usag red cloud supervisor safety handbook feb 2014 bilingual

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To supplement existing programs, promote safety awareness, and to serve as a guide for supervisors in safety related matters.

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Page 1: USAG Red Cloud Supervisor Safety Handbook Feb 2014 Bilingual

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Page 2: USAG Red Cloud Supervisor Safety Handbook Feb 2014 Bilingual

Safety is a principle of management, the application of sound management principles is the best and most effective way to implement a safety program. The responsibility and authority for making decisions is in the hands of the first line supervisor.μ•ˆμ „μ€ 쑰직 κ²½μ˜μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 첫 번째 원칙이며, κ²¬μ‹€ν•œ 경영 μ›μΉ™μ˜ μ μš©μ€ μ•ˆμ „ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ μ‹€μ‹œν•˜λŠ” 데 μžˆμ–΄ 졜고의, 그리고 κ°€μž₯ 효율적인 방법이닀. 결정을 λ‚΄λ¦¬λŠ” μ±…μž„κ°κ³Ό ν—ˆκ°€λŠ” 일반직 직원듀을 직접 κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” κ΄€λ¦¬μžμ˜ λͺ«μ΄λ‹€.

Accidents are caused by people. People, consciously or subconsciously, involve themselves in unsafe acts or allow unsafe conditions to develop and exist because people lack the awareness of their actions or the actions of others. Training is one way to correct this human failing.μ‚¬κ³ λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ— μ˜ν•΄ λ°œμƒν•œλ‹€. μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ˜μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ λ˜λŠ” 반 λ¬΄μ˜μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆˆμ•ˆμ „ν•œ 행동을 ν•˜λ©°, λΆˆμ•ˆμ „ν•œ 상황을 직접 λ§Œλ“€κ±°λ‚˜ κ·Έ 상황에 μžμ‹ μ„ 빠뜨리곀 ν•˜λŠ”λ° 이것은 κ·Έλ“€ μžμ‹ μ΄, λ˜λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 행동에 λŒ€ν•œ 인식이 λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ κΉŒλ‹­μ΄λ‹€. κ΅μœ‘μ€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ— μ˜ν•œ μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό λ°”λ‘œμž‘μ„ 수 μžˆλŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 방법이닀.

This information was collected and compiled to be used by all supervisors. Its purpose is to supplement existing programs, promote safety awareness, and to serve as a guide for supervisors in safety related matters. The cooperation of every individual is essential for the success of an activity safety program. Only a group effort will prevent accidents and injuries in the work place. 이 μ •λ³΄λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  κ°λ…μžκ°€ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μˆ˜μ§‘λ˜κ³  νŽΈμ°¬λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. κ·Έ λͺ©μ μ€ ν˜„μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨λ“€μ„ λ³΄μ™„ν•˜κ³ , μ•ˆμ „ μ˜μ‹μ„ κ³ μ·¨ν•˜λ©°, μ•ˆμ „μ— κ΄€λ ¨λœ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ κ°λ…μžμ—κ²Œ 지침을 μ œκ³΅ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•¨μ΄λ‹€. μ•ˆμ „ ν™œλ™ κ³„νšμ„ μ„±κ³΅μ μœΌλ‘œ 이끌렀면 λͺ¨λ“  μ§μ›λ“€μ˜ ν˜‘μ‘°κ°€ ν•„μˆ˜μ μ΄λ‹€. λͺ¨λ“  μ§μ›λ“€μ˜ 적극적인 ν˜‘μ‘°λ§Œμ΄ μž‘μ—…μž₯μ—μ„œμ˜ 사고 및 뢀상듀을 μ˜ˆλ°©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.

Any questions and comments about this Supervisor Safety Handbook can be sent to the U.S. Army Garrison and Area I Safety Manager, DSN: 315-732-8528이 κ°λ…μž μ•ˆμ „ ν•Έλ“œλΆμ— κ΄€ν•œ 질문과 κ²¬ν•΄λŠ” λ―Έ 윑ꡰ 제 1 지역 게리슨 λ ˆλ“œ ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ 기지 μ•ˆμ „κ³Ό λ§€λ‹ˆμ €μ˜ DSN : 315-732-8528 둜 λ¬Έμ˜κ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ITEM PAGE

1. SAFETY AND THE SUPERVISOR 3

2. METHODS OF SAFETY EDUCATION AND PROMOTION 3

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Page 3: USAG Red Cloud Supervisor Safety Handbook Feb 2014 Bilingual

3. PSYCHOLOGY OF SAFETY IN SUPERVISION 6

4. WORKER’S SAFETY RESPONSIBILITY 8

5. BASIC CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS ON THE JOB 9

6. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 10

7. PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 10

8. SAFETY INSPECTIONS 11

9. ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING 12

10. TYPES OF INJURIES 14

11. ACCIDENT/INJURY RATIO 14

12. CORRECTIVE ACTION 15

13. CONCLUSION 15

1. SAFETY AND THE SUPERVISOR. The protection of personnel from accidental injury and health hazards is a responsibility of management. Accident prevention can be accomplished only by an organized and coordinated effort. The principles of safety, an integral part of all phases of operation in any organization, must be applied by the supervisor. The importance of the supervisor with respect to production, efficiency, morale, worker relationships, and safety consciousness cannot be over-emphasized; a safety-conscious supervisor is indispensable to an effective safety program.

μ•ˆμ „κ³Ό κ°λ…μž. 돌발 사고에 μ˜ν•œ 뢀상과 κ±΄κ°•μƒμ˜ μœ„ν—˜μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 직원듀을 λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜λŠ” 것은 κ΄€λ¦¬μžμ˜ μ±…μž„μ΄λ‹€. 사고 μ˜ˆλ°©μ€ 였직 쑰직적이며 ν˜‘λ™μ μΈ λ…Έλ ₯에 μ˜ν•΄ 달성될 수 μžˆλ‹€. λͺ¨λ“  쑰직의 λͺ¨λ“  운영 λ‹¨κ³„μ—μ„œ κ΄€λ¦¬μžκ°€ λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ μ•ˆμ „μ„ μ μš©ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ΄ ν•„μˆ˜

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Page 4: USAG Red Cloud Supervisor Safety Handbook Feb 2014 Bilingual

μš”μ†Œμ΄λ‹€. 생산에 λŒ€ν•œ κ°λ…μžμ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±, νš¨μœ¨μ„±, 사기, 근둜자 관계 및 μ•ˆμ „ μ˜μ‹ 등이 μ§€λ‚˜μΉ˜κ²Œ κ°•μ‘° λ˜μ–΄μ„œλŠ” μ•ˆλ˜λ©° κ°λ…μžμ˜ μ•ˆμ „λŠ₯λ ₯μ΄λž€ 효과적인 μ•ˆμ „ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄ ν•„μˆ˜μ΄λ‹€.

The primary objective of this handbook is to familiarize the supervisor with the principles, objectives, and activities of an effective Safety Program, and to instill in him or her greater safety awareness.

이 μ•ˆλ‚΄μ„œμ˜ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ λͺ©μ μ€ 효과적인 μ•ˆμ „ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ˜ 원칙, λͺ©ν‘œ 그리고 ν™œλ™μ— κ΄€ν•΄ 널리 μ•Œλ €, 더 λ‚˜μ€ μ•ˆμ „ μ˜μ‹μ„ 심어주기 μœ„ν•¨μ΄λ‹€.

2. METHODS OF SAFETY EDUCATION AND PROMOTION:μ•ˆμ „ ꡐ윑의 방식과 촉진

a. Personal Safety Instruction 개인 μ•ˆμ „ μ§€μ‹œ:

(1) General. Personal instruction has proved to be a successful method of controlling accidents. Workers should be given specific instruction and training relative to their assigned duties. They should be told what specific dangers to guard against and how to avoid injury. Safety should be incorporated in their duty description.

일반. 개인 μ•ˆμ „ μ§€μ‹œλŠ” 사고λ₯Ό ν†΅μ œν•˜λŠ” 성곡적인 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ 판λͺ…λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. κ·Όλ¬΄μžλ“€μ€ μžκΈ°μ—κ²Œ ν• λ‹Ήλœ 업무에 κ΄€λ ¨λœ νŠΉμ •ν•œ μ§€μ‹œμ™€ κ΅μœ‘μ„ λ°›μ•„μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. κ·Όλ¬΄μžλ“€μ€ 업무 쀑 λ°œμƒν•  수 μžˆλŠ” νŠΉμ •ν•œ μœ„ν—˜ 상황에 λŒ€μ²˜ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 방법과 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 사고와 뢀상을 μ˜ˆλ°©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— κ΄€ν•΄ κ΅μœ‘μ„ λ°›μ•„μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. 업무 κ΄€λ ¨ μ•ˆμ „ 지식은 업무에 κ΄€ν•œ μ„€λͺ… 쀑 λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ 같이 μ„€λͺ…ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€.

(2) Newly Assigned Workers. It is the supervisor's responsibility to ensure that no newly assigned worker undertakes a job without proper instruction. To reduce the chance of future safety problems, new workers must be well instructed on all safety matters prior to their starting work. Workers should not perform a task until they understand the job, and know what to do in case of an accident. Personnel must be thoroughly indoctrinated on special safety equipment (safety glasses, safety shoes, hard hats, etc.) before being allowed into those areas where the wearing of such equipment is required. Presenting printed rules to the newcomer does not fulfill the supervisor's responsibility, nor does it help to develop safety consciousness. Personalized safety training helps to improve the worker's attitude, increase production, enhance the supervisor-worker relationship, and reduce accidents.

μ‹ μž… κ·Όλ¬΄μžλ“€. μ‹ μž… κ·Όλ¬΄μžλ“€μ΄ μ μ ˆν•œ μ§€μ‹œ 없이 μž‘μ—…μ— μ°©μˆ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ„λ‘ ν™•μΈν•˜λŠ” 것은 κ°λ…μžμ˜ μ±…μž„μ΄λ‹€. μž₯μ°¨ λ°œμƒν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ•ˆμ „ 문제λ₯Ό 쀄이기 μœ„ν•΄ μ‹ μž… κ·Όλ¬΄μžλŠ” μž‘μ—…μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κΈ° 전에 λͺ¨λ“  μ•ˆμ „ λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ§€μ‹œ λ°›μ•„μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. κ·Όλ¬΄μžλŠ” μž‘μ—…μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  사고가 λ‚¬μ„λ•Œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œ λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ μž‘μ—…μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λ©΄ μ•ˆλœλ‹€. 직원듀은 특수 μž₯λΉ„κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•œ κ³³μ—μ„œ μ•ˆμ „μž₯λΉ„λ₯Ό 착용 ν•˜κΈ° 전에 특수 μ•ˆμ „ μž₯λΉ„ (λ³΄μ•ˆκ²½, μ•ˆμ „ν™” 및 μ•ˆμ „λͺ¨ λ“±)에 λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ¨μ„ λ°›μ•„μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. μ‹ μž…μ—κ²Œ 단지 κ·œμΉ™μ„ ν”„λ¦°νŠΈν•΄μ„œ μ œμ‹œν•˜λŠ” 것은 κ°λ…μžμ˜ μ±…μž„μ„ λ‹€ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ•ˆμ „ μ˜μ‹μ„ κ°œλ°œν•˜λŠ”λ° 도움이 λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€. 개인 μ•ˆμ „ κ΅μœ‘μ€ 근둜자의 νƒœλ„λ₯Ό κ°œμ„ ν•˜κ³  생산성을 μ¦λŒ€ν•˜λ©° κ΄€λ¦¬μžμ™€ 근둜자의 관계λ₯Ό κ°•ν™”ν•˜κ³  사고도 쀄일 수 μžˆλ‹€.

