usag red cloud supervisor safety handbook feb 2014 bilingual
DESCRIPTION
To supplement existing programs, promote safety awareness, and to serve as a guide for supervisors in safety related matters.TRANSCRIPT
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Safety is a principle of management, the application of sound management principles is the best and most effective way to implement a safety program. The responsibility and authority for making decisions is in the hands of the first line supervisor.μμ μ μ‘°μ§ κ²½μμ μμ΄μ 첫 λ²μ§Έ μμΉμ΄λ©°, 견μ€ν κ²½μ μμΉμ μ μ©μ μμ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ μ€μνλ λ° μμ΄ μ΅κ³ μ, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ κ°μ₯ ν¨μ¨μ μΈ λ°©λ²μ΄λ€. κ²°μ μ λ΄λ¦¬λ μ± μκ°κ³Ό νκ°λ μΌλ°μ§ μ§μλ€μ μ§μ κ΄λ¦¬νλ κ΄λ¦¬μμ λͺ«μ΄λ€.
Accidents are caused by people. People, consciously or subconsciously, involve themselves in unsafe acts or allow unsafe conditions to develop and exist because people lack the awareness of their actions or the actions of others. Training is one way to correct this human failing.μ¬κ³ λ μ¬λμ μν΄ λ°μνλ€. μ¬λλ€μ μμμ μΌλ‘ λλ λ° λ¬΄μμμ μΌλ‘ λΆμμ ν νλμ νλ©°, λΆμμ ν μν©μ μ§μ λ§λ€κ±°λ κ·Έ μν©μ μμ μ λΉ λ¨λ¦¬κ³€ νλλ° μ΄κ²μ κ·Έλ€ μμ μ΄, λλ λ€λ₯Έ μ¬λλ€μ νλμ λν μΈμμ΄ λΆμ‘±ν κΉλμ΄λ€. κ΅μ‘μ μ΄λ¬ν μ¬λμ μν μ€μλ₯Ό λ°λ‘μ‘μ μ μλ νλμ λ°©λ²μ΄λ€.
This information was collected and compiled to be used by all supervisors. Its purpose is to supplement existing programs, promote safety awareness, and to serve as a guide for supervisors in safety related matters. The cooperation of every individual is essential for the success of an activity safety program. Only a group effort will prevent accidents and injuries in the work place. μ΄ μ 보λ λͺ¨λ κ°λ μκ° μ¬μ©ν μ μλλ‘ μμ§λκ³ νΈμ°¬λμλ€. κ·Έ λͺ©μ μ νμ‘΄νλ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨λ€μ 보μνκ³ , μμ μμμ κ³ μ·¨νλ©°, μμ μ κ΄λ ¨λ λ¬Έμ λ€μ λνμ¬ κ°λ μμκ² μ§μΉ¨μ μ 곡νκΈ° μν¨μ΄λ€. μμ νλ κ³νμ μ±κ³΅μ μΌλ‘ μ΄λλ €λ©΄ λͺ¨λ μ§μλ€μ νμ‘°κ° νμμ μ΄λ€. λͺ¨λ μ§μλ€μ μ κ·Ήμ μΈ νμ‘°λ§μ΄ μμ μ₯μμμ μ¬κ³ λ° λΆμλ€μ μλ°©ν μ μλ€.
Any questions and comments about this Supervisor Safety Handbook can be sent to the U.S. Army Garrison and Area I Safety Manager, DSN: 315-732-8528μ΄ κ°λ μ μμ νΈλλΆμ κ΄ν μ§λ¬Έκ³Ό 견ν΄λ λ―Έ μ‘κ΅° μ 1 μ§μ κ²λ¦¬μ¨ λ λ ν΄λΌμ°λ κΈ°μ§ μμ κ³Ό 맀λμ μ DSN : 315-732-8528 λ‘ λ¬Έμκ° κ°λ₯νλ€.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM PAGE
1. SAFETY AND THE SUPERVISOR 3
2. METHODS OF SAFETY EDUCATION AND PROMOTION 3
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3. PSYCHOLOGY OF SAFETY IN SUPERVISION 6
4. WORKERβS SAFETY RESPONSIBILITY 8
5. BASIC CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS ON THE JOB 9
6. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 10
7. PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 10
8. SAFETY INSPECTIONS 11
9. ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING 12
10. TYPES OF INJURIES 14
11. ACCIDENT/INJURY RATIO 14
12. CORRECTIVE ACTION 15
13. CONCLUSION 15
1. SAFETY AND THE SUPERVISOR. The protection of personnel from accidental injury and health hazards is a responsibility of management. Accident prevention can be accomplished only by an organized and coordinated effort. The principles of safety, an integral part of all phases of operation in any organization, must be applied by the supervisor. The importance of the supervisor with respect to production, efficiency, morale, worker relationships, and safety consciousness cannot be over-emphasized; a safety-conscious supervisor is indispensable to an effective safety program.
μμ κ³Ό κ°λ μ. λλ° μ¬κ³ μ μν λΆμκ³Ό 건κ°μμ μνμΌλ‘λΆν° μ§μλ€μ 보νΈνλ κ²μ κ΄λ¦¬μμ μ± μμ΄λ€. μ¬κ³ μλ°©μ μ€μ§ μ‘°μ§μ μ΄λ©° νλμ μΈ λ Έλ ₯μ μν΄ λ¬μ±λ μ μλ€. λͺ¨λ μ‘°μ§μ λͺ¨λ μ΄μ λ¨κ³μμ κ΄λ¦¬μκ° λ°λμ μμ μ μ μ©νλκ²μ΄ νμ
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μμμ΄λ€. μμ°μ λν κ°λ μμ μ€μμ±, ν¨μ¨μ±, μ¬κΈ°, κ·Όλ‘μ κ΄κ³ λ° μμ μμ λ±μ΄ μ§λμΉκ² κ°μ‘° λμ΄μλ μλλ©° κ°λ μμ μμ λ₯λ ₯μ΄λ ν¨κ³Όμ μΈ μμ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ΄ νμμ΄λ€.
The primary objective of this handbook is to familiarize the supervisor with the principles, objectives, and activities of an effective Safety Program, and to instill in him or her greater safety awareness.
μ΄ μλ΄μμ κ°μ₯ μ€μν λͺ©μ μ ν¨κ³Όμ μΈ μμ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ μμΉ, λͺ©ν κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ νλμ κ΄ν΄ λ리 μλ €, λ λμ μμ μμμ μ¬μ΄μ£ΌκΈ° μν¨μ΄λ€.
2. METHODS OF SAFETY EDUCATION AND PROMOTION:μμ κ΅μ‘μ λ°©μκ³Ό μ΄μ§
a. Personal Safety Instruction κ°μΈ μμ μ§μ:
(1) General. Personal instruction has proved to be a successful method of controlling accidents. Workers should be given specific instruction and training relative to their assigned duties. They should be told what specific dangers to guard against and how to avoid injury. Safety should be incorporated in their duty description.
μΌλ°. κ°μΈ μμ μ§μλ μ¬κ³ λ₯Ό ν΅μ νλ μ±κ³΅μ μΈ λ°©λ²μΌλ‘ νλͺ λμλ€. 근무μλ€μ μκΈ°μκ² ν λΉλ μ 무μ κ΄λ ¨λ νΉμ ν μ§μμ κ΅μ‘μ λ°μμΌ νλ€. 근무μλ€μ μ 무 μ€ λ°μν μ μλ νΉμ ν μν μν©μ λμ²ν μ μλ λ°©λ²κ³Ό μ΄λ»κ² μ¬κ³ μ λΆμμ μλ°©ν μ μλμ§μ κ΄ν΄ κ΅μ‘μ λ°μμΌ νλ€. μ 무 κ΄λ ¨ μμ μ§μμ μ 무μ κ΄ν μ€λͺ μ€ λ°λμ κ°μ΄ μ€λͺ ν΄μΌ νλ€.
(2) Newly Assigned Workers. It is the supervisor's responsibility to ensure that no newly assigned worker undertakes a job without proper instruction. To reduce the chance of future safety problems, new workers must be well instructed on all safety matters prior to their starting work. Workers should not perform a task until they understand the job, and know what to do in case of an accident. Personnel must be thoroughly indoctrinated on special safety equipment (safety glasses, safety shoes, hard hats, etc.) before being allowed into those areas where the wearing of such equipment is required. Presenting printed rules to the newcomer does not fulfill the supervisor's responsibility, nor does it help to develop safety consciousness. Personalized safety training helps to improve the worker's attitude, increase production, enhance the supervisor-worker relationship, and reduce accidents.
μ μ 근무μλ€. μ μ 근무μλ€μ΄ μ μ ν μ§μ μμ΄ μμ μ μ°©μνμ§ μλλ‘ νμΈνλ κ²μ κ°λ μμ μ± μμ΄λ€. μ₯μ°¨ λ°μν μ μλ μμ λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό μ€μ΄κΈ° μν΄ μ μ 근무μλ μμ μ μμνκΈ° μ μ λͺ¨λ μμ λ¬Έμ μ λν΄ μ§μ λ°μμΌ νλ€. 근무μλ μμ μ λν΄ μ΄ν΄νκ³ μ¬κ³ κ° λ¬μλ μ΄λ»κ² ν΄μΌ νλμ§ μ λκΉμ§ μμ μ μννλ©΄ μλλ€. μ§μλ€μ νΉμ μ₯λΉκ° νμν κ³³μμ μμ μ₯λΉλ₯Ό μ°©μ© νκΈ° μ μ νΉμ μμ μ₯λΉ (보μκ²½, μμ ν λ° μμ λͺ¨ λ±)μ λνμ¬ κ°λ₯΄μΉ¨μ λ°μμΌ νλ€. μ μ μκ² λ¨μ§ κ·μΉμ νλ¦°νΈν΄μ μ μνλ κ²μ κ°λ μμ μ± μμ λ€νλ κ²μ΄ μλλΏλ§ μλλΌ μμ μμμ κ°λ°νλλ° λμμ΄ λμ§ μλλ€. κ°μΈ μμ κ΅μ‘μ κ·Όλ‘μμ νλλ₯Ό κ°μ νκ³ μμ°μ±μ μ¦λνλ©° κ΄λ¦¬μμ κ·Όλ‘μμ κ΄κ³λ₯Ό κ°ννκ³ μ¬κ³ λ μ€μΌ μ μλ€.
