli moxucis kar-midamo TiTqos gangaSis uxilav zars autania, rasac fantelebis odnavgasagoni Sriali da mitovebuli, adamianis

marjvenas moklebuli ezo adasturebs.

sxvagan mwerali gulisfancqaliT miuyveba daTovlil frialoebs, ase mSobliurs qar-

Tveli kacisTvis: „frialoebi bzinavda mzigulada, daTovlili mwvervalebica bzinavda, oRond sxvadasxvagvarada bzinavda da sxvasaxvagvar SiSsac gamoscemda SeRamebisasa, tyec

daibubunebda.“[1,397] mis „nakrZaliseul“ peizaJze TiTqos is SiSicaa gamoxatuli, xeluxle-

belma, tyeSi Caflulma bunebam rom icis, qarianSi fiWvnaris kvnesas rom waagavs. am zRaprul

saufloSi erTgvarad gamartivebulia cxovreba — „amao yofis amao sazrunavisgan“ Tavisdax-snis, moRuRune buxarTan ganmartoebisa da Cafiqrebis dauokebeli survili igrZnoba.

oTar CxeiZis personaJebi, cxovrebis oromtrialisagan gadaRlilni, xSirad ubrunde-

bian bavSvobis keras, raTa TvalTagan burusi gadaiwmindon, Tavidan, Tu es SesaZlebelia,

pirveli nabijebidan, daiwyon yvelaferi. maT TiTqos swadiaT ganvlili gzis, gadatanili tkivilebis waSla. mwerals swams, rom maTi Camqrali, danacrebuli grZnobebis gamofxizle-

ba mSobliur sanaxebs, nacnob peizaJebs, bunebis wiaRs, miwas SeuZlia: „irgvliv sruli mdu-

mareba iyo, sdumda daTovlili mindori, didi mindori, romelsac Tavs wasdgomoda zviadi,

daTovlili mTagrexili, sdumda, gamtknarebuliyo midamo, xolo Tovli xasxasebda, ferad-ferad sxioda Zalmileul, daRlil mzisqveSa. ca mdumarebda, TovlSi Cafluli.“[3,268]

romanSi „boriayi“, 1924 wlis politikur movlenebs rom asaxavs, bunebis peizaJebi sa-

ocrad organulad, uSualod esadagebian ganwiruli adamianebis sulis mdinarebas.

„boriayi“ TiTqos monumenturi mxatvruli tiloa, erTi amosunTqviT daxatuli, ori-

ginaluri, qariSxliani. irgvliv mtveria, „mtveri agvistosi, buRiani agvistosi“, Semawuxebeli axalgazrda,

imedebiT savse mogzaurisaTvis, sul male Tavadac rom dasneuldeba simartoviTa da SiSiT.


92

romani muqi ferebiTaa daxatuli. RvTis msgavsad da xatad Seqmnili adamianebis sisas-tike da gautanloba erTi didi, usaSvelod gawelili Ramis STabeWdilebas tovebs, Tumca

mwerali am wkvaram sibneleSic povebs gamosavals, — es miwaa, qarTuli miwa, RmerTTan, mara-

diulobasTan gaigivebuli. misgan midian da masve ubrundebian adamianebi: „miwas mihqonda

dardi, miwa itevda yvela fiqrsa, urvasa, vaebasa. miwa acxrobda yvela mRelvarebasa, Smag vnebebsa, vnebebs aRmrevTa cxovrebisasa, miwis aRreva aRar SeeZloT. simSvide amodioda mi-

widana, nitbisis miwidana.“[2,175]

miseuli miwa TiTqos cocxalia, feTqavs, sunTqavs. mwerali miwasTan aigivebs qarTuli

TviTmyofadobis fesvebs, Cvens identobas. qarTuli miwis xelTuqmnel sanaxebs Seexizna zurab qvacixelic, „cxrawyaros“ perso-

naJi, soflis Tavkaci, Tumca, bedis ukuRmarTobiT, Tanasoflelebisagan gariyuli.

igi pirvelqmnili bunebis Svilia, futkrebTan da irmebTan mosaubre, tyis qomagi: „ire-

mi tyisaa, tyem icis tyisa!“[2,353] — acxadebs zurabi. romani didostatis kalmiTaa dawerili. mwerali acocxlebs qarTuli mTianeTis zeaR-

mtac suraTebs, adamianebis sulis meoxad rom Cndebian da qrebian: „idga Jami savse mTvari-

sa, mze Cadioda da TiTqos arcao, ise Cadioda, mTvare maSinve aenTeboda, misdarajeboda Ca-

maval mzesa. ...tyec anaTebda, enTo da anaTebda yvela da yvelaferi, — idga Jami savse mTva-risa.“[2,378]

mxolod gulboroti adamianebi arRveven TavianTi sisastikiT bunebis idilias. im

dRes, umanko nukri rom daWres, „sisxlad Cavida mzei, sisxlis kvali dastova gzazeda. es

CabrZaneba ar vargoda, avada bzinavda es sisxlis kvali. ...is didxans gahyurebda sisxlian

kvalsa, Rrublis qulaTa sisxlianTa...“[2,353] arada, iseTi mSvenieria ganTiadi cxrawyaroze, mdumare didebulebiT rom xvdeba mom-

locvelT! mwerali TiTqos jadosnuri kalmiT axerxebs saocrad cocxali, mfeTqavi, dina-

mikuri suraTebis Seqmnas: „cvarnami didxansa cimcimebs mzezeda, cimcimebs yvavilebi cvar-

namiT galumpuli, cimcimebs da mirbixar, cimcimebs da elavs, srialebs, gadaitalReba fe-radferada, cisartyelebad gadaitalReba... gesmis CurCuli tyisa, mTaTa CurCuli, CurCu-

li bunebisa, duduni RvTaebrivi...“[2,417]

oTar CxeiZis romanebsa Tu moTxrobebSi gansakuTrebuli TanagrZnobiTaa gamokveTili

bunebaze usazRvrod Seyvarebuli kacis saxe, dasuraTebulia uaRresad qarTuli peizaJebi. Tavad mwerali Tavisi Semoqmedebis muxts mSobliuri miwis wiaRidan iRebda — SemTxve-

viTi rodia mravlismetyveli minaweri misi romanebisa Tu moTxrobebis epilogze — „yel-

qceuli, esa da es weli“...

am didebuli, Tvalwarmtaci peizaJebis miRma dgas Rrmad Cafiqrebuli, qarTul miwa--wyalze uzomod Seyvarebuli mwerali, romlis mTeli Semoqmedeba „mziT galeSili balaxis“

poeziaa.

bibliografia :

1. CxeiZe o., ortomeuli, t. II, Tb., 1974; 2. CxeiZe o., „boriayi,“ „cxrawyaro“, Tb., 1984; 3. CxeiZe o., „burusi“, „aRmarT-daRmarTi“, „nakrZali“, Tb., 1979;


93

violeta avetisiani ilias saxelmwifo universiteti. doqtorantura

aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis dialogi grigol robaqiZis romanSi

`gvelis perangi~

xelmZRvaneli profesori: Tamar lomiZe

grigol robaqiZe (1880d1962 w.w.) aris me-20 saukunis qarTuli „inteleqtualuri emig-raciis“ erT-erTi gamoCenili warmomadgeneli. emigraciam didi zegavlena moaxdina mwer-

lis msoflmxedvelobaze da Taviseburad ganapiroba misi Semoqmedebis mxatvruli suraTi.

mwerali, Tavisi wignebis siuJetis ganviTarebisTvis, irCevs rogorc aRmosavlur, aseve da-

savlur samyaros. robaqiZis mxatvrul prozaSi Cven vxvdebiT mravali erovnebisa da sar-

wmunoebis xalxs. maTi kulturis, cxovrebisa da xasiaTis aRweriT mwerali amdidrebs Tavis Semoqmedebas. robaqiZis nawarmoebebSi Cven SegviZlia vixiloT rogorc aRmosavluri da

dasavluri kulturebis warmomadgenelTa urTierToba, aseve mravali kulturis mxatvru-

li sinTezi. amis naTeli magaliTia grigol robaqiZis romani „gvelis perangi“ (1926 w.). am wignSi moqmedeba viTardeba ZiriTadad sparseTisa da saqarTvelos teritoriaze.

magram avtori ar gansazRvravs mocemuli romanis Sinaars mxolod sparselebisa da qarTve-

lebis cxovrebis aRweriT; igi mravali erovnebisa da rassis warmomadgenelTa bedzec gvi-

ambobs. romanSi naTqvamia: „rusebi. litvelebi. polonelebi. berZnebi. osebi. qarTvelebi.

somxebi. yvelaze meti d rusebi. maTze meti d qarTvelebi. kidev meti d somxebi. profilebi: assargadonidan karapetamde“ [robaqiZe 1988: 67].

aRsaniSnavia, rom „gvelis perangi“-s im epizodebSi, rodesac moqmedeba iranSi viTarde-

ba, avtori ama Tu im personaJis erovnul identobaSi garkvevas cdilobs. magaliTad, roma-

nis mTavar gmirs mwerali Seiyvans TxrobaSi Semdegi sityvebiT: „qvis lomTan zis ucxo kaci. <...> ucxo kaci ar aris: arc sparsi arc osmali arc hindu arc ebraeli arc slavi arc fran-

gi arc germaneli. arc qarTveli?!“, d ekiTxeba Tavis Tavs mTxrobeli. da aqve Cndeba varau-

di, rom ucxo kaci „hgavs mxolod inglisels. isic pirveli SexedviT“ [robaqiZe 1988: 15]. an

magaliTad, romanis erT-erTi personaJis aRwera: „kacma ar icis: berZenia trapizonidan Tu

somexi rostovidan Tu aisori urmiidan“ [iqve: 33]. xandaxan avtors uWirs adamianis erovne-bis konkretuli gansazRvra, magaliTad: „generali n. n. baraTovi d osi Tu kazaki Tu orive

erTad“ [iqve: 17], d vardeba sagonebelSi mwerali.

gr. robaqiZem amaod ar SearCia iranis teritoria, anu aRmosavluri sivrce „gvelis pe-

rangi“-s siuJetis ZiriTadi nawilis ganviTarebisTvis. mwerlis statiaSi „sicocxlis gan-cda dasavleTsa da aRmosavleTSi“ amis axsna moiZebneba. mwerali ambobs: „aRmosavleTSi de-

damiwa ufro metia, vidre wminda hysis: is kosmiuri yofierebaa, romelSic miTis sunTqva

aRmocendeba. adamiani am landSaftSi patara Cans, TiTqmis SeiZleboda gveTqva d erTi ci-

da. TviT landSafts adamianis aRmatebuli sidide aqvs. dro aq ar miedineba, is, sivrceSi amaRlebuli, gaqvavebulia d da wami Tavis TavSi maradisobas inaxavs. <...> aRmosavleTSi

kiTxuloben: „saidan?“ da auCqareblad molodinSi rinddebian. dasavleTSi kiTxuloben:

„saiT?“ da mouTmenlobiT mousvenrad drtvinaven...“ [2].

mocemul romanSic gadmocemulia mwerlis damokidebuleba aRmosavluri da dasavlu-ri kulturebis mimarT, avtori ambobs: „<...> dasavleTSi ar ician „mama“. iq „Svilia“ mxo-

lod. isic mowyvetili. aRmosavleTSi hamlet SeuZlebelia: mamas mocilebuli. aq arc faus-

tia: mamas rom daeZebs. CvenSi „Svili“ imTaviTve mamis wiaRSia. es kantis TavSi ar Seva.“ [ro-

baqiZe 1988: 46]. aqedan gamomdinareobs „gvelis perangi“-s personaJebis mTavari probleba,d


94

isini xom TavianT „Zirebs“ mowyvetilni arian. es aris maTi tkivili da dardi. maT aerTia-nebs sevda, nostalgia TavianT istoriul samSobloze. magaliTad, romanis erT epizodSi

arCibald mekeSis „Tanamgzavri d 50 wlis hebraeli d ganze gaCerebula da kldeebis mimarT

raRacas mReris... ras mReris?! Tu ras stiris?!“, d fiqrobs arCiabaldi. „hebraelic raRa-

cas uxmobs d (Tu igonebs?!). uxmobs aRTqmul qveyanas. igonebs Zvels mamuls. sevda ucnois. oxvra uTqois“ [robaqiZe 1988: 119], d naTqvamia wignSi. maSasadame, „gvelis perangSi“ gr. ro-

baqiZe xazgasmiT aRniSnavs adamianis kavSirs Tavis „ZirebTan“, anu winaprebTan da istori-

ul samSoblosTan. romanis mixedviT, es kavSiri dros ar miekuTvneba da iarsebebs manamde,

sanam arsemobs kacobrioba. amis gacnobiereba ki, romanis mixedviT, swored aRmosavlur sivrceSi xdeba.

unda aRiniSnos, rom gr. robaqiZe saqarTvelos, Tavisi kulturiT, aRiqvamda rogorc

aRmosavleTis erT-erT nawils. „gvelis perangSi“ naCvenebia avtoris mier mSobliuri kul-

turuli sivrcis aRqmis TaviseburebaTa xasiaTi. magaliTad, qarTuli simReris aRweriT mwerali gvixatavs saqarTvelos istorias, kulturasa da bunebas. nawarmoebSi naTqvamia:

„mRerian „mravalJamiers“ kaxurs: romelic modis rogorc alaznis veli. jer neli. mere ax-

Sirebuli. mere amwvari. Semdeg napirebgadalaxuli. bolos: moqneuli rogorc salte. aq

lxinia vaJkacis romelic omidan dabrunda gamarjvebuli. mRerian „mravalJamiers“ qar-Tuls: romelic iRvreba rogorc qarTlis veli mdore. jer isic Senelebuli. Semdeg gaqane-

buli. Semdeg qedgazneqili. bolos qedamarTuli. aq aris cixis dacva mecixovneTa mier: ro-

melTac ician gandoba da gatana. gauZlebs cixe yovelTvis Semoseulebs?! da simReras bo-

loSi gaguduli boRma gadahkravs odnav. mRerian maRal „delias“. TiTqo damcxral gri-

gals imerTa mTebidan SenelebiT xevebSi CaSvebuls“ [iqve: 37]. aq mwerali aRniSnavs, rom „es simRera iSviaTia: saqarTveloSiac ki. aq aris: kaxis lxini da xmali d qarTlis simtkice da

fari d svanis javSani da „lile“ d xevsuris Subli da SemarTeba. mRerian. mRerian: TiTqo

dedofali mohyavdeT... erTimeores gadaWdobil xmlebze“ [robaqiZe 1988: 37].