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(3) Human Error. About 90 percent of on-the-job accidents result from human error. For this reason, all personnel must be constantly alert to correct potential safety problems on the spot.

μΈμœ„μ  였λ₯˜. 근무 쀑 λ°œμƒν•œ μ‚¬κ³ μ˜ μ•½ 90 νΌμ„ΌνŠΈλŠ” μΈμœ„μ  였λ₯˜μ— κ·Όκ±°ν•œλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 이유둜, λͺ¨λ“  직원은 λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ ν˜„μž₯μ—μ„œ 일어날 수 μžˆλŠ” μ•ˆμ „ 사고에 μœ μ˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€.

b. Safety Bulletins. The Safety Office publishes safety bulletins on hazards and other items of interest. These publications are sent out through normal distribution channels or by email. These safety items should be discussed with the workers or made available for them to read.

μ•ˆμ „κ²Œμ‹œνŒ. μ•ˆμ „λΆ€μ„œλŠ” μœ„ν—˜ μš”μ†Œ 및 기타 관심사가 될 λ§Œν•œ μ•„μ΄ν…œμ— κ΄€ν•œ μ•ˆμ „ κ²Œμ‹œλ¬Όμ„ κ²Œμ‹œν•œλ‹€. 이 κ³΅κ³ λŠ” 일반 μœ ν†΅ 경둜λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ°œμ†‘ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 이메일을 톡해 보내도둝 ν•œλ‹€. κ·Όλ¬΄μžλ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ•ˆμ „ 곡고에 λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ λ…Όμ˜ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 읽을 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ°°λΆ€ν•œλ‹€.

c. Correcting Unsafe Mechanical and Physical Conditions: λΆˆμ•ˆμ „ν•œ 기계적 및 물리적 ν™˜κ²½μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ‹œμ • 쑰치

(1) Mechanical and physical conditions are causes of accidents include such hazards as:

기계 및 물리적 ν™˜κ²½μ€ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 μœ„ν—˜μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•˜μ—¬ μ‚¬κ³ μ˜ 원인이 λœλ‹€:

(a) Unguarded or inadequately guarded machines.μ•ˆμ „λ§μ΄ μ—†κ±°λ‚˜ λΆ€μ λ‹Ήν•œ μ•ˆμ „λ§μ΄ μ„€μΉ˜λœ 기계

(b) Tools, equipment, and devices that are worn, broken, or of insufficient strength.λ‹³κ³ , λΆ€μ„œμ§„ λ˜λŠ” λΆˆμΆ©λΆ„ν•œ κ°•λ„μ˜ μ—°μž₯, μž₯λΉ„ 및 μž₯치

(c) Inadequately lighted work areas.μž‘μ—…μž₯의 λΆˆμΆ©λΆ„ν•œ μ‘°λͺ…

(d) Deficient ventilation system.결함이 μžˆλŠ” ν™˜κΈ° μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ

(2) The conditions cited above are correctable by the supervisor, as he/she is the one who observes the work being done with these machines or tools. There may be instances when the redesigning of a tool or the improving of a ventilation system is necessary to lessen the possibility of an accident. Even in these circumstances, the supervisors should act as soon as possible to ensure these improvements; procrastination is the breeding ground for the enemies of safety.

μœ„μ— μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•œ 상황은 업무 쀑, κ°λ…μžκ°€ 기계 λ˜λŠ” μ—°μž₯을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μž‘μ—…μ„ κ°λ…ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 정정이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€. μ‚¬κ³ μ˜ κ°€λŠ₯성을 쀄이기 μœ„ν•΄ 도ꡬ λ˜λŠ” ν™˜κΈ° μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜ μž¬μ„€κ³„κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•œ κ²½μš°λ„ μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆλ‹€. 심지어 이런 상황이라면 κ°λ…μžλŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 결함듀을 κ°œμ„ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 빨리 행동해야 ν•œλ‹€. λ―Έλ£¨λŠ” 버릇은 μ•ˆμ „μ— μžˆμ–΄ μ΅œλŒ€μ˜ 적이닀.

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Page 6: USAG Red Cloud Supervisor Safety Handbook Feb 2014 Bilingual

All safety discrepancies must be corrected immediately. If a Work Order Request form is required, it should be submitted to the Public Works Order Desk as soon as possible after the discrepancies are discovered.

λͺ¨λ“  μ•ˆμ „ 상 λͺ¨μˆœμ λ“€μ€ μ¦‰μ‹œ μ •μ •ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. λ§Œμ•½ μž‘μ—… μ£Όλ¬Έ μš”μ²­μ„œκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•œ 결함이 λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆμ„ 경우 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ ν•œ 빨리 μ‹œμ„€κ³΅λ³‘λŒ€μ— μ œμΆœν•œλ‹€.

d. Controlling Unsafe Acts of Workers. Most accidents are caused by unsafe acts. A good supervisor will hold unsafe acts to a minimum by:

λΆˆμ•ˆμ „ν•œ 행동을 ν•˜λŠ” 근무자 ν†΅μ œ. 거의 λͺ¨λ“  사고듀은 λΆˆμ•ˆμ „ν•œ ν–‰λ™μœΌλ‘œ 인해 λ°œμƒν•œλ‹€. 일을 μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” κ°λ…μžλŠ” λ‹€μŒμ˜ ν•­λͺ©μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ—¬ λΆˆμ•ˆμ „ν•œ 행동을 μ΅œμ†Œν•œμœΌλ‘œ 쀄일 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•œλ‹€.

(1) Establishing safe working methods and conditions.μ•ˆμ „ν•œ μž‘μ—… 방식 및 ν™˜κ²½μ„ μˆ˜λ¦½ν•œλ‹€.

(2) Keeping equipment in proper working condition.μ μ ˆν•œ 근무 쑰건에 맞게 μž₯λΉ„λ₯Ό μœ μ§€ν•œλ‹€.

(3) Giving distinct work assignments.근무자λ₯Ό μ μž¬μ μ†Œμ— λ°°μΉ˜μ‹œν‚¨λ‹€.

(4) Giving clear work instructions (including identifying specific hazards connected with the job, and emphasizing the precautions to be taken).

λͺ…ν™•ν•œ 업무 μ§€μ‹œλ₯Ό ν•œλ‹€ (업무 쀑 일어날 수 μžˆλŠ” νŠΉμ • μœ„ν—˜ μš”μ†Œ 확인, 그리고 μ·¨ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ˜ˆλ°©μ±… κ°•μ‘° 포함).

(5) Supervising the work as it is being done.μˆ˜ν–‰ λ°©μ‹λŒ€λ‘œ 잘 λ˜λŠ”μ§€ 감독

e. Difficult-to-Control Accidents: Accidents, such as injuries in the home or off-duty traffic accidents, are very hard for the supervisor to control, but must be considered just as important as industrial type accidents in the work place. If you have an individual unable to work because of accidental injury, regardless of where the accident occurred, you have lost that individual’s productive time. The supervisor is in the best position to prevent these types of accidents as well as industrial accidents because the supervisor knows, or should know, his/her people best. Each supervisor should take an interest in their people both on and off duty, know what their off-duty interests are and encourage them to play safely as safely as they are expected to work.

ν†΅μ œκ°€ μ–΄λ €μš΄ 사고: κ°€μ • λ‚΄μ—μ„œ 뢀상을 μž…κ±°λ‚˜ 근무 μ‹œκ°„ 외에 κ΅ν†΅μ‚¬κ³ λŠ” κ°λ…μžκ°€ ν†΅μ œν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ €μš΄ μ‚¬μ•ˆμ΄λ‚˜, μž‘μ—…μž₯μ—μ„œμ˜ μ‚°μ—…ν˜• 사고 λͺ»μ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ²Œ κ³ λ €λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  μ‚¬μ•ˆμ΄λ‹€. λ§Œμ•½, 사고가 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 곳에 상관없이, λŒλ°œμ‚¬κ³ λ‘œ 인해 업무가 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ κ·Όλ¬΄μžκ°€ μžˆλ‹€λ©΄, 당신은 κ·Έ 근무자의 생산적 μ‹œκ°„μ„ μžƒμ€ 것이닀. κ°λ…μžλŠ” μ‚°μ—… μž¬ν•΄μ™€ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ νƒ€μž…μ˜ 사고λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  μžˆκ±°λ‚˜ μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•˜κΈ°μ— 사고λ₯Ό μ˜ˆλ°©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ΅œμƒμ˜ μžλ¦¬μ— μžˆλ‹€. 각 κ°λ…μžλŠ” μžμ‹ μ΄ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” 직원듀이 근무 μ‹œκ°„ 외에 ν•˜λŠ” 것이 무엇이든 간에 관심을 가지고 그것을 업무λ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν•  λ•Œμ™€ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ²Œ μ‹€μ‹œν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ κ²©λ €ν•œλ‹€.

f. Coordination with Other Supervisors. In some instances, one supervisor can coordinate with other supervisors, to correct safety hazards and unsafe practices within their respective areas of responsibility; i.e., through exchanges of information and ideas, they may become aware of

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unsafe situations that might have been overlooked or that were not previously apparent. It is also important for the supervisor to know to whom to report a hazard that he/she alone is unable to eliminate.

