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PATROL LEADER'S

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

NAVAL SPECIAL WARFARE FORCES- OVERVIEW

CHAPTER 1 MISSION PLANNING PROCESS

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1I 1 THE MISSION PLANNING CYCLE1 .2 THE MISSION PLANNING PROCESS1.2 I Receive Ihe Mission Direciive

1 .2,2 Imiiaie a Security Plar

L2.3 Analyze ihe Mission

I 2.4 Plan ihe Use of Available Time

L2.5 Submit an [niiiaJEEl Request

r2.6 FofinuLate an Initial Plan

1 .2.7 Give Mission Concept

L2.B Revise Plan, Based On Mission Concept1.2.9 Phase Plan/Diagram the Mission

1.2.10 Update EEI Request

1.2.11 Submit Support Requirements

L2,12 Issue Warning Order

L2.I3 Conduct Preliminary Gear/Personnel

Inspections and Rehearsals

1.2.14 Update the Plan as Necessajy

1.2.15 Patrol Leader's Order

I 2 16 Briefback

L2. 17 Final Inspection^ Rehearsals, and Biief

L2JS Conduct MissionL2.19 Debrief

1.2.20 Submit Posl-Op Report

1.3 THE PHASE DIAGRAMMING SYSTEM

PATROL LEADER'S H^WDBOCK HI

AN OVERVIEW

\ 4 ORGANIZATION OF THE PHASE DIAGRAM 61.5 MISSION PHASES 61.6 PHASE DIAGRAMMING 71 .6 I Analyze Each Evenl 71.6.2 Continue llie Analysis 8

I 6.3 Prepare DeTaiSed Lists 8

1.7 PLANNING FOR CONTINGENCIES 121.7 f ConlJngency Checklist 13

CHAPTER 2ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION

2.0 INTRODUCTION 142.1 TARGET 1411. 1 Enemy Environment 152,1.2 Enemy Order of Battle 152.1 3 S urV ival/Evasion/Resisiance/Escape (SERE

)

15

2.1 4 Miscellaneous 15

22 1 ARGET DEPENDENT EEl 152.2.1 Imagery and Graphics 152.2.2 Textua Data and Suppoit Materials 15

CHAPTER 3 TARGET ANALYSIS

3.0 INIkODUCTION 163.1 TARGET SELECTION 163.1.1 Criticality 16

3J .2 Accessibility 163.1 3 Recuperability 17

3.1 4 Vulnerability 173.1.5 Effect on Populace 17

3.1 6 Recognjzability 17

3.2 TARGET SYSTEMS 1733 MAJOR TARGET SYS lEMS 183.3 1 Railway Systems IS

3 3.2 Highway Syslems 18

Iv U,S- NAVY SEAL

TABLE OF CONTENTS

3.3 3 Waterway Systems 183 3 4 Airway Systems IS3.3.5 Communication Systems 193 3.6 Power Systems 193.3.7 Wafer Supply Systems 203.3.8 Fuel Supply Systems 20

CHAPTER 4 MISSION CONCEPT

4.0 INTRODUCTION 214.1 MISSION CONCEPT (FORMAT) 2J4.2 RULES OF ENGAGEMENT (ROE)

CONSIDERATIONS 22

CHAPTER 5WARNING/PATROL LEADER*S ORDERS

5.0 INTRODUCTION 245.

1

TIJE WARNING ORDER 245.2 WARNING ORDER (FORMAT) 245.3 RECOMMENDED BRIEnNGASSlGNMENTS265.4 PATROL LEADERS ORDER 265.5 PLO SEQUENCE 275 5,1 Five Paragraph Sequence 27

5.5 2 Bad PLCs 275 6 PRE'PLO CHECKLIST 285.7 PRESENTATION 285.7.1 Briefing Techniques 28