romanis mixedviT, qarTul cekvaSi ki gamoxatulia mTeli qarTveli eris xasiaTi. wig-nSi naTqvamia: „moSorebiT ukravs sazandari d (axlovdeba). cekvaven „lekurs“ <...>. vaJi ga-

moixmobs saTnoebis dahs qarTvels. <...> ramdeni vaJuri Seteva da ramdeni qaluri garinde-

ba?! ramdeni kamara siyvarulis Tu trfialis poemis?! bolos: TiTqo qalis datyveveba da

aWrili kamariT mis gataceba. magram ara. tyve qmnili qali vaJis mklavebisaTvis mTeli sxe-uliT gadaxsnili d (TiTqo es aTamaSebuli sxeuli afeTqili gulia marto) d uecari mos-

xletiT vaJis rkalidan gavardeba qalwuluri darcxveniT. cekva TiTqo wydeba: ar Tavdeba.

es beWedia qarTuli rassis da misi siraindis. <...> exla „mTiuls“ cekvaven. ritmi sada d

magram lamazi rogorc pirvelsunTqva atexili Walebis. marto cecxli. marto atexva. mar-to sigiJe. xalisi pirvelmiwis. lxenisaTvis es pirvelritmi ufro laRia da zRudegadamla-

xavi. cekvaven erTsa da imaves. magram d exla gvarobiT. erTi gvari erTi ieriT cekvavs. meo-

re d sxvarigaT. mesame d kidev sxvanairad. irkveva ara marto rassa mTelis d aramed jiSic

calkeul gvaris“ [iqve: 39-40]. „gvelis perangSi“ aseve aRwerilia sxvadasxva kulturaTa Taviseburi Sejaxeba da Ser-

wyma. magaliTad, romanis erT-erT epizodSi naTqvamia: „somxebis sufraze Tari. viRac gasa-

ocrad ukravs. Tari neldeba da meore kaci dairs iRebs. SeaTamaSebs xelSi da yurTan mii-

tans: da... gahkivis mwared baiaTs... uecrad qarTuli sufridan gaismis smuri: d gaumarjos

im ambavs: rom somexi sparseTSi qarTuli sityvebiT sparsul baiaTs gahkivis“ [iqve: 70-71]. romanis sxva nawilSi, sadac moqmedeba ukve TbilisSi viTardeba, mwerali gamoxatavs azrs

da gvaCvenebs Tavis damokidebulebas kulturaTa sinTezis mimarT. wignSi naTqvamia: „sity-


95

va qarTuli. baiaTi sparsuli. xma „yaraCoRelis“. rassis domxali?! aq Tua wvaleba“ [robaqi-Ze 1988: 210], — fiqrobs romanis avtori.

wignSi aseve gamoxatulia erT-erTi gmiris d amerikeli miliarderis fergius urvoo-

ris utopiuri idea, survili Seiqmnas idealuri samyaro sadac mxolod gamorCeuli adamia-

nebi icxovreben. romanSi naTvamia: „fergius urvoor ucnauri kacia. mas aqvs villa xmelTa-Sua zRvis piras gamarTuli. <...> igi iwvevs yovel zafxuls rCeul pirebs evropis yvela

kuTxeebidan. hqmnis maTTvis axal qveyanas. cxovrobs Seqmnili qveyniT“ [iqve: 19]. am gmirs

mxolod is awuxebs, rom „mTeli misi villa mTeli misi morTulobiT mTeli misi stumrebiT

mTeli misi midamoebiT d ar SeuZlia mas gadaisrolos badesaviT TviTon zRvaSi da gaxados igi mcurav kunZulad. sami dRis Semdeg (ki d v. a.) villa xmelTaSua zRvis piras udaburia“

[iqve]. amis mizezi ki is aris, rom urvooris stumrebs „Zirebma gaitaces“ [robaqiZe 1988: 24].

romanis mixedviT mxolod religias SeuZlia sxvadasxva erovnebis, kulturisa da

mrwamsis adamianTa gaerTianeba. nawarmoebSi naTqvamia: „maRlobze d taZari ozirisis. ta-ZarSi gaismis saxelic „eloRhimis“. arabebi d semitebi d hebraelebi d Savkaniani tomebi:

yvelani iq midian wirvisa da locvisaTvis“ [iqve: 120]. aqedan gamomdinare, swored wminda ad-

gilebSi sityvebi „ruaxh eloRhim“, anu „TiToeuli da mTeli“ WeSmarit azrs pouloben da

maTi Rrma arsi sruliad gasagebi xdeba.

bibliografia

1. robaqiZe 1988: gr. robaqiZe, gvelis perangi. falestra. Tbilisi, merani, 1988.

2. gr. robaqiZe, sicocxlis gancda dasavleTsa da aRmosavleTSi// http://burusi. wordpress. com/2010/02/04/grigol-robakidze-7/ (bolo naxva - 15.06.2012).


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TaTia labaZe ivane javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, bakalavriati

nerse erisTavis mxatvruli saxis recefcia Tanamedrove qarTul

mwerlobaSi

xelmZRvaneli profesori: maka elbaqiZe

nerse II erismTavris Sesaxeb istoriuli wyaroebi Zalian mwir informacias gvawvdis.Ta-nac Cvenemde moRweul cnobebSi areulia am periodis qarTlis mmarTvelTa zeobis wlebi da

Tanmimdevroba. k.kekeliZe aRniSnavs: „raRac naglejebi Semounaxavs istoriul gadmocemas,

magram erTmaneTSia areuli yvelaferi“ sxva mkvlevrebic miuTiTeben, rom nerses zeobis

periodis raRac monakveTi matianidan usaTuod amovardnilia. sxvadasxva wyaroebis mona-

cemebi xSirad erTmaneTs ar emTxveva. isic aRsaniSnavia, rom rodesac ama Tu im istoriul wyaroebSi nerse meorea dasaxele-

buli, is yovelTvis ixsenieba gakvriT da yovelTvis raime mniSvnelovan movlenasTan dakav-

SirebiT, magaliTad, „matiane qarTlisai“ gvauwyebs : „rameTu mamaadarneses nerse, Ze varaz-

bakur anTipatrikisa, da amis varaz-bakuris mama, saxeliT guaram kurapalati, Ze pirvelisa stefanozisi da Zma demetresi,- eseni gardacvalebul iqnes.“

meore istoriuli wyaro, sumbat daviTis Zis qronikac, aseve, gakvriT da sasxvaTaSori-

sod gvauwyebs: „ da merme erisTavobda nerse da Zeni misni filipe da stefanoz da adarnese

da Zeni misni gurgen erisTavi, aSot kurpalati...“ „moqcevai qarTlisais“ erT variantSi vkiTxulobT: „da merme erisTavobda nerse didi

da Zeni misni filipe da stefanoz, adarnese da guaram...da Zenive adarnesesni aSot da gur-

gen...“

nerse erisTavis mxatvruli saxe sakmaod mkrTalad da sqematurad aris warmodgenili qarTul agiografiul mwelobaSi,kerZod, „abos wamebasa“ da „grigol xanZTelis cxovreba-

Si.“ nerse erisTavis pirovneba aq, iseve rogorc istoriul matianeebSi, naCvenebia sxca mov-

lenebTan Tu personaJebTan dakavSirebiT.

ioane sabanisZis „abos wamebis“ meore, agiografiuli Tavi nerse erisTavis ambis Txro-

biT iwyeba: „ rameTu iyo Jami, odeserismTavari igi qarTlisai saxeliT nerse, Zei adarnese kurapalatisa da erismTavrisai, mowodebul iqmna qveyanad babilovnisa mflobelsagan mis

Jamisa sarkimozTaisa amira mumnisa abdilaisagan, romeli iyo qalaqsa mas didsa baRdads,

romelica igi man aRaSena.(Zeglebi 1963:55).

xolo SesmeniTa borotTa kacTaiTa sapyrobilesa Seagdo man nerse,erisTavi qveyanisa amis qarTlisai.“ TxzulebaSi arabTa xalifisgan Serisxuli erisTavis mxatvruli saxe qar-

TlisTvis metad rTuli viTarebis fonzea warmoCenili: „mieriTgan da vidre aqamomde na-

Sobni risteaneTani gardagvlarZnes— romelnime mZlavrebiT romelnime SetyuviliT, ro-

melnime siyrmesa Sina umecrebiT,romelnime mzakvrebiT. da sxvani, romelni—ese varT mor-wmuneni,mZlavrebasa qveSe damonebulni da naklulevanebiTa da siglaxakiTa Sekrulni, vi-

Tarca rkiniTa xarksa qveSe maTsa gvemulni da qenjnilni,Zvir-Zvirad zRveulni, SoSiTa ga-

nilevian da iryevian, viTarca lerwamni qarTaga ZlierTa.aramed qristes siyvaruliTa da

SiSiTa, Cveulebisaebr mamulisa slvisa, WirTa moTminebiTa ara ganeSorebian mxolodSo-bilsa Zesa RmrTisasa.“(Zeglebi 1963:50).

rogorc istoriuli wyaroebidanaa cnobili, qarTlSi politikuri viTareba gansakuT-

rebiT damZimda abbaseli gvaris pirveli xalifebis mefobaSi, romelTac SemoiRes mkacri

sarwmunoebrivi,mahmadianuri mimarTuleba politikaSi. maT drs xalxi, didi da patara, Se-


97

viwroebuli iyo. qveyana mZime tvirTqveS iWyliteboda. am mkacr mmarTvelTa gunds xalifa mansuric ekuTvnoda, romlis mmarTvelobis meore naxevarSi,kerZod, 772 wels igi „mowode-

bul iqmna queyanad babilovanisa“ (javaxiSvili, 1977:81).

faqtia, nerses baRdadSi xmoba seriozuli politikuri mizezebiT iyo gamowveuli. ami-

ra mumni abdila qarTvelTa erTgulebisaTvis uwyreboda erisTavs da mosvlisTanave „Ses-meniTa borotTa kacTaiTa STaagdo sapyrobilesa nerse erisTavi qvenisa amis qarTlisai da

pyrobil iyo igi mun Jamadmde samisa wlisa vidremdis brZanebiTa RmrTisaiTa mokuda abdi-

la amira mumni da dajda mis win Zei misi mahdi. xalifa mahdim gamoiyvana nerse „mwarisa mis-

gan sapyrobilisa da ganuteva igi kualad erismTavrobiT aqa qveynadve Tuisad.“ nerse erosTavs mainc didxans ver usiamovnebia arabebisaTvis da bolos mainc „ kualad iyo gan-

risxebai xelmwifeTa maT sarkinozTai nerse erisTavsa zeda. sastikad hbrZodes mas sarki-

nozTa eri“, amitom „ivltoda igi“ CrdiloeTisaken politikuri TaSesafris da daxmarebis

misaRebad ,rogorc Cans, xazarTa mefem, romlis daxmarebis imedic hqonda eisTavs, ver ga-beda arabTa winaaRmdeg raome qmediTi RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba.Sedegad,nersem bizan-

tiis mZlavri „frTis qveS“ myof afxazeTs miaSura ,sadac leon mefis karze droebiT TavSe-

safari hpova ojaxis wevrebTan da Tavis amalasTan erTad.

„Semdgomad sivltolisa mis nerseisisa qarTliT warmoavlina mahdi amira mumnman brZa-nebiTa RmrTisaiTa stefanoz Ze gurgenisi erisTavisai,diswuli nerseisa erismTavrad qve-

yanasa amas qarTlad“. ese ambavi gaxarebia nerses da daSvidebula, „rameTu uflebi igi sax-

lisa misisagan ara ganaSora RmerTman“. man arabTa xalifas Sin dabrunebis nebarTva sTxova

da Tanxmobis miRebis Semdgom erisTavobis pativayrili TbilisSi dabrunda.

ra daskvnis gamotana SeiZleba am mwiri cnobebidan? marTalia, am Txzulebidan gamom-dinare Cans, rom nerse erisTavi sakmaod mniSvnelovani pirovneba iyo ,rom, faqtobrivad,

abos sulieri metamorfoza swored mas ukavSirdeba ,mgram Tavad nerses saxe ki metad

mkrTaladaa warmodgenili nawarmoebSi. konkretulad arc is viciT, Tu ratom Seipyres

nerse, an meored ratom datova Tbilisi. avtori ar ganmartavs,rom misi xazareTs wasvla an-tiarabuli miznebiT unda momxdariyo. zogjer iseTi STabeWdileba iqmneba, rom avtori

TiTqos ganzrax mosavs idumalebiT nerses pirovnebas. igi mxolod fonia abos mxatvruli

saxis warmosaCenad.

(WeliZe1976:35) neses cxovrebidan mxolod is epizodebia moxmobili, rac abos Tavgada-savalis umTavres momentebs ukavSirdeba.

meorexarisxovani personaJis xatvis amgvari manera agiografiuli Zeglis specifikiT

unda aixsnas. am Janris TxzulebebSi yuradReba koncentrirebulia mowamisa an moRvawis su-

lier misiaze da ara, Tundac, gamorCeuli istoriuli piris moRvaweobaze,am SemTxvevaSi av-toris mier SemuSavebuli ideologiur- msoflmxedvelobrivi koncefcia, aseTi iyo: roca

qarTlis gadarCena omiT SeuZlebelia, is ideologiurad unda gadarCes. (elaSvili

2009:130) es pozicia, romelic nawarmoebSi ganmtkicebulia abos mowameobrivi Rvawlis Cve-

nebiT (abo magaliTia rwmenaSeryeuli qarTvelebisaTvis) seriozuli msoflmxedvelobriv datvirTvas iZens giorgi merCulis TxzulebaSi, „grigol xanZTelis cxovreba“ . SemTxvevi-

Ti araa is faqtic, rom „udabnoTa qalaqmyofelis“, „zecisa kacis da queyanisa angelizis“,

grigolis ,sulieri aRzrda mzaddeba qarTlSi, swored nerse erismTavris ojaxSi, warCine-

bulTa, didebulTa Tu marTlmorwmuneTa wreSi. amgvarad unda vivaraudoT rom nerses

karze xdeba Sorsgamiznuli da masStaburi erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli koncefciis Se-muSaveba da, amasTanave, im saxelmwifoebrivi sawyisebis warmoSoba, romelic daviT aRmaSe-

neblis da Tamar mefis epoqaSi umaRlesi saxelisuflo cnobierebis CamoyalibebaSia gamo-

xatuli.yovelive amisTvis am etapze aucilebeli iyo qarTuli eklesiiis „cnobieri avtoke-


98

falia“ rac grigol xanZTelis saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli. es ki momavalSi iqca sababad da safuZvlad erTiani saxlmwifos Seqmnisa.

sagulisxmoa is gaermoeba, rom swored sasuliero Zeglis saazrovno sivrceSi, kon-

kretuli istoriuli piris kerZod, nerse erisTavis sakmaod mkrTali StrixebiT mowodebu-

li saxismetyvelebiTi portreti exmareba mkiTxvels abos da „ grigol xanZTelis Rvawlis“ cnobier gaSinaarsebaSi. (elaSvili 2009:137).

amgvaria nerse erisTavis mxatvruli saxis recefcia qarTul agiografiaSi. saintere-

soa, rogor gardasaxa misi mxatvruli saxe XX saukunis realistur prozaSi?

vladimer tatiSvilis romani „abo Tbileli“ siuJeturad mihyveba agiografiul teqsts. moqmedeba baRdadidan iwyeba im momentSi, rodesac sapyrobilidan gaTavisufle-

bil nerses tkivilebis dasaameblad abos miuCenen. pirvelive naxvisas Cndeba raRac uxilavi

kavSiri arab ymawvilsa da qarTlis erismTavars Soris.

