usa v. keys: defense motions in limine
TRANSCRIPT
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> Jgt`ak gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk
Tgr Kekinjd, Vrg Bna S`ak
tgrFtgrkekinjd.agh
Tgr Kekinjd, V.A.
>0; Viyhgutb Qtrkkt, ;tb CiggrOrggeiyj, JP >>?6>
Tki= 2-
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? Jgt`ak gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk
>) `rrkikvnjt, spkauint`vk, njd prkmud`a`ni igss juhokrs ujrkintkd tg tbk niiklkd Aghputkr>
Crnud njd Nousk Nat (’ACNN‘) abnrlks5?
?) nii igss juhokrs okanusk tbk lgvkrjhkjt bns jgt jgt̀ akd njy kxpkrt tbnt anj suostnjt̀ ntk1
tbkh54
1) `rrkikvnjt njd prkmud`a`ni khn`is niiklkdiy skjt oy tbk dkckjdnjt tbnt nrk ujrkintkd tg tbk;
niiklkd ACNN dnhnlk njd tbnt nrk nisg `jndh`ss`oik ujdkr Ckdkrni _uik gc Kv`dkjak3
464(o)5<
4) `rrkikvnjt, prkmud`a`ni kv`dkjak gc n ?662 rkstrn`j`jl grdkr nln`jst tbk Dkckjdnjt5 njd2
;) abnt njd skrvkr igls sk`zkd crgh tbk intk Dkjj`s Gwkj Agii`js, nj uj`jd`atkd tb`rd pnrty,0
wb`ab anjjgt ok nutbkjt`antkd.>6
>>
DNTKD= Qkptkhokr 0, ?6>; _kspkatcuiiy suoh`ttkd,>?
>1
>4
>;
>3
><
/s/Tgr Kekinjd
Tgr Kekinjd
Tgr Kekinjd, V.A.
>0; Viyhgutb Qtrkkt, ;tb Ciggr
Orggeiyj, JP >>?6>
tgrFtgrkekinjd.agh
(2)
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Tgr Kekinjd, Vrg Bna S`aktgrFtgrkekinjd.aghTgr Kekinjd, V.A.
>0; Viyhgutb Qtrkkt, ;tb CiggrOrggeiyj, JP >>?6>Tki= 2-
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`` Hkhgrnjduh `j Quppgrt gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk
TNOIK GC AGJTKJTQ>
TNOIK GC N[TBG_@TKQ........................................................................................................ ```?@JT_GD[AT@GJ ........................................................................................................................ >1ONAEL_G[JD........................................................................................................................... >4IKLNI QTNJDN_D ................................................................................................................... ?;N_L[HKJT................................................................................................................................. 43
@. TBK AG[_T QBG[ID KRAI[DK TBK LGSK_JHKJT‐Q IGQQ J[HOK_Q .. 4<N. Tbk igss juhokrs nrk ̀ rrkikvnjt, spkauint`vk, njd ujduiy prkmud`à ni .................... 42O. Tbk igss juhokrs nrk ̀ hpkrh`ss`oik gp`j`gj kv`dkjak ............................................. 30
@@. TBK AG[_T QBG[ID KRAI[DK TBK ’ANJAK_HNJ KHN@IQ‘ OKAN[QK>6TBKP N_K @__KIKSNJT NJD V_KM[D@ANI................................................................ 0>>@@@. TBK AG[_T QBG[ID KRAI[DK NJP _KCK_KJAK TG N V_@G_>?
_KQT_N@J@JL G_DK_ NQ V_KM[D@A@NI NJD @__KIKSNJT............................... >6>1@S. @_A IGL C@IKQ GOTN@JKD C_GH DKJJ@Q G\KJ AGII@JQ ANJJGT OK>4N[TBKJT@ANTKD NJD N_K TBK_KCG_K @JNDH@QQ@OIK ................................... >?>;
AGJAI[Q@GJ ........................................................................................................................... >1>3
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``` Hkhgrnjduh `j Quppgrt gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk
TNOIK GC N[TBG_@TKQ>
Ansks? NtVna, @ja. v. Npt`tudk Qgiut`gjs, @ja., >6) ........................ 4, 01 OB_NA, IIA v. _klkjay Anr _kjtnis, IIA , ?6>; \I 1;3>3 (A.D. Ani. Mujk 4, ?6>;) .......... ;4 Orgd`t v. Anorn, 1;6 C.1d 02; (0tb A`r.?661) ................................................................................ ?;A & K Qkrv`aks, @ja. v. Nsbinjd @ja., ;10 C. Qupp. ?d 1>3 (D.D.A. ?662) .................................... 13Cnrhkrs @js. Kxab. v. Qtkkik @js. Nlkjay, @ja ., ?6>1 \I 126 Jkw Qbgw Qtud`gs IIA v. Jkkdik, ?6>4 \I ?022? (A.D. Ani. Mujk 16, ?6>4)......................... ;>>Gid Ab`kc v. [.Q., ;>0 [.Q. > (0tb A`r. >004), akrt dkj`kd ;>1 [.Q. >6?0 (>004)............................. 1><[.Q. v. \kstorgge , >?; C.1d 003 (002[.Q. v. Oinae , 114 (0tb A`r. >02;)................................................................................. >?>0[.Q. v. Bndiky, 0>2 C.?d 242 (0tb A`r. >006) ............................................................................... >6?6[.Q. v. Bkiikr, ;;> C.1d >>62 (0tb A`r. ?660)................................................................................. 1?>[.Q. v. Hkr`jg-Onidkrrnhn, >43 C.1d 002)........................................................................ >6??[.Q. v. _nh`rkz-_goiks, 123 C.1d >?14 (0tb A`r. ?664) ................................................................ >>?1[.Q. v. Tnje , ?66 C.1d 3?< (0tb A`r. ?666).................................................................................... >??4[.Q. v. \._. Lrnak, ;?3 C.1d 400 (0tb A`r. ?662).......................................................................... 2?;[.Q. v. Pnl ,̀ ?6>1 \I >6;1).......................................................... 2?3
Qtntutks?<>2 [.Q.A. § >616......................................................................................................................... ?, 4?2>2 [.Q.A. § 1............................................................................................................................... ??0
_uiks16Ckd. _. Ar`h. V. >3 ......................................................................................................................... Ckd. _. Kv`d. 46> ............................................................................................................................ 11?Ckd. _. Kv`d. 461 ...................................................................................................................... 1, >611Ckd. _. Kv`d. 464 .......................................................................................................................... >614Ckd. _. Kv`d. ............................................................................................................................ 31;Ckd. _. Kv`d.