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(3) Human Error. About 90 percent of on-the-job accidents result from human error. For this reason, all personnel must be constantly alert to correct potential safety problems on the spot.
μΈμμ μ€λ₯. 근무 μ€ λ°μν μ¬κ³ μ μ½ 90 νΌμΌνΈλ μΈμμ μ€λ₯μ κ·Όκ±°νλ€. μ΄λ¬ν μ΄μ λ‘, λͺ¨λ μ§μμ λ°λμ μ§μμ μΌλ‘ νμ₯μμ μΌμ΄λ μ μλ μμ μ¬κ³ μ μ μν΄μΌ νλ€.
b. Safety Bulletins. The Safety Office publishes safety bulletins on hazards and other items of interest. These publications are sent out through normal distribution channels or by email. These safety items should be discussed with the workers or made available for them to read.
μμ κ²μν. μμ λΆμλ μν μμ λ° κΈ°ν κ΄μ¬μ¬κ° λ λ§ν μμ΄ν μ κ΄ν μμ κ²μλ¬Όμ κ²μνλ€. μ΄ κ³΅κ³ λ μΌλ° μ ν΅ κ²½λ‘λ₯Ό μ΄μ©νμ¬ λ°μ‘νκ±°λ μ΄λ©μΌμ ν΅ν΄ 보λ΄λλ‘ νλ€. 근무μλ€κ³Ό ν¨κ» μμ κ³΅κ³ μ λνμ¬ λ Όμνκ±°λ μ½μ μ μλλ‘ λ°°λΆνλ€.
c. Correcting Unsafe Mechanical and Physical Conditions: λΆμμ ν κΈ°κ³μ λ° λ¬Όλ¦¬μ νκ²½μ λν μμ μ‘°μΉ
(1) Mechanical and physical conditions are causes of accidents include such hazards as:
κΈ°κ³ λ° λ¬Όλ¦¬μ νκ²½μ λ€μκ³Ό κ°μ μνμμλ₯Ό ν¬ν¨νμ¬ μ¬κ³ μ μμΈμ΄ λλ€:
(a) Unguarded or inadequately guarded machines.μμ λ§μ΄ μκ±°λ λΆμ λΉν μμ λ§μ΄ μ€μΉλ κΈ°κ³
(b) Tools, equipment, and devices that are worn, broken, or of insufficient strength.λ³κ³ , λΆμμ§ λλ λΆμΆ©λΆν κ°λμ μ°μ₯, μ₯λΉ λ° μ₯μΉ
(c) Inadequately lighted work areas.μμ μ₯μ λΆμΆ©λΆν μ‘°λͺ
(d) Deficient ventilation system.κ²°ν¨μ΄ μλ νκΈ° μμ€ν
(2) The conditions cited above are correctable by the supervisor, as he/she is the one who observes the work being done with these machines or tools. There may be instances when the redesigning of a tool or the improving of a ventilation system is necessary to lessen the possibility of an accident. Even in these circumstances, the supervisors should act as soon as possible to ensure these improvements; procrastination is the breeding ground for the enemies of safety.
μμ μΈκΈν μν©μ μ 무 μ€, κ°λ μκ° κΈ°κ³ λλ μ°μ₯μ μ¬μ©νλ μμ μ κ°λ ν¨μΌλ‘μ¨ μ μ μ΄ κ°λ₯νλ€. μ¬κ³ μ κ°λ₯μ±μ μ€μ΄κΈ° μν΄ λꡬ λλ νκΈ° μμ€ν μ μ¬μ€κ³κ° νμν κ²½μ°λ μμ μ μλ€. μ¬μ§μ΄ μ΄λ° μν©μ΄λΌλ©΄ κ°λ μλ μ΄λ¬ν κ²°ν¨λ€μ κ°μ νκΈ° μν΄ κ°λ₯ν 빨리 νλν΄μΌ νλ€. 미루λ λ²λ¦μ μμ μ μμ΄ μ΅λμ μ μ΄λ€.
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All safety discrepancies must be corrected immediately. If a Work Order Request form is required, it should be submitted to the Public Works Order Desk as soon as possible after the discrepancies are discovered.
λͺ¨λ μμ μ λͺ¨μμ λ€μ μ¦μ μ μ ν΄μΌ νλ€. λ§μ½ μμ μ£Όλ¬Έ μμ²μκ° νμν κ²°ν¨μ΄ λ°κ²¬λμμ κ²½μ° κ°λ₯ν ν 빨리 μμ€κ³΅λ³λμ μ μΆνλ€.
d. Controlling Unsafe Acts of Workers. Most accidents are caused by unsafe acts. A good supervisor will hold unsafe acts to a minimum by:
λΆμμ ν νλμ νλ 근무μ ν΅μ . κ±°μ λͺ¨λ μ¬κ³ λ€μ λΆμμ ν νλμΌλ‘ μΈν΄ λ°μνλ€. μΌμ μ¬λ°λ₯΄κ² νλ κ°λ μλ λ€μμ νλͺ©μ μννμ¬ λΆμμ ν νλμ μ΅μνμΌλ‘ μ€μΌ μ μλλ‘ νλ€.
(1) Establishing safe working methods and conditions.μμ ν μμ λ°©μ λ° νκ²½μ μ립νλ€.
(2) Keeping equipment in proper working condition.μ μ ν 근무 쑰건μ λ§κ² μ₯λΉλ₯Ό μ μ§νλ€.
(3) Giving distinct work assignments.근무μλ₯Ό μ μ¬μ μμ λ°°μΉμν¨λ€.
(4) Giving clear work instructions (including identifying specific hazards connected with the job, and emphasizing the precautions to be taken).
λͺ νν μ 무 μ§μλ₯Ό νλ€ (μ 무 μ€ μΌμ΄λ μ μλ νΉμ μν μμ νμΈ, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ·¨ν μ μλ μλ°©μ± κ°μ‘° ν¬ν¨).
(5) Supervising the work as it is being done.μν λ°©μλλ‘ μ λλμ§ κ°λ
e. Difficult-to-Control Accidents: Accidents, such as injuries in the home or off-duty traffic accidents, are very hard for the supervisor to control, but must be considered just as important as industrial type accidents in the work place. If you have an individual unable to work because of accidental injury, regardless of where the accident occurred, you have lost that individualβs productive time. The supervisor is in the best position to prevent these types of accidents as well as industrial accidents because the supervisor knows, or should know, his/her people best. Each supervisor should take an interest in their people both on and off duty, know what their off-duty interests are and encourage them to play safely as safely as they are expected to work.
ν΅μ κ° μ΄λ €μ΄ μ¬κ³ : κ°μ λ΄μμ λΆμμ μ κ±°λ 근무 μκ° μΈμ κ΅ν΅μ¬κ³ λ κ°λ μκ° ν΅μ νκΈ° μ΄λ €μ΄ μ¬μμ΄λ, μμ μ₯μμμ μ°μ ν μ¬κ³ λͺ»μ§ μκ² μ€μνκ² κ³ λ €λμ΄μΌ ν μ¬μμ΄λ€. λ§μ½, μ¬κ³ κ° μΌμ΄λ κ³³μ μκ΄μμ΄, λλ°μ¬κ³ λ‘ μΈν΄ μ λ¬΄κ° λΆκ°λ₯ν 근무μκ° μλ€λ©΄, λΉμ μ κ·Έ 근무μμ μμ°μ μκ°μ μμ κ²μ΄λ€. κ°λ μλ μ°μ μ¬ν΄μ λ§μ°¬κ°μ§λ‘ μ΄λ¬ν νμ μ μ¬κ³ λ₯Ό μκ³ μκ±°λ μμμΌ νκΈ°μ μ¬κ³ λ₯Ό μλ°©ν μ μλ μ΅μμ μ리μ μλ€. κ° κ°λ μλ μμ μ΄ κ΄λ¦¬νλ μ§μλ€μ΄ 근무 μκ° μΈμ νλ κ²μ΄ 무μμ΄λ κ°μ κ΄μ¬μ κ°μ§κ³ κ·Έκ²μ μ 무λ₯Ό μνν λμ λ§μ°¬κ°μ§λ‘ μμ νκ² μ€μν μ μλλ‘ κ²©λ €νλ€.
f. Coordination with Other Supervisors. In some instances, one supervisor can coordinate with other supervisors, to correct safety hazards and unsafe practices within their respective areas of responsibility; i.e., through exchanges of information and ideas, they may become aware of
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unsafe situations that might have been overlooked or that were not previously apparent. It is also important for the supervisor to know to whom to report a hazard that he/she alone is unable to eliminate.
λ€λ₯Έ κ°λ μμμ νλ ₯. μ΄λ€ κ²½μ°μ κ°λ μλ, μμ μ μνμ΄ λ μ μλ μμμ, λΆμμ ν κ΄νμ λ°λ‘μ‘κΈ° μν΄ λ€λ₯Έ κ°λ μλ€κ³Ό νλ ₯ν μ μλ€. μλ₯Ό λ€λ©΄, μ¬μ μ μ 보μ μμ΄λμ΄λ₯Ό κ΅ννμ¬ λͺ» λ³΄κ³ λμ΄κ°κ±°λ λλ λΆλͺ μΉ μμ λΆμμ ν μν©λ€μ μμ차릴 μ μλ€. κ°λ μκ° μν μμλ₯Ό νΌμμ μ κ±°ν μ μμλ κ·Έ μνμ λꡬμκ² λ³΄κ³ ν΄μΌ νλμ§ μκ³ μλ κ² λν κ°λ μμκ² λ§€μ° μ€μν μμμ΄λ€.
g. Accident Prevention Through Application of the Three "E's":μ¬κ³ μλ°©μ ν μ μλ μΈ κ°μ§ β Eβ μμΉ
(1) Education. A safety program is only as good as the safety education effort put into it. Safety training is a specialized form of education that prepares a worker to perform a specific job in a safe manner without constant supervision. To ensure maximum safety, each person should receive specific instructions relative to his/her job, so that he or she is fully aware of the hazards involved and the safety practices required to offset the hazards. The supervisor is responsible for ensuring that his/her workers have received specific safety instructions regarding their jobs.