5 7.2 PLO Introduction 295.8 PLO FORMAT 305.8.1 Situation 30

5.8 2 MisSTon 305.8.3 Execution 33

5.8.4 Admin and Logistics 335.8 5 Command and Signals 36

PATROL LEADER'S HANDBOOK V

AN OVERVIEW

CHAPTER 6 BRIEFBACK

60 INlkODUCTION 396.1 BEUEFBACK (FORMAT) 406.1.1 Siluation/Mission 40

6J.2 Intelligence 40

6 1 3 Genera Overview 42

6.1.4 InserlJon Method 42

6.1 5 Routes 42

6,1.6 Actions ai the Objective 43

6 1 7 Extraction Method 43

6.1 B Rende^vous/Evaston and Escape Procedures 43

6J.9 Communications 43

6.1.10 Medical 44

6J.11 Closing Statements 44

6.2 BRIEFBACK PRESENTATION 44

CHAPTER 7 POST EXERCISE/OPERATIONREPORTS AND INTELLIGENCE DEBRJEFS

7.0 INTRODUCTION 477.

1

POST-EXCHANGE/OPERATION (FORMAT) 477.2 INTELLIGENCE DEBRIEF GUIDE 487.3 DEBRIEF GUIDE ^FORMAT) 49

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A NSW INTELLIGENCE

A I TARGET INDEPENDENT EEI -ENVIRONMENT 56

All Obstructions/Constructions 56AJ.2 OrderofBattle 59A. I 3 SERE 70A. I A Miscellaneous Information 71

vi U.S. NAVY SEAL

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A 2 TARGET DEPENDENT EEI 72A. 2.1 Imagery and Graphics 72

A 2 2 Textual Data/Support Malerials 73A.3 TARGET ANALYSIS CHECKLIST 76A. 3. 1 Administrative Data 76

A 3 2 General 76

A.3.3 Specific 79

A.3 4 Conclusions 8*]

APPENDIX B VESSEL CKARACrERISTICS AJVDCAPABILITIES

B. I SMALL CRAFT OPERATIONS 82B 1 1 General 82B.l 2 Mission Planning Considerations R2

B.l 3 Coordination 82

B.l 4 Execution 83

B.3 COMBAT RUBBER RAIDING CRAFT(CRRC )/INFLATABLES 84

B 3 SPECIAL BOAT CHARACTERISTICS 86B 4 FLEET BOAT CHARACTERISTICS 88B.5 SHIPS CAPABLE OF TRANSPORTING

THE SEAFOX 90B 6 NAVAL GUNFIRE SUPPORT SHIPS 92

APPENDIX C AIRCRAFT CHARACTERISTICS

C.I FIXED WING AIRCRAFT 95C.2 ROTARY WING AIRCRAFT 97

APPENDIX D WEAPONS AND DEMOLITIONS

D.l US. SMALL ARMS 100D.2 SOVIET/WARSAW PACT SMALL ARMS 1 02D.3 DEMOLITION CAPABILITIES AND

FORMULAS 103

PATROL LEADER'S HANDBOOK vii

AN OVERVIEW

APPENDIX E COMMUMCATIONS

El COMMUNICATIONS/ELECTRONICSCAJ>ABJLITIES 114

E.2 NSW/SHIPBOARD COMMUNICATIONSINTEROPERABILITY 116

E 2 I NSW/Shipboard SATCOM Imeroperability 1 1 SE.3 NSW,t:2C INTEROPERABILITY 119E,4 C3 VAN CAPABILITIES 120

APPENDIX F BIBLJOC^RAPHY AND GLOSSARY

El BIBLIOGRAPHY 122F.l.i Amphibious Operations 122

F[ 2 Environmental Areas of Operaiions 122

F 1 3 Canography 1 23F I 4 Demolitions 123

F.1.5 Diving 123

Fl 6 Land Warfare 124

F.[ 7 Photography 124

F L8 Soviet/Eastern Bloc Forces 124

Fl 9 Submarine Operations 125

Fl 10 Targeting 125

FLU Weapons 125R2 GLOSSARY 126

vlil U.S. NAVY SEAL

AN OVERVIEW

US NAVY SPECIAL WARFAREFORCES

1. JNTRODUCTION

The US Navy Special Warfai^ Command CNAVSPHCWAR-COM) is ihc Na\'j's proponent agcncs' Ibr Special OpcadunsForces (SOF) and is designated a Major Command (MACOM)onan equal level with the US Army Special Opcraiions Command(USASOC) and Air Force Special Operations Command (AF-SOC) Like Its brolhsT scnjces' specio] operations commands.NAVSPECWARCOM is subordinate lo ihe U S. Special Opera-tions Command (USSOC).