„es ymawvili ,- fiqrobda nerse,- qveynis mbrZaneblebsa da didebulebs emsaxureba. gana ganebivrebuli adamianebi Caswvdebian misi ostatobis did Zalas? RmerTma igi gaaCina imaT

imedad, romlebmac tyveobis sisastike igemes.“ (tatiSvili 1984:4).

dasneulebul nerses Sveba mianiWa abom, erisTavic moxiblulia misi profesionaliz-

miT da pirovnuli TvisebebiT: „marTlac amayi ymawvilia“-aRniSnavs igi. amave dialogSi nerseTi moxibluli abo mzadaa mas gahyves qveynis kidemde: - „Tqven yvelaze vaJkacuri ada-

miani xarT, Cemo xelmwifev, dedamiwis zurgze Tqveni toli ver moiZebneba !“ movlenis aseTi

swrafi ganviTareba safuZvels gvaZlevs davaskvnaT ,rom marTlac raRac zebunebrivi kav-

Siri arsebobs am orpirovnebas Soris. amasve amyarebs nerses naTqvami fraza: „marTlac Cven

erTmaneTs ar unda davSordeT, abo.“ (tatiSvili 1984:6). romanSi nerses saxe axali portretuli StrixebiT ivseba, rasac, Janris specifikidan

gamomdinare,moklebulia agiografiuli Txzulebis personaJi. rogorc revaz siraZe SeniS-

navs, „agiografiaSi gvaqvs xati da ara portreti, ufro sworad, xatis Strixebi“. aq gmiris

saxe iZerweba agiografiuli Sablonis mixedviT. (siraZe, 1987:3). samagierod, realistur romanSi mocemulia nerse erismTavris fsiqologiuri pirtre-

ti, misi gancdebi, emociebi, sisusteebi isic niSandoblivia, rom qarTlis erisTavis saxe Se-

fasebulia sxva personaJos, am SemTxvevaaSi abos poziciidan, rac Tanamedrove romanis er-

T-erTi maxasiaTebelia:.abos dangreulma metexma nerse moagona, sworedac rom taZars Sea-dara igi: „nerse iseTi iyo rogorc es taZari, misi dangreva SeiZleboda mospoba kia ara“. am

romanSi nersea mTavari figura da romanis siuJetic nerses irgvliv viTardeba. (tatiSvi-

li, 1984:275).

nodar wuleiskiris nawarmoebSi „Rvawli da wameba abosi da ioanesi“, nerses saxe odnav gansxvavebuladaa warmodgenili. erismTavari naklebad ebmeba polemikaSi da gulCaTxro-

bil pirovnebad gvevlineba. arabeTidan dabrunebuli, sikvdils saswaulebrivad gadarCeni-

li nerse karCaketil cxovrebas eweva. Tumca nawarmoebSi gaokveTilia is Tvisebebi erisTa-

visa, romlebic savsebiT Seesabameba mis istoriul rols. avtori nerses TavisuflebisaT-vis ,adamianuri RirsebisaTvis mebrZol gmirad gvixatavs. romanSi xazgasmulia isic ,rom

nerse aboze gansakuTrebul imeds amyarebs. erismTavris azriT, am Wabukma mniSvnelovani

moraluri dartyma unda miayenos arabebs, razec, faqtiurad damokidebulia qarTlis moma-

vali bedi.

am TvalsazrisiT gansxvavebul suraTs vawydebiT postmodernistul romanSi „Rvino-muqi zRva“ . rogorc viciT, postmodernizmis erT-erTi ZiriTadi maxasiaTebelia. teqstis

an movlenis Tavisufali interpretacia.interpretaciis Tavisufleba, da, amave dros, misi

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba TavisTavad Sedegia imisa, rom am epoqaSi aRar arsebobs bso-


99

lituri WeSmaritebis, universaluri ideis an erTiani sistemis gageba da, Sesabamisad, maT-dami erTgulebis aucilebloba. SuasaukuneebSi zogad movlenaTa Tu literaturul teq-

stTa gaazreba xdeboda RvTisadmi, absolutisadmi mimarTebiT. amdenad, interpretacia, am

cnebis postmodernuli gagebiT, anu movlenaTa gaazeba individualuri poziciis Tanaxmad,

mizezobrivi safuZvlebis individaluri SerCeviT, faqtobrivad daushvebeli iyo da eresis safrTxemde midioda. azrobrivi moRvaweobis mizani am SemTxvevaSi iyo ara TiToeuli mov-

lenisaTvis sakuTari mizezis, sakuTari sarsebo sivrcis moZieba,aramed maTi aRqma RvTiu-

ri Canafiqris safuZvelze, Sesabamisad RvTiuri WeSmaritebis ideasTan da erTian sarwmu-

noebriv sivrceSi maTi adgilis moZebna. postmodernistuli interpretacia ki aris swored is, rac amgvari erTianobis darRve-

vis Sedegad SeiZleba miviRoT,magram niSandoblivia, rom am SemTxvevaSic postmodernizmis

procesic modernizmSi iRebs saTaves, ramdenadac swored am epoqaSi moxda erTiani sarwmu-

noebriv -msoflmxedvelobrivi sivrcis daSla, individis mowyveta am sivrcisgan, individu-aluri poziciis dapirispireba zogad, tradiciul poziciasTan da subieqturi WeSmarite-

bis prioritetis aRiareba obieqturi WeSmaritebis yavlgasul ideasTan mimarTebaSi.(sjani

2005:23).

Sesabamisad, zurab qarumiZis romanSi postmodrnizmisTvis damaxasiaTebeli specifi-kiTaa gadmocemuli mTavari saTqmeli. CarCoebSia moqceuli istoriuli da agiografiuli

Txzulebis personaJi, ris Sedegadac viRebT nerses sruliad gansxvavebul saxes. avtorma

„gadmobrunebuli“ gamosaxulebis misaRebad Tavisebur xerxs mimarTa-erisTavis pirovneba

ara istoriul rakursSi, aramed arabebis poziciidan dagvanaxa. Sesabamisad, keTilSobili,

guladi, didbunebovani adamianis nacvlad miviReT mrisxane, eSmaki da cbieri personaJi, moRalatec ki. „qristes mimdevarT Ralati sCveviaT da orguloba ar SeiSvena nerse batrik-

ma gulmowyaleba xalifa mahdis“. (qarumiZe 2000:213).

bunebrivia gansxvavebuli interpretacia eZleva abos qarTlSi Camosvlasac. „yrma iyo

Wabuki 17 wlisa da SaTanic imitom SeuCnda da Seacdina... nerse batriksa wamoyva jurzaanis qalaq TiflisSi“ (qaumiZe 2000: 212).

rogorc vxedavT, agiografiuli personaJi Tanamedrove romanSi Taviseburi interpre-

taciiT warmogvidgeba:

1) is iZens xasiaTis niuansebs, agiografiuli SabloniT daSvebuli ar aris, Sesabamisad, aq daxatulia misi Sinagani samyaro grZnobebi, gancdebi.

2) agiografiul TxzulebebSi nerse meorexarisxovani personaJia. realistur romaneb-

Si ki erT-erTi mTavar figurad warmogvidgeba Sesabamisad, misi xasiaTis gaxsna xorciel-

deba sxva personaJebTan dialogis, polemikis elementebis gamoyenebiT. 3) postmodernistuli romani, Janris specifikidan gamomdinare, gvTavazobs nerses

sruliad sawinaaRmdego saxes, mis „amobrunebul“ gamosaxulebas. am SemTxvevaSi istoriz-

mis principi ugulebelyofili ar aris, Tumca ki es mosalodneli iyo am tipis romanisTvis-

.ubralod, qarTlis erisTavis saxecvlili portretis Sesaqmnelad gamoyenebulia sxva xedvis kuTxe, gansxvavebuli rakursi-ara is, Tu ra iyo nerse.


1. elaSvili q. sityviT Troba. Tbilisi: bakmi 2009

2. siraZe r. qarTuli agiografia.Tbilisi: 1987

3. tatiSvili v. abo Tbileli. Tbilisi: merani 1984.

4. qarumiZe z. Rvinomuqi zRva. Tbilisi : azri 2000.


100

5. Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli Zeglebi. Tbilisi :1987. 6. wifuria b. interpretaciis Tavisuflebidan TamaSis uflebamde. Tbilisi: sjani 2005.

7. wuleiskiri n. Rvawli da wameba abosi da iovanesi. Tbilisi: merani 1981. 8. WeliZe v. qarTlis cxovrebis qronikebi. Tbilisi 1997.

9. javaxiSvili i. Txzulebani. t.VIII . Tbilisi: mecniereba, 1977. 10. javaxiSvili i. Txzulebani. t.II . Tbilisi: mecniereba, 1983.

hhumanitaruli mecnierebani, skandinavistika

101

humanitaruli mecnierebani, skandinavistika

nino maTeSvili, mariam RambaSiZe ivane javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, bakalavriati

norvegiis samefo: socialur-ekonomikuri daxasiaTeba

xelmZRvaneli: prof. kaxaber loria

1. ratom es qveyana?

vidre qveynis daxasiaTebaze gadavidodeT, socialur-ekonomikuri kriteriumebis mi-xedviT, gvinda oriod sityviT mogaxsenoT imis Sesaxeb, Tu ram ganapiroba Cveni arCevani.

erTis mxriv Cveni yuradReba miiqcia im faqtma, rom norvegia aris mravalmxrivad gan-

viTarebuli, mowinave evropuli saxelmwifo, romelic samagaliToa yvela danarCenisTvis.

amas naTlad qvemoT mocemul daxasiaTebaSic vixilavT.

meores mxriv Cveni arCevani ganpirobebulia imiT, rom vswavlobT norvegiul enas da gvaqvs norvegiel xalxTan urTierTobis bedniereba, rac gviormagebs interess am qveynis mimarT.

vfiqrobT, Temaze muSaobis procesSi bevr, rogorc CvenTvis, ise TqvenTvis saintereso

faqts aRmovaCenT norvegiis samefos Sesaxeb.

2. qveynis zogadi daxasiaTeba (qveynis saxelwodeba, farTobi, saxelmwifo wyoba, teri-toriuli organizacia)

novegia, oficialurad norvegiis samefo, mdebareobs CrdiloeT evropaSi, skandinaviis naxevarkunZulis dasavleT nawilSi. misi dedaqalaqia oslo. es ukanaskneli, qveynis sam-

xreT nawilSi mdebareobs da warmoadgens norvegiis udides qalaqs.

qveynis farTobia 385 252 kv.km.

norvegia teritoriul-administraciuli mowyobis mixedviT unitarulia da iyofa 19 msxvil administraciul olqad. Tavis mxriv, es 19 olqi iyofa 430 municiplitetad. olqebs

xelmZRvaneloben mTavrobis mier arCeuli mmarTvelebi d gubernatorebi, xolo municipa-

litetebs d merebi. norvegiaSi aris 96 dasaxleba, romelsac qalaqis statusi gaaCnia. ume-

tes SemTxvevaSi, qalaqebis sazRvrebi emTxveva Sesabamisi municiplitetis sazRvrebs. norvegiis teritoriul-administraciuli dayofa:

droSa gerbi


102

ISO-kodi

olqi

administraciuli centri

yvelaze mWidrod dasaxlebuli

municipaliteti

01 stfoldi sarpsburgi fredrikstadi

02 kerhusi slo barumi

03 slo qalaqi oslo slo

04 edmarki amari rinsakeri

05 plani lilehameri ieviki

06 uskerudi rameni drameni

07 Vestfoldi Tionsbergi sanefiori

08 Telemarki Sieni Sieni

09 ausT-agderi rendali arendali

10 vest-agderi kristiansani kristiansani

11 Rugalandi stavangeri stavangeri

12 ordalandi ergeni bergeni

13 Son-o-fiurane laikangeri fiorde

14 iore-o-rumsdali olde olesuni

15 sur-Trondelagi Trondhaimi Trondhaimi

16 nur-Trondelagi Steinheri steinheri

17 urlani udie udie

18 Tromsi Tromso Tromso

19 inmarki Vadso Vadso

wyaro: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway#Administrative–divisions

norvegia mmarTvelobis formis mixedviT saparlamento konstituciuri monarqiaa. sa-

xelmwifos meTauria mefe d harald V (R V, 1991-dan), mTavrobis meTauri ki premier minis-

tri d iens stoltenbergi (Jens Stoltenberg 2005-dan). sakanonmdeblo organoa sTurTingi d igive parlamenti. sTurTingi Sedgeba ori pala-

tisagan d laTingi (45 wevri) da odels-Tingi (124 wevri).

3. qveynis mdebareoba norvegia skandinaviis naxevarkunZelze mdebareobs. mas ukavia naxevarkunZulis dasav-

leTi nawili da arqtikuli arqipelagi - Spicbergeni. norvegia moicavs uamrav kunZulsa da

fiords - mcire zomis yureebiT Rrmad dakbiluli sazRvao sanapiro. fiordebi zRvis tal-

Rebisgan dacul bunebriv navmisadgomebs qmnian. qveynis umaRlesi mwvervalia d galhopin-geni (2 496 m.). qveyana gadaWimulia 25000 da 83000 kilometrze. norvegias aqvs 1629 km sig-

rZis saxmeleTo sazRvari SvedeTTan, 727 km d fineTTan da 196 km sazRvari aRmosavleTiT -

ruseTTan. CrdiloeTiT, dasavleTiT da samxreTiT akravs barencis, norvegiisa da Crdi-

loeTis zRvebi; agreTve skagerakis srute. norvegia arqtikul wreSi mdebareobs, ris gamoc misTvis damaxasiaTebelia mkacri

klimati.