κ΅μ‘: μμ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ μμ κ΅μ‘μ λ Έλ ₯μ΄ λ€μ΄κ° μλ€λ©΄ νλ₯νλ€. μμ κ΅μ‘μ 근무μλ₯Ό μ§μμ μΈ κ°λ μμ΄ μμ νκ² νΉμ μμ μ μνν μ μλλ‘ ν΄μ£Όλ μ λ¬Έμ μΈ μ νμ΄λ€. μ΅λνμ μμ μ 보μ₯νκΈ° μν΄, κ° κ°μΈμ μκΈ°κ° λ§‘μ μ 무μ λν΄ κ΅¬μ²΄μ μΈ μ§μΉ¨μ λ°μμ, 근무μλ€κ³Ό κ΄λ ¨λ μνκ³Ό μνμμλ₯Ό μμνλλ° νμν μμ μ΅κ΄μ μΆ©λΆν μΈμνκ³ μμ΄μΌ νλ€. κ°λ μλ λ°λμ κ·Όλ‘μκ° μμ μ μμ μ κ΄ν ꡬ체μ μΈ μμ μ§μΉ¨μ λ°λλ‘ ν΄μΌν μ± μμ΄ μλ€.
(2) Engineering. Accidents that result from a poor working environment or unsafe conditions can be eliminated through the application of engineering principles. It may be necessary for the supervisor to request mechanical revisions of modifications to the working areas and equipment in order to eliminate existing unsafe conditions. Special devices may have to be developed to correct specific unsafe conditions or prevent unsafe acts. The designing of machine guards, signals, pressure relief valves, handrails, etc., is an example of safety engineering.
곡ν κΈ°μ . μ΄μ ν μμ νκ²½ λλ λΆμμ ν 컨λμ μμ μ€λ μ¬κ³ λ 곡ν κΈ°μ μμΉμ μ μ©ν΄ μ κ±°ν μ μλ€. κ°λ μλ κΈ°μ‘΄μ λΆμμ ν μν©μ μ κ±°νκΈ° μνμ¬ μμ μ₯ λ° μ₯λΉμ λν μμ μ μνμ¬ κΈ°μ μ κ²ν λ₯Ό μμ²νλ κ²μ΄ νμν μ μλ€. νΉλ³νκ² λΆμμ ν μνλ₯Ό μμ νκ³ λΆμμ ν νλμ λ°©μ§νκΈ°μν΄ νΉμ μ₯λΉλ₯Ό κ°λ°ν μλ μλ€.
(3) Enforcement. Accidents can usually be prevented through safety education and engineering. However, some people are a hazard to themselves and those around them because they fail to comply with established safety standards. Through day-to-day observation and personal contact, the supervisor knows who these workers are. To effectively enforce safety rules and regulations, the supervisor must set an example by himself/herself adhering to all
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safety rules and regulations. Moreover, a supervisor's failure to fully explain the reason for a safety rule or the lack of enforcement of the rule may be the cause of many violations. For effective enforcement of sound safety rules, four basic principles should be applied:
μ§ν. μ¬κ³ λ€μ λ³΄ν΅ μμ κ΅μ‘κ³Ό 곡ν κΈ°μ μ ν΅νμ¬ μλ°©ν μ μλ€. νμ§λ§, μ§μλ€μ μ립λμ΄ μλ μμ κ·μ μ μ€μνμ§ μμ λλ μκΈ° λλ¬Έμ κ·Έλ€ μ€μ€λ‘ μν μν©μ λΉ μ Έλ€κΈ°λ νλ€. ν¨κ³Όμ μΌλ‘ μμ κ·μΉ λ° κ·μ μ μ§ννκΈ° μνμ¬, κ°λ μλ λ°λμ μμ κ·μΉ λ° κ·μ μ μΆ©μ€ν μ§μΌ μλ²μ 보μ¬μΌ νλ€. κ²λ€κ° κ°λ μμ μμ κ·μΉμ λν μΆ©λΆν μ΄ν λλ κ·μ¨ κ°νκ° λΆμ‘±ν κ²½μ° μλ§μ μλ°μ΄ μΌκΈ°λ μ μλ€. νμ€ν μμ κ·μΉμ ν¨κ³Όμ μΈ μ΄νμ μν΄, λ€μμ λ€ κ°μ§ κΈ°λ³Έ μμΉλ€μ΄ μ μ©λμ΄μΌ νλ€.
(a) As few rules as are necessary should be made, and they should be easy to understand.
μ½κ² μ΄ν΄ν μ μλλ‘ κ·μΉλ€μ κ°μνκ² λ§λ λ€.(b) Supervisors, as well as higher management, should set a good example by,
themselves, adhering to all the safety rules.λμ κ²½μ κ΄λ¦¬μ§κ³Ό λ§μ°¬κ°μ§λ‘ κ°λ μλ μμ κ·μΉμ μ±μ€ν μ΄ννμ¬
κ·κ°μ΄ λλλ‘ νλ€.(c) Prompt corrective action should be taken when safety rules are violated.
μμ κ·μΉ μλ° μ μ¦κ°μ μΈ μμ μ‘°μΉκ° νν΄μ ΈμΌ νλ€.(d) Safety rules must apply uniformly.
μμ κ·μΉμ κ· λ±νκ² μ μ©νλ€.
3. PSYCHOLOGY OF SAFETY IN SUPERVISION:μμ κ°λ μ¬λ¦¬ν
a. Definition. The psychology of safety can be defined as a science that deals with the shaping of a person's thinking and behavior, so that he or she will accept safety as an integral part of the job. We are concerned here with two psychological considerations:
μ μ. μμ μ¬λ¦¬νμ μ¬λμ μ¬κ³ μ νλμ μ‘°μ±νμ¬ μμ μ μ 무 μ€ νμλΆκ°κ²°ν κ²μΌλ‘ μ¬κΈ°κ² λ§λλ νλ¬Έμ΄λΌκ³ μ μν μ μλ€. μ΄κ²μ λ κ°μ§ μ¬λ¦¬μ μΈ κ³ λ €μ¬νκ³Ό κ΄κ³κ° μλ€.
(1) What causes a person to do the things that he/she does and the way that he/she does them?
무μμ΄ μ¬λμ μΌνκ² νκ³ κ·Έ μΌμ νλ λ°©λ²μ μκ² νλκ°?(2) What is the best way to persuade a person to do things in a safe way?
μ§μμ΄ μμ νκ² μΌμ ν μ μλλ‘ μ€λμν€λ μ΅κ³ μ λ°©λ²μ 무μμΈκ°?
b. More on What Psychology Is: To be able to direct the modification of behavior toward safety consciousness, safety awareness, and safety performance, the supervisor should try to understand why an individual behaves the way he/she does, what his/her attitudes are, how he/she responds in emotional situations, etc. In trying to understand the worker the supervisor should be aware of the five basic needs of workers with respect to their jobs:
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μ¬λ¦¬νμ λ λμκ° μμ μμ, μμ μν λ±μ μΌκΉ¨μμ£Όλλ° ν λͺ«μ νλ€. κ°λ μλ μ κ·Έ μ¬λμ΄ μ΄λ€ λ°©μλλ‘ νλνλ 건μ§, νλλ μ΄λ νμ§, κ·Έ μ¬λμ΄ μ΄λ»κ² κ°μ μ νΈμνλμ§ λ±μ μ΄ν΄νλ €κ³ ν΄μΌ νλ€. μ§μμ μ΄ν΄νκΈ° μν΄μλ μ§μμ΄ κ°μ§κ³ μλ λ€μ― κ°μ§ κΈ°λ³Έ μꡬλ€μ μκ³ μμ΄μΌ νλ€.,
(1) The need to belong.μμμ μꡬ
(2) The need for recognition of their accomplishments.μ±κ³Όλ₯Ό μΈμ λ°μ μꡬ
(3) The need to be informed.μ 보λ₯Ό μ μꡬ
(4) The need to discuss matters that affect him.μμ μ λ¬Έμ μ λν΄ μμ λ°κ³ μΆμ μꡬ
(5) The need to feel that their efforts are worthwhile; to be able to take pride in their accomplishments. When these five needs are satisfied, the workers will work with the supervisor, not just for him/herself. Then when the supervisor talks safety, the workers will listen, learn, and be eager to cooperate.
μ§μ μ€μ€λ‘μ λ Έλ ₯μ΄ κ°μ΄μΉκ° μλ€κ³ μκ°ν μꡬ; μ±κ³Όμ κ΄ν μλΆμ¬μ κ°μ§κ² ν΄μ€λ€. μ΄ λ€μ―κ°μ§ μκ΅¬κ° μΆ©μ‘±μ΄ λ λ, λΆνμ§μλ€μ νΌμ μΌνμ§ μκ³ κ°λ μμ νλ ₯ν κ²μ΄λ€. κ·Έ λ€μ μμ μ λνμ¬ λ ΌνλΌ. μ§μλ€μ λ£κ³ , λ°°μμ νλ ₯νλ €κ³ ν κ²μ΄λ€.
c. Resistance to Autocratic Supervision. People tend to be repelled by the tyrannical approach to management. The most effective supervisor is the one who leads by example, instructs with patience, and is consistent, fair, and firm.