λ‹€λ₯Έ κ°λ…μžμ™€μ˜ ν˜‘λ ₯. μ–΄λ–€ κ²½μš°μ— κ°λ…μžλŠ”, μ•ˆμ „μ— μœ„ν˜‘μ΄ 될 수 μžˆλŠ” μš”μ†Œμ™€, λΆˆμ•ˆμ „ν•œ 관행을 λ°”λ‘œμž‘κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ°λ…μžλ“€κ³Ό ν˜‘λ ₯ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄, 사전에 정보와 아이디어λ₯Ό κ΅ν™˜ν•˜μ—¬ λͺ» 보고 λ„˜μ–΄κ°”κ±°λ‚˜ λ˜λŠ” λΆ„λͺ…μΉ˜ μ•Šμ€ λΆˆμ•ˆμ „ν•œ 상황듀을 μ•Œμ•„μ°¨λ¦΄ 수 μžˆλ‹€. κ°λ…μžκ°€ μœ„ν—˜ μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό ν˜Όμžμ„œ μ œκ±°ν• μˆ˜ μ—†μ„λ•Œ κ·Έ μœ„ν—˜μ„ λˆ„κ΅¬μ—κ²Œ 보고해야 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” 것 λ˜ν•œ κ°λ…μžμ—κ²Œ 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μš”μ†Œμ΄λ‹€.

g. Accident Prevention Through Application of the Three "E's":사고 μ˜ˆλ°©μ„ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ„Έ 가지 β€œ E” 원칙

(1) Education. A safety program is only as good as the safety education effort put into it. Safety training is a specialized form of education that prepares a worker to perform a specific job in a safe manner without constant supervision. To ensure maximum safety, each person should receive specific instructions relative to his/her job, so that he or she is fully aware of the hazards involved and the safety practices required to offset the hazards. The supervisor is responsible for ensuring that his/her workers have received specific safety instructions regarding their jobs.

ꡐ윑: μ•ˆμ „ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ— μ•ˆμ „ ꡐ윑의 λ…Έλ ₯이 λ“€μ–΄κ°€ μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ ν›Œλ₯­ν•˜λ‹€. μ•ˆμ „κ΅μœ‘μ€ 근무자λ₯Ό 지속적인 감독 없이 μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ²Œ νŠΉμ • μž‘μ—…μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” 전문적인 μœ ν˜•μ΄λ‹€. μ΅œλŒ€ν•œμ˜ μ•ˆμ „μ„ 보μž₯ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄, 각 κ°œμΈμ€ μžκΈ°κ°€ 맑은 업무에 λŒ€ν•΄ ꡬ체적인 지침을 λ°›μ•„μ„œ, κ·Όλ¬΄μžλ“€κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ μœ„ν—˜κ³Ό μœ„ν—˜μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό μƒμ‡„ν•˜λŠ”λ° ν•„μš”ν•œ μ•ˆμ „ μŠ΅κ΄€μ„ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ μΈμ‹ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. κ°λ…μžλŠ” λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ κ·Όλ‘œμžκ°€ μžμ‹ μ˜ μž‘μ—…μ— κ΄€ν•œ ꡬ체적인 μ•ˆμ „ 지침을 받도둝 ν•΄μ•Όν•  μ±…μž„μ΄ μžˆλ‹€.

(2) Engineering. Accidents that result from a poor working environment or unsafe conditions can be eliminated through the application of engineering principles. It may be necessary for the supervisor to request mechanical revisions of modifications to the working areas and equipment in order to eliminate existing unsafe conditions. Special devices may have to be developed to correct specific unsafe conditions or prevent unsafe acts. The designing of machine guards, signals, pressure relief valves, handrails, etc., is an example of safety engineering.

곡학 기술. μ—΄μ•…ν•œ μž‘μ—… ν™˜κ²½ λ˜λŠ” λΆˆμ•ˆμ „ν•œ μ»¨λ””μ…˜μ—μ„œ μ˜€λŠ” μ‚¬κ³ λŠ” 곡학 기술 원칙을 μ μš©ν•΄ μ œκ±°ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. κ°λ…μžλŠ” 기쑴의 λΆˆμ•ˆμ „ν•œ 상황을 μ œκ±°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ μž‘μ—…μž₯ 및 μž₯비에 λŒ€ν•œ μˆ˜μ •μ„ μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ 기술적 κ²€ν† λ₯Ό μš”μ²­ν•˜λŠ” 것이 ν•„μš”ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. νŠΉλ³„ν•˜κ²Œ λΆˆμ•ˆμ „ν•œ μƒνƒœλ₯Ό μˆ˜μ •ν•˜κ³  λΆˆμ•ˆμ „ν•œ 행동을 λ°©μ§€ν•˜κΈ°μœ„ν•΄ 특수 μž₯λΉ„λ₯Ό κ°œλ°œν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€.

(3) Enforcement. Accidents can usually be prevented through safety education and engineering. However, some people are a hazard to themselves and those around them because they fail to comply with established safety standards. Through day-to-day observation and personal contact, the supervisor knows who these workers are. To effectively enforce safety rules and regulations, the supervisor must set an example by himself/herself adhering to all

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safety rules and regulations. Moreover, a supervisor's failure to fully explain the reason for a safety rule or the lack of enforcement of the rule may be the cause of many violations. For effective enforcement of sound safety rules, four basic principles should be applied:

집행. 사고듀은 보톡 μ•ˆμ „ ꡐ윑과 곡학 κΈ°μˆ μ„ ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ μ˜ˆλ°©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 직원듀은 μˆ˜λ¦½λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” μ•ˆμ „ κ·œμ •μ„ μ€€μˆ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ λ•Œλ„ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ·Έλ“€ 슀슀둜 μœ„ν—˜ 상황에 빠져듀기도 ν•œλ‹€. 효과적으둜 μ•ˆμ „ κ·œμΉ™ 및 κ·œμ •μ„ μ§‘ν–‰ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬, κ°λ…μžλŠ” λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ μ•ˆμ „ κ·œμΉ™ 및 κ·œμ •μ„ μΆ©μ‹€νžˆ μ§€μΌœ μ‹œλ²”μ„ 보여야 ν•œλ‹€. κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ κ°λ…μžμ˜ μ•ˆμ „κ·œμΉ™μ— λŒ€ν•œ μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 이행 λ˜λŠ” 규율 κ°•ν™”κ°€ λΆ€μ‘±ν•  경우 μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μœ„λ°˜μ΄ 야기될 수 μžˆλ‹€. ν™•μ‹€ν•œ μ•ˆμ „ κ·œμΉ™μ˜ 효과적인 이행을 μœ„ν•΄, λ‹€μŒμ˜ λ„€ 가지 κΈ°λ³Έ 원칙듀이 μ μš©λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€.

(a) As few rules as are necessary should be made, and they should be easy to understand.

μ‰½κ²Œ 이해할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ κ·œμΉ™λ“€μ€ κ°„μ†Œν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“ λ‹€.(b) Supervisors, as well as higher management, should set a good example by,

themselves, adhering to all the safety rules.높은 경영 관리직과 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ κ°λ…μžλ„ μ•ˆμ „ κ·œμΉ™μ„ μ„±μ‹€νžˆ μ΄ν–‰ν•˜μ—¬

귀감이 λ˜λ„λ‘ ν•œλ‹€.(c) Prompt corrective action should be taken when safety rules are violated.

μ•ˆμ „ κ·œμΉ™ μœ„λ°˜ μ‹œ 즉각적인 μ‹œμ • μ‘°μΉ˜κ°€ ν–‰ν•΄μ Έμ•Ό ν•œλ‹€.(d) Safety rules must apply uniformly.

μ•ˆμ „ κ·œμΉ™μ€ κ· λ“±ν•˜κ²Œ μ μš©ν•œλ‹€.

3. PSYCHOLOGY OF SAFETY IN SUPERVISION:μ•ˆμ „ 감독 심리학

a. Definition. The psychology of safety can be defined as a science that deals with the shaping of a person's thinking and behavior, so that he or she will accept safety as an integral part of the job. We are concerned here with two psychological considerations:

μ •μ˜. μ•ˆμ „ 심리학은 μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 사고와 행동을 μ‘°μ„±ν•˜μ—¬ μ•ˆμ „μ„ 업무 쀑 ν•„μˆ˜λΆˆκ°€κ²°ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ—¬κΈ°κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 학문이라고 μ •μ˜ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 이것은 두 가지 심리적인 고렀사항과 관계가 μžˆλ‹€.

(1) What causes a person to do the things that he/she does and the way that he/she does them?

무엇이 μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μΌν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜κ³  κ·Έ 일을 ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μ•Œκ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”κ°€?(2) What is the best way to persuade a person to do things in a safe way?

직원이 μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ²Œ 일을 ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μ„€λ“μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 졜고의 방법은 무엇인가?

b. More on What Psychology Is: To be able to direct the modification of behavior toward safety consciousness, safety awareness, and safety performance, the supervisor should try to understand why an individual behaves the way he/she does, what his/her attitudes are, how he/she responds in emotional situations, etc. In trying to understand the worker the supervisor should be aware of the five basic needs of workers with respect to their jobs:

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심리학은 더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ μ•ˆμ „ μ˜μ‹, μ•ˆμ „ μˆ˜ν–‰ 등을 μΌκΉ¨μ›Œμ£ΌλŠ”λ° ν•œ λͺ«μ„ ν•œλ‹€. κ°λ…μžλŠ” μ™œ κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ–΄λ–€ λ°©μ‹λŒ€λ‘œ ν–‰λ™ν•˜λŠ” 건지, νƒœλ„λŠ” μ–΄λ– ν•œμ§€, κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 감정에 ν˜Έμ†Œν•˜λŠ”μ§€ 등을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. 직원을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 직원이 가지고 μžˆλŠ” λ‹€μ„― 가지 κΈ°λ³Έ μš•κ΅¬λ“€μ„ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€.,

(1) The need to belong.μ†Œμ†μ˜ μš•κ΅¬

(2) The need for recognition of their accomplishments.μ„±κ³Όλ₯Ό 인정받을 μš•κ΅¬

(3) The need to be informed.정보λ₯Ό μ•Œ μš•κ΅¬

(4) The need to discuss matters that affect him.μžμ‹ μ˜ λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μƒμ˜ λ°›κ³  싢은 μš•κ΅¬

(5) The need to feel that their efforts are worthwhile; to be able to take pride in their accomplishments. When these five needs are satisfied, the workers will work with the supervisor, not just for him/herself. Then when the supervisor talks safety, the workers will listen, learn, and be eager to cooperate.

직원 슀슀둜의 λ…Έλ ₯이 κ°’μ–΄μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  생각할 μš•κ΅¬; 성과에 κ΄€ν•œ μžλΆ€μ‹¬μ„ κ°€μ§€κ²Œ ν•΄μ€€λ‹€. 이 닀섯가지 μš•κ΅¬κ°€ 좩쑱이 될 λ•Œ, λΆ€ν•˜μ§μ›λ“€μ€ 혼자 μΌν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  κ°λ…μžμ™€ ν˜‘λ ₯ν•  것이닀. κ·Έ λ‹€μŒ μ•ˆμ „μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ λ…Όν•˜λΌ. 직원듀은 λ“£κ³ , λ°°μ›Œμ„œ ν˜‘λ ₯ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•  것이닀.

c. Resistance to Autocratic Supervision. People tend to be repelled by the tyrannical approach to management. The most effective supervisor is the one who leads by example, instructs with patience, and is consistent, fair, and firm.