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> Hkhgrnjduh `j Quppgrt gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk
@JT_GD[AT@GJ>
Dkckjdnjt Hnttbkw Ekys, tbrgulb b`s prg ogjg agujski, hgvks tg kxaiudk tbk cgiigw`jl?
kv`dkjak `t kxpkats tbk lgvkrjhkjt tg `jtrgduak nt tr`ni= >) `rrkikvnjt, spkauint`vk, njd prkmud`a`ni1
igss juhokrs ujrkintkd tg tbk niiklkd Aghputkr Crnud njd Nousk Nat (’ACNN‘) abnrlks5 ?) nii4
igss juhokrs okanusk tbk lgvkrjhkjt bns jgt jgt`akd njy kxpkrt tbnt anj suostnjt`ntk tbkh5 1);
`rrkikvnjt njd prkmud`a`ni khn`is niiklkdiy skjt oy tbk dkckjdnjt tbnt nrk ujrkintkd tg tbk niiklkd3
ACNN dnhnlk njd tbnt nrk nisg ̀ jndh`ss`oik ujdkr Ckdkrni _uik gc Kv`dkjak 464(o)5 4)<
`rrkikvnjt, prkmud`a`ni kv`dkjak gc n ?662 rkstrn`j`jl grdkr nln`jst tbk Dkckjdnjt5 njd ;) abnt njd2
skrvkr igls sk`zkd crgh tbk intk Dkjj`s Gwkj Agii`js, nj uj`jd`atkd tb`rd pnrty, wb`ab anjjgt ok0
nutbkjt`antkd.>6
ONAEL_G[JD>>
Tbk abnrlks `j tb`s ansk stkh crgh kd`ts tg gjk pnrnlrnpb gc n stgry gj tbk Igs Njlkiks>?
T`hks wkos`tk gj Dkakhokr >4, ?6>6. Tbnt dny, us`jl tbk Igs Njlkiks T`hks/Tr`oujk>1
Aghpnjy‐s agjtkjt hnjnlkhkjt systkh (’AHQ‘), tbk uskr ’jlnra`n‘ niiklkdiy nitkrkd n>4
pnrnlrnpb gc n int`hks.agh stgry. Tbk nrt`aik‐s t`tik njd oyi`jk gr`l`jniiy nppknrkd ns cgiigws=>;
Vrkssurk ou`ids ̀ j Bgusk tg pnss tnx-aut pnaenlk>3
Bgusk Dkhgarnt`a ikndkr Qtkjy Bgykr skks ‒vkry lggd tb`jls‐ `j tbk tnx -><aut dkni, wb`ab hnjy rkprkskjtnt`vks gppgsk. Out w`tb tbk o`ii skt tg aiknr>2tbk Qkjntk, rkiuatnjt Bgusk Dkhgarnts nrk ckki`jl tbk bknt tg pnss `t.>0
Oy I`sn Hnsanrg, Tr`oujk \nsb`jltgj Ourknu>?6
Nctkr tbk h`jgr kd`ts oy jlnra`n, tbk nrt`aik‐s t`tik njd oyi`jk niiklkdiy rknd=?>
> Tbk gr`l`jni nrt`aik `s st`ii nvn`inoik gj tbk Igs Njlkiks T`hks wkos`tk, skk I`sn Hnsanrg, Vrkssurk ou`ids `j bgusktg pnss tnx-aut pnaenlk, bttp=//nrt`aiks.int`hks.agh/?6>6/dka/>4/jkws/in-pj-bgykr-tnx-vgtk-?6>6>?>; (instv`s`tkd Qkpt. 0, ?6>;).
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? Hkhgrnjduh `j Quppgrt gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk
Vrkssurk ou`ids `j Bgusk tg kikat AB@VVP >11
Bgusk Dkhgarnt`a ikndkr Qtkjy Bgykr skks ‒vkry lggd tb`jls‐ `j tbk dkni?aut wb`ab w`ii skk uokr se`d Ab`ppy >11< tnek b`s r`lbtcui pinak, ns bknd gc 1
tbk Qkjntk, rkiuatnjt Bgusk Dkhgarnts tgid tg Q[AE @T [V.4Oy AB@VVPQ JG > CNJ, Tr`oujk \nsb`jltgj Ourknu?;
3Tbk wkos`tk ndh`j`strntgrs rkstgrkd tbk gr`l`jni `j ikss tbnj nj bgur. Cgr tbk cgrklg`jl, Hr. Ekys<
bns okkj abnrlkd w`tb gjk agujt gc agjsp`rnay tg v`gintk tbk Aghputkr Crnud njd Nousk Nat, ̀ j2
v`gint`gj gc >2 [.Q.A. §§ 1 njd >616(n)(;)(N)5 gjk agujt gc ejgw`jliy trnjsh`tt`jl n agdk0
w`tb tbk `jtkjt tg anusk dnhnlk tg n prgtkatkd aghputkr `j v`gint`gj gc >2 [.Q.A. §>6
>616(n)(;)(N)5 njd gjk agujt gc nttkhpt tg trnjsh`t n agdk w`tb tbk `jtkjt tg anusk dnhnlk tg n>>
prgtkatkd aghputkr ̀ j v`gint`gj gc >2 [.Q.A. § ? njd >616(n)(;)(N). Cgr tb`s bk cnaks n>?
hnx`huh skjtkjak gc ?; yknrs `j mn`i, $1
ar`h`jni cgrck`turk. [.Q. v. Ekys, Qupkrskd`jl @jd`athkjt, ?=>1-A_-6662? (Dka. 4, ?6>4) (KAC #>4
44).>;
IKLNI QTNJDN_D>3
’Nitbgulb tbk Ckdkrni _uiks gc Kv`dkjak dg jgt kxpi`a`tiy nutbgr`zk `j i`h`jk rui`jls, tbk><
prnat`ak bns dkvkigpkd pursunjt tg tbk d`str`at agurt's ̀ jbkrkjt nutbgr`ty tg hnjnlk tbk agursk gc >2
tr`nis.‘ Iuak v. [.Q., 430 [.Q. 12, 46 j. 4, (>024). Tbk J`jtb A`rau`t bns kxpiǹ jkd tbnt hgt`gjs>0
`j i`h`jk ’niigw pnrt`ks tg rksgivk kv`dkjt`nry d`sputks nbknd gc tr`ni, w`tbgut c`rst bnv`jl tg?6
prkskjt pgtkjt`niiy prkmud`a`ni kv`dkjak `j crgjt gc n mury.‘ Orgd`t v. Anorn, 1;6 C.1d 02;, >664 ‑?>
6; (0tb A`r.?661) (a`tnt`gjs gh`ttkd). Hgt`gjs `j i`h`jk nrk ’nj `hpgrtnjt tggi nvn`inoik tg tbk??
tr`ni mudlk tg kjsurk tbk kxpkd`t`gus njd kvkjbnjdkd hnjnlkhkjt gc tbk tr`ni prgakkd`jls.‘?1
Mgjnssgj v. Iutbkrnj Ab`id & Cnh`iy Qkrv`aks, >>; C.1d 413, 446 (001-A_-6662? (Dka. 4, ?6>4) (KAC # 44 nt p. 4)
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1 Hkhgrnjduh `j Quppgrt gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk
’UNX hgt`gj `j i`h`jk sbguid jgt ok uskd tg rksgivk cnatuni d`sputks gr wk`lb kv`dkjak,‘>
A & K Qkrv`aks, @ja. v. Nsbinjd @ja., ;10 C. Qupp. ?d 1>3, 1?1 (D.D.A. ?662), okanusk tbnt `s tbk?