λ λ¨μ μΈ κ°λ μ λν μ ν. μ§μλ€μ λ μ¬μ λ°©μμ κ²½μμ μ«μ΄νλ κ²½ν₯μ΄ μλ€. κ°μ₯ ν¨μ¨μ± μκ² ν΅μΉνλ κ°λ μλ μλ₯Ό λ€μ΄, μ°Έμμ± μκ² μ§μνλ©°, μΌκ΄μ± μκ³ , 곡μ νλ©°, νκ³ νκ² λ¦¬λνλ μ¬λμ΄λ€.
Every worker is different in many ways from his/her fellow workers; i.e., personality, abilities, and background vary with each worker. Therefore, when an individual commits an unsafe act, the problem should be dealt with on the basis of one person, one unsafe act, and the supervisor should ask herself/himself the following questions:
λͺ¨λ μ§μλ€μ κ°μμ κ°μ±μ κ°μ§κ³ μλ€. μλ₯Ό λ€λ©΄, μ±κ²©, λ₯λ ₯ κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ κ°μ λ€λ₯Έ λ°±κ·ΈλΌμ΄λ λ±μ΄ μλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ―λ‘, κ°μΈμ΄ λΆμμ ν νλμ μ μ§λ μ λ, κ·Έ ν μ¬λλ§μκ² κΈ°λ³Έ μ‘°μΉλ₯Ό ν¨μΌλ‘ ν΄κ²°λ μ μλλ°, μ΄ λ κ°λ μλ μκΈ° μμ μκ² λ€μκ³Ό κ°μ μ§λ¬Έμ λμ Έλ³Ό μ μλ€.
(1) What did he/she do? κ·Έ μ§μμ΄ λ¬΄μ¨ μΌμ μ μ§λ λκ°
(2) How did he/she do it?μ΄λ»κ² νλκ°
(3) Why did he/she do it?μ κ·Έλ κ² νλκ°
(4) How can I make sure that he/she will not repeat it?
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κ·Έ μ§μμ΄ λ°λ³΅νμ§ μμΌλ¦¬λΌλ κ²μ μ΄λ»κ² νμ ν μ μλκ°
When these questions have been answered, the necessary action can be taken to prevent a recurrence of the act.
μ΄ μ§λ¬Έλ€μ λν λ΅μ ν΄λ³΄λ©΄, λ€μμ λ κ°μ μ¬κ±΄μ΄ λ€μ λ°λ³΅λμ§ μμ μ μλ νμν μ‘°μΉλ₯Ό μ μ μμ κ²μ΄λ€.
In summary, the supervisor must get to know each of his/her workers through personal contact and thoughtful observation. Safety cannot be controlled from behind a desk or by reviewing moral responsibility for safety, and he/she must ultimately be responsible for an unsafe act that is committed by one of his/her workers, especially if he/she has neglected any part of his/her safety-indoctrination responsibilities.
μμ½νλ©΄, κ°λ μλ λ°λμ κ°λ³ μ μ΄κ³Ό μΈμ κΉμ κ΄μ°°λ‘ μμ μ μ§μμ λν΄ μ μκ³ μμ΄μΌ νλ€. μμ μ μ§ν€λ μ²λ§ ν μ μλ κ²μ΄ μλκ³ μμ μ λν λλμ μ± μκ°μ κ°μ§κ³ κ°κ°μΈμ΄ μμ μ΄ λ΄λΉνλ μ§μλ€μ΄ μ μ§λ₯΄λ λΆμμ ν νλμ λν΄ κΆκ·Ήμ μΌλ‘ μ± μμ μ§κ³ , νΉν μμ κ΅μ‘μ μ£Όμ μμΌ μ± μκ°μ κΈ°λ₯΄κ² νλ κ²μ΄λ€.
4. WORKERβS SAFETY RESPONSIBILITY:근무μ μμ μ무
a. Although the supervisor of any operation is the key individual in accident prevention, the application of safety principles is a responsibility to be shared by the workers and the supervisor alike, because everyone is affected by the success or failure of the application of these safety principles.
λͺ¨λ μ 무μ κ°λ μκ° μ¬κ³ λ₯Ό μλ°©νλ ν΅μ¬ μΈλ¬Όμ΄κΈ°λ νλ, μμ μμΉμ μ μ©μ κ°λ μμ κ°μ΄ λ€λ₯Έ λͺ¨λ 근무μλ€μκ²λ μ μ©μ΄ λμ΄μΌ νλ€. μλνλ©΄ λͺ¨λ μ§μμ μμ μμΉ μ μ©μ΄ μ±κ³΅ λλ μ€ν¨λ‘ μΈν΄ μν₯μ λ°κΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€.
All personnel must observe the safety regulations and standards that have been established to prevent injury to persons and damage to property and equipment.
μ¬λλ€μ λΆμ κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μμ°κ³Ό μ₯λΉμ μμ€μ μλ°©νκΈ° μν΄ μ€λ¦½λ μμ κ·μ λλ κΈ°μ€μ μ£Όμν΄μΌ νλ€.
b. The following are 10 safety rules that can be used to eliminate accidents and increase production:
μλ μ¬νλ€μ μ¬κ³ λ₯Ό μ κ±°νκ³ μμ°μ±μ λμ΄κΈ° μν΄ μ¬μ©λλ μ΄ κ°μ§ μμ κ·μΉλ€μ΄λ€.
(1) Follow instructions, ask questions, and take no chances.μ§μ μ¬νμ μ λ°λ₯΄κ³ μ§λ¬Έμ νλΌ. κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ΄μ λ§‘κΈ°μ§ μλλ€.
(2) Correct and/or report all unsafe conditions.λͺ¨λ λΆμμ ν μνμ λν μμ μ‘°μΉλ₯Ό μ·¨νκ³ λ³΄κ³ νλ€.
(3) Keep all tools and equipment clean and orderly.λͺ¨λ μ°μ₯κ³Ό μ₯λΉλ κΉ¨λνκ³ μ§μ μ μ°νκ² λ³΄κ΄νλ€.
(4) Use all tools and equipment for the job for which they were intended.
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μ 무μ μ¬μ©νλ λͺ¨λ μ°μ₯κ³Ό μ₯λΉλ κ·Έ λͺ©μ μ λ§κ² μ¬μ©νλ€.(5) Report all injuries promptly and get first-aid immediately when required.
λͺ¨λ λΆμμ μ¦μ λ³΄κ³ νκ³ νμ μ μ¦κ°μ μΌλ‘ μκΈμ²μΉλ₯Ό ννλ€.(6) Use the prescribed personal protective equipment.
μ§μ λ κ°μΈ λ³΄νΈ μ₯λΉλ₯Ό μ¬μ©νλ€.(7) Use, adjust, or repair equipment only when authorized to do so.κΆνμ΄ μλ μ¬λλ§μ΄ μ₯λΉλ₯Ό μ¬μ©, μ‘°μ λλ 보μ μμ μ νν μ μλ€.
(8) Do not engage in horseplay and do not distract others.μλμ νΌμ°μ§ μκ³ μ 무 μ€μΈ λ€λ₯Έ μ§μμ λ°©ν΄νμ§ μλλ€.
(9) When lifting, bend the knees, not the back; get help for heavy or awkward loads.물건μ λ€μ΄μ¬λ¦΄ λλ 무λ¦μ κ΅½νκ³ ν리λ ꡬλΆλ¦¬μ§ μμΌλ©° 무거μ΄
물건μ΄λ μ²λ¦¬νκΈ° κ³€λν μνλ¬Όμ λ€λ£° λμλ λμμ μ²νλ€. (10) Comply with all safety rules and observe all safety signs.
λͺ¨λ μμ κ·μ μ μ€μνκ³ λͺ¨λ μμ κ΄λ ¨ μ§νλ₯Ό κ΄μ°°νλ€.
5. BASIC CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS ON THE JOB. More than one factor is usually involved when an accident occurs. Generally, a series of events combine to produce an accident. Accidents will continue to occur until the supervisor recognizes the acts and conditions that cause them. Most accidents are man-caused and therefore within our control; they can be grouped into the following three categories:
μ 무 μ€ μ¬κ³ μ κΈ°λ³Έμ μΈ μμΈλ€. νλ μ΄μμ μμΈμ΄ μ¬κ³ λ°μμ μμΈμ ν¬ν¨λλ€. μΌλ°μ μΌλ‘, μΌλ ¨μ νλλ€μ΄ μ¬κ³ λ°μμΌλ‘ μ΄μ΄μ§κ² λλ€. μ¬κ³ λ κ°λ μκ° μ¬κ³ μμΈμ΄ λλ νλκ³Ό 쑰건μ μΈμν λκΉμ§ κ³μνμ¬ λ°μν κ²μ΄λ€. λλΆλΆμ μ¬κ³ λ μ¬λμ μν΄ λ°μνλ©° κ·Έλ¬λ―λ‘ μ°λ¦¬ κ°λ μμ ν΅μ νμ μλ κ²μ΄λ€; μ¬κ³ λ λ€μμ λ²μ£Ό μμ μν μ μλ€.
a. Unsafe Personality Traits and Attitudes. People with certain personality traits and attitudes are more apt to cause accidents than are those without them. An individual may have a violent temper; he/she may be reckless, nervous, excitable, inconsiderate, or generally indifferent to the events that would cause concern in most. Persons with these traits requirespecial attention and bear careful watching when working in a potentially hazardous situation.
μμ μ μ§ν€μ§ μλ κ°μΈμ νΉμ± λ° μμΈ. μ΄λ ν νΉμ±κ³Ό μμΈλ₯Ό κ°μ§ κ°μΈμκ²λ λ€λ₯Έ κ·Έλ μ§ μμ μ¬λλ³΄λ€ λ μ¬κ³ λ₯Ό λ§μ΄ λ°μμν€λ κ²½ν₯μ΄ μλ€. κΈν μ±λ―Έλ₯Ό κ°μ§κ³ μμ μλ μλ€; μ μ€νμ§ λͺ»νκ³ , μ κ²½μ΄ κ³Όλ―Όνκ³ , ν₯λΆμ μνκ³ , μ¬λ € κΉμ§ λͺ»νλ©° λλ μΌλ°μ μΌλ‘ μ¬κ±΄λ€μ 무κ΄μ¬νμ¬ μ¬κ³ λ₯Ό μ μΌμΌν¨λ€. μ΄λ¬ν νΉμ±μ κ°μ§ μ¬λμ νΉλ³ν κ΄μ¬μ΄ νμνκ³ μ 무 μν μ μ μ¬μ μΈ μν μν©μ λλΉνμ¬ μ‘°μ¬μ€λ½κ² κ΄μ°°μ ν΄μΌ νλ€.
b. Unsafe Acts. Unsafe acts include such behavior as starting machinery without warning/training, walking or standing under suspended loads, removing machine guards, operating machines without authority, making safety devices inoperative, using unsafe equipment, operating or working at unsafe speeds, failing to wear prescribed personal protective equipment and apparel.