4. qveynis bunebriv-resursuli potencialis sameurneo Sefaseba

norvegia mdidaria sxvadasxva saxis bunebrivi resursiT

ofSoruli hidrokarbonatebis bunebrivi sabadoebi aRmoaCines 1960 wels, xolo misi Semdgomi gamoyeneba-ganviTareba daiwyes 1970-ian wlebSi. produqciis zrda SeiniSna 90-ian

wlebSi. am periodSi navTobis seqtori gafarTovda da gaxda umniSvnelovanesi, strategiu-

li, nedleuli qveynisTvis. amJamad, mopovebuli navTobis moculoba daaxloebiT 2,6 mln ba-


103

relia dReSi. 2010 wlis monacamebiT, norvegia iyo msoflioSi rigiT me-7 udidesi navTobeq-sportiori qveyana, xolo dRes me-5 adgils ikavebs. 2010 wels qveynis Semosavlis 26% nav-

Tobze modioda. aRsaniSnavia, rom norvegiaSi, navTobis industriaSi Cabmulia 40 000 adami-

ani mopovebiT samuSaoebze, xolo 25 000 adamiani d navTobTan dakavSirebul sxva saqmiano-

baSi. navTobis warmoebam piks 2000 wels miaRwia, Tumca iyo saSiSroeba, rom es tendencia didxans ar SenarCundeboda. samecniero-teqnologiurma progresma, mopovebis inovaciuri

teqnologiebis gamoyenebam gaafarTova mopovebis areali da 2011 wels navTobisa da gazis

didi nawili moipoveboda norvegiis kontinentur Selfze. sanavTobo fondebi emsaxureba

qveynis ganviTarebasa da stabiluri cxovrebis xelSewyobas. norvegia flobs kidev erT mniSvnelovan bunebriv resurss d gazs. misi warmoeba bolo

ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi swrafad gaizarda axali sabadoebis aRmoCenisa da navTobis

Semcirebis gamo. gazis eqsportis mixedviT, norvegia msoflioSi me-3 adgilzea, kanadisa da

ruseTis Semdeg. qveyana dasavleT evropaSi moipovebs yvelaze met gazisa da navTobis ned-leuls. misi gazisa da navTobis eqsporti erTad saerTo eqsportis 47%-s Seadgens.

norvegia mdidaria rkinis sabadoebiT, spilenZiT, tyviiT, TuTiiT, piritiT, titaniT,

nikeliTa da mosapirkeTebeli masaliT. aseve mdidaria wylis resursebiT, rac qmnis damate-

biT nedleuls d Tevzs. Tevzis rewva sanapiro zolSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis Semosavlis ZiriTadi wyaroa. Tevzis eqsportiT miRebuli mogeba TiTqmis 30 mlrd krons Seadgens.

norvegia mdidaria tyisa da Sida wylis resursebiTac. qveynis mTis mdinareebi mZlavr

hidroresursebs qmnian. miRebuli energia TiTqmis 100%-iT akmayofilebs qveynis mosaxle-

obis moTxovnilebas da amasTan erTad eqsportis saSualebasac iZleva.

5. qveynis mosaxloba da meurneobis geografiuli suraTi norvegiis mosaxleoba 4 707 270 adamiania, romelTa 94,4% norvegielebi da samis warmo-

madgenelni arian (daaxl. 60 000 kaci). samebi CrdiloeT norvegiis, SvedeTisa da fineTis

mkvidr mosaxleobas warmoadgenen. danarCeni mosaxleobis 2,3% evropis sxva qveynebis war-

momadgenlebi arian. qveynis oficialuri enaa buqmoli da ni-orSki, 6 municipalitetSi ki saubroben samis enaze. mosaxleobis 85,7% evangelist-luTernebi arian, muslimebi d 1,8%.

norvegiaSi mosaxleobis saSualo asakia 40 weli, xolo sicocxlis xangrZlivoba 80,3

welia. mosaxleobis sqesobrivi struqtura Semdegnairia d 100 qalze modis 98 kaci.

norvegiis mosaxleobis dinamikis ganxilvisas yuradReba unda gavamaxviloT rogorc bunebriv ise meqanikur (migracia) moZraobaze. bunebrivi moZraobis komponentebi Sobadoba

— 10,8 promiles (yovel 1000 kacze gaangariSebiT) da sikvdilianoba - 9,22 promiles Sead-

gens. aqedan gamomdinare, bunebrivi mateba dabalia d 1,2%. norvegia maRal ganviTarebuli

qveyanaa, Sesabamisad demografiuli gadasvlis me-4 etapze imyofeba. swored amas mowmobs qveyanaSi sicocxlis maRali xangrZlivoba da bunebrivi matebis dabali done, rac ganpiro-

bebulia imiT, rom norvegiaSi kargad aris jandacvis sfero ganviTarebuli, moqmedebs oja-

xis dagegmvis instituti, xSiria gviani qorwinebebi, didia qalis roli sazogadoebrivi saq-

mianobis mraval sferoSi. rac Seexeba migracias, misi komponentebia emigracia da imigracia. dRes norvegiel

emigrantTa raodenoba 4,7 mln-ia, romelTa didi nawili cxovrobs aSS-Si. imigraciis mxriv

norvegia didi raodenobis migrantTa samSoblo gaxda. rac Seexeba imigracias, aRsaniSnavia,

rom 2007 wels 62 100 emigranti Semovida norvegiaSi, rac 2006 welTan SedarebiT 35%-iT mo-

matebuli iyo. statistikuri monacemebiT bolo wlebSi norvegiaSi dabadebuli bavSvebis saerTo raodenobis 27% imigrantebze modis. imigrantebi ZiriTadad arian polonelebi,

germanelebi, Svedebi, erayelebi, pakistanelebi, rusebi.


104

mosaxleobis didi nawili samxreTnawilSi cxovrobs, rac ganpirobebulia qveynis bu-nebriv-geografiuli pirobebiT - mTagoriani reliefiTa da mkacri klimatiT. aqedan gamom-

dinare, norvegia dabali simWidroviT xasiaTdeba d 12,5 kaci 1 kv. km-ze.

norvegias sakmaod mravalferovani meurneobis dargobrivi struqtura aqvs. sasoflo

sameurneo produqtebidan norvegia awarmoebs: qers, xorbals, kartofils da sxva. qveyana-Si ganviTarebulia rogorc sarZeve ise saxorce mecxoveleoba.

norvegiis SromiTi resursi 2. 645 milioni adamians Seadgens. umuSevrobis maCvenebeli

3.1 %-ia. maTgan 19-24 wlis umuSevari axalgazrdebis ricxvi daaxloebiT 9%-ia.

mosaxleobis dasaqmeba seqtorebis mixedviT Semdegnairia:

• soflis meurneoba d 2.9 %

• mrewveloba d 21.1 %

• momsaxurebis sfero — 76 % soflis meurneobis dabali xvedriTi wili qveynis sameurneo struqturaSi ganpirobe-

bulia rTuli klimaturi da sxva bunebriv-geografiuli pirobebiT. norvegiis teritoriis

2/3 tundras, kldeebsa da TovliT dafarul miwebs ukavia. amis gamo, miwis mxlod 3%-ia da-muSavebuli qveynis samxreT-aRmosavleT nawilSi, isic mdinaris auzebSi.

mrewvelobas dargebidan norvegias ganviTarebuli aqvs: navTobisa da gazis warmoeba,

kvebis, qaRaldis, msubuqi da qimiuri mrewveloba, gemTmSenebloba, xe-tyis gadamuSaveba da

mopovebiTi mrewveloba.

rogorc vxedavT, momsaxurebis sferoSi dasaqmebulia mosaxleobis yvelaze didi nawi-li, rac axasiaTebs maRalganviTarebul qveynebs. qveynis ekonomikaSi mniSvnelovani adgili

uWiravs turizms. norvegia Zalian mimzidveli qveyanaa, gamoirCeva mravalferovani lan-

dSaftebis monacvleobiT.

norvegiismSp 278.1 mlrd $ (msoflioSi 47-e adgilze), erT sul mosaxleze gaangariSe-biT ki 55.300 $ (msoflioSi 9-e adgili). aRniSnuli monacemebi wlidan-wlamde mzardia.

eqsportidan Semosuli Tanxaa d 162.7 mlrd $ (31-e adgilze msoflioSi). norvegiis sa-

eqsporto nawarmis ZiriTadi mimRebi qveynebi arian: didi britaneTi d 27.2 %, holandia d

11.5 %, germania d 11.1 %, safrangeTi — 7.1 %, SvedeTi 6.5 %, aSS d 5.6 % norvegiaSi importirebuli saqonlis ZiriTadi nawili ki Semdegi qveynebidan modis:

SvedeTi d 13.3 %, germania -12 %, CineTi d 9%, dania d 6.3 %, didi britaneTi d 5.4 %, holan-

dia d 4.1 %

norvegiam SeZlo Seeqmna Zlieri ekonomikuri sistema, romelic samagaliToa sxva qvey-nebisTvis.

6. qveynis Tanamedrove geopolitikuri mdebareoba da moikle istoriuli cnobebi norvegias geopolitikuri mdebareobis mixedviT, xelsayreli pozicia uWiravs msof-

lios fizikur rukaze. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, igi sami mxridan wyliTaa garSemortymuli,

rac farTo gzas uxsnis msoflio okeaneSi. amis gamo, norvegiaSi kargad iyo da aris ganviTa-rebuli zRvaosnoba. yovelive zemoT aRniSnuli ki ganapirobebs mis savaWro-ekonomikur

kavSirebs sxvadasxva kontinentTan.

qveynis mdbareoba istoriis manZilze mravaljer Seicvala. 1521 wels “kalmaris kavSi-

ris” daSlis Semdeg, sadac gaerTianebuli iyo norvegia, dania da SvedeTi, norvegia rCebo-da daniis mmarTvelobis qveS, romelic daiwyo 1380 wels da grZeldeboda 436 wlis ganmav-

lobaSi. mas Semdeg, norvegiisTvis morigi moCilebis xangrZlivi xana iyo 1814-1905 wlebi,

roca is SvedeTis mokavSire qveyana iyo. orive SemTxvevaSi, misi suvereniteti izRudeboda

yvela sakiTxSi, es iyo politikuri Tu ekonomikuri urTierTobebi da sxva. 1905 wlis ivnis-Si, 586 wliani vasalobis Semdeg, saxelmwifom moaxerxa damoukideblobis mopoveba. am peri-


105

odidan, qveynis istoriaSi iwyeba uwyveti aRmavlobias xana, rac Seexo rogorc politikur, ise ekonomikur sferoebs. qveyanam SeZlo, Seeqmna mZlavri ekonomika da gamxdariyo wamyvani

saxelmwifo.

7. qveynis satransporto sakomunikacio sistemebi mosaxleobis dabali simWidrovisa da qveynis wagrZelebuli da viwro formis gamo nor-

vegiis sazogadoebrivi transporti Taviseburi ganawilebiT xasiaTdeba. norvegiaSi sazR-

vao transporti uZvelesi droidan iyo ganviTarebuli da dResac asea. bolo periodSi,

qveynis xelisufleba, didi raodenobiT Tanxebs debs sarkinigzo, sahaero da sagzao tran-

sportis infrastruqturis ganviTarebaSi. transportis seqtoris wili mTliani Sida pro-duqtis 4,1%-s Seadgens da am sferoSi dasaqmebulia mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 7%.

norvegiis sagzao qselis sigrZe daaxloebiT 92 946 km-ia. aqedan 72 033 km mokirwyluli,

664 km ki saavtomobilo avtomgistralebia. sagzao transporti sakmaod mniSvnelovan rols

TamaSobs norvegiis satransporto sistemaSi. norvegia sagzao transportiT ukavSirdeba SvedeTs, fineTs da danias.

norvegiis sarkinigzo sistema 4 114 km-s Seadgens, romlis 2 622 km eleqtroficirebu-

lia, 60 km d maRalsiCqariani, 242 km ki — ormagliandagiani. norvegia aris rkinigzis saerTa-

Sorio kavSiris wevri. qveyanas sarkinigzo kavSiri aqvs SvedeTTan, daniasTan, fineTTan, germaniasTan, ruseTTan. tramvais farTo qselia osloSi, trondhaimsa da bergenSi.

norvegiis ZiriTadi sarkinigzo kompaniebia: Cargoet, ector Rail da fotbanen. rac Seexeba sahaero transports, norvegiaSi 97 aeroportia. norvgiis mTavari da

centraluri aeroportia slo irport, ardenmo-en, romelic oslos CrdiloeTiT, 50 km-is

moSorebiT mdebareobs. qveyanaSi arsebobs 2 wamyvani kompania: Scandinavian Airlines System da Norwegian Air Shuttle. sahaero transportiT yovelwliurad milionobiT adamiani gada-

adgildeba. 2007 wels norvegiis aeroportebiT 41 089 675 adamiani gadaadgilda, maTgan

13 397 458 saerTaSoriso mgzavri iyo. sazRvao transporti norvegiaSi uZvelesi droidan iyo ganviTarebuli. skandinaviele-

bis winaprebs — vikingebs daxvewili da swrafi sazRvao xmaldebi hqondaT. swored, maT unda

umadlodes norvegieli xalxi, rom SeZles emogzauraT evropasa da Crd. amerikaSi.

norvegiaSi aseve ganviTarebulia milsadeni transporti. swored milsadeni transpor-tiT xdeba norvegiis kontinenturi Selfidan gazisa da navTobis transportireba norvegi-

asa da evropis sxva qveynebSi. milsadenis saerTo sigrZea 9 481 km.

rac Seexeba komunikaciis sistemebs, qveyanaSi arsebobs TiTqmis yvela saxis sakomunika-

cio saSualeba. bolo periodSi internetma centraluri adgili daikava. miuxedavad amisa, qveyanaSi mniSvnelobas ar kargavs mediis tradiciuli saSualebebi: Jurnal-gazeTebi, ra-

dio Tu televizia. saxelmwifo ekonomikur mxardaWeras uwevs gazeTebs. norvegiis yvelaze

cnobili gazeTebia: VG (vrens Gang), agbladet, ftenposten, orgen da a.S. R norvegiis sama-

uwyeblo korporaciaa, moicavs mraval radio da satelevizio arxebis. qveyanaSi kargad aris ganviTarebuli telekomunikaciebi da saerTaSoriso da saqalaqTaSorioso fosta.

bibliografia:

United nations department of economic end social affairs http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/panel– 2. population.htm 3. CIA World Factbook https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/no.html 4. http://www.nationmaster.com/index.php 5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway#Administrative–divisions


106

Tamar beriZe ivane javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, bakalavriati

eTnikuri umciresobebi norvegiaSi: Serwyma Tu Tanacxovreba


kacobriobis ganviTarebis kvaldakval msoflioSi asobiT eri Camoyalibda, romelTa-

gan zogierTma moaxerxa saxelmwifos Seqmna, zogma ki vera. cnobili aRmosavleTmcodne

bernard luisi eris cnebas gansazRvravs, rogorc: „ adamianTa jgufi, romelsac erTmaneT-

Tan akavSirebs saerTo ena da rwmena imisa, rom maT saziaro aqvT warmomavloba, istoria da bed-iRbali. es adamianebi Cveulibriv, magram ara aucileblad, gansaxlebuli arian uwyvet

teritoriaze; maT, an Tu ar aqvT, koleqtiurad iRwvian, raTa iqonion maTive saxelis mqone

suvereneli damoukidebloba’’. amgvari eTnikuri mikuTvnebulobidan gamomdinare, xalxi erT naciad ikvreba da Tu

isini sxva garemoSi, anu ara maT erovnuli saxelmwifos sazRvrebSi xvdebian qmnian eTnikur

jgufs, romelmac SesaZloa im konkretul qveyanaSi Sadginos an ar Seadginos eTnikuri um-

ciresoba . es imazea damokidebuli Tu maTi ricxvi sxva saxelmwifoSi ramdeni iqneba. ufro

konkretulad Tu ganvmartavT cnebas, eTnikuri umciresoba istoriulad Camoyalibebuli adamianTa mdgradi socialuri, sazogadoebrivi erTobaa, romelsac aqvs saerTo ena, adaT-

Cveulebebi, miTebi, kultura, rwmena.