독단적인 감독에 λŒ€ν•œ μ €ν•­. 직원듀은 λ…μž¬μ  λ°©μ‹μ˜ κ²½μ˜μ„ μ‹«μ–΄ν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆλ‹€. κ°€μž₯ νš¨μœ¨μ„± 있게 ν†΅μΉ˜ν•˜λŠ” κ°λ…μžλŠ” 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 참을성 있게 μ§€μ‹œν•˜λ©°, 일관성 있고, κ³΅μ •ν•˜λ©°, ν™•κ³ ν•˜κ²Œ λ¦¬λ“œν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λ‹€.

Every worker is different in many ways from his/her fellow workers; i.e., personality, abilities, and background vary with each worker. Therefore, when an individual commits an unsafe act, the problem should be dealt with on the basis of one person, one unsafe act, and the supervisor should ask herself/himself the following questions:

λͺ¨λ“  직원듀은 각자의 κ°œμ„±μ„ 가지고 μžˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄, 성격, λŠ₯λ ₯ 그리고 각자 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°±κ·ΈλΌμš΄λ“œ 등이 μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ, 개인이 λΆˆμ•ˆμ „ν•œ 행동을 μ €μ§ˆλ €μ„ λ•Œ, κ·Έ ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ§Œμ—κ²Œ κΈ°λ³Έ 쑰치λ₯Ό ν•¨μœΌλ‘œ 해결될 수 μžˆλŠ”λ°, 이 λ•Œ κ°λ…μžλŠ” 자기 μžμ‹ μ—κ²Œ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ 던져볼 수 μžˆλ‹€.

(1) What did he/she do? κ·Έ 직원이 무슨 일을 μ €μ§ˆλ €λŠ”κ°€

(2) How did he/she do it?μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν–ˆλŠ”κ°€

(3) Why did he/she do it?μ™œ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν–ˆλŠ”κ°€

(4) How can I make sure that he/she will not repeat it?

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κ·Έ 직원이 λ°˜λ³΅ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ¦¬λΌλŠ” 것을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν™•μ‹ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”κ°€

When these questions have been answered, the necessary action can be taken to prevent a recurrence of the act.

이 μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 닡을 해보면, λ‹€μŒμ— λ˜‘ 같은 사건이 λ‹€μ‹œ λ°˜λ³΅λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ 수 μžˆλŠ” ν•„μš”ν•œ 쑰치λ₯Ό μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀.

In summary, the supervisor must get to know each of his/her workers through personal contact and thoughtful observation. Safety cannot be controlled from behind a desk or by reviewing moral responsibility for safety, and he/she must ultimately be responsible for an unsafe act that is committed by one of his/her workers, especially if he/she has neglected any part of his/her safety-indoctrination responsibilities.

μš”μ•½ν•˜λ©΄, κ°λ…μžλŠ” λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ κ°œλ³„ 접촉과 인정 κΉŠμ€ κ΄€μ°°λ‘œ μžμ‹ μ˜ 직원에 λŒ€ν•΄ 잘 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. μ•ˆμ „μ€ μ§€ν‚€λŠ” μ²™λ§Œ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆκ³  μ•ˆμ „μ— λŒ€ν•œ 도덕적 μ±…μž„κ°μ„ 가지고 개개인이 μžμ‹ μ΄ λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” 직원듀이 저지λ₯΄λŠ” λΆˆμ•ˆμ „ν•œ 행동에 λŒ€ν•΄ ꢁ극적으둜 μ±…μž„μ„ 지고, 특히 μ•ˆμ „ κ΅μœ‘μ„ μ£Όμž…μ‹œμΌœ μ±…μž„κ°μ„ κΈ°λ₯΄κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 것이닀.

4. WORKER’S SAFETY RESPONSIBILITY:근무자 μ•ˆμ „ 의무

a. Although the supervisor of any operation is the key individual in accident prevention, the application of safety principles is a responsibility to be shared by the workers and the supervisor alike, because everyone is affected by the success or failure of the application of these safety principles.

λͺ¨λ“  μ—…λ¬΄μ˜ κ°λ…μžκ°€ 사고λ₯Ό μ˜ˆλ°©ν•˜λŠ” 핡심 μΈλ¬Όμ΄κΈ°λŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜, μ•ˆμ „ μ›μΉ™μ˜ μ μš©μ€ κ°λ…μžμ™€ 같이 λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ¨λ“  κ·Όλ¬΄μžλ“€μ—κ²Œλ„ 적용이 λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λͺ¨λ“  μ§μ›μ˜ μ•ˆμ „μ›μΉ™ 적용이 성곡 λ˜λŠ” μ‹€νŒ¨λ‘œ 인해 영ν–₯을 λ°›κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€.

All personnel must observe the safety regulations and standards that have been established to prevent injury to persons and damage to property and equipment.

μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 뢀상 그리고 μžμ‚°κ³Ό μž₯비에 손싀을 μ˜ˆλ°©ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ„€λ¦½λœ μ•ˆμ „ κ·œμ • λ˜λŠ” 기쀀을 μ£Όμ‹œν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€.

b. The following are 10 safety rules that can be used to eliminate accidents and increase production:

μ•„λž˜ 사항듀은 사고λ₯Ό μ œκ±°ν•˜κ³  생산성을 높이기 μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” μ—΄ 가지 μ•ˆμ „ κ·œμΉ™λ“€μ΄λ‹€.

(1) Follow instructions, ask questions, and take no chances.μ§€μ‹œ 사항을 잘 λ”°λ₯΄κ³  μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•˜λΌ. 그리고 μš΄μ— 맑기지 μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€.

(2) Correct and/or report all unsafe conditions.λͺ¨λ“  λΆˆμ•ˆμ „ν•œ μƒνƒœμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ‹œμ •μ‘°μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ·¨ν•˜κ³  λ³΄κ³ ν•œλ‹€.

(3) Keep all tools and equipment clean and orderly.λͺ¨λ“  μ—°μž₯κ³Ό μž₯λΉ„λŠ” κΉ¨λ—ν•˜κ³  μ§ˆμ„œ μ •μ—°ν•˜κ²Œ λ³΄κ΄€ν•œλ‹€.

(4) Use all tools and equipment for the job for which they were intended.

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업무에 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μ—°μž₯κ³Ό μž₯λΉ„λŠ” κ·Έ λͺ©μ μ— 맞게 μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€.(5) Report all injuries promptly and get first-aid immediately when required.

λͺ¨λ“  뢀상은 μ¦‰μ‹œ λ³΄κ³ ν•˜κ³  ν•„μš” μ‹œ μ¦‰κ°μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‘κΈ‰μ²˜μΉ˜λ₯Ό ν–‰ν•œλ‹€.(6) Use the prescribed personal protective equipment.

μ§€μ •λœ 개인 보호 μž₯λΉ„λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€.(7) Use, adjust, or repair equipment only when authorized to do so.κΆŒν•œμ΄ μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ§Œμ΄ μž₯λΉ„λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©, μ‘°μ • λ˜λŠ” 보수 μž‘μ—…μ„ ν–‰ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.

(8) Do not engage in horseplay and do not distract others.μ†Œλž€μ„ ν”Όμš°μ§€ μ•Šκ³  업무 쀑인 λ‹€λ₯Έ 직원을 λ°©ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€.

(9) When lifting, bend the knees, not the back; get help for heavy or awkward loads.물건을 λ“€μ–΄μ˜¬λ¦΄ λ•ŒλŠ” λ¬΄λ¦Žμ„ ꡽히고 ν—ˆλ¦¬λŠ” ꡬ뢀리지 μ•ŠμœΌλ©° 무거운

λ¬Όκ±΄μ΄λ‚˜ μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜κΈ° κ³€λž€ν•œ μˆ˜ν•˜λ¬Όμ„ λ‹€λ£° λ•Œμ—λŠ” 도움을 μ²­ν•œλ‹€. (10) Comply with all safety rules and observe all safety signs.

λͺ¨λ“  μ•ˆμ „ κ·œμ •μ„ μ€€μˆ˜ν•˜κ³  λͺ¨λ“  μ•ˆμ „ κ΄€λ ¨ 징후λ₯Ό κ΄€μ°°ν•œλ‹€.

5. BASIC CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS ON THE JOB. More than one factor is usually involved when an accident occurs. Generally, a series of events combine to produce an accident. Accidents will continue to occur until the supervisor recognizes the acts and conditions that cause them. Most accidents are man-caused and therefore within our control; they can be grouped into the following three categories:

업무 쀑 μ‚¬κ³ μ˜ 기본적인 원인듀. ν•˜λ‚˜ μ΄μƒμ˜ μš”μΈμ΄ 사고 λ°œμƒμ˜ 원인에 ν¬ν•¨λœλ‹€. 일반적으둜, 일련의 행동듀이 사고 λ°œμƒμœΌλ‘œ μ΄μ–΄μ§€κ²Œ λœλ‹€. μ‚¬κ³ λŠ” κ°λ…μžκ°€ μ‚¬κ³ μš”μΈμ΄ λ˜λŠ” 행동과 쑰건을 인식할 λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ κ³„μ†ν•˜μ—¬ λ°œμƒν•  것이닀. λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‚¬κ³ λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ— μ˜ν•΄ λ°œμƒν•˜λ©° κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ 우리 κ°λ…μžμ˜ ν†΅μ œ ν•˜μ— μžˆλŠ” 것이닀; μ‚¬κ³ λŠ” λ‹€μŒμ˜ λ²”μ£Ό μ•ˆμ— 속할 수 μžˆλ‹€.

a. Unsafe Personality Traits and Attitudes. People with certain personality traits and attitudes are more apt to cause accidents than are those without them. An individual may have a violent temper; he/she may be reckless, nervous, excitable, inconsiderate, or generally indifferent to the events that would cause concern in most. Persons with these traits requirespecial attention and bear careful watching when working in a potentially hazardous situation.