λΆμμ ν νλ . μ£Όμ/κ΅μ‘ μμ΄ κΈ°κ³λ₯Ό μλμν€κ±°λ 맀λ¬λ¦° μνλ¬Ό λ°μμ κ±Έμ΄λ€λκ±°λ μ μλ€λμ§, κΈ°κ³ μ κΈμ₯μΉλ₯Ό μ κ±°νλ€λ μ§, μλ κΆνμ΄ μλ κΈ°κ³λ₯Ό
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μλμν€κ³ , μμ μ₯μΉλ₯Ό μλμν€μ§ μκ³ λΆμμ ν μ₯λΉλ₯Ό μ¬μ©νλ©°, λΆμμ ν μλλ‘ μμ μ νκ³ , κ·μ λ λλ‘ κ°μΈ λ³΄νΈ μ₯λΉμ μ볡μ μ°©μ©νμ§ μμ νλμ μλ‘ λ€ μ μλ€.
c. Unsafe Conditions. Unsafe conditions include such hazardous situations as the absence of guardrails; unguarded gears, chains, and belts; unguarded fans; flammable material; poorly designed or constructed machinery; poor layout of the working area or shop; defective tools and machinery; and inadequate or unsuitable lighting.
λΆμμ ν μν. κ°λλ μΌμ΄ μκ±°λ; 보νΈλ§μ΄ μ€μΉ λμ§ μμ κΈ°μ΄, μ²΄μΈ κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λ²¨νΈ; λ°©νΈλ§μ΄ μλ μ νκΈ°; κ°μ°μ± λ¬Όμ§; ννΈμμ΄ λμμΈ λκ±°λ μ μ‘°λ κΈ°κ³; ν¨μ¨μ μ΄ λͺ»νκ² λ°°μΉλ μμ μ₯ λλ 곡μ₯; κ²°ν¨μ΄ μλ μ°μ₯μ΄λ κΈ°κ³; κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ μ νμ§ μμ μ‘°λͺ λ±μ΄ ν¬ν¨λ μνν νκ²½.
The supervisor must be constantly alert to correct such unsafe mechanical/physical conditions.
κ°λ μλ λΆμμ ν κΈ°κ³μ /물리μ μνλ₯Ό μμ νκΈ° μν΄ μ§μμ μΌλ‘ κ²½κ³ ν΄μΌ νλ€.
As stated earlier, approximately 90 percent of all accidents are caused by unsafe human acts. Ten percent are caused by unsafe mechanical/physical conditions, thus all accidents are preventable. It has been demonstrated that at least half of the preventable accidents can be averted through a systematic inspection program. (See paragraph 8, "SAFETY INSPECTIONS").μμ λͺ μνλ―μ΄, μ¬κ³ μ κ±°μ 90 νΌμΌνΈλ λΆμμ ν μ¬λμ νλμμ λΉλ‘―λμλ€κ³
νλ€. λλ¨Έμ§ 10 νΌμΌνΈλ λΆμμ ν κΈ°κ³μ /물리μ μν λλ¬Έμ΄λ―λ‘ λͺ¨λ μ¬κ³ λ μλ°©μ΄ κ°λ₯νλ€κ³ ν μ μλ€. μ΄ μλ°© κ°λ₯ν μ¬κ³ λ€ μ€ μ λ° μ΄μμ΄ μ²΄κ³μ μΈ μ κ² νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ ν΅ν΄ λ°©μ§κ° κ°λ₯νλ€κ³ μ μ¦λμλ€.
6. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS. The supervisor is responsible for maintaining a safe, healthy working environment for all the workers under his/her control. He/she is obligated to eliminate all hazards that develop within his/her area of responsibility. He/she is responsible for ensuring that:
νκ²½ 쑰건. κ°λ μλ μμ νκ³ , 보건μ μΈ μμ νκ²½μ μμ μ λ΄λΉ νμ μλ λͺ¨λ μ§μλ€μ μν΄ μ μ§ν΄μΌ ν μλ¬΄κ° μλ€. κ°λ μλ μμ μ΄ λ΄λΉνλ μμ μ₯ λ΄μμ λ°μν λͺ¨λ μν μν©μ μ κ±°ν μλ¬΄κ° μλ€. λ€μμ λͺ μνλ€.
a. Belts, fans, exposed gears, moving shafts, and all moving parts of machinery are guarded.벨νΈ, ν¬, λ ΈμΆλ κΈ°μ΄, μ΄λμ μμ‘μ΄μ λͺ¨λ κΈ°κ³μ μμ§μ΄λ λΆλΆμ 보νΈλ§μ
μμ΄λ€.
b. Good housekeeping is maintained and the working area is kept clean and tidy.μμ ꡬμμ΄ κΉ¨λνκ³ μ§μ μ μ°νκ² μ μ§λκ³ μλμ§ νμΈ νλ€.
c. Safety rules are posted for each operation.κ° μμ λ§λ€ μμ κ·μΉλ€μ΄ κ²μ¬λμ΄ μλμ§ νμΈνλ€.
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d. Equipment used is safety-designed and in proper working condition.μ¬μ©νλ μ₯λΉλ μμ νκ² μ€κ³λ λλ‘ μ μλ λμ΄μΌ νλ€.
e. Tools and equipment are used correctly and for the job intended.μ°μ₯κ³Ό μ₯λΉλ μμ μλμ λ§κ² λ°λ₯΄κ² μ¬μ©λμ΄μΌ νλ€.
f. Moving machinery is properly painted and stenciled, according to safety standards.μμ§μ΄λ κΈ°κ³λ μμ κ·μ μ λ°λΌ μ μ νκ² μμ μΉ νκ³ μ€ν μ€ νλ€.
g. All workers operate in a safe manner without being a hazard to themselves or their fellow workers.
λͺ¨λ 근무μλ€μ μμ μ΄λ λλ£ μ§μμκ² ν΄κ° λμ§ μλλ‘ μμ ν λ°©μμΌλ‘ μμ μ νλ€.
7. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT:κ°μΈ λ³΄νΈ μ₯λΉ
a. Operational Hazards. Many specialized industrial operation areas contain hazards that are difficult to eliminate. Examples of such hazards are flying particles, falling objects, flammable substances, poisonous vapors or fumes, acids or caustics.
μ΄μ μν. λ§μ μ λ¬Έμ μΈ μ°μ μμ ꡬμμ μ κ±°νκΈ° μ΄λ €μ΄ μν μν©μ ν¬ν¨νκ³ μλ€. κ·Έλ¬ν μνμ μλ λΉλ ννΈ, λνλ¬Ό, κ°μ°μ±μ λ¬Όμ§, μ λ μ± μ¦κΈ° λ° κ°μ€, μ°μ± λ¬Όμ§ λλ λΆμμ± λ¬Όμ§μ΄λ€.
b. Operational Hazards Control. The best precaution to take against these hazards is to develop operating procedures that ensure positive control so that the hazards do not progress from "potential" to "actual". If, after taking all practicable safety measures, the hazards still exist, then a different approach must be taken to ensure the safety of the operating personnel. Detailed studies must be made of the existing and potential hazards to determine the types and quantity of personal protective equipment needed. Assistance should be obtained from personnel qualified in the operation of the area under study, and the Collateral Duty Safety Officer (CDSO) or Additional Duty Safety Officer (ADSO) should always be involved in the study.
μ΄μ μν ν΅μ . μ΄ μνμν©λ€μ λν κ°μ₯ μ΅μ μ μλ°©μ± μ μ΄μ© μμ μ μ°¨λ₯Ό μΈμ μνμν©μ΄ μ μ¬μ μΈ κ²μμ μ€μ μ μΈ κ²μΌλ‘ μλΌμ§ μκ² λ§λλ κ²μ΄λ€. λ§μ½ μ€ν κ°λ₯ν λͺ¨λ μμ μ‘°μΉλ€μ νν λ€μλ μνμν©μ΄ κ·Έλλ‘ μ‘΄μ¬νλ€λ©΄, μ΄μ μ§μμ μμ μ μν΄ λ€λ₯Έ λ°©λ²μ μ¨μΌ νλ€. νμ‘΄νλ κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μΌμ΄λ μ μλ μνμν©μ λ°ν λ΄μ΄ νμν κ°μΈ λ³΄νΈ μ₯λΉμ μ’ λ₯μ μμ μμ λΌ μ μλλ‘ μΈλΆμ μΈ μ°κ΅¬κ° νν΄μ ΈμΌ νλ€. μ°κ΅¬ν λΆλΆμ μ΄μμ μ격μ κ°μΆ μ¬λμκ²μ μ»μ΄ μ§μμ ν΄μΌνκ³ CDSO λ° ADSO λ νμ μ°κ΅¬μ μ°Έμ¬ν΄μΌ νλ€.
c. Personal Protective Equipment. The use of personal protective equipment will not eliminate safety hazards, (replace safeguards or stop acts), but it will provide more security for a worker in a hazard area. The supervisor will notify the collateral duty safety officer (CDSO) or Additional Duty Safety Officer (ADSO) if he/she feels additional protective equipment is required. A CDSO or ADSO will discuss the operation with the supervisor, bring in other specialized personnel (Safety Specialist, Industrial Hygienist, etc) if necessary, and determine the
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type of protection required. It is preferred that additional safeguards be added on the machines and equipment. Substituting personal protective equipment for machine guarding or rearranging or relocating work may actually create additional hazards. Protective equipment does not prevent accidents; it only makes an accident less likely and guards against the severity of the accident or injury.