Tumca isic unda aRiniSnos rom, eTnikuri umciresobebis danawileba sxva saxelmwifo-

ebSi mxolod politikuri erTeulis Seuqmnelobis gamo ar xdeba. SeiZleba sxvadasxva mize-

zi iyos maTi fesvebidan mowyvetisa. es SeiZleba iyos iZulebiTi, teritoriuli gadanawile-

bis Sedegad moxvdes mezobeli saxelmwifos SemadgenlobaSi. an nebayoflobiTi, rac ume-

teswilad kargi ekonomikuri pirobebis SeqmnisTvis xalxi mezobel an Soreul qveynebSi mi-dian, sadac sabolood saxldebian.

iseve rogorc bevr qveyanaSi arc norvegiaa gamonaklisi am TvalsazrisiT da iqac arse-

bobs eTnikuri umciresobebi. sul eqvsi eTnikuri umviresobaa warmodgenili. kerZod, ro-

manixalxi (romelsac TaTeresac eZaxian), roma (sigoenerebi anu boSebi), ebraelebi, kvenebi,

skugfinebi da samebi. Tumca norvegiaSi sxva uamravi eTnikuri warmomavlobis xalxi cxov-robs, magram isini ar qmnian umciresobas, radgan qveynis adgilobriv mosaxleobas meoTxe-

diTac ar utoldebian.

TiToeul am eTnoss garkveuli istoriuli warsuli aqvs, ramac ganapiroba maTi norve-

giul sazogadoebaSi damkvidreba . ase magaliTad, romani xalxi romlebic, moxetiale cxov-

rebas eweodnen da fesvebi indoeTidan aqvT, amJamad es xalxi msoflios uamrav qveyanaSia

dasaxlebuli, romlebic saukuneebia rac samSoblos mowydnen. varaudoben rom 10 milioni

romanixalxia msoflioSi, romelTa didi raodenoba ganfenilia balkaneTis naxevarkuZul-sa da yofil sabWoTa kavSiris teritoriaze, aseve isini saxloben evropaSi, samxreT da CrdiloeT amerikaSi, avstraliaSi, samxreT afrikaSi, zelandiaSi da CineTSi. romani xalxi iyofa sxvadasxva jgufebad da qvejgufebad. skandinaviaSi isini Sedgebian sintis/TaTere-

bisa da boSebisgan romlebic aseve romani xalxis jgufs miekuTvneba. zogadad norvegiaSi roman xalxs eZaxian imaT visac Zveli romis fesvebTan aqvs kavSiri maT aqvT saerTo kultu-

ra, ena, magram saubroben sxvadasxva dialeqtze. ase magaliTad norvegiel sintebsa da bo-

Sebs TavianTi TanamoZmeebisagan gansxvavebuli dialeqti aqvT. dResdReobiT maT saerTo


107

gaerTianebebi, organizaciebi aqvT Seqmnili, romliTac isini maTi xalxis erTobisTvis da interesebisTvis muSaoben. maT agreTve qvT droSa da simbolo urikas Tvali, borbali, ro-

melic maTi warsulis amsaxvelia .

rac Seexeba boSebs, isini evropeli xalxis jgufs miekuTvneba, kerzod CrdiloeT indo-

eTs.norvegiaSi isini saubroben romaul enaze, romelic axlosaa Tanamedrove induri ene-

bis indisa da urdusTan. boSebis kultura Zalian popularuli gaxda Tanamedrove period-Si, rac gamoixateba, maT popularul boSaTa simgerebiTa da jaziT. maTi yvelaze TvalsaCi-

no warmomadgenlebi arian jifsi kingi da hot qlab di norvege. maT norvegiaS boSaTa fes-

tivalic ki aqvT, romelic damkvidrda 1999 wlidan

rac SeexebaT ebraelebs, isini arian Zvel ebraelTa STamomavlebi, kerZod aSkenazi eb-

raelebi, romlebic 16 saukunidan 1814 wlamde saxldebodnen norvegiaSi, aseve seferadi eb-

raelebi, romlebic ZiriTadad 1814 wlidan norvegiaSi dasaxldnen da sakmao raodenobis

eTnikur umciresobas warmoadgenen. maT aqvT msoflioSi yvelaze gansxvavebuli religia,

romlis aRmsareblebic mxolod isini arian da ena‐ ebrauli, romelic miuxedavad maTi dana-

wilebisa msoflios TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi SeinarCunes Remde, mogexsenebaT maT 1948 wlam-

de saxelmwifo ar hqoniaT. Tavdapirvelad maT sinagoga aaSenes osloSi da cota mogviane-

biT trondheimSi. ebraelebi saxlobdnen agreTve, bergenSi kristiansundsa da dramenSi. na-

cizmis periodSi, norvegiidanac idevnebodnen ebraelebi, maT iWerdnen da asaxlebdnen.

dRes norvegiaSi 2000 ebraeli cxovrobs, mati umetesoba oslosa da trondheimSia gan-

saxlebuli. 1999 wlidan ebraelebi norvegiis mTavrobis mier oficialurad aRiara ro-

gorc, eTnikuri umciresoba. kvenebi arin fineli glexebi da meTevzeebi, romlebic fineTis CrdiloeTidan ScvedeT-

sa da CrdiloeT norvegiaSi gadmosaxldnen 18 da 19 saukuneSi. maT finuri kultura da ena

qavT. dRes maTi ricxvi norvegiaSi Seadgens 10000‐ 15000. maT eTnikuri umciresobis statusi

1988 wlidan mieniWaT.

kvenebi arin fineli glexebi da meTevzeebi, romlebic fineTis CrdiloeTidan ScvedeT-

sa da CrdiloeT norvegiaSi gadmosaxldnen 18 da 19 saukuneSi. maT finuri kultura da ena

qavT. dRes maTi ricxvi norvegiaSi Seadgens 10000‐ 15000. maT eTnikuri umciresobis statusi

1988 wlidan mieniWaT.

samebi 12 saukunis win dasaxldnen norvegiaSi isini finur-evropul ojaxTa jgufs mie-

kuTvneba. maT aqvT sakuTari ena ‐samuri, romelic samur- uralur enaTa jgufs miekuTvneba.

Zvelad isini meTevzeobasa da meirmeobas mizdevdnen da amis gamo xSirad icvlidnen ad-

gils, swored aman ganapiroba maTi dasaxleba norvegiaSi. isini yvelaze daumorCilebeli eTnikuri jgufi iyo vinaidan, moitxovdnen TavianT enas da damwerlobas wkolebSi, magram sawadels ver miaRwies. da dges ki Segegi is aqvT rom Tanamedrove Taobam ar icis samuri, ma-

Ti ena TandaTanobiT daviwyebas eZleva. Tumca maT aqvT TavianTi droSa da imasac miaRwies

rom helsinkis 15 samTa konferenciaze 1992 wlis 6 Tebervali samebis dRed gamoacxades .

maT aqvT aseve erovnuli tansacmeli, romelsac Crdilo samebi eZaxian gaftis xolo samxre-

teli samebi ki gaftoes. zemoT CamoTvlili TiToeuli eTnikuri umciresobis warmomadgeneli adgilobrivi

norvegielebisgan Zalian gansxvavdebian da cdiloben SeinarCunon da ar dakargon eTniku-

ri identoba. amas mkacrad icaven da norvegiul sazogadoebaSi ar asimilirdebian. norvegi-

is mTavrobisgan isini daculebi, rac gaTvaliswinebulia saerTaSoriso samarTlis norme-biT. TviTon norvegiuli sazogadoebac yvelaze Semwynarebelia da ar xdeba maT Soris Sexla da dapirispireba.


108

mzia popova, mixeil xalibegaSvili ivane javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, bakalavriati

kulturaTaSorisi konfliqtebi norvegiaSi


dRes msoflio globalizaciis talRam moicva. globalizacias rogorc bevri dadebi-

Ti, aseve bevri uaryofiTi mxarec aqvs. mis erTderT uaryofiT gamovlinebad kulturaTa-

Sorisi konfliqtebi SeiZleba CaiTvalos. aRniSnuli konfliqtebi rogorc nacionalur aseve internacionalur donezec vlindeba.

norvegia erT erTi is qveyanaa, sadac mwvaved dgas kulturaTaSorisi dapirispirebis sakiTxi. norvegia 1960 wlamde mkveTrad homogenuri mosaxleobiT gamoirCeoda. mas Semdeg, rac 60 ian wlebSi qveyanam daiwyo navTobis warmoeba, neldnela gaZlierda qveynis ekonomi-

ka da norvegia mimzidveli adgili gaxda samuSaos maZiebeli emigrantebisTvis. am dros aqtiurad daiwyo msoflios sxvadasxva nawilidan emigrantebis Sedineba norve-

giaSi. isini, adgilobrivi muSaxelis simciris gamo advilad iwyebdnen muSaobas da xSir Sem-

TxvevaSi TavianT ojaxebTan erTad samudamod mkvidrdebodnen norvegiaSi. am procesma piks gasuli saukunis 90 ian wlebSi miRwia, maSin, roca qveyanaSi 100 000-mde emigranti Cavida.

dRevandeli mdgomareobiT norvegiaSi 4 milioni mosaxleobidan 400 000 mde ucxo qveynidan Camosuli mcxovrebia. maTgan ZiriTad umravlesobas pakistanelebi, Turqebi, iranelebi da indoelebi warmoadgenen.

norvegiaSi ZiriTadad sami saxis kulturuli kionfliqti gvxvdeba 1) ulturkonflikter mellom innvandrere og nordmenn.(e.w Camosulebsa da mkvidr norvegielebs Soris) 2) Kulturkonflikter mellom invandrerungdom og foreldre generasjonen (e.w. TaobaTaSorisi kulturuli

konfliqti) 3) Kulturkonflikter mellom de ulike kulturere gruppe innenfor innvandrerbefolkningen. (konfliqtebi

TviT eTnikuri umciresobis sxvadasxva jgufebs Soris) aRniSnuli konfliqtebi metad Tu naklebad norvegiis mTels sazogadoebaSi iCens

Tavs. iqneba es samuSao sfero, ganaTleba Tu sxva mniSvnelovan institutebi.

ganaTleba

ikSeparate but equalkk ernest og jonsonis mixedviT, (norvegieli kritikosi, profesori, publicisti) nor-

vegiis politika ganaTlebasTan mimarTebaSi araerTgvarovani da zedmetad biurokratiu-

lia. igi Tavis naSromSi saubrobs im problemebze, rac aqtualuria Tanamedrove norvegi-ul ganaTlebis sistemaSi.

norvegiis mTavroba kulturuli konfliqtebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT axdens e.w. ik-

Camosulebiskk separacias . rac gamoixateba imaSi, rom aramkvidr norvegielebs uwevT mkvidr norvegielTagan gancalkevebiT swavla. Tumca meores mxriv aseTi midgoma arTu-lebs maT integracias sazogadoebaSi.

am sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi mkvidri norvegielebi arc Tu ise loialurebi arian. xSir SemTxvevaSi eTnikur umciresobaTa axalgazrda Taobebi xdebian Cagvrisa da diskriminaci-

is msxverplni. aRniSnul naSromSi moyvanilia msgavsi Cagvrisa da diskriminaciis ramodeni-me magaliTi. naSromSi vkiTxulobT

Some pupils from Norway do not want to use the class-room that my class has because "it smells funny.."


109

(norvegieli moswavleebs xSirad ar surT Sesvla im saklaso oTaxSi, romliTac Cemi moswavleebi sargebloben, imitom, rom ik sasacilo suni dgas~)

garda rasistuli diskriminaciisa jonsoni saubrobs seqsistur diskriminaciaTa gamovlinebebzec norvegiul saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi.

mizezebi da religia

religiuri TviTgamorkveva Zalian mniSvnelovani sakiTxia da pirdapir ukavSirdeba eTnikur da kulturul warmomavlobas. es sakiTxi miT ufro mtkivneulia norvegiaSi mcxovrebi muslimebis axalgazrda TaobebisTvis.

didi umravlesoba norvegiaSi luTeranuli eklesiis warmomadgenelia, Tumca maTgan mxolod 20 % aris eklesiis aqtiuri wevri.

mogexsenebaT ikCamosulTakk umravlesoba aris muslimi. maTi religiis fundamenturi principebidan gamomdinare isini Znelad integrirdebian sxva aRmsareblobis sazogadoeba-

Si. amitomac uWirT adaptacia da zogadad problemur fons qmnian qveyanaSi. miuxedavad amisa maTi nawili axerxebs integrirebas. muslimanebs SevxvdebiT TiTqmis

yvela politikur partiaSi, da aseve mravlad arian dRevandel moqmed parlamentSi. Tumca es integracia calmxriv xasiaTs atarebs, isini integraciis procesSi ara Tu ar

Tmoben Tavian religiis fundamentur principebs, aramed mkacrad icaven mas da cdiloben adgilobrivi sazogadoeba sakuTar principebs moargon. amis naTel magaliTad SeiZleba CaiTvalos is faqti, rom 2008 wlisTvis 1000 mde norvegieli gaxda muslimi, ZiriTadad qorwinebis Sedegad.

muslimTa aseTma gaaqtiurebam norvegiaSi logikuria anti islamuri propagandis war-

moSoba ganapiroba. mkvidri norvegielebi sakuTari kulturuli Rirebulebebis gaqrobis safrTxis winaSe dadgnen.