μ•ˆμ „μ„ 지킀지 μ•ŠλŠ” 개인적 νŠΉμ„± 및 μžμ„Έ. μ–΄λ– ν•œ νŠΉμ„±κ³Ό μžμ„Έλ₯Ό 가진 κ°œμΈμ—κ²ŒλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 그렇지 μ•Šμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ³΄λ‹€ 더 사고λ₯Ό 많이 λ°œμƒμ‹œν‚€λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆλ‹€. κΈ‰ν•œ μ„±λ―Έλ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€; μ‹ μ€‘ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³ , 신경이 κ³Όλ―Όν•˜κ³ , ν₯뢄을 μž˜ν•˜κ³ , 사렀 κΉŠμ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λ©° λ˜λŠ” 일반적으둜 사건듀에 λ¬΄κ΄€μ‹¬ν•˜μ—¬ 사고λ₯Ό 잘 μΌμœΌν‚¨λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ νŠΉμ„±μ„ 가진 μ‚¬λžŒμ€ νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 관심이 ν•„μš”ν•˜κ³  업무 μˆ˜ν–‰ μ‹œ 잠재적인 μœ„ν—˜ 상황을 λŒ€λΉ„ν•˜μ—¬ μ‘°μ‹¬μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ 관찰을 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€.

b. Unsafe Acts. Unsafe acts include such behavior as starting machinery without warning/training, walking or standing under suspended loads, removing machine guards, operating machines without authority, making safety devices inoperative, using unsafe equipment, operating or working at unsafe speeds, failing to wear prescribed personal protective equipment and apparel.

λΆˆμ•ˆμ „ν•œ 행동 . 주의/ꡐ윑 없이 기계λ₯Ό μž‘λ™μ‹œν‚€κ±°λ‚˜ 맀달린 μˆ˜ν•˜λ¬Ό λ°‘μ—μ„œ κ±Έμ–΄λ‹€λ‹ˆκ±°λ‚˜ μ„œ μžˆλ‹€λ˜μ§€, 기계 잠금μž₯치λ₯Ό μ œκ±°ν•œλ‹€λ“ μ§€, μž‘λ™ κΆŒν•œμ΄ μ—†λŠ” 기계λ₯Ό

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μž‘λ™μ‹œν‚€κ³ , μ•ˆμ „ μž₯치λ₯Ό μž‘λ™μ‹œν‚€μ§€ μ•Šκ³  λΆˆμ•ˆμ „ν•œ μž₯λΉ„λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©°, λΆˆμ•ˆμ „ν•œ μ†λ„λ‘œ μž‘μ—…μ„ ν•˜κ³ , κ·œμ •λœ λŒ€λ‘œ 개인 보호 μž₯비와 μ˜λ³΅μ„ μ°©μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 행동을 예둜 λ“€ 수 μžˆλ‹€.

c. Unsafe Conditions. Unsafe conditions include such hazardous situations as the absence of guardrails; unguarded gears, chains, and belts; unguarded fans; flammable material; poorly designed or constructed machinery; poor layout of the working area or shop; defective tools and machinery; and inadequate or unsuitable lighting.

λΆˆμ•ˆμ „ν•œ μƒνƒœ. κ°€λ“œλ ˆμΌμ΄ μ—†κ±°λ‚˜; 보호망이 μ„€μΉ˜ λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ κΈ°μ–΄, 체인 그리고 벨트; 방호망이 μ—†λŠ” 선풍기; κ°€μ—°μ„± 물질; ν˜•νŽΈμ—†μ΄ λ””μžμΈ λ˜κ±°λ‚˜ 제쑰된 기계; 효율적이 λͺ»ν•˜κ²Œ 배치된 μž‘μ—…μž₯ λ˜λŠ” 곡μž₯; 결함이 μžˆλŠ” μ—°μž₯μ΄λ‚˜ 기계; 그리고 μ μ ˆν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ‘°λͺ… 등이 ν¬ν•¨λœ μœ„ν—˜ν•œ ν™˜κ²½.

The supervisor must be constantly alert to correct such unsafe mechanical/physical conditions.

κ°λ…μžλŠ” λΆˆμ•ˆμ „ν•œ 기계적/물리적 μƒνƒœλ₯Ό μ‹œμ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ κ²½κ³  ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€.

As stated earlier, approximately 90 percent of all accidents are caused by unsafe human acts. Ten percent are caused by unsafe mechanical/physical conditions, thus all accidents are preventable. It has been demonstrated that at least half of the preventable accidents can be averted through a systematic inspection program. (See paragraph 8, "SAFETY INSPECTIONS").μ•žμ— λͺ…μ‹œν–ˆλ“―이, μ‚¬κ³ μ˜ 거의 90 νΌμ„ΌνŠΈλŠ” λΆˆμ•ˆμ „ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ ν–‰λ™μ—μ„œ λΉ„λ‘―λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€κ³ 

ν•œλ‹€. λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 10 νΌμ„ΌνŠΈλŠ” λΆˆμ•ˆμ „ν•œ 기계적/물리적 μƒνƒœ λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ―€λ‘œ λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬κ³ λŠ” 예방이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€κ³  ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 이 예방 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 사고듀 쀑 절반 이상이 체계적인 점검 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ 톡해 방지가 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μž…μ¦λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€.

6. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS. The supervisor is responsible for maintaining a safe, healthy working environment for all the workers under his/her control. He/she is obligated to eliminate all hazards that develop within his/her area of responsibility. He/she is responsible for ensuring that:

ν™˜κ²½ 쑰건. κ°λ…μžλŠ” μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ³ , 보건적인 μž‘μ—…ν™˜κ²½μ„ μžμ‹ μ˜ λ‹΄λ‹Ή ν•˜μ— μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  직원듀을 μœ„ν•΄ μœ μ§€ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  μ˜λ¬΄κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. κ°λ…μžλŠ” μžμ‹ μ΄ λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” μž‘μ—…μž₯ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•œ λͺ¨λ“  μœ„ν—˜ 상황을 μ œκ±°ν•  μ˜λ¬΄κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. λ‹€μŒμ„ λͺ…μ‹œν•œλ‹€.

a. Belts, fans, exposed gears, moving shafts, and all moving parts of machinery are guarded.벨트, 팬, λ…ΈμΆœλœ κΈ°μ–΄, 이동식 μ†μž‘μ΄μ™€ λͺ¨λ“  κΈ°κ³„μ˜ μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” 뢀뢄은 λ³΄ν˜Έλ§μ„

μ”Œμš΄λ‹€.

b. Good housekeeping is maintained and the working area is kept clean and tidy.μž‘μ—… ꡬ역이 κΉ¨λ—ν•˜κ³  μ§ˆμ„œ μ •μ—°ν•˜κ²Œ μœ μ§€λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€ 확인 ν•œλ‹€.

c. Safety rules are posted for each operation.각 μž‘μ—…λ§ˆλ‹€ μ•ˆμ „ κ·œμΉ™λ“€μ΄ κ²Œμž¬λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ”μ§€ ν™•μΈν•œλ‹€.

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d. Equipment used is safety-designed and in proper working condition.μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μž₯λΉ„λŠ” μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ²Œ μ„€κ³„λœ λŒ€λ‘œ 잘 μž‘λ™ λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€.

e. Tools and equipment are used correctly and for the job intended.μ—°μž₯κ³Ό μž₯λΉ„λŠ” μž‘μ—… μ˜λ„μ— 맞게 λ°”λ₯΄κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€.

f. Moving machinery is properly painted and stenciled, according to safety standards.μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” κΈ°κ³„λŠ” μ•ˆμ „ κ·œμ •μ— 따라 μ μ ˆν•˜κ²Œ 색을 μΉ ν•˜κ³  μŠ€ν…μ‹€ ν•œλ‹€.

g. All workers operate in a safe manner without being a hazard to themselves or their fellow workers.

λͺ¨λ“  κ·Όλ¬΄μžλ“€μ€ μžμ‹ μ΄λ‚˜ λ™λ£Œ μ§μ›μ—κ²Œ ν•΄κ°€ λ˜μ§€ μ•Šλ„λ‘ μ•ˆμ „ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μž‘μ—…μ„ ν•œλ‹€.

7. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT:개인 보호 μž₯λΉ„

a. Operational Hazards. Many specialized industrial operation areas contain hazards that are difficult to eliminate. Examples of such hazards are flying particles, falling objects, flammable substances, poisonous vapors or fumes, acids or caustics.

운영 μœ„ν—˜. λ§Žμ€ 전문적인 μ‚°μ—… μž‘μ—… ꡬ역은 μ œκ±°ν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ €μš΄ μœ„ν—˜ 상황을 ν¬ν•¨ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ μœ„ν—˜μ˜ μ˜ˆλŠ” λΉ„λž˜ 파편, λ‚™ν•˜λ¬Ό, κ°€μ—°μ„±μ˜ 물질, μœ λ…μ„± 증기 및 κ°€μŠ€, μ‚°μ„± 물질 λ˜λŠ” 뢀식성 λ¬Όμ§ˆμ΄λ‹€.

b. Operational Hazards Control. The best precaution to take against these hazards is to develop operating procedures that ensure positive control so that the hazards do not progress from "potential" to "actual". If, after taking all practicable safety measures, the hazards still exist, then a different approach must be taken to ensure the safety of the operating personnel. Detailed studies must be made of the existing and potential hazards to determine the types and quantity of personal protective equipment needed. Assistance should be obtained from personnel qualified in the operation of the area under study, and the Collateral Duty Safety Officer (CDSO) or Additional Duty Safety Officer (ADSO) should always be involved in the study.

운영 μœ„ν—˜ ν†΅μ œ. 이 μœ„ν—˜μƒν™©λ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ°€μž₯ μ΅œμ„ μ˜ μ˜ˆλ°©μ±…μ€ 운용 μƒμ˜ 절차λ₯Ό μ„Έμ›Œ μœ„ν—˜μƒν™©μ΄ 잠재적인 κ²ƒμ—μ„œ μ‹€μ œμ μΈ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μžλΌμ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것이닀. λ§Œμ•½ μ‹€ν–‰ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  μ•ˆμ „ μ‘°μΉ˜λ“€μ„ ν–‰ν•œ 뒀에도 μœ„ν—˜μƒν™©μ΄ κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€λ©΄, 운영 μ§μ›μ˜ μ•ˆμ „μ„ μœ„ν•΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ 방법을 써야 ν•œλ‹€. ν˜„μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” 그리고 일어날 수 μžˆλŠ” μœ„ν—˜μƒν™©μ„ λ°ν˜€ λ‚΄μ–΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ 개인 보호 μž₯λΉ„μ˜ μ’…λ₯˜μ™€ 양을 μ•Œμ•„ λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 세뢀적인 연ꡬ가 ν–‰ν•΄μ Έμ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. 연ꡬ할 λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μš΄μ˜μ€ μžκ²©μ„ κ°–μΆ˜ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œμ„œ μ–»μ–΄ 지원을 ν•΄μ•Όν•˜κ³  CDSO 및 ADSO 도 항상 연ꡬ에 μ°Έμ—¬ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€.

c. Personal Protective Equipment. The use of personal protective equipment will not eliminate safety hazards, (replace safeguards or stop acts), but it will provide more security for a worker in a hazard area. The supervisor will notify the collateral duty safety officer (CDSO) or Additional Duty Safety Officer (ADSO) if he/she feels additional protective equipment is required. A CDSO or ADSO will discuss the operation with the supervisor, bring in other specialized personnel (Safety Specialist, Industrial Hygienist, etc) if necessary, and determine the

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type of protection required. It is preferred that additional safeguards be added on the machines and equipment. Substituting personal protective equipment for machine guarding or rearranging or relocating work may actually create additional hazards. Protective equipment does not prevent accidents; it only makes an accident less likely and guards against the severity of the accident or injury.

