usability heuristics for touchscreen-based mobile … · usability heuristics for touchscreen-based...

Usability Heuristics for Touchscreen-based Mobile Devices

Usability Heuristics for Touchscreen-based Mobile DevicesRodolfo Inostroza Carvajal

Advisor:

Dr. Cristian Rusu.

Rodolfo Inostroza Carvajal

Advisor:

Dr. Cristian Rusu.

Pontificia Universidad Católica de ValparaísoFacultad de Ingeniería

Escuela de Ingeniería Informática

Isabel Brown Caces – PUCV, Valparaíso, Chile

16-01-2012 Rodolfo Inostroza Carvajal

Contents

• Introduction– Problem definition

• Research– Goals– Methodology

• Mobile devices• Usability• Usability in touchscreen-based mobile devices• Usability heuristics proposal• Conclusions• References

Rodolfo Inostroza Carvajal16-01-2012

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION


Introduction

• Smartphones

Email

PIM

Internet Connection

+ Apps


Introduction


*Morgan Stanley (2009)

Introduction

Energy Capabilities

Processing Capabilities

Screen Size Screen Resolution

Data Input/Output Methods

Conectivity

Context of Use

New Usability?


*Zhang & Adipat (2005)

Introduction » Problem Definition

• Usability: Main attribute

– IS Quality (ISO 9126)

– IS Success (Deloan & McLean, 2003)

• Touchscreen-based Mobile Devices

– Smartphones very popular

– Large amount of functionalities

– The user interacts with the PUI.


RESEARCHRESEARCH


Research » Goals

• General Goal

– To establish a set of usability evaluation heuristics for touchscreen-based mobile devices.

• Specific Goals

– To analyze the characteristics, taxonomy, and elements of touchscreen-based mobile devices.

– To analyze usability attributes, rules, principles and evaluation methods.

– To propose a set of usability evaluation heuristics for touchscreen-based mobile devices.

– To validate the proposed set of usability evaluation heuristics for touchscreen-based mobile devices, through the use of heuristic evaluations and usability tests.


Research » Methodology


• Methodology Proposal

– “A methodology to establish usability heuristics”, C. Rusu, S. Roncagliolo, V. Rusu and C. Collazos, ACHI, pages 59–62, 2011

• Case study

MOBILE DEVICESMOBILE DEVICES


Mobile Devices » Classification

• According to Schiefer y Decker (2008), whichconsiders the following criteria:1. Size and weight

2. Input modes

3. Output modes

4. Performance

5. Kind of usage

6. Communication capabilities

7. Type of operating system

8. Expandability


Mobile Devices » Classification

• Mobile Standard PC

• Mobile Internet Devices

• Handhelds/PDA

• Smartphones

• Feature Phones

• Simple Phones

• Special Terminals


USABILITYUSABILITY


Usability » ISO 9241


• ISO defines usability as "The extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction in a specified context of use."

Usability » Nielsen’s Usability Heuristics

Visibility of system status Minimize the user's memory load

Match between system and the real world Flexibility and efficiency of use

User control and freedom Aesthetic and minimalist design

Consistency and standardsHelp users recognize, diagnose, and

recover from errors

Error prevention Help and documentation


*Jakob Nielsen (2005)

USABILITY IN TOUCHSCREEN-BASED

MOBILE DEVICES

USABILITY IN TOUCHSCREEN-BASED

MOBILE DEVICES


Usability in Touchscreen-based Mobile Devices

• Jakob Nielsen (1994)– «Usability Engineering»

• Ketola & Röykkee (2001)– User Interface Division

• 7 áreas

• Ham et al. (2009)– A framework for evaluating the usability of mobile

phones based on multi-level, hierarchical model ofusability factors.

• Zhang & Adipat (2005)– Challenges, Methodologies, and Issues in the Usability

Testing of Mobile Applications


USABILITY HEURISTICS PROPOSALUSABILITY HEURISTICS PROPOSAL


Proposal » First Iteration• Guided Inspection


Nokia X6Samsung Galaxy S

Proposal » First Iteration


• A set of 11 Heuristics was proposed

– Positive and negative aspects.

– Specialists consulting.

Proposal » First Iteration Validation


• 2 Experiments

– Ecuador:

• 4 evaluators - similar experience.– 2 use Nielsen’s heuristics

– 2 use Proposed heuristics

– Chile:

• 6 evaluators – beginners with a more experienced leader.