prgv`jak gc tbk mury. Qkk _kkvks v. Qnjdkrsgj Viuho`jl Vrgduats, ;16 [.Q. >11, >;6 (?666).1
_ntbkr tbk hgt`gj ̀ j i`h`jk prgakss sbguid ok uskd ’tg i`h`t `j ndvnjak tkst`hgjy gr kv`dkjak `j4
n pnrt`auinr nrkn.‘ [.Q. v. Bkiikr, ;;> C.1d >>62, >>>> (0tb A`r. ?660).;
Tbk Ckdkrni _uiks gc Kv`dkjak rkqu`rk tbnt cgr njy kv`dkjak tg ok ndh`ttkd `t hust ok3
’rkikvnjt.‘ Ckd. _. Kv̀ d. 46>. Kv`dkjak ̀ s `rrkikvnjt ̀ c tbkrk ̀ s ’jg agjjkat`gj oktwkkj tbk<
kv`dkjak njd tbk ̀ ssuks gc tbk ansk gr hntkr`ni cnats nt ̀ ssuk.‘ [.Q. v. \kstorgge , >?; C.1d 003,2
>662 (006
Tbk _uik 461 wk`lb`jl prgakss- oninja`jl tbk prgont`vk vniuk gc tbk prgcckrkd kv`dkjak nln`jst>>
`ts pgtkjt`ni cgr ujcn`r prkmud`ak gr agjcus`gj gc `ssuks- `s pr`hnr`iy cgr tbk d`str`at agurt tg>?
pkrcgrh. [.Q. v. Inytgj, 02;)5 [.Q. v. _`jagj, ?2 C.1d 0?>, 0?; (0tb>1
A`r. >004), akrt dkj`kd ;>1 [.Q. >6?0 (>004).>4
Tbk 0tb A`rau`t `s kspka`niiy anut`gus nogut ndh`tt`jl pgtkjt`niiy `jcinhhntgry kv`dkjak>;
w`tb i`ttik tg jg prgont`vk vniuk. Qkk [.Q. v. Kiì s, >4< C.1d >>1>, >>13 (0tb A`r. >002) (rkvkrs`jl>3
agjv`at`gj gc dkckjdnjt abnrlkd w`tb rkak`v`jl njd agjakni`jl stgikj kxpigs`vks okanusk tbk><
`hprgpkr ndh`ss`gj gc kv`dkjak gc tbk dkstruat`vk anpno`i`ty gc tbk stgikj kxpigs`vks.)5 [.Q. v.>2
Oinjd , 062 C.?d 4, 4006), (bgid`jl dktn`is gc hurdkr `jndh`ss`oik)5 [.Q. v.>0
Inytgj, 02;) (rkvkrs`jl agjv`at`gj okanusk gc ujduiy prkmud̀ a`ni?6
tnpk rkagrd`jls gc huit`pik su`a`dks).?>
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4 Hkhgrnjduh `j Quppgrt gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk
N_L[HKJT>
@. TBK AG[_T QBG[ID KRAI[DK TBK LGSK_JHKJT‐Q?IGQQ J[HOK_Q1
N. TBK IGQQ J[HOK_Q N_K @__KIKSNJT, QVKA[INT@SK, NJD [JD[IP4V_KM[D@A@NI;
Tbk lgvkrjhkjt w`ii i`ekiy skke tg usk n dgauhkjt prgduakd `j d`sagvkry, gr skke tg3
`jtrgduak tkst`hgjy rkintkd tg tbk ̀ jcgrhnt`gj ̀ j ̀ t, kjt`tikd ’Sniunt`gj gj t`hk/d`srupt`gj gc <
ous`jkss‘ (Nttnabkd ns Kxb`o t̀ N) tg kstnoi`sb ’igss‘ ujdkr tbk ACNN. Tbk Agurt sbguid onr2
`jtrgduat`gj gc tb`s dgauhkjt njd njy tkst`hgjy rkintkd tg ̀ ts agjtkjts. N s`lj c̀`anjt pgrt`gj gc 0
tbk kjtr̀ ks `j tb̀ s dgauhkjt nrk antklgr`aniiy ̀ hpkrh`ss`oik tg sbgw igss ujdkr tbk ACNN. Ns n>6
rksuit, tbksk juhokrs sbguid ok kxaiudkd ns tbky w`ii gjiy skrvk tg agjcusk njd prkmud`ak nj>>
naaurntk vniunt`gj gc njy niiklkd igss anuskd oy tbk niiklkd ACNN dnhnlk.>?
Tbk ACNN dkc`jks ’dnhnlk‘ ns ’njy `hpn`rhkjt tg tbk `jtklr`ty gr nvn`ino`i`ty gc dntn,>1
n prglrnh, n systkh, gr `jcgrhnt`gj.‘ >2 [.Q.A. § >616(k)(2) (khpbns`s nddkd). Tbk stntutk>4
dkc`jks ’igss‘ ns ’njy rknsgjnoik agst tg njy v`at`h, `jaiud`jl tbk agst gc rkspgjd`jl tg nj>;
gcckjsk, agjduat`jl n dnhnlk nssksshkjt, njd rkstgr`jl tbk dntn, prglrnh, systkh, gr>3
`jcgrhnt`gj tg ̀ ts agjd`t`gj pr`gr tg tbk gcckjsk, njd njy rkvkjuk igst, agst ̀ jaurrkd, gr gtbkr><
agjskqukjt`ni dnhnlks `jaurrkd okanusk gc `jtkrrupt`gj gc skrv`ak.‘ >2 [.Q.A. § >616(k)(>>)>2
(khpbns`s nddkd). Tbus, dnhnlk ujdkr tbk ACNN `s jgt tbk snhk ns igss ujdkr tbk ACNN.>0
Tg niiklk igss ujdkr tbk ACNN ’pin`jt`ccs hust `dkjt`cy `hpn`rhkjt gc gr dnhnlk tg tbk?6
aghputkr systkh tbnt wns naaksskd w`tbgut nutbgr`znt`gj … agsts jgt rkintkd tg aghputkr?>
`hpn`rhkjt gr aghputkr dnhnlks nrk jgt aghpkjsnoik ujdkr tbk ACNN.‘ Cnrhkrs @js. Kxab. v.??
Qtkkik @js. Nlkjay, @ja., Jg. ?=>1-AS-661 \I 12-?? (K.D. Ani. Muiy?1
?;, ?6>1)5 skk nisg NtVna, @ja. v. Npt̀ tudk Qgiut`gjs, @ja., >>24 (K.D. Ani.?4
?6>6) (c`jd`jl aiknr agjlrkss`gjni `jtkjt tg i`h`t igss tg ’tbk trnd`t`gjni aghputkr ‐bnaekr‒?;
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; Hkhgrnjduh `j Quppgrt gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk
sakjnr`g—wbkrk tbk bnaekr dkiktks ̀ jcgrhnt`gj, ̀ jckats aghputkrs, gr arnsbks jktwgres.‘)5 Jkw>
Qbgw Qtud`gs IIA v. Jkkdik, Jg. ?=>4-AS-6>?;6-ANQ, ?6>4 \I ?022?, nt *< (A.D. Ani.?