개인 보호 μž₯λΉ„. 개인 보호 μž₯λΉ„λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것이 (μ•ˆμ „ μž₯치λ₯Ό λŒ€μ²΄ 및 행동 λ©ˆμΆ”κΈ°) 사고 μœ„ν—˜μ„ μ œκ±°ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ§€λ§Œ 업무 쀑 μœ„ν—˜ κ΅¬μ—­μ—μ„œ μž‘μ—… 쀑인 κ·Όλ¬΄μžμ—κ²Œ 더 λ‚˜μ€ μ•ˆμ „μ„ 보μž₯ν•΄μ€€λ‹€. κ°λ…μžλŠ” 좔가적인 보호 μž₯λΉ„κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•œ 상황이라고 νŒλ‹¨ν•˜λ©΄ CDSO λ˜λŠ” ADSO μ—κ²Œ μ•Œλ¦°λ‹€. CDSO λ˜λŠ” ADSO λŠ” κ°λ…μžμ™€ ν•„μš” μ‹œ μ•ˆμ „κ³Όμ˜ μ•ˆμ „κ΄€, μ‚°μ—… μœ„μƒ μ „λ¬Έκ°€ 등을 λ°λ €μ™€μ„œ μ–΄λ–€ νƒ€μž…μ˜ 보호 μž₯λΉ„κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•œμ§€ μ˜λ…Όν•˜μ—¬ κ²°μ •ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 보톡 좔가적인 μ•ˆμ „λ³΄ν˜Έμž₯치λ₯Ό 기계와 μž₯비에 μž₯μ°©ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ„ ν˜Έν•œλ‹€. 기계 보호μž₯치, μž¬μ •λΉ„ λ˜λŠ” 재배치 μž‘μ—…μ„ μœ„ν•œ 개인 보호 μž₯λΉ„μ˜ λŒ€μ²΄ν’ˆλ“€μ€ 좔가적인 μœ„ν—˜μ„ μœ λ°œν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€. 보호 μž₯λΉ„λŠ” 사고λ₯Ό μ˜ˆλ°©ν•΄μ£Όμ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©° 보호 μž₯λΉ„λŠ” 였직 사고 λ˜λŠ” λΆ€μƒμ˜ μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 정도λ₯Ό 쀄여쀄 뿐이닀.

d. Use and Care of Personal Protective Equipment. The supervisor is responsible for ensuring that his/her personnel wear and use their personal protective equipment when circumstances require their use. To ensure that personnel take care of their equipment, the supervisor should check it periodically.

개인 보호 μž₯λΉ„μ˜ μ‚¬μš©κ³Ό 관리. κ°λ…μžλŠ” 개인 보호 μž₯λΉ„μ˜ 착용이 ν•„μš”ν•  λ•Œμ— 직원듀이 보호 μž₯λΉ„λ₯Ό μ°©μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것을 확인할 μ˜λ¬΄κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. 직원듀이 μžμ‹ μ˜ 보호 μž₯λΉ„λ₯Ό 잘 κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ κ°λ…μžκ°€ 주기적으둜 이λ₯Ό 체크해야 ν•œλ‹€.

8. SAFETY INSPECTIONS:μ•ˆμ „ 점검

a. Supervisory Inspection. In order to keep accidents to a minimum, the supervisor must use one of the oldest tools in the history of accident prevention: safety inspections, when a supervisor cannot make all of the safety inspections himself/herself, he/she must delegate that duty. Inspection teams, committees, or individual inspectors should be specially selected; they should be capable of performing the inspection in a professional manner, and must be able to speak with the full authority of the supervisor. Regardless of how many safety inspections are made by other agencies, a good supervisor must have a continuing inspection schedule in order to maintain an accident-free operation.

κ°λ…μ˜ 점검. 사고λ₯Ό μ΅œμ†Œ μˆ˜μ€€μœΌλ‘œ μœ μ§€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄, κ°λ…μžλŠ” λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ 사고 μ˜ˆλ°©μ„ μœ„ν•΄ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ•ˆμ „ 점검을 μ‹€μ‹œν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. κ°λ…μžκ°€ ν˜Όμžμ„œ λͺ¨λ“  μ•ˆμ „ 점검을 λͺ»ν•  경우λ₯Ό λŒ€λΉ„ν•˜μ—¬, μžμ‹ μ˜ λŒ€λ¦¬μΈμ„ 정해두어야 ν•œλ‹€. 점검 νŒ€, μœ„μ›νšŒ λ˜λŠ” 개인 μ κ²€μžκ°€ νŠΉλ³„νžˆ μ„ νƒλœλ‹€; 이듀은 전문적인 μžμ„Έλ‘œ 점검을 μ‹€μ‹œν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜λ©° 점검 μ‹€μ‹œ ν›„ κ°λ…μžμ—κ²Œ μžμ‹ μ˜ 점검 결과에 λŒ€ν•΄ 낱낱이 말할 수 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. μ•ˆμ „ μ κ²€μ˜ κ°œμˆ˜μ™€λŠ” 관계없이, ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ κ°λ…μžλŠ” 무사고 μž‘μ—…μž₯을 μœ μ§€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ§€μ†λ˜λŠ” 점검 μŠ€μΌ€μ€„μ„ 가지고 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€.

b. Value of Safety Inspections. For hazards to be eliminated they must first be identified. Systematic inspections by competent personnel will quickly reveal most of the hazardous

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conditions, which can be corrected before an accident occurs. Inspections are also valuable in helping to control the unsafe practices of individuals.

μ•ˆμ „ μ κ²€μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±. μœ„ν—˜ μš”μΈμ„ μ œκ±°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” λ¨Όμ € μ–΄λ–€ μœ„ν—˜μ΄ μžˆλŠ”μ§€ νŒŒμ•…ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. 유λŠ₯ν•œ 직원에 μ˜ν•΄ ν–‰ν•΄μ§€λŠ” 체계적인 μ κ²€μ΄μ•Όλ§λ‘œ 사고가 λ°œμƒν•˜κΈ° 전에 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ‹œμ •ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 점검은 λ˜ν•œ μ§μ›λ“€μ˜ λΆˆμ•ˆμ „ν•œ μŠ΅κ΄€μ„ ν†΅μ œν•˜λŠ” 데에도 도움이 λœλ‹€.

c. Checklists. Each supervisor should develop a unique checklist to assist in the safety inspection within his/her organization. The checklist should contain a list of general safety matters and items that apply to the specialized activities within his/her operation. As inspections are performed and new potential hazards are discovered, the checklist should be modified to include them. This will keep the checklist constantly current. The Garrison Safety Office is a good source to assist with checklist development.

μ κ²€ν‘œ. 각 κ°λ…μžλŠ” μžμ‹ μ˜ 쑰직 λ‚΄μ—μ„œ μ‹€μ‹œν•˜λŠ” μ•ˆμ „ 점검 λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  고유의 μ κ²€ν‘œλ₯Ό κ°œλ°œν•˜μ—¬μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. μ κ²€ν‘œλŠ” κ°λ…μž, μžμ‹ μ˜ 업무 λ‚΄ μ „λ¬Έν™” 된 일반적인 μ•ˆμ „ λ¬Έμ œμ™€ μ•„μ΄ν…œμ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. 점검을 μ‹€μ‹œν•˜μ—¬ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 잠재 μœ„ν—˜μ΄ λ°œκ²¬λ˜λŠ” λŒ€λ‘œ μ κ²€ν‘œμ— ν¬ν•¨μ‹œμΌœ κ°œμ„ ν•œλ‹€. 이것은 μ κ²€ν‘œλ₯Ό μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ νš¨ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄μ€€λ‹€. 개리슨 μ•ˆμ „κ³Όμ—μ„œ μ κ²€ν‘œ κ°œλ°œμ„ μœ„ν•œ μœ μš©ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό 얻을 수 μžˆλ‹€.

d. Use of Inspection Information. After a few inspections a supervisor will have valuable information available for use in safety training and orientation of newly assigned personnel. Safety hazards that were not known to exist will be discovered and eliminated. Soon the goal of reducing accidents to a minimum will be reached, and the supervisor will maintain better control over potential hazard areas.

점검 ν›„ μ •λ³΄μ˜ μ‚¬μš©. λͺ‡ 개의 점검 후에 κ°λ…μžλŠ” μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ 얻은 정보듀을 μ•ˆμ „ κ΅μœ‘μ΄λ‚˜ μƒˆλ‘­κ²Œ 배치된 μ§μ›μ˜ μ˜€λ¦¬μ—”ν…Œμ΄μ…˜μ„ μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ˜ 잠재적인 μ•ˆμ „ μœ„ν—˜μ΄ 발견되면 사전에 μ œκ±°ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 곧 사고λ₯Ό μ΅œμ†Œν•œμœΌλ‘œ μ€„μ΄λ €λŠ” λͺ©ν‘œκ°€ 달성이 되면 κ°λ…μžλŠ” 잠재적인 μœ„ν—˜ ꡬ역에 λŒ€ν•΄ 보닀 λ‚˜μ€ ν†΅μ œλ₯Ό μœ μ§€ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.

9. ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING:사고 쑰사와 보고:

a. Purpose of Accident Investigation . Every accident indicates an abnormal situation. The purpose of an accident investigation is to determine the acts or conditions that caused the accident. One valuable tool in accident prevention is a thorough accident investigation program. The conditions or acts responsible for an accident are usually the same as those that have caused accidents in the past or will cause accidents in the future. Therefore, before the supervisor's investigation is completed it should uncover all the causes of the accident.