κ°μΈ λ³΄νΈ μ₯λΉ. κ°μΈ λ³΄νΈ μ₯λΉλ₯Ό μ¬μ©νλ κ²μ΄ (μμ μ₯μΉλ₯Ό λ체 λ° νλ λ©μΆκΈ°) μ¬κ³ μνμ μ κ±°νλ κ²μ μλμ§λ§ μ 무 μ€ μν ꡬμμμ μμ μ€μΈ 근무μμκ² λ λμ μμ μ 보μ₯ν΄μ€λ€. κ°λ μλ μΆκ°μ μΈ λ³΄νΈ μ₯λΉκ° νμν μν©μ΄λΌκ³ νλ¨νλ©΄ CDSO λλ ADSO μκ² μλ¦°λ€. CDSO λλ ADSO λ κ°λ μμ νμ μ μμ κ³Όμ μμ κ΄, μ°μ μμ μ λ¬Έκ° λ±μ λ°λ €μμ μ΄λ€ νμ μ λ³΄νΈ μ₯λΉκ° νμνμ§ μλ Όνμ¬ κ²°μ ν μ μλ€. λ³΄ν΅ μΆκ°μ μΈ μμ 보νΈμ₯μΉλ₯Ό κΈ°κ³μ μ₯λΉμ μ₯μ°©νλ κ²μ μ νΈνλ€. κΈ°κ³ λ³΄νΈμ₯μΉ, μ¬μ λΉ λλ μ¬λ°°μΉ μμ μ μν κ°μΈ λ³΄νΈ μ₯λΉμ λ체νλ€μ μΆκ°μ μΈ μνμ μ λ°ν μλ μλ€. λ³΄νΈ μ₯λΉλ μ¬κ³ λ₯Ό μλ°©ν΄μ£Όμ§ μμΌλ©° λ³΄νΈ μ₯λΉλ μ€μ§ μ¬κ³ λλ λΆμμ μ¬κ°ν μ λλ₯Ό μ€μ¬μ€ λΏμ΄λ€.
d. Use and Care of Personal Protective Equipment. The supervisor is responsible for ensuring that his/her personnel wear and use their personal protective equipment when circumstances require their use. To ensure that personnel take care of their equipment, the supervisor should check it periodically.
κ°μΈ λ³΄νΈ μ₯λΉμ μ¬μ©κ³Ό κ΄λ¦¬. κ°λ μλ κ°μΈ λ³΄νΈ μ₯λΉμ μ°©μ©μ΄ νμν λμ μ§μλ€μ΄ λ³΄νΈ μ₯λΉλ₯Ό μ°©μ©νλ κ²μ νμΈν μλ¬΄κ° μλ€. μ§μλ€μ΄ μμ μ λ³΄νΈ μ₯λΉλ₯Ό μ κ΄λ¦¬νλμ§ κ°λ μκ° μ£ΌκΈ°μ μΌλ‘ μ΄λ₯Ό 체ν¬ν΄μΌ νλ€.
8. SAFETY INSPECTIONS:μμ μ κ²
a. Supervisory Inspection. In order to keep accidents to a minimum, the supervisor must use one of the oldest tools in the history of accident prevention: safety inspections, when a supervisor cannot make all of the safety inspections himself/herself, he/she must delegate that duty. Inspection teams, committees, or individual inspectors should be specially selected; they should be capable of performing the inspection in a professional manner, and must be able to speak with the full authority of the supervisor. Regardless of how many safety inspections are made by other agencies, a good supervisor must have a continuing inspection schedule in order to maintain an accident-free operation.
κ°λ μ μ κ². μ¬κ³ λ₯Ό μ΅μ μμ€μΌλ‘ μ μ§νκΈ° μν΄, κ°λ μλ λ°λμ μ¬κ³ μλ°©μ μν΄ κ°μ₯ μ€μν μμ μ κ²μ μ€μν΄μΌ νλ€. κ°λ μκ° νΌμμ λͺ¨λ μμ μ κ²μ λͺ»ν κ²½μ°λ₯Ό λλΉνμ¬, μμ μ λ리μΈμ μ ν΄λμ΄μΌ νλ€. μ κ² ν, μμν λλ κ°μΈ μ κ²μκ° νΉλ³ν μ νλλ€; μ΄λ€μ μ λ¬Έμ μΈ μμΈλ‘ μ κ²μ μ€μν μ μμ΄μΌ νλ©° μ κ² μ€μ ν κ°λ μμκ² μμ μ μ κ² κ²°κ³Όμ λν΄ λ±λ±μ΄ λ§ν μ μμ΄μΌ νλ€. μμ μ κ²μ κ°μμλ κ΄κ³μμ΄, νλ₯ν κ°λ μλ 무μ¬κ³ μμ μ₯μ μ μ§νκΈ° μν΄ μ§μλλ μ κ² μ€μΌμ€μ κ°μ§κ³ μμ΄μΌ νλ€.
b. Value of Safety Inspections. For hazards to be eliminated they must first be identified. Systematic inspections by competent personnel will quickly reveal most of the hazardous
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conditions, which can be corrected before an accident occurs. Inspections are also valuable in helping to control the unsafe practices of individuals.
μμ μ κ²μ μ€μμ±. μν μμΈμ μ κ±°νκΈ° μν΄μλ λ¨Όμ μ΄λ€ μνμ΄ μλμ§ νμ ν΄μΌ νλ€. μ λ₯ν μ§μμ μν΄ νν΄μ§λ 체κ³μ μΈ μ κ²μ΄μΌλ§λ‘ μ¬κ³ κ° λ°μνκΈ° μ μ λΉ λ₯΄κ² μμ ν μ μλ€. μ κ²μ λν μ§μλ€μ λΆμμ ν μ΅κ΄μ ν΅μ νλ λ°μλ λμμ΄ λλ€.
c. Checklists. Each supervisor should develop a unique checklist to assist in the safety inspection within his/her organization. The checklist should contain a list of general safety matters and items that apply to the specialized activities within his/her operation. As inspections are performed and new potential hazards are discovered, the checklist should be modified to include them. This will keep the checklist constantly current. The Garrison Safety Office is a good source to assist with checklist development.
μ κ²ν. κ° κ°λ μλ μμ μ μ‘°μ§ λ΄μμ μ€μνλ μμ μ κ² λ μ¬μ©ν κ³ μ μ μ κ²νλ₯Ό κ°λ°νμ¬μΌ νλ€. μ κ²νλ κ°λ μ, μμ μ μ 무 λ΄ μ λ¬Έν λ μΌλ°μ μΈ μμ λ¬Έμ μ μμ΄ν μ ν¬ν¨νκ³ μμ΄μΌ νλ€. μ κ²μ μ€μνμ¬ μλ‘μ΄ μ μ¬ μνμ΄ λ°κ²¬λλ λλ‘ μ κ²νμ ν¬ν¨μμΌ κ°μ νλ€. μ΄κ²μ μ κ²νλ₯Ό μ§μμ μΌλ‘ μ ν¨νκ² ν΄μ€λ€. κ°λ¦¬μ¨ μμ κ³Όμμ μ κ²ν κ°λ°μ μν μ μ©ν μ 보λ₯Ό μ»μ μ μλ€.
d. Use of Inspection Information. After a few inspections a supervisor will have valuable information available for use in safety training and orientation of newly assigned personnel. Safety hazards that were not known to exist will be discovered and eliminated. Soon the goal of reducing accidents to a minimum will be reached, and the supervisor will maintain better control over potential hazard areas.
μ κ² ν μ 보μ μ¬μ©. λͺ κ°μ μ κ² νμ κ°λ μλ μ¬κΈ°μμ μ»μ μ 보λ€μ μμ κ΅μ‘μ΄λ μλ‘κ² λ°°μΉλ μ§μμ μ€λ¦¬μν μ΄μ μ μν΄ μ¬μ©ν μ μλ€. λ°κ²¬λμ§ μμλ μ μ¬μ μΈ μμ μνμ΄ λ°κ²¬λλ©΄ μ¬μ μ μ κ±°ν μ μλ€. 곧 μ¬κ³ λ₯Ό μ΅μνμΌλ‘ μ€μ΄λ €λ λͺ©νκ° λ¬μ±μ΄ λλ©΄ κ°λ μλ μ μ¬μ μΈ μν ꡬμμ λν΄ λ³΄λ€ λμ ν΅μ λ₯Ό μ μ§ν μ μλ€.
9. ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING:μ¬κ³ μ‘°μ¬μ λ³΄κ³ :
a. Purpose of Accident Investigation . Every accident indicates an abnormal situation. The purpose of an accident investigation is to determine the acts or conditions that caused the accident. One valuable tool in accident prevention is a thorough accident investigation program. The conditions or acts responsible for an accident are usually the same as those that have caused accidents in the past or will cause accidents in the future. Therefore, before the supervisor's investigation is completed it should uncover all the causes of the accident.
μ¬κ³ μ‘°μ¬μ λͺ©μ . λͺ¨λ μ¬κ³ λ λΉμ μμ μΈ μν©μ λνλΈλ€. μ¬κ³ μ‘°μ¬μ λͺ©μ μ μ¬κ³ λ₯Ό μ λ°νλ νλ λλ μνλ₯Ό λ°νλ΄κΈ° μν κ²μ΄λ€. μ¬κ³ μ‘°μ¬μ μμ΄μ μ μ©ν νλμ λ°©λ²μ μ¬κ³ μ‘°μ¬ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ΄λ€. μ¬κ³ μ κ΄κ³κ° μλ μν λλ νλμ λ³΄ν΅ κ³Όκ±°μ μ¬κ³ λ₯Ό μ λ°νμκ±°λ λ―Έλμ μ¬κ³ λ₯Ό μ λ°μν¬ κ²μ΄λ€. κ·Έλ¬λ―λ‘, κ°λ μμ μ‘°μ¬κ° μλ£λκΈ° μ μ μ¬κ³ μ μμΈμ μ°Ύμλ΄μ΄μΌ νλ€.