Mujk 16, ?6>4) (’Quoskqukjt kagjgh`a dnhnlk ujrkintkd tg tbk aghputkr ̀ tskic dgks jgt1
agjst`tutk igss.‘)5 Qpr`jt Qgiut`gjs @ja. v. Vna. Akiiupnlk @ja., Jg. ?=>1-AS-644
\I 1;>??, nt *3 (A.D. Ani. Muiy ?>, ?6>4) (’ous`jkss igss . . . `s jgt n aglj`znoik igss ujdkr;
tbk ACNN.‘).3
Tbk agurt `j Cnrhkrs @js. Kxab. bkid `jndh`ss`oik ’bnrh `j tbk cgrh gc igst prkskjt njd<
cuturk ous`jkss rkvkjuk‘ `j n aniauint̀ gj gc ACNN igss wbkrk tbk bnrh wns jgt d`rkatiy rkintkd2
tg k`tbkr `jtkrrupt`gj gr dnhnlk tg n aghputkr systkh. Jg. ?=>1-AS-661 \I0
12-?? (K.D. Ani. Muiy ?;, ?6>1). Ndd`t`gjniiy, tbk agurt ̀ j OB_NA, IIA v.>6
_klkjay Anr _kjtnis, IIA , Jg. AS >;-23;-LBE HNJR, ?6>; \I 1;3>3, nt *1 (A.D. Ani.>>
Mujk 4, ?6>;) kxaiudkd ous`jkss igssks tbnt rksuitkd crgh tbkct gc ̀ jcgrhnt`gj tbnt niigwkd tbk>?
dkckjdnjt tg pgnab pin`jt`cc‐s austghkrs. Tbk OB_NA agurt rknsgjkd tbnt tbk igst rkvkjuk wns>1
’jgt tbk sgrt gc `jmury cgr wb`ab tbk ACNN prgv`dks n rkhkdy‘ ns `t wns jgt anuskd oy ’nj>4
`jtkrrupt`gj gc skrv`ak‘ out gjiy tbk h`susk gr h`snpprgpr`nt`gj gc `jcgrhnt`gj. Qkk `d. Tbus,>;
ujdkr tbk ACNN, tbk vnst hnmgr`ty, `c jgt nii, gc tbk lgvkrjhkjt‐s niiklkd igss `s jgt aglj`znoik.>3
Nt h`j`huh, tbk cgiigw`jl kjtr̀ ks ̀ j Kxb`o`t N nrk ujrkintkd tg njy `jtkrrupt`gj gc gr><
dnhnlk tg tbk Tr`oujk Aghpnjy‐s (tbk pnrkjt aghpnjy gc tbk Igs Njlkiks T`hks) aghputkr>2
systkhs, njd rkckr gjiy tg ous`jkss igssks tbnt gaaurrkd skpnrntkiy crgh njy niiklkd ACNN>0
dnhnlk, njd tbkrkcgrk njy tkst`hgjy gr kv`dkjak rkintkd tg tbkh sbguid ok kxaiudkd=?6
?>• C`jnja`ni ̀ hpnat gc n tkikv`s`gj sbgw rnt`jl dkai`jk (jgt abnrlkd ̀ j tbk @jd`athkjt),??
kst`hntk nt $460,3>?.66?1
• C`jnja`ni `hpnat gc dntnonsk igss (jgt abnrlkd `j tbk @jd`athkjt), aurrkjt rkvkjuks igss?4kst`hntkd nt $?;,666 njd cgrwnrd rkvkjuks kst`hntkd nt $?;6,666?;
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3 Hkhgrnjduh `j Quppgrt gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk
• Lrkkji`jes Dntnonsk igss (jgt abnrlkd `j tbk @jd`athkjt), `Vnd Agjtkst, kst`hntkd nt>$>;,666?
• Lrkkji`jes Dntnonsk igss (jgt abnrlkd ̀ j tbk @jd`athkjt), ’Dntnonsk `hpnat‘ kst`hntkd nt1
$?66,6664;Tgtni igss jgt aglj`znoik ujdkr tbk ACNN= $200,3>?3
<Tbksk purpgrtkd igssks nrk jgt gjiy `rrkikvnjt tg k`tbkr ’igss‘ gr ’dnhnlk‘ ns dkc`jkd oy2
tbk ACNN, tbky nisg rkjdkr tbk dgauhkjt b`lbiy prkmud`a`ni. Tbky agjst`tutk 03 pkrakjt gc tbk0
tgtni igss c`lurks sgulbt tg ok `jtrgduakd oy tbk lgvkrjhkjt. Ns tbksk kagjgh`a igss kjtr̀ ks>6
aghpr`sk tbk gvkrwbkih`jl hnmgr`ty gc tbk lgvkrjhkjt‐s ain`hkd igssks, tbk`r ndh`ss`gj wguid>>
ujnvg`dnoiy d`strnat, agjcusk, njd prkmud`ak njy naaurntk dktkrh`jnt`gj gc k`tbkr igss gr dnhnlk>?
ns dkc`jkd oy tbk ACNN. Ns n rksuit, tbky nt h`j`huh hust ok kxaiudkd.>1
O. TBK IGQQ J[HOK_Q N_K @HVK_H@QQ@OIK GV@J@GJ KS@DKJAK>4Ndd t̀`gjniiy, nii tbk igss c`lurks agjtn`jkd `j Kxb`o`t N, ns wkii ns nii tbk igss juhokrs>;
tbnt tbk lgvkrjhkjt `s lg`jl tg niiklk `j tb`s ansk, rkqu`rk nj gp`j`gj ’onskd gj sa`kjt`c`a,>3
tkabj`ani, gr gtbkr spka`ni`zkd ejgwikdlk w`tb`j tbk sagpk gc UCkd. _. Kv`d.X <
`jtrgduat`gj wguid rkqù rk c`jnja`ni njd stnt`st̀ ani kxpkrt gr kxpkrts. Qkk Ckd. _. Kv`d. . Tbk>2
lgvkrjhkjt bns jgt`akd jg suab kxpkrt tg tbk dkckjsk. Tg `jtrgduak tbk igss kst`hntks ns iny>0
w`tjkss tkst`hgjy tbky hust ok ’rnt`gjniiy onskd gj tbk w`tjkss‐s pkrakpt`gj.‘ Ckd. _. Kv`d. .?6
Jk`tbkr tbk igssks agjtǹ jkd `j Kxb`o t̀ N jgr njy gc tbk lgvkrjhkjt‐s gtbkr niiklkd igssks anj?>
pgss`oiy ok suostnjt`ntkd oy njy gc tbk lgvkrjhkjt‐s iny w`tjkssks ns ACNN igssks.??
Cgr kxnhpik, gj pnlk ? gc Kxb`o t̀ N, tbk lgvkrjhkjt niiklks tbnt tbk ACNN v`gint̀ gjs?1
anuskd n .> dkai`jk1 `j hgrj`jl jkws t.v. sbgw rnt`jls4, n .4 dkai`jk `j knriy jkws rnt`jls, njd n?4
1 @t `s ujaiknr crgh tbk dgauhkjt wbnt tbksk dka`hni juhokrs rkprkskjt. Tbky nppknr tg ok pkrakjtnlks (k.l. ’.4‘
wguid rkprkskjt 6.4%), out tbk dgauhkjt dgks jgt ainr`cy tbkh gr prgv`dk njy agjtkxt cgr bgw tbky wkrkaniauintkd gr arkntkd.