2011 wlis piter breivikis mier ganxorcielebuli cnobili teraqtis mizezadac swo-red qveyanaSi gamZafrebuli nacionalisturi frTis gaaqtiureba SeiZleba CaiTvalos.

breivikis ambebamde ramdenime kviriT adre (Christian broadcasting news) niusi Cavida norve-

giaSi, raTa gamoeZia da gadaemowmebina mosazreba, rom miuxedavad erovnuli da mTavrobis mcdelobebisa multikulturalizmma ver gaamarTla, muslimi radikalistebis ricxvi iz-

rdeba da isini aramuslimebis mimarT aSkara Zaladobasa da diskriminacias gamoxataven.

politika da multikulturalizmi

norvegiis mTavroba SeiZleba iTqvas xels uwyobs multikulturuli sazogadoebis Ca-

moyalibebas. es gamoixateba Tundac televiziebis, zogadad mediis waxalisebiT, rac SeiZ-

leba farTod gaaSuqon umciresobaTa problemebi. aseve norvegiaSi ramdenime radio da te-

levizia mauwyeblobs umciresobaTa enebze. gasul wlis 17 maiss norvegiis konstituciisadmi miZRvniel erovnul dResaswaulze

norvegiulTan erTad, sxva, norvegiaSi mcxovreb xalxTa droSebic iqna gamoyenebuli. amis Sesaxeb parlamentSi didi kamaTi iyo, Tumca dava sabolood eTnikur umciresobaTa sasar-

geblod gadawyda.

Sefaseba

skandindavieli kritikosebi acxadeben, rom kulturaTa Rirebulebebis Sejaxeba amci-rebs Tavisuflebis xarisxs, gansakuTrebiT eTnikur umciresobaTa mimarT. erT erTi nor-

vegieli kritikosi Tomas erikseni gamoTqvams mosazrebas, rom multikulturulma ideo-

logiam SeiZleba sazogadoeba aparteidisa da nihilizmisaken waiyvanos.


110

erikseni, iZiebs ra kulturaTaSorisi konfliqtebis mogvarebis gzebs, ambobs, rom mo-raluri da politikuri dilema multikulturuli sazogadoebisa SeiZleba ase Camovaya-

liboT: erTis mxriv liberalur demokratiuli sazogadoebis yvela wevrs aqvs ufleba hqondes erTi da igive SesaZleblobebi da uflebebi, meores mxriv ki maT aseve aqvT ufleba iyvnen gansxvavebulebi da emorCilebodnen sakuTar kanonebs.

norvegiaSi sakiTxi kulturaTa Soris urTierTobebis daregulirebis Sesaxeb kvlavac sakamaToa. jerjerobiT norvegiuli sazogadoebis Rirebulebebi emigrantTa mozRvavebis fonze, isev safrTxeSia.

gamoyenebuli literatura: 1. Ernest vge johnson ik cultural konflikts in Norwegian klassroomskk 2. Avissen ikaftenpostenkk 3. Tomas eriksenis : ik ideologiaTa krebulikk 4. norvegiis statistikis departamentis vebdgverdi. 5. nina ostini ik religiur umciresobaTa diskriminacia evropaSikk


111

Tekla rurua ivane javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, bakalavriati

norvegiuli folkloruli musika

xelmZRvaneli: Tamar kviJinaZe

norvegia aris qveyana, romelic mdidaria Tavisi folkloruli musikaluri tradicie-

biT. roca vlaparakobT folklorul musikaze zogadad vgulisxmobT tradiciul anoni-

mur musikas soflidan, musika romelic gadaurCa droTa cvlilebas da jer kidev cocxali-

a, Tumca arasodes yofila Cawerili. XX saukunis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda folkloru-li musikis saxels. Zogadad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am terminis mniSvneloba TandaTanobiT g

afarTovda. olkloruli musika mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli garkveul musikalur instru-

mentebTan.

instrumentaluri musika norvegiuli folkloruli musika SeiZleba daiyos or kategoriad: instrumentalurad

da vokalurad. Rogorc wesi instrumentaluri folkloruli musika sacekvao musikaa

(slåttar) norvegiuli folkloruli cekvebs Cveulebriv wyvilebi asruleben, magram aris so-lo cekvebic. Cekvis melodiebi 2 tipad iyofa ordartymian da sam dartymian ckvebad.

tradiciuli cekvebi ZiriTadad ukavSirdeba mniSvnelovan RonisZiebebs rogoricaa:

qorwili, saSobao wveulebebi da sxv. tradiciuli cekvebi rogorica valsi, tango da a.S

romelic sruldeba akordeonze (garmoni) dakvriT, ar iTvleba folklorul musikad, Tum-ca is Zalze popularulia. Igive SeiZleba iTqvas amerikul qanTris musikis norvegiul vari-

antze. folkloruli instrumentebi yvelaze mniSvnelovani folkloruli musikaluri instrumenti aris tradiciuli nor-

vegiuli violino (hardingfele). Violin Seiqmna 1700dian wlebSi da gansxvavdeba Cveuleb-

rivi violinosagan bevr aspeqtSi. velaze mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba ki isaa, rom aqvs simpa-

tikuri simebi naklebaddaxuWuWebuli xidi da grifi. m violinoze dakvrisas umetesad mxo-

lod 2 sims ukravaven da qmnian monotonur stils. sxva folkloruli instrumentebi romlebic gavrcelebulni arian norvegiaSi aris

norvegiuli cimbali, winili (langeleik), sxvadasxva salamurebi da ebrauli arfa.

vokaluritradiciebi epikuri folkloruli simRerebi norvegiis folkloruli musikis erT-erTi mniSvne-

lovani formaa. miuxedavad imisa, rom epikuri folkloruli simRerebis mravali tipi arse-

bobs, yvelaze damaintrigebelia Suasaukuneebis baladebi. m simReris teqstebi exeba im pe-

riodis istoriebs, zRaprebs, imdroindeli elitis cxovrebas, raindebs da qaliSvilebs. ba-ladebis nawili aRwers istoriul movlenebs, romelic xSirad dramatuli da tragikulia.

norvegiuli epikuri simReris teqstebs aseve kavSiri aqvT germanul, inglisur da Sot-

landiur baladebTan. Tumca zRaprebis motivi da goblinebi, goliaTebi ufro xSirad

gvxvdeba skandinaviis folklorul simRerebSi vidre inglisurSi.

iavnana (bånsull) folkloruli simReris erT-erTi saxea, romelic farTodaa gavrcele-

buli norvegiaSi. Zalian bevri norvegiuli iavnana arsebobs, Cveulebriv isini imRereba

martiv melodiebze. norvegiaSi arsebobs sxvadasxva tipis samuSao simRerebi, aseve dasaZa-xebeli da signalismimcemi simRerebi. didari folkloruli melodiis tradicia aqvs pro-


112

testantul sagalobels, is iqamde ganviTarda, sanam orRani gamoCnda eklesiaSi. es melodi-ebi Zalian lamazia da bevri maTgani Seitanes kidec Tanamedrove sagaloblebis wignebSi.

samis musika

samis xalxs aqvT sakuTari vokalur-folkloruli musika ioiki, esaa monotonuri sim-

Rera. isini dasakrav instrumentad “Samanis dols” (runebomme) iyeneben. Ioiki ar aris epiku-ri formis, e.i. is ar mogviTxrobs istorias. nacvlad amisa, is aRwers pirovnebas an movle-

nas TiTo sityviT an mokled winadadebebiT. es onomatopeuri da simboluria.

axali mimdinareobebi

folkloruli musika Zalian popularulia norvegiaSi. Interesi folkloruli musiki-sadmiizrdeba, da ramodenimeimedis momcemiaxalgazda Semsruleblic gamoCnda. olo ram-

denime aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi (folkloruli srokis trendis Semdeg). folklorulma

musikosebma didi interesi gamoamJRavnes eqsperimentebSi. gamoCnda axali Taoba, romelic

gamoxatavs pativiscemas Zveli tradiciebisadmi da aseve siaxlis damateba surT. folklo-ruli musikis ramdenime cnobilma Semsruleblma norvegiaSi axali Canawerebi Seqmnes, axa-

li instrumentebis gamoyenebiT.

bolo wlebSi musikalurma bendebma rogorica ~agote~, ~lumski~ daiwyes norvegiuli

tradiciuli musikis da metalis sinTezireba. velaze cnobili sami momRerali ki mari boi-nia.

folkloruli musikis sazogadoebrivi instituti

folkloruli musikis nacionaluri asociacia aris organizacia folkloruli musi-

kis SemsruleblisTvis da folklorul mocekvaveebisTvis. is daarsda 1923 wels, organiza-

cia aerTianebs lokalur da regionalur folklorul musikalur asociaciebs, magram amasTanave, Riaa individualur wevrebisTvisac. 1990 wels nacionalur asociacias hyavda

6000 wevri daaxloebiT 125 sxvadasxva lokaluri organizaciidan. olkloruli musikis na-

cionaluri asociacia gamoscems folkloruli musikis Jurnals “Spelemannsbladet”, ro-

melic gamodis yovelTve. Is asve awyobs yovelwliur nacionalurS ejibrs folklorul mu-

sikaSi “andskappleiken”, romelic am sferoSi yvelaze mniSvnelovani movlenaa. Sityva ~kap-pleik~ niSnavs Sejibrs da es Sejibri tardeba aseve tradiciul vokalur da instrumenta-lur musikaSi da folkloruli cekvebSic. aseTi saxis Sejibri tardeba regionebSic.

nacionaluri musikis festivalze daswreba norvegiaSi yvelas SeuZlia vinc daintere-

sebulia folkloruli musikiT. damatebiT oficialuri programisa, festivali saSuale-

bas aZlevs moyvarulebs Seasrulon simRerebi araoficialur ~off-stage~ warmodgenebi. ume-

tesad lokaluri organizaciebi marTaven sakuTar festivalebs.

fordes (Førde) folkloruli musikis festivali, romelic imarTeba yovel zafxuls dasavleT norvegiaSi, ufro internacionaluria. mas eswrebian gamoCenili folkloruli

musikosebi mTeli msofliodan. isi erT-erTi yvelaze popularuli maxasiaTebeli aris is, rom SesaZleblobas aZlevs gansxvavebuli erovnebis musikosebs daukran sxvadasxva Janris

musika.

wyaroebi:

1. http://www.norwaygreentours.com/do‐and‐see/forde‐international‐music‐festival/

2. http://www.mic.no/mic.nsf/doc/art2002100912335347083543

3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music–of–Norway#Traditional–.28Folk.29–music


113

sofio qarCxaZe ivane javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, bakalavriati

edvard munki da misi xelovneba

xelmZRvaneli: Tamar kviJinaZe

SeuZlebelia eqspresionizmis mimarTulebaze saubari edvard munkis xsenebis gareSe. nor-

vegieli mxatvris Semoqmedeba faqtobrivad xelovnebis am mimdinareobis simbolod iqca, misma

yvelaze cnobilma naxatma — “kivilma” ki popularul kulturaSi samudamo adgili daikava.

munki norvegiaSi, lotenSi daibada 1863 wels. dedis sikvdili adreul asakSi ganicada, ris Semdegac sastiki da Zalze religiuri mama zrdida oTx da-ZmasTan erTad. munki Semdgom

gaixsenebs: “sneuleba, sigiJe da sikvdili Cems akvanTan mdgari angelozebi iyvnen, romlebic

dRemde mdeven Tan.” marTlac, mxatvris SemoqmedebaSi naTladaa asaxuli, Tu rogori mZime

cxovreba ganvlo, Tumca Tavad Tvlida, rom sirTuleebis gareSe umarTav gems daemgvanebo-da. Segirdad norvegiel realist mxatvarTan — kristian krogTan dadga, magram Tavad sul

sxva stili arCia, Tvlida-ra, rom xelovanma adamianma Tavisi Sinagani samyaro unda asaxos. am

midgomis gamo munkis mxatvroba fsiqologiurad datvirTuli da emociebiT savsea. monasme-

bis, ferebisa da sxvadasxva simbolos meSveobiT munki axerxebs, zustad gadmosces mnaxvels emociuri muxti. cnobilia, rom mxatvari TiTqmis mTeli cxovrebis manZilze fsiqologiuri

problemebiT itanjeboda, magram am daavadebasac sakuTari Tavis ganuyofel nawilad miiC-

nevda da Tvlida, rom mis gareSe verc xelovnebas verc Seqmnida. amaze isic miuTiTebs, rom

munkis SemoqmedebaSi yvelaze produqtiuli periodi amave dros yvelaze mZime periodi iyo Tavad mxatvrisTvis. TavisTvis damaxasiaTebeli stili germaniaSi mogzaurobisas da berlin-

Si yofnisas Camouyalibda, sadac xelovanTa sazogadoebaSi gaeria da dauaxlovda Sved mwe-

ral strindbergs. munkis naxatebi iSviaTad iyideboda, Tumca arc Tavad avtoris survili

iyo, ganSoreboda Tavis qmnilebebs, romlebsac Svilebad moixseniebda. munkma parizSic imog-

zaura da aRfrTovanda gogenis, van gogisa da tuluz-lotrekis namuSevrebiT. SesaZloa bevrma arc icodes, rom munkma Tavisi yvelaze cnobili naxati — “kivili” oTx

egzemplarad Seqmna; arsebobs ori naxati Sesrulebuli pastelSi da oric — zeTis saReba-

vebSi. amas garda aris liTografiebic, romlebic 1895 wlidan TariRdeba. munkis mizani iyo

am naxatiT “Seeswavla suli, Seeswavla sakuTari Tavi”. Sedevris STagonebaze Tavad avtori wers: “mze Cadioda, rodesac or megobarTan erTad xidze gadavdiodi. uecrad ca sisxlis-

feri gaxda [... ] da molurjo-moSavo fiordidan cecxlis enebi amovarda. Cemma megobrebma

gza ganagrZes, me ki CamovrCi da SiSisgan avkankaldi. am dros gaisma bunebis uzarmazari,

usasrulo kivili.” saintereso faqtia, rom munkma “kivilis” versiebs germanuli saxeli Der Schrei der Natur (“bunebis kivili”) uwoda. 1895 wliT daTariRebuli pastelSi Sesrulebuli

“kivili” soTbis auqcionze 120 milion dolarad gaiyida da amiT rekordi moxsna yvelaze

Zvirad gayidul naxatTa Soris. am naxats samarTlianad uwodeben “Tanamedroveobis mona lizas”, vinaidan mas icnobs yvela, ganurCevlad asakisa da warmomavlobisa. Tavis droze ki

munkis xelovnebas devnidnen germaneli nacistebi da sulelur xelovnebad miiCnevdnen.

munkma Tavisi mTeli Semoqmedeba qalaq oslos dautova, sadac amJamad munkis muzeumic

dgas. Tavad munki gamosaxulia 1000 kronian kupiuraze. amas garda, munkis mier moxatulia oslos universitetis erT-erTi Senobis interieri. munki norvegiaSi erovnul mxatvrad

miiCneva. Tumca, mis mier Seqmnuli namuSevrebi mTel msoflioSi miiCneva Sedevrebad.