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b. Responsibility. The supervisor is responsible for the investigation and reporting of all accidents that occur within his/her shop or work area. Supervisors shall promptly investigate and report to the Garrison Safety Office:
μ± μ. κ°λ μλ μμ μ 곡μ₯ λλ μμ μ₯ λ΄μμ μΌμ΄λλ λͺ¨λ μ¬κ³ μ λνμ¬ μ‘°μ¬νκ³ λ³΄κ³ ν΄μΌ νλ μ무λ₯Ό κ°μ§λ€. κ°λ μλ μ¦μ μ¬κ³ μ‘°μ¬μ μ°©μνκ³ κ°λ¦¬μ¨ μμ κ³Όμ λ³΄κ³ νλλ‘ νλ€.
(1) Any military and civilian personnel (military on-duty or off-duty, civiliansβ occupationally related mishaps) injury/fatality accidents.
λͺ¨λ κ΅°μ¬ λ° λ―Όκ°μΈ μ§μμ (볡무 μ€μ΄κ±°λ 근무 μκ°μ΄ λλ νμ κ΅°μΈκ³Ό λ―Όκ°μΈμ μ§μ κ³Ό κ΄λ ¨λ μ¬κ±΄) λΆμ/μ¬κ°ν μ¬κ³
(2) Any mishap which results in government property damage involving a repair or replacement cost.
μ리 λ° κ΅μ²΄ λΉμ©μ ν¬ν¨ν μ λΆ μ¬μ°μ νΌν΄λ₯Ό μ€ λͺ¨λ μ¬κ³ (3) Any Government Military Vehicle (GMV) damage.
λͺ¨λ κ΅°μ© μ°¨λμ νμ
c. Investigation and Reporting. A safety investigation of every mishap, major or minor, must be conducted. This investigation is initiated by the supervisor who shall report by phone or in person immediately (within 4 hrs), and with sufficient information (i.e. who, what, when, where, why and how it happened), to the Garrison Safety Officer giving details to the Preliminary Accident Report Information (PARI). For all Class C, accidents, the initial report will be followed, by a written report, DA Form 285-AB (AGAR) within 60 days. For Class D and Class E accidents, a DA Form 285-AB (AGAR) will be submitted to the safety office within 15 days. For Class A and Class B accidents an accident investigation committee will be appointed in writing by IMCOM Pacific to conduct a formal accident investigation. For more information, refer to USAG RC and Area I Pam 385-1, Chapter 2.
μ‘°μ¬μ λ³΄κ³ . ν¬λ μλκ°μ λͺ¨λ μ¬κ³ λ μμ μ‘°μ¬λ₯Ό μ€μν΄μΌ νλ€. μ΄ μ‘°μ¬λ κ°λ μκ° μ νλ‘ λλ μ¦μ μ§μ λ³΄κ³ νλκ² λΆν° μμλλ©° (4 μκ° μ΄λ΄) μ‘νμμΉμ λ§κ³ λ Όλ¦¬ μ μ°νκ² μλΉ μ¬κ³ λ³΄κ³ μλ₯Ό μ¬μ©νμ¬ μμ κ³Όμ₯μκ² λ³΄κ³ νμ¬μΌ νλ€. λͺ¨λ Class C μ¬κ³ λ μ΄κΈ° λ³΄κ³ λ₯Ό νν, μλ©΄μΌλ‘ λ λ³΄κ³ μ DA Form 285-AB (AGAR)λ₯Ό 60 μΌ μ΄λ΄μ, Class D μ Class E μ μ¬κ³ λΆλ₯λ λ³΄κ³ μ DA Form 285-AB (AGAR) λ₯Ό 15 μΌ μ΄λ΄μ μμ κ³Όλ‘ λ³΄λ΄μΌ νλ€. Class A μ Class B μ¬κ³ λΆλ₯λ IMCOM Pacific μ μν΄ μλ©΄μΌλ‘ μμλ μ¬κ³ μ‘°μ¬ μμνμμ μ μμ μ¬κ³ μ‘°μ¬κ° μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ§λ€. μ’λ μμΈν μ 보λ USAG RC and Area I Pam 385-1, Chapter2 λ₯Ό μ°Έμ‘°νλλ‘ νλ€.
d. Timeliness. Accident investigation cannot be conducted from behind a desk. Investigations must be accomplished at the scene of the accident and as soon as possible after the incident. This will ensure that the facts are accurate, since they will still be clear in the minds of witnesses and those involved or responsible for the accident.
μ μμ±. μ¬κ³ μ‘°μ¬λ 건μ±μΌλ‘ ν΄μλ μλλ€. μ‘°μ¬λ μ¬κ³ μ§ν μ΅λν 빨리 μ¬κ³ νμ₯μμ μ€μλμ΄μΌ νλ€. μ΄κ²μ μ¬μ€μ μΈ μμλ€μ λ³΄λ€ μ ννκ² μ»μ μ μκ³ , λ 빨리 μ€μν μλ‘ λͺ©κ²©μλ€μ κΈ°μ΅μ μν μ 보λ λμ± μ ννλ€.
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e. Accident Investigation Procedures. When an accident does occur, the following steps must be taken:
μ¬κ³ μ‘°μ¬ μ μ°¨. μ¬κ³ λ°μ μ λ€μ μ μ°¨μ μν΄ μ‘°μ¬λ₯Ό μ€μνλ€.
(1) Take care of any injuries.λΆμμκ° μλ μ§ νμΈνκ³ μκΈμ²μΉλ₯Ό μ€μνλ€.
(2) If vehicles are involved, contact the Provost Marshal Office.μ°¨λμ κ΄κ³λ μ¬κ³ λ νλ³λμ μ°λ½νλ€.
(3) Obtain specific information - who, what, when, where, why, and how?μ‘νμμΉμ λ§κ² μ 보λ₯Ό μμ§νλ€.
(4) Determine the primary cause and contributing causes.μ£Όμ μμΈκ³Ό κΈ°ν κ΄λ ¨λ μμΈλ€μ λ°νλΈλ€.
(5) Obtain estimates of damages to materials and equipment and the extent of any injuries.
λ¬Όμ§κ³Ό μ₯λΉ κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λΆμμ μ λμ λ°λ₯Έ μμ€ μμκΈμ‘μ μΆμ νλ€.(6) Initiate the necessary corrective action.
νμν μμ μ‘°μΉμ μ°©μνλ€.(7) Notify the Safety Office.
μμ κ³Όμ μλ¦°λ€.
f. Value of Accident Investigation Information. The facts gathered during an accident investigation should be the basis for action to eliminate or to improve the conditions that caused that accident. This information is also valuable for job training and instruction; it is especially useful in teaching newly assigned personnel. A thorough study of accident investigation could result in the obtaining of better equipment, the modifying of existing machine and shop layout, or the establishing of a new method of improved efficiency. Through proper accident investigation and an analysis of investigation data, the supervisor, CDSO/ADSO, and the Safety Office should have sufficient material to develop an excellent set of accident prevention procedures.
μμ μ‘°μ¬ μ 보μ μ€μμ±. μ¬κ³ μ‘°μ¬ λμ μ»μ μ 보λ μ¬κ³ λ₯Ό μ λ°ν μνλ₯Ό μ κ±°νκ³ κ°μ νκΈ° μν κΈ°μ κ° λλ€. μ΄ μ 보λ λν μ§μ κ΅μ‘ λλ μ§μ μ¬νμλ λμμ΄ λλ€. μ΄κ²μ νΉν μλ‘κ² λ°°μΉλ μ§μμ κ΅μ‘νλ λ°μλ μ μ©νλ€. μ¬κ³ μ‘°μ¬μ μ² μ ν μ°κ΅¬λ λ λμ μ₯λΉ μνλ₯Ό λ³μ μ μκ³ , νμ‘΄νλ κΈ°κ³μ 곡μ₯ λ°°μΉλ₯Ό μμ ν μ μμΌλ©° λν ν¨μ¨μ±μ κ°μ νλ μλ‘μ΄ λ°©μμ μ€λ¦½ν μ μκ² νλ€. μ¬λ°λ₯Έ μ¬κ³ μ‘°μ¬μ μ‘°μ¬ λ°μ΄ν°μ λΆμμ ν΅ν΄, CDSO/ ADSO κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μμ κ³Όμμλ μ¬κ³ μ‘°μ¬ μ μ°¨μ νλ₯ν μ€λ¦½μ μν΄ μΆ©λΆν λ¬Όμ§μ 보μ νκ³ μμ΄μΌ νλ€.
10. TYPES OF INJURIES:λΆμμ μ’ λ₯:
a. Minor Injuries. Many serious accidents are caused by the same condition that caused a minor accident. A good supervisor will take a few minutes each day to check for unsafe practices that could result in injury. He/she must inform all personnel of minor injuries that have occurred and emphasize the importance of reporting all injuries.
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κ²½λ―Έν λΆμ. λλΆλΆμ μ¬κ°ν μ¬κ³ λ κ²½λ―Έν μ¬κ³ μ μΌμ΄λκ² λ κ²½μκ° λΉμ·νλ€. νλ₯ν κ°λ μλ λ§€μΌ λͺ λΆμ© μκ°μ μ¨μ λΆμμ ν, λΆμμ μ λ°ν μ μλ κ΄μ΅μ΄ νν΄μ§κ³ μμ§λ μμμ§ μ²΄ν¬νλ€. κ°λ μλ λͺ¨λ μ§μμκ² κ³Όκ±°μ μΌμ΄λ¬λ κ²½λ―Έν λΆμλ€μ κ΄ν΄ μλ¦¬κ³ λΆμμ΄ μμ μ μ¦μ λ³΄κ³ νλ κ²μ κ°μ‘°νλ€.
b. Limited Duty Cases. A person injured on the job and placed on limited duty by a competent medical authority is not authorized to remain off duty because of the injury. A person injured on the job should not be sent home by his/her supervisor, unless the injured individual has gone through proper medical channels.