4 Tbk dgauhkjt rkckrs tg ’Jkws rnt`jl N?;;4‘ `j d`sauss`jl tbk dka`hni `jarknsks njd dkarknsks. Gj `jcgrhnt`gj
njd oki`kc, N?;-;4 rkckrs tg n J`kiskj tkikv`s`gj rnt`jl cgr v`kwkrs nlkd ?; tg ;4.
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8/20/2019 USA v. Keys: Defense Motions in Limine
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< Hkhgrnjduh `j Quppgrt gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk
.? `jarknsk `j intk jkws rnt`jls, sghkbgw kquni`jl nj kst`hntkd ous`jkss igss tgtnì jl $460,3>?.;>
@t dkc`ks rknsgj tbnt njy iny w`tjkss aguid d`sakrj tbk `hpnat tbk niiklkd ACNN dnhnlk bnd gj n?
hgrj`jl t.v. jkws sbgw rnt`jls tg n crnat`gj gc n pkrakjtnlk pg̀ jt, agrrkat`jl cgr nii gtbkr1
cnatgrs, onskd gj tbk`r gwj pkrakpt`gj njd w`tbgut tbk n`d gc sa`kjt`c`a, tkabj`ani, gr gtbkr4
spka`ni`zkd ejgwikdlk njd njniys`s. Hgrkgvkr, tb`s ansk ̀ s nogut tbk niiklkd ujnutbgr`zkd naakss;
tg tbk Igs Njlkiks T`hks wkos`tk agjtkjt hnjnlkhkjt systkh njd tbk abnjl`jl gc n ckw wgrds3
`j gjk pnrnlrnpb gj tbk I.N. T`hks s`tk cgr rgulbiy bnic nj bgur. @t bns jgtb`jl tg dg w`tb n<
Qnarnhkjtg tkikv̀ s`gj jkws sbgw.2
Tg suoh`t tb`s gp`j`gj kv`dkjak, tbk lgvkrjhkjt wguid jkkd nj kxpkrt w`tjkss. [pgj0
rkqukst gc n dkckjdnjt, tbk lgvkrjhkjt hust prgv`dk ’n wr`ttkj suhhnry gc njy tkst`hgjy tbnt>6
tbk lgvkrjhkjt `jtkjds tg usk ujdkr _uiks 3 (n)(L). Tbk dkckjsk prgv`dkd suab n rkqukst>?
tg tbk lgvkrjhkjt gj Npr̀ i ??, ?6>1. (Kxb`o`t O, nt p. 1.) Tbk dkckjsk bns ykt tg rkak`vk njy>1
jgt`ak gr gtbkr `jcgrhnt`gj rklnrd`jl kxpkrts wbg nrk quni`c`kd tg suostnjt`ntk tbk lgvkrjhkjt‐s>4
niiklkd igss c`lurks, gr tbk hktbgds njd kxpkrt`sk uskd tg aniauintk tbgsk c`lurks.>;
Nitbgulb Ckd. _. gc Ar`h. V. >3 dgks jgt kxpi`a`tiy stntk n t`hk tbk lgvkrjhkjt hust>3
d`saigsk ̀ j rkspgjsk tg n rkqukst, tbk Ndv`sgry Aghh`ttkk Jgtks stntk ’`t `s kxpkatkd tbnt tbk><
pnrt`ks w`ii hnek tbk`r rkquksts njd d`saigsurks `j n t`hkiy cnsb`gj.‘ Ckd. _. Ar`h. V. >3,>2
ndv`sgry aghh`ttkk‐s jgtk. Tbk Dkckjsk suoh t̀tkd `ts rkqukst gvkr ? yknrs nlg. Nt tbk t`hk gc >0
c`i`jl tb`s hgt`gj `j ì h`jk, gjiy >0 dnys okcgrk tr`ni tbk lgvkrjhkjt bns jgt prgv`dkd jgt`ak gc ?6
; Nssuh`jl, ns tbk nogvk cggtjgtk dgks, tbnt tbksk dka`hni juhokrs nrk pkrakjtnlks gc hnrekt rkvkjuk, tbkdgauhkjt‐s kst`hntkd ous`jkss igss tgtni s`hpiy dgks jgt ndd up. @t purpgrts nj kst`hntkd ous`jkss igss gc $460,3>?.66. Bgwkvkr, n 6.1% igss, dkr`vkd crgh n 6.;% tgtni hgrj`jl njd knriy jkws dkarknsk gccskt oy n6.?% intk jkws `jarknsk, wguid ok $406,01;.66. Tbk ons`s cgr tbk`r igss juhokrs inaes cgujdnt`gj njd n inyw`tjkss anjjgt hknj`jlcuiiy `jtkrprkt tbksk kst`hntkd igss ain`hs.
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2 Hkhgrnjduh `j Quppgrt gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk
njy kxpkrt tbnt anj tkst`cy tg tbk igss juhokrs kvkj `c tbky wkrk rkikvnjt. Tbkrkcgrk, tbk igss>
juhokrs sbguid ok kxaiudkd ̀ j tbk`r kjt`rkty.?
Tbk agurt `j [.Q. v. Pnl ,̀ Jg. A_->?-6421 KHA, ?6>1 \I >6;3 (J.D. Ani.1
Gat. >1) kxaiudkd tbk `jtrgduat`gj gc jkw kxpkrts wbkrk dkckjdnjts hndk tbk`r rkqukst gjk4
yknr okcgrk tr`ni njd tbk lgvkrjhkjt d`saigskd `jcgrhnt`gj nogut `ts kxpkrt w`tjkss ikss tbnj gjk;
hgjtb okcgrk tr`ni. Tbk agurt `j Pnl` wns ujpkrsundkd oy tbk lgvkrjhkjt‐s must`c`ant`gj cgr tbk`r3
cn`iurk, tbnt tbky ’oki`kvkd tbk w`tjkssks `j qukst`gj aguid tkst`cy ns iny w`tjkssksU,X‘ c`jd`jl tbnt<
’tbk dkckjsk bns okkj prkmud`akd ̀ j ̀ ts no`i`ty tg kvniuntk tbk prgcckrkd kxpkrt tkst`hgjy njd, ̀ c 2
jkakssnry, skaurk rkouttni w`tjkssks tg tkst`cy ns tg tbk vniuk gc n pgtkjt`niiy d`vkrsk skt gc 0
`tkhs.‘ Qkk `d . Tbk kxaius`gj gc ujd`saigskd kxpkrt w`tjkssks `s tbk npprgpr`ntk rkhkdy cgr>6
v`gint`gj gc _uik >3‐s d`saigsurk rkqu`rkhkjts. Qkk [.Q. v. \._. Lrnak, ;?3 C.1d 400, ;>4->;>>
(0tb A`r. ?662) (upbgid`jl kxaius`gj gc suab kv`dkjak kvkj wbkrk tbk cn`iurk tg prgv`dk jgt`ak gc >?