사고 μ‘°μ‚¬μ˜ λͺ©μ . λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬κ³ λŠ” 비정상적인 상황을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Έλ‹€. 사고 μ‘°μ‚¬μ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ 사고λ₯Ό μœ λ°œν•˜λŠ” 행동 λ˜λŠ” μƒνƒœλ₯Ό λ°ν˜€λ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 것이닀. 사고 쑰사에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μœ μš©ν•œ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 방법은 사고 쑰사 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄λ‹€. 사고와 관계가 μžˆλŠ” μƒνƒœ λ˜λŠ” 행동은 보톡 과거에 사고λ₯Ό μœ λ°œν•˜μ˜€κ±°λ‚˜ λ―Έλž˜μ— 사고λ₯Ό μœ λ°œμ‹œν‚¬ 것이닀. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ, κ°λ…μžμ˜ 쑰사가 μ™„λ£Œλ˜κΈ° 전에 μ‚¬κ³ μ˜ 원인을 μ°Ύμ•„λ‚΄μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€.

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b. Responsibility. The supervisor is responsible for the investigation and reporting of all accidents that occur within his/her shop or work area. Supervisors shall promptly investigate and report to the Garrison Safety Office:

μ±…μž„. κ°λ…μžλŠ” μžμ‹ μ˜ 곡μž₯ λ˜λŠ” μž‘μ—…μž₯ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  사고에 λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜κ³  보고해야 ν•˜λŠ” 의무λ₯Ό 가진닀. κ°λ…μžλŠ” μ¦‰μ‹œ 사고 쑰사에 μ°©μˆ˜ν•˜κ³  개리슨 μ•ˆμ „κ³Όμ— λ³΄κ³ ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•œλ‹€.

(1) Any military and civilian personnel (military on-duty or off-duty, civilians’ occupationally related mishaps) injury/fatality accidents.

λͺ¨λ“  ꡰ사 및 민간인 μ§μ›μ˜ (볡무 μ€‘μ΄κ±°λ‚˜ 근무 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ λλ‚œ ν›„μ˜ ꡰ인과 λ―Όκ°„μΈμ˜ 직업과 κ΄€λ ¨λœ 사건) 뢀상/μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 사고

(2) Any mishap which results in government property damage involving a repair or replacement cost.

수리 및 ꡐ체 λΉ„μš©μ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•œ μ •λΆ€ μž¬μ‚°μ˜ ν”Όν•΄λ₯Ό μ€€ λͺ¨λ“  사고(3) Any Government Military Vehicle (GMV) damage.

λͺ¨λ“  ꡰ용 μ°¨λŸ‰μ˜ νŒŒμ†

c. Investigation and Reporting. A safety investigation of every mishap, major or minor, must be conducted. This investigation is initiated by the supervisor who shall report by phone or in person immediately (within 4 hrs), and with sufficient information (i.e. who, what, when, where, why and how it happened), to the Garrison Safety Officer giving details to the Preliminary Accident Report Information (PARI). For all Class C, accidents, the initial report will be followed, by a written report, DA Form 285-AB (AGAR) within 60 days. For Class D and Class E accidents, a DA Form 285-AB (AGAR) will be submitted to the safety office within 15 days. For Class A and Class B accidents an accident investigation committee will be appointed in writing by IMCOM Pacific to conduct a formal accident investigation. For more information, refer to USAG RC and Area I Pam 385-1, Chapter 2.

쑰사와 보고. 크던 μž‘λ˜κ°„μ— λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬κ³ λŠ” μ•ˆμ „ 쑰사λ₯Ό μ‹€μ‹œν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. 이 μ‘°μ‚¬λŠ” κ°λ…μžκ°€ μ „ν™”λ‘œ λ˜λŠ” μ¦‰μ‹œ 직접 λ³΄κ³ ν•˜λŠ”κ²ƒ λΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘λ˜λ©° (4 μ‹œκ°„ 이내) μœ‘ν•˜μ›μΉ™μ— 맞고 논리 μ •μ—°ν•˜κ²Œ μ˜ˆλΉ„ 사고 λ³΄κ³ μ„œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ•ˆμ „κ³Όμž₯μ—κ²Œ λ³΄κ³ ν•˜μ—¬μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. λͺ¨λ“  Class C μ‚¬κ³ λŠ” 초기 보고λ₯Ό ν•œν›„, μ„œλ©΄μœΌλ‘œ 된 λ³΄κ³ μ„œ DA Form 285-AB (AGAR)λ₯Ό 60 일 이내에, Class D 와 Class E 의 사고 λΆ€λ₯˜λŠ” λ³΄κ³ μ„œ DA Form 285-AB (AGAR) λ₯Ό 15 일 이내에 μ•ˆμ „κ³Όλ‘œ 보내야 ν•œλ‹€. Class A 와 Class B 사고 λΆ€λ₯˜λŠ” IMCOM Pacific 에 μ˜ν•΄ μ„œλ©΄μœΌλ‘œ μœ„μž„λœ 사고 쑰사 μœ„μ›νšŒμ—μ„œ μ •μ‹μ˜ 사고 쑰사가 이루어진닀. 쒀더 μžμ„Έν•œ μ •λ³΄λŠ” USAG RC and Area I Pam 385-1, Chapter2 λ₯Ό μ°Έμ‘°ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•œλ‹€.

d. Timeliness. Accident investigation cannot be conducted from behind a desk. Investigations must be accomplished at the scene of the accident and as soon as possible after the incident. This will ensure that the facts are accurate, since they will still be clear in the minds of witnesses and those involved or responsible for the accident.

μ μ‹œμ„±. 사고 μ‘°μ‚¬λŠ” κ±΄μ„±μœΌλ‘œ ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ•ˆλœλ‹€. μ‘°μ‚¬λŠ” 사고 직후 μ΅œλŒ€ν•œ 빨리 사고 ν˜„μž₯μ—μ„œ μ‹€μ‹œλ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. 이것은 사싀적인 μš”μ†Œλ“€μ„ 보닀 μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ 얻을 수 있고, 더 빨리 μ‹€μ‹œν• μˆ˜λ‘ λͺ©κ²©μžλ“€μ˜ 기얡에 μ˜ν•œ μ •λ³΄λŠ” λ”μš± μ •ν™•ν•˜λ‹€.

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e. Accident Investigation Procedures. When an accident does occur, the following steps must be taken:

사고 쑰사 절차. 사고 λ°œμƒ μ‹œ λ‹€μŒ μ ˆμ°¨μ— μ˜ν•΄ 쑰사λ₯Ό μ‹€μ‹œν•œλ‹€.

(1) Take care of any injuries.λΆ€μƒμžκ°€ μžˆλŠ” 지 ν™•μΈν•˜κ³  μ‘κΈ‰μ²˜μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ‹€μ‹œν•œλ‹€.

(2) If vehicles are involved, contact the Provost Marshal Office.μ°¨λŸ‰μ— κ΄€κ³„λœ μ‚¬κ³ λŠ” ν—Œλ³‘λŒ€μ— μ—°λ½ν•œλ‹€.

(3) Obtain specific information - who, what, when, where, why, and how?μœ‘ν•˜μ›μΉ™μ— 맞게 정보λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•œλ‹€.

(4) Determine the primary cause and contributing causes.μ£Όμš” 원인과 기타 κ΄€λ ¨λœ 원인듀을 λ°ν˜€λ‚Έλ‹€.

(5) Obtain estimates of damages to materials and equipment and the extent of any injuries.

물질과 μž₯λΉ„ 그리고 λΆ€μƒμ˜ 정도에 λ”°λ₯Έ 손싀 μ˜ˆμƒκΈˆμ•‘μ„ μΆ”μ •ν•œλ‹€.(6) Initiate the necessary corrective action.

ν•„μš”ν•œ μ‹œμ • μ‘°μΉ˜μ— μ°©μˆ˜ν•œλ‹€.(7) Notify the Safety Office.

μ•ˆμ „κ³Όμ— μ•Œλ¦°λ‹€.

f. Value of Accident Investigation Information. The facts gathered during an accident investigation should be the basis for action to eliminate or to improve the conditions that caused that accident. This information is also valuable for job training and instruction; it is especially useful in teaching newly assigned personnel. A thorough study of accident investigation could result in the obtaining of better equipment, the modifying of existing machine and shop layout, or the establishing of a new method of improved efficiency. Through proper accident investigation and an analysis of investigation data, the supervisor, CDSO/ADSO, and the Safety Office should have sufficient material to develop an excellent set of accident prevention procedures.

μ•ˆμ „ 쑰사 μ •λ³΄μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±. 사고 쑰사 λ™μ•ˆ 얻은 μ •λ³΄λŠ” 사고λ₯Ό μœ λ°œν•œ μƒνƒœλ₯Ό μ œκ±°ν•˜κ³  κ°œμ„ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ κΈ°μ €κ°€ λœλ‹€. 이 μ •λ³΄λŠ” λ˜ν•œ 직원 ꡐ윑 λ˜λŠ” μ§€μ‹œ 사항에도 도움이 λœλ‹€. 이것은 특히 μƒˆλ‘­κ²Œ 배치된 직원을 κ΅μœ‘ν•˜λŠ” 데에도 μœ μš©ν•˜λ‹€. 사고 μ‘°μ‚¬μ˜ μ² μ €ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 더 λ‚˜μ€ μž₯λΉ„ μƒνƒœλ₯Ό 낳을 수 있고, ν˜„μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” 기계와 곡μž₯ 배치λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ •ν•  수 있으며 λ˜ν•œ νš¨μœ¨μ„±μ„ κ°œμ„ ν•˜λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 방식을 섀립할 수 있게 ν•œλ‹€. μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ 사고 쑰사와 쑰사 λ°μ΄ν„°μ˜ 뢄석을 톡해, CDSO/ ADSO 그리고 μ•ˆμ „κ³Όμ—μ„œλŠ” 사고 쑰사 절차의 ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ 섀립을 μœ„ν•΄ μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ λ³΄μœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€.

10. TYPES OF INJURIES:λΆ€μƒμ˜ μ’…λ₯˜:

a. Minor Injuries. Many serious accidents are caused by the same condition that caused a minor accident. A good supervisor will take a few minutes each day to check for unsafe practices that could result in injury. He/she must inform all personnel of minor injuries that have occurred and emphasize the importance of reporting all injuries.

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κ²½λ―Έν•œ 뢀상. λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‹¬κ°ν•œ μ‚¬κ³ λŠ” κ²½λ―Έν•œ 사고와 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ²Œ 된 κ²½μœ„κ°€ λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜λ‹€. ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ κ°λ…μžλŠ” 맀일 λͺ‡ λΆ„μ”© μ‹œκ°„μ„ μ¨μ„œ λΆˆμ•ˆμ „ν•œ, 뢀상을 μœ λ°œν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ΄€μŠ΅μ΄ 행해지고 μžˆμ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ€μ§€ μ²΄ν¬ν•œλ‹€. κ°λ…μžλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μ§μ›μ—κ²Œ 과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λ˜ κ²½λ―Έν•œ 뢀상듀에 κ΄€ν•΄ μ•Œλ¦¬κ³  뢀상이 μžˆμ„ μ‹œ μ¦‰μ‹œ λ³΄κ³ ν•˜λŠ” 것을 κ°•μ‘°ν•œλ‹€.

b. Limited Duty Cases. A person injured on the job and placed on limited duty by a competent medical authority is not authorized to remain off duty because of the injury. A person injured on the job should not be sent home by his/her supervisor, unless the injured individual has gone through proper medical channels.