– 3 use Nielsen’s heuristics

– 3 use Proposed heuristics

BlackberryStorm

Nokia N97



57%

43%

Issues - 1st Experiment

Proposal (3,19)

Nielsen's (2,33)



53%47%

Issues – 2nd Experiment

Proposal (2,35)

Nielsen's (1,62)


Id Category Total Issues Severity Average

Experiment 1 2 1 2

P1Problems identified by both groups of evaluators

18 10 3,14 2,90

P2

Problems identified only by the group that used the set of heuristics defined at first iteration

21 27 3,00 2,93

P3

Problems identified only by the group that used Nielsen’s heuristics

14 23 2,68 2,39

Total 53 60


• Why?

SECOND (FINAL) ITERATIONSECOND (FINAL) ITERATION



Proposal » Second Iteration

Touchscreen-based mobile devices heuristics

Id Definition

TMD1 Visibility of system status

TMD2 Match between system and the real world

TMD3 User control and freedom

TMD4 Consistency and standardsTMD5 Error preventionTMD6 Minimize the user's memory loadTMD7 Customization and shortcutsTMD8 Efficiency of use and performanceTMD9 Aesthetic and minimalist design

TMD10Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors

TMD11 Help and documentation

TMD12 Physical interaction and ergonomics

Proposal » Presentation


TMD3

User control and freedom

• Allow undo & redo• "emergency exits"• Options should be easy to find• No long dialog sequences



TMD4

Consistency and standards• Follow established conventions• The same in the same way• Standard and consistent



TMD7

Customization and shortcuts

• The system should provide basic and advanced configuration options.

• The system should allow customizationand set shortcuts.

• The system should allow sorting and creation of groups of elements.



TMD12

Physical interaction and ergonomics

• The system should provide physicalbuttons or similar for main and/orrecurrent functions.

• They should be placed in recognizableplaces, by the user.

• Device’s dimensions, shape, weight and position of buttons or similar should fitthe normal posture of the user’s hand.

PROPOSAL VALIDATIONPROPOSAL VALIDATION


Proposal Validation


32%

11%57%

Nielsen (1,75)

Both (0,47)

Proposal (2,67)

CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORKCONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK


Conclusions and Future Work

• A methodology for developing usability heuristics– Success!

• Physical aspects affect usability!• New techniques are required

– New set of heuristics (feedback new iteration?)– New usability testing techniques

• How to design «usable» interfaces?– Design patterns

• The development of a Checklist improved theProblem Detection.


Questions?Questions?Thank you.

[email protected]

Thank you.

[email protected]

Really…You can ask QuestionsReally…You can ask QuestionsThank you.

[email protected]

Thank you.

[email protected]

REFERENCESREFERENCES


References

1. Morgan Stanley. The Mobile Internet Report. Disponible en: http://www.ms.com/techresearch, 2009.

2. Dongsong Zhang y Boonlit Adipat. Challenges, methodologies, and issues in the usability testing of mobile applications. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interaction, 18(3):293–308, 2005.

3. Jakob Nielsen. Usability Engineering. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco, California, October 1994.

4. Pekka Ketola Mika and Mika Röykkee. The three facets of usability in mobile handsets. In Proceeding of CHI 2001, Workshop, Mobile Communications: Understanding Users, Adoption & Design Sunday and Monday. ACM, 2001.

5. Dong-Han Ham, Jeongyun Heo, Sanghyun Park, Chiwon Song, and WanChul Yoon. A framework for evaluating the usability of mobile phones based on multi-level, hierarchical model of usability factors. Interact. Comput., 21:263–275, August 2009.


References

6. A. Baz, I. Ferreira, M. Álvarez, and R. García. Dispositivos Móviles. Memoria de Título Profesional de Ingeniero de Telecomunicaciónes, Universidad de Oviedo., 2009.

7. Little Springs Design. A New Device Taxonomy. Disponible en: http://www.littlespringsdesign.com/blog/2006/May/a-new-device-taxonomy/, 2006.

8. Gunther Schiefer and Michael Decker. Taxonomy for mobile terminals - a selective classification scheme. In Joaquim Filipe, David A. Marca, Boris Shishkov, and Marten van Sinderen, editors, ICE-B, pages 255–258. INSTICC Press, 2008.

9. Global Stats - Statcounter. Disponible en: http://gs.statcounter.com, revisado el 19/04/2011.

10. Jakob Nielsen. Ten Usability Heuristics. Disponible en: http://www.useit.com/papers/heuristic/heuristic_list.html, 2005.


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