nj kxpkrt w`tjkss wns jk`tbkr ’w`iicui‘ jgr ’hgt`vntkd oy n dks`rk tg gotn`j n tnat`ani ndvnjtnlk).>1
Tbk lgvkrjhkjt bns cn`ikd tg t`hkiy d`saigsk njy `jcgrhnt`gj rklnrd`jl prgpgskd kxpkrt>4
w`tjkssks wbg aguid suostnjt`ntk tbk`r b`lbiy spkauint`vk, jgj-ACNN, igss c`lurks. Ns n rksuit, ̀ t>;
wguid ok `hprgpkr njd prkmud`a`ni tg tbk naauskd‐s cujdnhkjtni r`lbt tg prkskjt w`tjkssks `j b`s>3
gwj dkckjsk tg niigw tbk lgvkrjhkjt tg `jtrgduak n jkw kxpkrt w`tjkss w`tb dnys rkhn`j`jl><
okcgrk tr`ni. Naagrd`jliy, njy igss c`lurks rkqu`r`jl kxpkrt tkst`hgjy sbguid jgt ok ndh`ttkd `jtg>2
kv`dkjak ns tbky inae tbk jkakssnry cgujdnt`gj.>0
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8/20/2019 USA v. Keys: Defense Motions in Limine
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0 Hkhgrnjduh `j Quppgrt gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk
@@. TBK AG[_T QBG[ID KRAI[DK TBK ’ANJAK_HNJ>KHN@IQ‘ OKAN[QK TBKP N_K @__KIKSNJT NJD?V_KM[D@ANI1
Tbk ’Anjakrhnj khn`is‘ rkckr tg n skr`ks gc khǹ is skjt crgh tbk nddrkssks4
anjakrhnj4600Fynbgg.ag.ue, wnitkrse`jjkrFynbgg.ag.ue, njd cgxhuidkr4600Fynbgg.ag.ue,,;
njd pgss`oiy gtbkrs, tg Cgx46, n Qnarnhkjtg tkikv`s`gj stnt`gj, khpigykk Ornjdgj Hkrakr‐s3
khn`i nddrkss (ornjdgj.hkrakrFcgx46.agh), ns wkii ns tg khǹ i nddrkssks rkl`stkrkd cgr<
Cgx46‐s `Vnd l`vknwny agjtkst `j Dkakhokr gc ?6>6. Tbksk khn`is nrk ̀ rrkikvnjt tg tbk prkskjt2
ansk, b`lbiy prkmud`a`ni, njd, tg tbk kxtkjt tbky nrk rkintkd gr prgont`vk `j njy wny, ikss0
prkmud`a`ni nitkrjnt`vk kv`dkjak kx`sts tg sbgw tbk snhk skt gc cnats. Tbk Anjakrhnj khn ìs wkrk>6
skjt, pr̀ gr tg tbk ACNN nats niiklkd ̀ j tbk @jd`athkjt, tg nddrkssks rkl`stkrkd cgr n Cgx46 `Vnd>>
l`vknwny njd wnrjkd tbk rkà p`kjts tbnt tbk agjtkst wns n ’sanh.‘ Tbk i`st gc rkl`stkrkd>?
agjtkstnjts wns niiklkdiy dgwjigndkd crgh tbk Tr`oujk‐s agjtkjt hnjnlkhkjt systkh.>1
Tbk lgvkrjhkjt dgks jgt niiklk, njd anjjgt sbgw, tbnt tbk Anjakrhnj khn`is ̀ hpn`rkd>4
gr dnhnlkd njy aghputkr systkhs. Tbk Anjakrhnj khǹ is, nt hgst, sbgw h`susk gr>;
h`snpprgpr`nt`gj gc ̀ jcgrhnt`gj tbnt niiklkdiy anuskd n igss gc ous`jkss gppgrtuj`t`ks. Ns>3
d`sausskd nogvk, d`srupt`gj tg gr igss gc ous`jkss gppgrtuj̀ t`ks, gr gtbkr ous`jkss igssks, duk tg><
`jcgrhnt̀ gj h`susk gr h`snpprgpr`nt`gj anj jkvkr ok uskd tg kstnoi`sb igss gr dnhnlk ujdkr tbk>2
ACNN. Qkk, k.l., NtVna, @ja. v. Npt`tudk Qgiut`gjs, @ja., >24 (K.D. Ani.>0
?6>6) (’tbk igss hust rksuit crgh tbk ujnutbgr`zkd orknab `tskic.‘).?6
Tbk Anjakrhnj khǹ is prkdntk, njd nrk jgt rkintkd tg, tbk niiklkd or`kc kd`t`jl gc n?>
pnrnlrnpb gj tbk Igs Njlkiks T`hks wko pnlk, njd anjjgt ok ̀ jaiudkd ̀ j tbk snhk igss??
aniauint`gj cgr ACNN purpgsks. Njy igss tbnt aguid ok nttr`outnoik tg tbksk khn`is `s ujrkintkd tg?1
tbk niiklkd kd`t`jl gc tbk I.N. T`hks wkopnlk, njd anjjgt ok `jaiudkd `j njy ACNN igss?4
nhgujt.?;
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8/20/2019 USA v. Keys: Defense Motions in Limine
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>6 Hkhgrnjduh `j Quppgrt gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk
Kvkj c̀ tbksk khn`is wkrk sghkbgw agjstrukd ns rkintkd tg tbk niiklkd ACNN igss,>
nitkrjnt`vk kv`dkjak kx`sts wb`ab wguid ok ikss prkmud`a`ni. Nitkrjnt`vk kv`dkjak sbguid ok?
agjs`dkrkd wbkj kvniunt`jl tbk prgont`vk vkrsus prkmud`a`ni oninjak gc n pnrt`auinr p`kak gc 1
kv`dkjak. Qkk Gid Ab`kc v. [.Q., ;>0 [.Q. >
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>> Hkhgrnjduh `j Quppgrt gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk
njd jg kv`dkjak crgh tbnt ̀ jvkst`lnt`gj gr kiskwbkrk suppgrts tbk tbkgry tbnt Hr. Ekys wns>
`jvgivkd `j njy wny. Onskd gj tbk i`h`tkd kv`dkjak prgv`dkd `j tbk rkstrǹ j`jl grdkr, `t wguid ok?