114

mari babiloZe ivane javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, bakalavriati

vikingebi xelmZRvaneli: prof. kaxaber loria

vikingebs istorikosebma erT-erTi yvelaze mamaci da amave dros sastiki xalxi uwodes. vikingebis samSoblo dRevandeli SvedeTis, norvegiisa da daniis teritoriaze mdebareobda, savaraudod, maTi saxeli mekobres niSnavda. vikingebi ubadlo mxedrebi da meomrebi iyvnen. TavianT samSobloSi isini soflis meurneobas, meTevzeobasa da xelosnobas misdevdnen. vikingebis didi nawili glexi iyo, maT moyavdaT marcvleuli da bostneuli, aSenebdnen xardZroxas, Rorebs, qaTmebsa daTxebs. vikingebi gareul cxovelebze nadirobdnen. isini kargi mWedlebi da metalurgebi iyvnen. amzadebdnen brwyinvale iaraRsa da samkaulebs, agreTve moCuqurTmebul sagnebs. umravlesoba did, grZel saxlebSi cxovrobda. saxli ekuTvnoda belads da yvela, vinc beladisTvis Sromobda, mis saxlSi cxovrobda.

gardacvlils saflavSisakvebsa da samkaulebs atandnen, romlebic mas momaval cxovrebaSi unda gamodgomoda. zogjer saxelganTqmul meomars gemze atavsebdnen. gems cecxls ukidebdnen da xalxi Tvlida, rom gemi miemgzavreboda valhalaSi, samoTxeSi, sadac mxolod meomrebi xvdebodnen. vikingebs swamdaT, rom gardacvlili meomrebi iq dRisiT ibrZodnen, RamiT ki nadimobdnen valhalaSi, mTavari RmerTis, odinis samflobeloSi. mSvenieri qalebi, valkiriebi meomrebs emsaxurebodnen. vikingebi xmaurian nadimebs marTavdnen brZolebSi gamarjvebis aRsaniSnavad. musikosebi arfebze da sasule sakravebze ukravdnen, poetebi ki, romelTac skaldebs uwodebdnen, grZeli leqsebiT xotbas asxamdnen mamac meomrebs.

mosaxleobis zrdasTan erTad, vikingebs dasamuSavebeli miwebi SemoakldaT, amitom daaxloebiT 790 wels vikingebis nawilma samSoblo datova. meomrebi sanapiroebs utevdnen, mogzaurebi axal miwebs ikvlevdnen, vaWrebi da xiznebi gemebiT micuravdnen axali miwebisken. vikingi mxedrebi 300 wlis ganmavlobaSi SiSis zars scemdnen evropelebs. ulmobeli meomrebi swraf gemebze isxdnen. xmeleTze gadasvlis Semdeg isini brZoliT ikafavdnen gzas., arbevdnen qalaqebsa da soflebs. vikingebma britaneTis, irlandiis, safrangeTisa da italiis didi nawili daarbies. mogvianebiT bevri maTgani am miwebze dasaxlda.

anglo-saqsonur wyaroebSi aris informacia imis Sesaxeb, Tu rodis moxda vikingTa pirveli Semoteva inglisSi da vin gaxda maTi pirveli msxverpli. es iyo ax. w 789 wels. oTxi wlis Semdeg, 793 wels vikingebi lindisfarnis kunZulze mdebare monasters daesxnen Tavs: “uflis taZris Zirfesvianad dangreva saSinel sisxlisvrasTan da ZarcvasTan erTad mimdinareobda. aqamde britaneTs msgavsi saSineleba ar exila, rogoric am warmarTma tomebma moawyves d werda swavluli alkvini d is azric ki, rom Semoteva zRvidan moxdeboda warmoudgeneli iyo. wminda kubertis eklesia uflis msaxurTasisxliT moirwyo, praqtikulad yvelaferi moipares, britaneTis es udidesi wminda adgili warmarTTa msxverpli Seiqna”. anglo-saqsebisTvis vikingebi “warmarTebi”, “danielebi” an “Crdiloeli

adamianebi” iyvnen. termini “vikingi” savaraudod saqsuri sityvidan wic(samxedro banaki) modis, Tumca aris sxva versiebic. frankuli wyaroebi maT ordmanni(Crdiloeli xalxi an normanebi)uwodeben, germanulebi ki scomanni(igive “eSmen”, ash d ifans niSnavs), radgan


115

zogierTi vikingTa gemi ifnis xisgan mzaddeboda, Tumca ZiriTadad am dapyrobelTa xomaldebi gamZle muxis xisgan ikvreboda. espaneli muslimebi vikingebs l-adjus d warmarT jadoqrebs uwodebdnen, slavebi d Rus(SesaZloa rotsi ddan, rasac finelebi SvedeTs uwodebdnen), bizantielebiicnobdnen maT rogorc Rhos(berZnuli zedsarTavidan “wiTuri”, vikingTa wiTuri garegnobis gamo) an Varangoi (savaraudod Zvelskandinaviuri

sityvidan Var d “fici”, rac ukavSirdeba imas, rom vikingebs hqondaT tradicia daedoT erTgulebis fici). mxolod irlandielebi, romlebic vikingebs ochlannach(Crdiloelebs) da aill(ucxoebi an ucxoelebi) uwodebdnen, cdilobdnen gaerCiaT erTmaneTisgan danielebi(ubh-gaill d Savi ucxoelebi) da norvegielebi(inn-gaill d TeTri ucxoelebi). zogierT sxva wyaroSi vikingebi “danielebad”, “norvegielebad” da “Svedebad” moixsenieben.

magaliTad, adam bremeneli 1075 wels werda: “danielebi da Svedebi, romelTac Cven

normanebs vuwodebT an Crdiloel xalxsR”, aseve is xsnis, rom “danielebi, Svedebi da

daniis sxva xalxebi(maT Soris norvegielebi) moixseniebian normanebad”. amitom, rodesac anglo-saqsonuri wyaro moixseniebs vikingebs ene-dan an ani-dan, es ar niSnavs imas, rom isini aucileblad daniidan unda yofiliyvnen. sityva vikingis warmoSobis erT-erTi ZiriTadi versiaa sityva Vic, rac yures niSnavs da aqvs is sababi, rom vikingebi iyvnen mekobreebi da imalebodnen sanapiros yureebSi, saidanac Semdeg swraf reidebs axdendnen. aris versia, rom termini vikingi SeiZleba modiodes sityvidan Vik d geografiuli saxelwodeba norvegiis erT-erTi nawilisa, an Vig d brZola. skandinaviur xelnawerebSi Viking mekobreobas an mekobrul Tavdasxmas niSnavs, xolo adamiani, vinc aseT reidSi monawileobs d Vikingr. sxvadasxva versia arsebobs vikingTa moulodneli gamoCenis Sesaxeb ax.w VIII saukuneSi. amaze imoqmeda demografiulma faqtorebma da evropaSi stabiluri, mdidari saxelmwifoebis Camoyalibebam, rogoric iyo karolingebis imperia. mimdinareobda gacxovelebuli vaWroba, rac xels aZlevdaTmekobreebs da isinic am Sanss xelidan ar uSvebdnen da mudam esxmodnen savaWro qaravnebsa Tu vaWarTa xomaldebs. amasve ukavirdeba skandinaviaSi gemTmSeneblobis swrafi ganviTareba. vikingebs hyavdaT aramarto is cnobili samekobreo gemebi, romelic CvenTvis mudam maTTan asocirdeba, aramed norrs d savaWro xomaldebi. aseTi gemebiT vikingebs SeeZloT xangrZlivi laSqrobebi wamoewyoT da ganeviTarebinaT kolonizacia axlad aRmoCenili miwebisa. swored xomaldebi iyo vikingTa mTavari iaraRi maTi laSqrobebis periodSi.

daaxloebiT 1100 wels vikingebis TareSi Sewyda. am droisTvis mravali vikingi qristianobas eziara da maTma sisastkem iklo.


116

Jana sirbilaZe ivane javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, bakalavriati

multikulturalizmi Tanamedrove norvegiaSi xelmZRvaneli: prof. kaxaber loria

Tanamedrove epoqaSi Camoyalibebul saerTaSoriso sistemas Tu davakvirdebiT vna-

xavT, rom saxelmwifoTa umravlesoba kulturulad heterogenulia, anu „multikulturulia“. multikulturalizmis centrarul ideas warmoadgens mosazreba, rom kulturulad gan-

sxvavebuli jgufebi sxvadasxva politikur garemoSi aRiarebasa da pativiscemas imsaxure-

ben. martivad, rom vTqvaT, saxelmwifoebi am gziT cdiloben gansxvavebuli kulturebis-Tvis xelSwyobas da maT integracias sazogadoebaSi. Sedegad, individebs saSualeba eqne-

baT, rom icxovron ara homogenur, aramed mravalferovan, multikulturul sazogadoeba-

Si, gaecnon da urTierToba daamyaron gansxvavebuli kulturebis warmomadgenlebTan. xSirad multikulturalizmis qolgis qveS aerTianeben iseT Cagrul jgufebs, rogo-

ric arian qalebi, afrikeli amerikelebi, seqsualuri umciresobebi, magram multikultu-

ralizmis Teoritikosebi fokusirebulni arian Semdeg jgufebze: emigrantebze, romlebic eTnikurad an religiurad umciresovas warmaodgenen( muslimebi evropaSi an laTinuri ame-

rikis warmomadgenlebi aSS-Si), umciresobaSi myof erebze ( kalatonielebi, baskebi, kvebe-

kelebi) an mkvidr mosaxleobaze, romlebic mTeli qvynis umcires nawils warmoadgenen( ma-orelebi axal zelandiaSi).

termini multikulturalizmi pirvelad 1957 wels, SvedeTSi gaCnda, magram multikul-

turalizmi, rogorc sakuTari, erovnuli identobis ganuyofel nawilad pirvelad kanadam aRiara da is oficialur saxelmwifo politikad gamoacxada. Semdom periodSi es ternmini dasavluri qveynebisTvis mimzidvel cnebad iqca, maT Soris iseTi homogenuri qveynebisTvis, rogoricaa germania da aRmosavleTis yvelaze ganviTarebuli qveyana iaponiaa.

miuxedavad am ideologisaadmi msgavsi paTosisa, multikulturalizmi iyo da kvlavac rCeba ganxilvis sagnad. kritikosebis azriT, romelime jgufis Cagrulad gamocxadeba da mis mimarT preferenciuli RonisZiebebis gamocxadeba kidev ufro aRvivebs gansxvavebu-

lobis SegrZnebas. warsulSi an dRes arsebuli uTanasworobaze mudmivi aqcentireba Tavis-

Tavad ufro aferxebs umravlesobaSi maT integracias. multikulturalizmis uaryofiTma mxarem, romelmac ufro mkveTrad iCina Tavi aris

nacionalizmis gaRviveba da ultranacionalisturi jgufebis gaaqtiureba msgavs multi-

kulturul sazogadoebebSi. mTel rig evropul qveynebSi, gaCnda anti-multukulturuli sloganebi, organizaciebi, romlebic ZiriTadad mimarTuli arian muslimebis misamarTiT. meore msoflio omidan moyolebuli, masiurad mimdinareobs emigrantTa gadasvla evropa-sa da amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi da Sedegad miviReT muslimi mosaxleobis swrafi zrda dasavlur samyaroSi.