근무 μ ν μΌμ΄μ€ . μ§μ₯μμ λΆμμ λΉνμ κ²½μ° μ§μ λ μλ£μ§μΌλ‘λΆν° 근무볡κ·λ₯Ό μ§μλ°μλ€λ©΄ λΆμμ λΉνλλΌλ κ·κ°ν μ μλ€. λΆμμ μ μ μ¬λμ μ μ ν μλ£μ§μ μκΈ μ‘°μΉλ₯Ό λ°μ κ²½μ°κ° μλλΌλ©΄ κ°λ μμ νλ¨μΌλ‘ κ·κ°ν μ μλ€.
c. Questionable Cases. In questionable cases the supervisor is responsible for assisting in determining whether a person was actually injured on the job. The supervisor should determine whether the worker was actually engaged in a work activity that could have directly cause the injury, or a chronic condition of the worker was merely aggravated by this activity.
λ―Έμ¬μ©μ μΌμ΄μ€. λ―Έμ¬μ©μ κ²½μ°μ κ°λ μλ μ§μμ΄ μ€μ μ§μ₯μμ λΆμμ μ μλμ§ μλμ§ μμλ΄μΌ ν μλ¬΄κ° μλ€. κ°λ μλ μ§μμ΄ μμ μ μ€μ λ‘ μ°κ΄λ μμ μ μν λΆμμΈμ§, λ¨μ§ μ§μμ λ§μ±μ μ§νμ΄ κ·Έ μ λ¬΄λ‘ μΈν΄ μ νλκ±΄μ§ μμλ΄μ΄μΌ νλ€.
11. ACCIDENT/INJURY RATIO. In a large number of cases, it has been found that many supervisors wait until after an accident occurs before they correct the unsafe acts, practices, procedures, or conditions that cause the accident. A study of the ratio of industrial accidents to injuries showed that of 330 similar accidents, 300 produced no injury whatsoever, 29 resulted in only minor injuries, and one caused serious, disabling, or fatal injury. The major injury may come from the very first accident or any other accident in the 330. If the accidents are prevented, the injuries will not occur.
μ¬κ³ / λΆμ λΉμ¨. μ¬κ³ μ λλ€μκ°, λ§μ κ°λ μλ€μ΄ μ¬κ³ λ₯Ό μ λ°νλ μνν νλ, κ΄μ΅, μ μ°¨ λ° μνλ₯Ό λ°©κ΄νλ κ²μΌλ‘ λ°νμ‘λ€. μ°μ μ¬ν΄μ λΉμ¨μ μ°κ΅¬ν κ²°κ³Ό, 330건μ μ μ¬ μ¬κ³ , 300 건μ 무μ¬κ³ , 29 건μ κ²½λ―Έν λΆμ, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ ν 건μ μ¬κ°ν, μ¬κΈ° λΆκ°λ₯ν, μΉλͺ μ μΈ λΆμμ΄λΌλ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ μ μμλ€. ν° λΆμμ 330 건μμ μ΄κΈ°μ μ¬κ³ λλ λ€λ₯Έ μ¬κ³ λ‘λΆν° μ¨ κ²μΌ μλ μλ€. μ¬κ³ λ₯Ό μλ°©ν μ μμΌλ©΄ λΆμ λν μΌμ΄λμ§ μλλ€.
12. CORRECTIVE ACTION:μμ μ‘°μΉ
a. The supervisor has the opportunity directly to observe personnel mistakes when they occur, and to prevent a recurrence by taking corrective action. The same process that is used to obtain proficiency on the job is used to prevent accidents. Supervisors are responsible for detecting unsafe conditions, practices, procedures, and acts, and to take corrective action to eliminate them before they cause an accident. Corrective action is extremely important. Unless
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the supervisor corrects the actions of the people and corrects hazardous conditions as soon as they are discovered, little can be done to prevent accident.
μ¬κ³ κ° λ°μνμλ κ°λ μκ° μ§μ μ§μλ€μ΄ μ μ§λ₯΄λ μ€μλ₯Ό κ΄μ°°νκ³ μμ μ‘°μΉλ₯Ό ν¨μΌλ‘μ¨ μ¬λ° λ°©μ§λ₯Ό μ·¨ν κΈ°νκ° μ£Όμ΄μ§λ€. μΌμ λ₯λ₯ μ μ»κΈ° μν΄ μ¬μ©λλ λμΌν κ³Όμ λν μ¬κ³ λ₯Ό μλ°©νλ λ° μ¬μ©λλ€. κ°λ μλ λΆμμ ν μν, κ΄μ΅, μ μ°¨ κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ νλ λ±μ νμ§νμ¬ μ¬κ³ κ° λ°μνκΈ° μ μ μ΄κ²λ€μ λ°λ‘μ‘μ μλ¬΄κ° μλ€. μμ μ‘°μΉλ μμ£Ό μ€μνλ€. κ°λ μκ° μ§μμ μλͺ»λ νλκ³Ό μνν μνλ₯Ό λ°κ²¬ν μ¦μ μ κ±°νμ§ μμΌλ©΄ μλλ€.
b. The following suggestions for taking corrective action may be used by supervisors:μλμ νλͺ©μ κ°λ μλ€μ΄ μ¬μ©ν μ μλ μμ μ‘°μΉμ΄λ€.
(1) Personnel Adjustment. Assign workers to other types of jobs. Remove any source for grievance as soon as it is discovered.
μΈμ¬ μ‘°μ . μ§μμ μλ νλ μ 무μ λ€λ₯Έ κ³³μ λ°°μΉ μν¨λ€. λΆλ§μ΄ μμ λ²ν μμλ λ°κ²¬ μ¦μ μμ λλ‘ νλ€.
(2) Engineering Revisions. Eliminate hazards at the source (safety guards on machines, relocating hazardous functions, improve lighting, etc.)
곡νμ μμ . κΈ°κ³μ μμ λ°©νΈ, μ ν΄ κΈ°λ₯ μ¬λ°°μΉ, μ‘°λͺ κ°μ λ±μΌλ‘ μν μμ μ κ±°.
(3) Oral Instruction, Demonstration, Performance Test. Ensure that the personnel understand all instructions and know their safety responsibilities.
ꡬλ μ§μ , μλ² , μ±λ₯ ν μ€νΈ . μ§μλ€μ΄ μμ μ λͺ¨λ μμ μ± μκ³Ό μμ μ§μ μ¬νμ μ΄ν΄νκ³ μλλ‘ νλ€.
13. CONCLUSION. The supervisor is the key person in any accident prevention effort. A safe work area will not prevail unless safety is an integral part of every operation, because the causes of accidents are the same as those that decrease efficiency and production. The supervisor is responsible for the worker's safety, as well as the care of equipment and materials. The decisions and actions (or lack of action) by the supervisor may mean the difference between accident-free operations or one in which accidents occur that may cripple people or destroy life, materials, or property. The supervisor has an obligation to his/her personnel and their dependents to do everything within his/her power to prevent accidents. The supervisors also have a direct responsibility for preventing the waste and destruction of government property and materials. Further, it is his/her duty to strive for consistency in establishing realistic safety standards within his/her activity and to take positive action when deviation from these standards is observed. Supervisors must insist that personnel comply with all safety rules.
κ²°λ‘ . κ°λ μλ μ¬κ³ λ₯Ό μλ°©νλ €λ λ Έλ ₯μ μμ΄μ ν΅μ¬ μΈλ¬Όμ΄λ€. μμ μ΄ λͺ¨λ μμ μ μμ΄μ νμλ‘ μμ©νμ§ μλλ€λ©΄ μμ ν μμ ꡬμμ νν΄μ§μ§ μλλ€. μλνλ©΄ μ¬κ³ μ μμΈμ λ₯λ₯ κ³Ό μμ°μ±μ μ νλ₯Ό μλ―ΈνκΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€. κ°λ μλ μ₯λΉμ λ¬Όμ§μ κ΄λ¦¬μ λ§μ°¬κ°μ§λ‘ μ§μμ μμ μλ μ± μμ κ°μ§λ€. κ°λ μμ μν κ²°μ κ³Ό νλλ€μ μ¬κ³ μλ μμ μ₯κ³Ό μ¬λμκ² μ¬κ°ν μμμ μ£Όκ±°λ μλͺ , λ¬Όμ§, μμ°μ μμμ κ°μ Έμ€λ μ¬κ³ μ¬μ΄μ μ°¨μ΄μ μ΄λΌκ³ λ§ν μ μλ€. κ°λ μλ μμ μ΄ κ΄λ¦¬νλ μ§μλ€κ³Ό
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κ·Έλ€μ΄ κ°μ‘±μ μν΄ μμ μ΄ κ°μ§ κΆλ ₯μ μ¬κ³ μλ°©μ μμ μλ¬΄κ° μλ€. κ°λ μλ λν μ λΆ μμ°κ³Ό λ¬Όμ§μ λλΉ λ° νμμΌλ‘λΆν° μλ°©ν μ무λ₯Ό κ°μ§κΈ°λ νλ€. κ²λ€κ° μμ κΈ°μ€ μ¬μ΄μμ νΈμ°¨κ° λ°κ²¬λ μμ μμ μ μ 무μμ νμ€μ μΈ μμ κΈ°μ€μμ μΌκ΄μ±μ κ°μ§κΈ° μν΄ λΆν¬νκ³ κ·Έμ λ°λ₯Έ μ¬λ°λ₯Έ μ‘°μΉλ₯Ό μ·¨νλ κ² λν κ°λ μμ μ무μ΄λ€. κ°λ μλ λ°λμ μ§μλ€μ΄ λͺ¨λ μμ κ·μ λ€μ μ€μνλλ‘ μ£Όμ₯νμ¬μΌ νλ€.
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