b`lbiy uji`ekiy tbnt njy rknsgjnoik mury aguid agjaiudk tbnt Ekys wns tbk natgr w`tbgut rksgrt`jl1
tg spkauint`gj njd ̀ jjukjdg.4
Ndd`t`gjniiy, n pr`gr ond nat hust ok s`h`inr tg tbk ’gcckjsk abnrlkd.‘ Qkk `d. Tbk khǹ is;
d`sausskd `j tbk rkstrǹ j`jl grdkr bgid jg rkint`gjsb`p tg tbk abnrlkd ACNN v`gint`gjs. Tbk3
ACNN v`gint`gjs nt ̀ ssuk `j tb`s ansk ̀ jvgivk h`susk gc igl`j arkdkjt`nis tg or`kciy nitkr n<
pnrnlrnpb gj n Igs Njlkiks T`hks wko pnlk. Tbk rkstrn`j`jl grdkr dksar`oks nj ujejgwj2
`jd`v`duni gr ̀ jd`v`dunis skjd`jl d`srupt`vk hkssnlks tg, njd pgst`jl khonrrnss`jl pr`vntk0
pbgtgs gc, nj uj̀ jvgivkd tb`rd pnrty. Tbk gjiy s`h`inr̀ ty oktwkkj tbk pr`gr ond nat njd tbk>6
abnrlkd gcckjsk `s tbk h`susk gc aghputkrs oy ujejgwj natgrs.>>
Kvkj ̀ c rkikvnjt, tbk prkmud`a`ni ̀ hpnat gc tbk rkstrn`j`jl grdkr vnstiy gutwk`lbs njy>?
prgont`vk vniuk ̀ t hny bnvk. Tbk agurt sbguid kxaiudk rkikvnjt kv`dkjak c̀ tbk dnjlkr gc ujcn`r>1
prkmud`a`ni ̀ hpnat suostnjt`niiy gutwk`lbs ̀ ts prgont`vk vniuk. Qkk [.Q. v. _nh`rkz-_goiks, 123>4
C.1d >?14, >?43 (0tb A`r. ?664). L`vkj tbnt tbk nat`gjs dksar`okd `j tbk ?662 rkstrn`j`jl grdkr>;
wkrk jkvkr nttr̀ outkd tg njygjk, agho`jkd w`tb tbk b`lbiy sanjdnigus jnturk gc tbk niiklnt`gjs>3
hndk tbkrk`j njd tbk inae gc s`h`inr̀ ty oktwkkj tbk nats rkintkd tg tbk ?662 rkstrn`j`jl grdkr njd><
tbk abnrlkd ACNN gcckjsks, tbk prgont`vk vniuk gc tbk rkstrn`j`jl grdkr `s kjt`rkiy gutwk`lbkd>2
oy `ts prkmud`a`ni ̀ hpnat. Tbk ?662 rkstrǹ j`jl grdkr sbguid ok kxaiudkd.>0
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>? Hkhgrnjduh `j Quppgrt gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk
@S. @_A IGL C@IKQ GOTN@JKD C_GH DKJJ@Q G\KJ>AGII@JQ ANJJGT OK N[TBKJT@ANTKD NJD N_K?TBK_KCG_K @JNDH@QQ@OIK1
Tbk lgvkrjhkjt hny skke tg `jtrgduak n juhokr gc @_A3 abnt njd skrvkr igl c`iks4
gotn`jkd tbrgulb tbk sknrab njd sk`zurk gc nj uj`jd`atkd niiklkd hkhokr gc Njgjyhgus, tbk intk;
Dkjj`s Gwkj Agii`js. Hr. Agii`js pnsskd nwny gj Muiy >3, ?6>;.6
c`iks agjtn`j`jl pin`j tkxt out gocusantkd, prksuhnoiy oy Hr. Agii`js, us`jl vnr̀ gus c`ik jnhks>>
njd kxtkjs`gjs.>?
N prgpgjkjt gc n pnrt`auinr p`kak gc kv`dkjak hust prgduak kv`dkjak succ`a`kjt tg sbgw>1
tbnt tbk ̀ tkh `s wbnt tbk prgpgjkjt snys `t ̀ s. Ckd. _. Kv`d. 06>. Cgr ndh`ss`o`i`ty, tbk prgpgjkjt>4
hust hnek n pr̀ hn cna`k sbgw`jl gc nutbkjt`a`ty oy sbgw`jl succ`a`kjt prggc cgr n rknsgjnoik>;
murgr tg c`jd `j cnvgr gc nutbkjt`a`ty gr `dkjt`c`ant`gj. Qkk [.Q. v. Oinae , 114, >14? (0tb
>3
A`r. >02;). Cgr abnt igl dntn, n pr`hn cna`k sbgw`jl gc nutbkjt`a`ty hny ok hndk oy tbk igls‐><
arkntgr tkst`cy`jl tg bgw tbk igls wkrk hndk njd tg tbk naaurnay gc wbnt tbky rkprkskjt. [.Q. v.>2
Tnje , ?66 C.1d 3?0
`s jgt pgss`oik.?6
3 @jtkrjkt _kiny Abnt, n cgrh gc `jtkrjkt tkxt abnt pgpuinr nhgjl prglrnhhkrs, aghputkr kjtbus`nsts, njd gtbkrtkabj`aniiy snvvy `jd`v`dunis. Abntt`jl gj @_A tneks pinak gj ’abnjjkis‘ ruj w`tb`j skrvkrs. Hnjy @_A ai`kjt
njd skrvkr prglrnhs nrk noik tg arkntk igl c`iks, ksskjt`niiy tkxt c`iks `jtg wb`ab abnt agjtkjt gr skrvkr gutputw`ii ok rkagrdkd, wb`ab nrk stgrkd gj tbk hnab`jk rujj`jl tbnt @_A ai`kjt gr skrvkr.
< Qkk Dkjj`s Gwkj Agii`js hkhgr`ni pnlk, nt bttp=//www.cgrkvkrh`sskd.agh/dkjj`s-gwkj-agii`js/#nogut (instv`s̀ tkd Qkptkhokr 0, ?6>;).
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8/20/2019 USA v. Keys: Defense Motions in Limine
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>1 Hkhgrnjduh `j Quppgrt gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk
[pgj `jcgrhnt`gj njd oki`kc, Hr. Agii`js wns tbk sgik austgd`nj gc tbksk igl c`iks>
oktwkkj tbk t`hk tbky wkrk arkntkd ujt`i tbky wkrk sk`zkd oy ckdkrni inw kjcgrakhkjt. Bk wns?
tbk gjiy pkrsgj w`tb naakss tg njd agjtrgi gc tbksk c`iks, njd tbk gjiy pkrsgj noik tg tkst`cy tg tbk1
naaurnay gc tbk dntn njd agjtkjt agjtn`jkd tbkrk`j. Okcgrk tbk lgvkrjhkjt sk`zkd tbk Igls, Hr.4
Agii`js gr njygjk kisk wbg hny bnvk bnd naakss tg tbk Igls aguid bnvk kd`tkd gr abnjlkd;
kjtr`ks `j tbk tkxt. [ji`ek khn`i gr gccs`tk skrvkr igls, jg tb`rd pnrty kx`sts wb`ab h`lbt3
`jdkpkjdkjtiy vkr`cy tbk naaurnay gc tbksk igls. @t wguid nisg ok tr`v`niiy knsy cgr nj `jd`v`duni<
w`tb Hr. Agii`js‐s tkabj`ani se`ii tg nitkr gr gocusantk dntn ̀ j tbksk c`iks.2 \b`ik n inw2
kjcgrakhkjt nlkjt hny ok noik tg tkst`cy tg tbk cgrkjs`a hktbgds uskd tg nssurk tbk dntn wns jgt0
nitkrkd nctkr sk`zurk,0 tbky nrk `j jg pgs`t`gj tg nutbkjt`antk tbk Igls‐ vkrna`ty pr`gr tg sk`zurk.>6
AGJAI[Q@GJ>>
Cgr tbk nogvk stntkd rknsgjs, Hnttbkw Ekys rkspkatcuiiy rkquksts tbnt tbk Agurt kxaiudk=>?