2001 wlis 11 seqtembris teraqtma Tu sxva afeTqebebma, romleTa ukananac muslimebi idgnen, maT mier ganxorcielebulma kriminalurma aqtebma, garkveuli stereotipebis Camo-

yalibeba gamoiwvia muslimi mosaxleobis mimarT da maTi ganzogadoeba konkretuli termi-nebisa da epiTetebis irgvliv. Sedegad, nebismieri teraqti TviTneburad da TavisTavad xdeba xolme dakavSirbeuli muslim mosaxleobasTan. sworad ase moxda norvegiaSi 2011


117

wlis 22 ivliss momxdari teraqtis SemTxvevaSic. saerTaSoriso gamocemebi oficialur gancxadebebamde werdnen, rom teraqtis oganizatorebi muslimi eqstremistebi iyvnen.

sinamdvileSi ki am movlenebis avtori ganaTlebuli, norvegieli memarjvene eqstre-

misti andres breiviki iyo. es teroristuli aqti SeiZleba gavyoT or nawilad. pirveli na-

wili, manqanis afeTqeba mTavrobis sasaxlesTan, romelmac rva adamianis sicocxle Seiwira. ramdenime wuTSi ki breiviki kunZul utoiaze mivida, sadac mmarTveli partiis axalgaz-

rduli nawilis mier organizebuli sazafxulo banaki imarTeboda. kursis farglebSi 560 students saSualeba hqondaT mieRoT codna politikis Sesaxeb da Sexvedrodnen norvegi-

el politikosebs. studentebi SeSfoTebulni iyvnen osloSi momxdari teraqtis gamo da rodesac policiis formaSi Cacmuli breivi gamoecxadaT, ifiqres, rom es konkretuli pi-

rovneba maT dasacavad iyo gamogzavnili. sinamdvileSi, man srola atexa da 69 axalgazrdis sicocxle Seiwira, samwuxarod maT Soris qarTveli gogona TamTa lipartelianic iyo. es teraqti iyo 10 wliani momzadebis Sedegi da avtors kargad gaazrebuli hqonda Tu ra da rogor unda gaekeTebina. dakavebidan ramdenime dRis Semdeg andres breivikma misi saqcie-

li ase Seafasa:“ es iyo sastiki, magram aucilebeli nabiji“. andres breivikma Tavisi nabijis ganxorcielebamde, Tavisive gverdze“tviterze“ gamo-

aqveyna 1500 gverdiani manifesti, sadac xsnis Tavisi saqcielis mizezebs. misi TqmiT, evro-pa da maT Soris norvegia udidesi safrTxeebis winaSe dgas, konkretulad, islamisa da kul-

turuli marqsizmis. igi akritikebs norvegiis xelisuflebas da sxva evropul qveynebs multikulturalizmis mxardaWeraSi da gansxvavebuli kulturebis maT sazogadoebaSi adaptirebaSi. breivikisTvis multikulturalizmi aris damangreveli idelogogia da sa-

kuTar Tavs igi xedavs politikosad, romlis misiac ZirZveli evropuli kulturisa da sa-zogadoebis dacvaa islamisgan. misi TqmiT saWiroa axali jvarosnuli laSqroba, romelic gaanTavisuflebs evropas muslimebisgan. magram albaT sainteresoa is faqti, rom islamo-

bofobiiT Sepyrobili breiviki misi qmedebebis STamagoneblad al-qaidas da sxva islamur eqstremistul organizaciebs asaxelebs. es nacionalistur-eqstremistuli organizaciebi igive formebiT gamoxataven maT damokidebulebas sxva kulturebisadmi da, zogadad, msoflioSi arsebuli viTarebisadmi.

zogadad, multikulturalizmi Zalian saintereso fenomenia, Tundac saqarTvelo da misi dedaqali Tbilisi amis damadasturebelia, sadac saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi harmoniu-lad cxovrobdnen sxvadasxva kulturis warmomadgenlebi. multikulturalizmi, romelic umciresobebisa da umravlesobebis Serwymas uwyobs xels, romelic warmoSobs axal ideebs, acnobs kulturebs erTmaneTs, aRvivebs Semwynareblobasa da loializms, SeiZleba eqstre-

mistuli nacionalizmis gamaaqtiurebelic gaxdes. TavisTavad cxadia, rom veranairi mize-zi ver amarTlebs breivikis protestis gamoxatulebis formas, veranairi mizezi ver gaa-

marTlebs aTobiT axalazrdis mkvlelis qmedebas, magram aucilebelia yuradReba gamax-

vildes im problemebze romelic sazogadoebaSi arsebobs. ra Tqma unda, Zalze rTulia er-

Ti SemTxvevis gamo isaubro romelime ideologiisa Tu fenomenis warmateba warumateblo-baze, magram faqtia, rom qveynebis lirebebma ufro aqtiurad unda ifiqron am sakiTxze da momavalSi Tavidan airidon iseTi scenarebi, romelic 2011 wlis 22 ivliss norvegiaSi gan-

viTarda.


118

juna mWedliZe ivane javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, bakalavriati

erlend lus literaturuli minimalizmi


norvegielma mweralma erlend lum (Erlend Loe) originaluri formiT dawerili roma-

nisTvis –�naivuri.superi.– arc Tu ise cota literaturuli premia miiRo. martivi da sada eniT dawerili romaniT rTul sakiTxebze gvafiqrebs. am literaturuli xerxiT mweralma minimalisturi stili daamkvidra prozaSi.

raze SeiZleba fiqrobdes adamiani 25 wlis asakSi? ra SeiZleba amoZravebdes, aforia-

qebdes, afxizlebdes mis gonebas, an sulac azrs aZlevdes mis TvalSi cxovrebas? mTavari gmiris, 25 wlis adamianis yoveldRiuri cxovreba azrs kargavs, erTferovani

swori xaziviT uintereso xdeba, mas abnevs Tanamedrove Teoriebi drois Sesaxeb, veRar xe-

davs sagnebs Soris urTierTkavSirs da samyaroSi misi arsebobis mizansp gamudmebiT fiq-

robs iseT raRaceebze, razec milionobiT adamiani cxovrebis bolomde Tavs ar iwuxebs, ise midian saflavebamde. afiqrebs dro, kosmosi, yofierebis azrip aqvs drosTan Seguebis problema; sjera, rom dros simZimis Zala da moZraoba ganagebs.

riT SegviZlia davexmaroT Tavs Sinagani samyaros msgavsi uwonadobis mdgomareobaSi? – is akeTebs im nivTebis sias, romlebic aqvs da romlebic unda rom qondes. imis danaxva, rom ufro meti aqvs, vidre Wirdeba, ar Svelis. Semdeg kedelze burTis sroliT erToba, ufro didxans specialurad SeZenil saTamaSo dafaze kakuniT realobas eTiSeba, yovel-

dRiur erTferovnebas aridebs Tavs. Tavidan SeiZleba, uazrobad mogeCvenoT, magram ro-

gor da raSi exmareba es yvelaferi mas, romanis dasasruls gaigebT, sadac wers:�“mgoni, Ta-maSisa da garTobis saSualebiT sulis ganwmendis ideas veTanxmebi”.

mas unda, rom yvelaferi Tavis adgilas dalagdes, martivad da kargad icxovros, uam-

ravi bednieri wami ganicados, darwmundes, rom mis yofas marTla azri aqvs. sxvanairad si-

xaruls ver grZnobs, ufro martivad ar SeuZlia Sexedos cxovrebas. sabolood ki erTa-

derTi kiTxva awvalebs: yvelaferi ukeTesobisken wava Tu piriqiT – gauaresdeba? gadawyvets, rom mas gardasaxva esaWiroeba da imasac iazrebs, rom es yvelaferi namdvi-

lad jdeba misi SesaZleblobebis farglebSi. ipovis Tu ara sakuTar Tavs niu—iorkSi mog-

zaurobisas? uSvelis quCebSi uamrav xalxs Soris siaruli, uzarmazari Senobebisa da niv-Tebis Semyures? moaxerxebs, kiTxvebze pasuxebis povnasa da nivTebs Soris urTierTkavSirs aRdgenas?

wignis bolomde ise CaxvalT, verc ki moaswrebT, aRmoaCinoT, rom mTavari gmiri mkiTx-

velisTvis usaxelod rCeba; Tu ar CavTvliT erT niuanss, romelic bolo gverdzea mocemu-li, sadac romanis avtors Tavisi saxeli aqvs gamoyenebulip

rac Seexeba Tavad mwerals, norvegieli mwerali da scenaristi, erlend lu, daibada

1969 wlis 24 maiss, trondheimSi. is swavlobda daniis kinoakademiaSi (Danmarks film akademi)

kopenhagenSi da aseve daamTavra xelovnebis akademia trondhaimSi. dRes is cxovrobs oslo-

Si da moRvaweobs rogorc mwerali, kinoscenaristi da mTargmneli.


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pirveli romani, romelmac erlend lus warmateba moutana iyo «Tatt av Kvinnen» (1993),

romelSic lum aRwera axalgazrda norvegielis calmxrivi siyvaruli. erTi wlis Semdeg ga-

moaqveyna sabavSvo wigni «Fisken» (istoriebi satvirTo avtomobilis mZRolis kurtis Sesaxeb).

erlend lus saavtoro stili advilad sacnobia da xSirad axasiaTeben, rogorc specialu-

rad gulubryvilos da naivurs. misi romanis mTavar gmirebs xSirad Zalian bevri undaT cxovrebisgan. erlend lu xSirad iyenebs ironias, groteskul gazviadebas da iumors. er-

lend lus yvelaze cnobili wigni, rogorc ukve aRvniSne ~naivuri superia~, romelic daaxlo-

ebiT 20 enazea Targmnili.


120

aleqsandre tyeSelaSvili ivane javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, bakalavriati

skandinaviuri politikuri sistema da social-demokratia xelmZRvaneli: prof. kaxaber loria

germaneli socialisti politikosi da Teoretikosi, eduard bernStaini, kantis filo-

sofiuri skolisa da inglisuri fabianizmis gavleniT Tavisi didi wvlili Seitana marqsis xisti Teoriis reviziasa da istoriuli materializmis SecvliT ufro Tanamedrove da

praqtikuli TeoriiT. igi germanuli social-demokratiuli partiis (Socialdemokratische Par‐

tei Deutschlands (SPD)) erT-erTi damfuZnebeli iyo da saubrobda klasobrivi brZolisa da

zedmeti daZabulobis gareSe socializmze gadasvlis SesaZleblobaze. SPD social-demok-

ratiuli ideologiis erT-erTi mowinave matarebeli iyo evropaSi, romelsac im droisaT-

vis aklda Teoriuli simartive da eZleoda sxvadasxvanairi interpretaciebi.

…da mainc, social-demokratia SegviZlia ganvsazRvroT im politikur ideologiur mi-

marTulebad, romelic icavs balanss erTis mxriv sabazro ekonomikis da individualizmis da meores mxriv saxelmwifos da koleqtivs Soris. social-demokratia aRiarebs sabazro kapitalizms, rogorc erTaderT saSualebas qveyanaSi ekonomikuri aqtivobisa da amavdro-

ulad emxroba dovlaTis ara sabazro, aramed moraluri principebiT ganawilebis ideas

(Heywood, 2002). endriu heivudis mixedviT Tanamedrove social-demokratiis mTavari sazrunavi aso-

cirdeba sazogadoebis dabali, susti da ususuri nawilis problemebsa da zrunvaze. ase rom social-demokratia ver ganixileba rogorc memkvidreoba, romelic klasikurma soci-

alizmma dagvitova, aramed rogorc keTilSobili nazavi socializmis, liberalizmisa da konservatizmis saukeTeso tradiciebisa im moTxovnebis Sesabamisad, rasac imdroidan aye-

nebda industriuli da aw ukve post-industriuli Tu postmodennuli sazogadoeba. es principebia: pirovnebis Tavisufleba, egalitarizmi, solidaroba, samoqalaqo sazogadoe-

baze paternalisturi zrunva, anu is principebi, rac social-demokratiam sxvadasxva ideo-

logiebisagan isesxa. am principebis implementaciam da aseve sxva faqtorebma ganapirobes erTgvarad utopiuri ideis nawilobrivi ganxorcieleba skandinaviis qveynebis, e.w. ketil-dReobis saxelmwifoebad qceva.

1930-ian wlebSi samive skandinaviur qveyanaSi (dania, SvedeTi, norvegia) saTaveSi soci-

al-demokratiuli partiebi moeqcnen, romlebic aliansSi iyvnen agrarul da social-libe-

ralur partiebTan. maT dauyovnebliv danerges reformebi socialuri dacvis sferoSi (moxucTa pensiebi da umuSevarTa dazRveva) miuxedavad imisa, rom es reformebi mkveTr wi-

naaRmdegobaSi iyo bismarkiseul socialur dazRvevaTa Sesaxeb naazrevTan da iq arsebul tradiciul manamdel mdgomareobasTanac.

meore msoflio omis Semdgom aTwleulebSi SvedeTsa da norvegiaSi social-demokra-tiulma partiebma TiTqmis hegemonuri pozicia moipoves, saidanac maT ukve SeeZloT efeq-

turad gaekontrolebinaT keTildReobis politikis ganxorcielebis masStabebi. social-

demorkatebis gavlena Zlieri iyo daniaSic, Tumca igi ufro metad iyo damokidebuli li-

beralur partiasTan TanamSromlobaze. fineTsa da islandiaSi ki social-demokratiuli


121

partiebi mniSvnelovnad moikoWlebdnen, gamomdinare aqedan, isini am qveynebSi ar warmoad-gendnen angariSgasawev Zalas, raTa maT ar SeeZloT keTildReobis politikis implementa-

ciaSi seriozuli wvlilis Setana. meore msofli omis Semdgom, evropaSi sadac globaluri konfliqtis degradaciul Se-

degebs imkidnen, xSirad saubrobdnen skandinaviur qveynebsa da saxelmwifos mowyobis ma-Teul modelze. evropas im droisaTvis sasicocxlo calebis mosakrebad aucileblad esa-

Wiroeboda axali suliskveTeba, romelic mas im krizisis daZlevaSi daexmareboda, „rkinis fardis“ periodSi rom iyo gamefebuli.

swored omisSemdgomi periodidan daiwyo saubari „mesame gzis“ politikaze. es cnebac mrval ideologiur tradicias aerTianebda da miuxedavad mravalgvari interpretaciebisa ZiriTadad dafuZnebuli iyo liberalizmze, modernizebul social-demokratiasa da kon-

servatizmis imgvar gabebaze, romelic sazogadoebas, pragmatul CarCoebSi, organul mTlianobad aRiqvamda.

erT-erTi mTavari niSani mesame gzis politikisa, rac skandinaviur saxelmwifoebs axa-

siaTebdaT, aris mTavrobis ZiriTadi rolis cnoba ekonomikisa da socialuri cxovrebis daregulirebaSi. marTlac, im droisaTvis norvegia da SvedeTi iqcnen pionerebad, romleb-mac Camoayalibes pasuxismgeblobiT aRsavse samoqalaqo sazogadoeba. maTTvis aseve araTu ucxo, aramed aucilebelic ki iyo sabazro principipebis Sesisxlxorceba da es yvelaferi imaSic gamoixateba, rom dResdReisobiT, mravali kriteriumiT norvegia ufro kapitalis-

turi qveyanaa vidre aSS. es SeiZleba erTi SexedviT paradoqsulad JRerdes, magram miuxe-davad imisa, rom norvegiaSi faqtobrivad ar arsebobs kerZo skolebi da saavadmyofoebi, makroekonomikuri Zvrebi umeteswilad sabazro principebiT mimdinareobs. am, erTgvarad socialuri da politikuri ganviTarebis ekleqturma gzebma da mdidari resursebis raci-

onalurad gamoyenebam, aqcia norvegia da sxva skandinaviur qveynebTan erTad mdgrad ke-TildReobis saxelmwifod, romelic msoflioSi ar Tmobs mowinave poziciebs ekonomikuri, politikuri Tu zogadsazogadoebrivi keTilReobisa da harmoniis mxriv. es yvelaferi aq-

cevs am yveynebs, gansakuTrebiT norvegias, ase mimzidvels yvelasaTvis rac gamoixateba emigraciis maRali doniT, rasac dadebiTTan erTad uaryofiTi efeqtebis axlavs, Tumca es ukve sxva Temaa.

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