근무 μ œν•œ μΌ€μ΄μŠ€ . 직μž₯μ—μ„œ 뢀상을 λ‹Ήν–ˆμ„ 경우 μ§€μ •λœ μ˜λ£Œμ§„μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 근무볡귀λ₯Ό μ§€μ‹œλ°›μ•˜λ‹€λ©΄ 뢀상을 λ‹Ήν–ˆλ”λΌλ„ κ·€κ°€ν•  수 μ—†λ‹€. 뢀상을 μž…μ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μ μ ˆν•œ μ˜λ£Œμ§„μ˜ 응급 쑰치λ₯Ό 받은 κ²½μš°κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλ©΄ κ°λ…μžμ˜ νŒλ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ κ·€κ°€ν•  수 μ—†λ‹€.

c. Questionable Cases. In questionable cases the supervisor is responsible for assisting in determining whether a person was actually injured on the job. The supervisor should determine whether the worker was actually engaged in a work activity that could have directly cause the injury, or a chronic condition of the worker was merely aggravated by this activity.

미심쩍은 μΌ€μ΄μŠ€. 미심쩍은 κ²½μš°μ— κ°λ…μžλŠ” 직원이 μ‹€μ œ 직μž₯μ—μ„œ 뢀상을 μž…μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•„λ‹Œμ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄μ•Ό ν•  μ˜λ¬΄κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. κ°λ…μžλŠ” 직원이 μž‘μ—…μ— μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ—°κ΄€λœ μž‘μ—…μ— μ˜ν•œ 뢀상인지, 단지 μ§μ›μ˜ λ§Œμ„±μ  μ§ˆν™˜μ΄ κ·Έ μ—…λ¬΄λ‘œ 인해 μ•…ν™”λœκ±΄μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€.

11. ACCIDENT/INJURY RATIO. In a large number of cases, it has been found that many supervisors wait until after an accident occurs before they correct the unsafe acts, practices, procedures, or conditions that cause the accident. A study of the ratio of industrial accidents to injuries showed that of 330 similar accidents, 300 produced no injury whatsoever, 29 resulted in only minor injuries, and one caused serious, disabling, or fatal injury. The major injury may come from the very first accident or any other accident in the 330. If the accidents are prevented, the injuries will not occur.

사고/ 뢀상 λΉ„μœ¨. μ‚¬κ³ μ˜ λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜κ°€, λ§Žμ€ κ°λ…μžλ“€μ΄ 사고λ₯Ό μœ λ°œν•˜λŠ” μœ„ν—˜ν•œ 행동, κ΄€μŠ΅, 절차 및 μƒνƒœλ₯Ό λ°©κ΄€ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ°ν˜€μ‘Œλ‹€. μ‚°μ—… μž¬ν•΄μ˜ λΉ„μœ¨μ„ μ—°κ΅¬ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό, 330건의 μœ μ‚¬ 사고, 300 건의 무사고, 29 건의 κ²½λ―Έν•œ 뢀상, 그리고 ν•œ 건의 μ‹¬κ°ν•œ, 재기 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ, 치λͺ…적인 λΆ€μƒμ΄λΌλŠ” κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 큰 뢀상은 330 κ±΄μ—μ„œ 초기의 사고 λ˜λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬κ³ λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 온 것일 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€. 사고λ₯Ό μ˜ˆλ°©ν•  수 있으면 뢀상 λ˜ν•œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€.

12. CORRECTIVE ACTION:μ‹œμ • 쑰치

a. The supervisor has the opportunity directly to observe personnel mistakes when they occur, and to prevent a recurrence by taking corrective action. The same process that is used to obtain proficiency on the job is used to prevent accidents. Supervisors are responsible for detecting unsafe conditions, practices, procedures, and acts, and to take corrective action to eliminate them before they cause an accident. Corrective action is extremely important. Unless

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the supervisor corrects the actions of the people and corrects hazardous conditions as soon as they are discovered, little can be done to prevent accident.

사고가 λ°œμƒν–ˆμ„λ•Œ κ°λ…μžκ°€ 직접 직원듀이 저지λ₯΄λŠ” μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό κ΄€μ°°ν•˜κ³  μ‹œμ •μ‘°μΉ˜λ₯Ό ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 재발 방지λ₯Ό μ·¨ν•  κΈ°νšŒκ°€ 주어진닀. 일에 λŠ₯λ₯ μ„ μ–»κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” λ™μΌν•œ κ³Όμ • λ˜ν•œ 사고λ₯Ό μ˜ˆλ°©ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©λœλ‹€. κ°λ…μžλŠ” λΆˆμ•ˆμ „ν•œ μƒνƒœ, κ΄€μŠ΅, 절차 그리고 행동 등을 νƒμ§€ν•˜μ—¬ 사고가 λ°œμƒν•˜κΈ° 전에 이것듀을 λ°”λ‘œμž‘μ„ μ˜λ¬΄κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. μ‹œμ • μ‘°μΉ˜λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€. κ°λ…μžκ°€ μ§μ›μ˜ 잘λͺ»λœ 행동과 μœ„ν—˜ν•œ μƒνƒœλ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•œ μ¦‰μ‹œ μ œκ±°ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄ μ•ˆλœλ‹€.

b. The following suggestions for taking corrective action may be used by supervisors:μ•„λž˜μ˜ ν•­λͺ©μ€ κ°λ…μžλ“€μ΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ‹œμ •μ‘°μΉ˜μ΄λ‹€.

(1) Personnel Adjustment. Assign workers to other types of jobs. Remove any source for grievance as soon as it is discovered.

인사 μ‘°μ •. 직원을 μ›λž˜ ν•˜λ˜ 업무와 λ‹€λ₯Έ 곳에 배치 μ‹œν‚¨λ‹€. 뢈만이 μžˆμ„ λ²•ν•œ μš”μ†ŒλŠ” 발견 μ¦‰μ‹œ 없애도둝 ν•œλ‹€.

(2) Engineering Revisions. Eliminate hazards at the source (safety guards on machines, relocating hazardous functions, improve lighting, etc.)

곡학적 μˆ˜μ •. κΈ°κ³„μ˜ μ•ˆμ „λ°©ν˜Έ, μœ ν•΄ κΈ°λŠ₯ 재배치, μ‘°λͺ… κ°œμ„  λ“±μœΌλ‘œ μœ„ν—˜ μš”μ†Œ 제거.

(3) Oral Instruction, Demonstration, Performance Test. Ensure that the personnel understand all instructions and know their safety responsibilities.

ꡬ두 μ§€μ‹œ , μ‹œλ²” , μ„±λŠ₯ ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ . 직원듀이 μžμ‹ μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  μ•ˆμ „ μ±…μž„κ³Ό μ•ˆμ „ μ§€μ‹œ 사항을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•œλ‹€.

13. CONCLUSION. The supervisor is the key person in any accident prevention effort. A safe work area will not prevail unless safety is an integral part of every operation, because the causes of accidents are the same as those that decrease efficiency and production. The supervisor is responsible for the worker's safety, as well as the care of equipment and materials. The decisions and actions (or lack of action) by the supervisor may mean the difference between accident-free operations or one in which accidents occur that may cripple people or destroy life, materials, or property. The supervisor has an obligation to his/her personnel and their dependents to do everything within his/her power to prevent accidents. The supervisors also have a direct responsibility for preventing the waste and destruction of government property and materials. Further, it is his/her duty to strive for consistency in establishing realistic safety standards within his/her activity and to take positive action when deviation from these standards is observed. Supervisors must insist that personnel comply with all safety rules.

κ²°λ‘ . κ°λ…μžλŠ” 사고λ₯Ό μ˜ˆλ°©ν•˜λ €λŠ” λ…Έλ ₯에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 핡심 인물이닀. μ•ˆμ „μ΄ λͺ¨λ“  μž‘μ—…μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ ν•„μˆ˜λ‘œ μž‘μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄ μ•ˆμ „ν•œ μž‘μ—… ꡬ역은 행해지지 μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€. μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ‚¬κ³ μ˜ 원인은 λŠ₯λ₯ κ³Ό μƒμ‚°μ„±μ˜ μ €ν•˜λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€. κ°λ…μžλŠ” μž₯비와 물질의 관리와 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ μ§μ›μ˜ μ•ˆμ „μ—λ„ μ±…μž„μ„ 가진닀. κ°λ…μžμ— μ˜ν•œ κ²°μ •κ³Ό 행동듀은 사고 μ—†λŠ” μž‘μ—…μž₯κ³Ό μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 손상을 μ£Όκ±°λ‚˜ 생λͺ…, 물질, μžμ‚°μ— 손상을 κ°€μ Έμ˜€λŠ” 사고 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 차이점이라고 말할 수 μžˆλ‹€. κ°λ…μžλŠ” μžμ‹ μ΄ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” 직원듀과

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그듀이 가쑱을 μœ„ν•΄ μžμ‹ μ΄ 가진 ꢌλ ₯을 사고 μ˜ˆλ°©μ— μŸμ„ μ˜λ¬΄κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. κ°λ…μžλŠ” λ˜ν•œ μ •λΆ€ μžμ‚°κ³Ό 물질의 λ‚­λΉ„ 및 νŒŒμ†μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ˜ˆλ°©ν•  의무λ₯Ό 가지기도 ν•œλ‹€. κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ μ•ˆμ „ κΈ°μ€€ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ νŽΈμ°¨κ°€ 발견될 μ‹œμ— μžμ‹ μ˜ μ—…λ¬΄μ—μ„œ ν˜„μ‹€μ μΈ μ•ˆμ „ κΈ°μ€€μ—μ„œ 일관성을 가지기 μœ„ν•΄ λΆ„νˆ¬ν•˜κ³  그에 λ”°λ₯Έ μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ 쑰치λ₯Ό μ·¨ν•˜λŠ” 것 λ˜ν•œ κ°λ…μžμ˜ μž„λ¬΄μ΄λ‹€. κ°λ…μžλŠ” λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ 직원듀이 λͺ¨λ“  μ•ˆμ „ κ·œμ •λ“€μ„ μ€€μˆ˜ν•˜λ„λ‘ μ£Όμž₯ν•˜μ—¬μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€.

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