>) `rrkikvnjt, spkauint`vk, njd prkmud`a`ni igss juhokrs ujrkintkd tg tbk niiklkd Aghputkr Crnud>1
njd Nousk Nat (’ACNN‘) abnrlks5 ?) nii igss juhokrs okanusk tbk lgvkrjhkjt bns jgt jgt`akd>4
njy kxpkrt tbnt anj suostnjt`ntk tbkh5 1) `rrkikvnjt njd prkmud`a`ni khn ìs niiklkdiy skjt oy tbk>;
dkckjdnjt tbnt nrk ujrkintkd tg tbk niiklkd ACNN dnhnlk njd tbnt nrk nisg ̀ jndh`ss`oik ujdkr>3
Ckdkrni _uik gc Kv`dkjak 464(o)5 4) `rrkikvnjt, prkmud̀ a`ni kv`dkjak gc n ?662 rkstrn`j`jl grdkr><
nln`jst tbk Dkckjdnjt5 njd ;) abnt njd skrvkr igls sk`zkd crgh tbk intk Dkjj`s Gwkj Agii`js, nj>2
uj`jd`atkd tb`rd pnrty, wb`ab anjjgt ok nutbkjt`antkd.>0
2 Cgr kxnhpik, n ons`a c`jd-njd-rkpinak sar`pt aguid kns`iy njd kccgrtikssiy abnjlk @V nddrkss juhokrs, j`aejnhkkjtr`ks, gr tbk arknt`gj gr hgd`c`ant`gj dntk hktndntn gj tbk c`iks.
0 Nitbgulb nt tb`s t`hk, tbk dkckjsk ̀ s jgt nwnrk gc njy suab cgrkjs`a vkr`c`ant`gj, suab ns HD; gr QBNabkaesuhs, cgr k`tbkr tbk Igls gr tbk bnrd dr`vk(s) gj wb`ab tbky wkrk stgrkd.
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>4 Hkhgrnjduh `j Quppgrt gc Dkckjdnjt‐s Hgt`gjs `j I`h`jk
>DNTKD= Qkptkhokr 0, ?6>; _kspkatcuiiy suoh`ttkd,?
/s/ Tgr KekinjdW1 Tgr Kekinjd4Tgr Kekinjd, V.A.;>0; Viyhgutb Qtrkkt, ;tb Ciggr3Orggeiyj, JP >>?6><tgrFtgrkekinjd.agh2Tki= 2-
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KRB@O@T N
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Sniunt`gj gj t`hk d`sru pt`gj gc ous`jkss
Hkkt`jls
>.) Ornjdgj & Mgbj Anutbkj > $
??;.66
1.) Mkrry njd Anutbkj > $>;6.66
4.) Mkrry w`t b Ornjdgj ; (>/? bgur hkkt`jls) $;3?.;6
Khn`is
>.) Ornjdgj
tg
Mgbj Anutbkj >/> + rksknrab $??;.66
?.) Qnh Agbkj w / agrpgrntk >4 khn`is crgh >?/3/??6> 6 tbru >?/>4/?6>6 $;6.66
>?.) Ornjdg j tg Mkrry njd _ny Jkisgj $?1.)Ornjdgj
tg _ny Try tg oigae naakss tg nii gtbk rs $>?; .66
>4.)S`kwkr khn`is @j`t`ntkd n abn`j gc 4 khn`is + agjvkrsnt`gjs $>,;66.66
4 bgurs kst`hntkd `j hkkt`jls
>;.)Mkdi`jse` tg Ornjdgj $1?;.66
>3.)Ornjdgj tg Mkrry, Cr`kdhnj, Qnujdkrs, Agjbn`j, Okrjnrd, Jkisgj, Q`ivkrhnj njd Mkdi`jse`
"Tb`s `s wb nt CGR Hu idkr `s dg`jl tg us" $>,6?;
>0.) Ornjdgj tg Jkws Dkpn rthkj t njd Mkrry $?,;66.66
?6.)Trgy tg Ornjdgj "16 h`jutks spkjt w`t b upskt v`kw krs"/`h pna t Entby Vnkz &
Obnv`sbn Vntki/+> $?66.66
?>.)Trgy tg Jkws Dkp nrthk jt $>;6.66
??.)Bukrtn tg CGR Hu idkr $;6.66
?1.)CGR
Hu idkr tg Mkrry $>;6.66
?4.)Abnriks Okrjnrd tg Ornjdgj $>?;.66
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?;.)CGR H uidkr khn`is tg Mgrdnj DkJg gj, Mgsb Onnr, Hnre Dkhsey, O`ii Budsgj, Abnriks Okrjnrd,
T`h E`jl njd Ornjdgj
_K=
Qnjtn's Inp khn `i $1.) CGR46 _kwnrds Hkh okrs
?.) Ornjdgj w`t b Anutbkj
1.) Ornjd gj w` tb Ekys
4.) Mkrry w` tb Ekrst`jl njd Qabgjone
;.) Mkrry w`t b Qabgjone
3.) Mkrry w`t b Anutbkj
Lrkkji`jes Dntnonsk igss
?> (>/? bgur knab gj nvkrnlk)
> bgur7
4 bgu rs 7
? (>/? bgur)
; (>/? bgur)
4 (>/? bgur)
,3?;.66
>;6.66
Kst`hntkd igss= $>;,666.66
.) `Vnd Agjtkst
?.) Dn tnonsk `hp nat
igst dntnonsk gc ?6,666 v`kwkrs5 bnd tg c`jd n jkw vkjd gr & rkou`id n jkw dntnonsk.
Kst`hntkd igss= $?66,666.66
C`jnja`ni `hpnat gc Dntnonsk igss
Aurrkjt rkvkjuks Kst`hntkd igss= $?;,666.66
Cgrwnrd rkvkjuks Kst`hntkd igss= $?;6,666.66
Jgtk= Tgge tbrk k (1) yknrs tg ou`id jkw dntnonsk onae tg ?6> > ikvki gc ?6,666 v`kwkrs
_nt`jl `hpnat
Hg rj`jl jkws dkai`jkd .> (; bgurs)
Knriy jkws dkai`jkd .4 (>/? Bgur)
Intk jkws `jarknskd .? (> bgur)
Jkws rnt`jls N?;;4
C`jnja`ni `hpnat gc rnt`jl dkai`jk
C`jnja`ni @hpnat Tgtni hnrek t rkvkjuk 8 $>31,2%
8 >,312,4;6
> 8 >31,24;
Kst`hntkd igss= $460,3> ?.66
(crgh nh jkws rnt`jl igssks)
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(-.4 knriy jkws njd +.? intk jkws kcckat`vkiy anjaki knab
gtbkr gut)
Tgtni Igss kst`hntk=
0?0,0;6/bgur
$
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KRB@O@T O
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