NAVSPECWARCOM is Lasted with maniime related specialoperationsm support orNa\'5 and Manne forces as well as iho oiherservices. These missions include special mobile operations, uncon-

ventional warfare (UW), beach and coastal reconnaissance, coun-terinsurgene> (COIN), special tactical intelligence colleeiioii,

coastal and nver interdiction, and fore^n iniemal defense (FID),

i.e. advise^train, assist and/or control friendly forces in the conduct

of naval special warfare operations. These missions include such

specialized tasks as special reconnaissance (SR). direct action

(DA), combat search and Tcscue (CSAR); recover^', vessel board-

ing, search and seizure (VBSS), and beach reconnaissance andobstacle clearance in support of amphibious operations These

missions principaliyfocusoncoastal and inshore areas, harbor and

ports^ but also include operations in inland x^aierwa>'S as well as

missions e\eeuted ashore, usually contiguous with coastal areas.

They may. however, be conducted well inland There are fourprincipal types of units tasked with execution of and/or support or

these missions.

PATROL LEADER'S HANDBOOK Ix

us NAVY SPECIAL WARFARE FORCES

2. NAVAL SPECIAL WARFARE UNITS

The ke>, and bCBl knoxMi. Nii\y SOf- eicmeni is the Sea-Air-l.and Forces- SEAL5 The firsi SEAL Jcauis »cri: fomted in J%2as rhc Na\-vs coninbuhon lo Anicntd's groiMiig counicnnsur-gcnt> clTorl ThcforTin;rundensaierdL'raoliiionieanis(UD[)\\ere

absorbi^d mlo ihe Seals m M'K.^. Thero arc seven company -si/eSHAL Icams (comnmnded b^ an O-^) These arc liompnsedoflen^pctjal operalions platoons The plaEoons ha\c iwo offiMrs (0-3and 0-2) and 14 enlislcd men divided inlo two special operalionsiquads \Mlh one ofTiter and seven enlisled. Ihe basic planningdemeni for Joading into \anous ^^aiercrafl PLaLoons are idenlifiedb> phonetic letters \M|hm ihe team and squads b\ number horexample. I/ECHO/SEAL 4 (ls( Squad, ECHO PlaToon, SEALTeam 4). Tvioorraoreplaloonsmay be formed mio SHAL detach

-

mentsloaccoEupJishmissionsreqiirrinji more than one plaloon andmaj operale independently of ihc SEAL team The SEAL loamalso has a headquaricts platoon with iwo officers (0-4 and 0-3)and SIX enlisted men SEAL Team li.laskedrtilhacounLcnerronsmand spt^cial missions rolo, isorganj^cd somc^vhaldifferenllv. Thereare also a Csv. small US Navy Reserve (USNR) (also knoun a&Naval Reserve Force - NRF) SEAL elemenls thai habilual^ Lrain\4ith active force SEAL teams

SEAL trainees undertake agrueling JT-v^-eek Basic Underwa-ter DemDlitions/SEAL(BUD/S- "Buds") Course at CorenadoXA,vvherethey become SCUBA qualified Thcv are also fullv trainedin tceonnaissance.survcillance^tai^etacqnisiiion. small scale raidsand direct action missions. SEAL trainees receive irainins incombat swimming, survival, demolitions, sabotage, small arms,patroUing, indnidual and small unit tactics, close combat, naviga-tion, Tirst aid, and communications Selected inembcrB are specifi-cally trained as medical coipsmen and radiomen All are static lineparachute qualified at the Arniy^s Airborne Course at Ft Benning,GA. Once assigned to a unit, they are under si^c-months probationand receive additional unit specific training. They also undertakemore advanced training courses to include various Army SpecialForces courses. Army Ranger, fircefall parachutmg, and sniper.Small amis used by the SEALb include the 5.56mm MI6AI nile,

X U.S. NAVY SEAL

AN OVERVIEW

.^.?6mm M16AI carbine. 40mm M2(».l grenade launcher, 7 dlramMliO[i3 machine gun, diiTcrenl models of 9inni MP5 submachineguns, I2ga V1S7() sholguii, 9inm M9 piiloL and \flnous l>pes ofsniper nfles inchiding Lhe 7.62n]ni M21 and Ô-calibcr M>*2Aland M5U(J along wilh a number ol' mort spcciah/ed. "e\olic"weapons.

The l^ô SEAL Dchxeij Vehicle (SDV) leam^ are responsiblefor Ihe operation of small submcrîblus ("raini'subs") Two l>pesare used. 1 he MK VIL( carries tuo SVD crc\\Tren and four StALpassengers or cargo and is a ^%ei s>slcm The MK IX carries onl>an 5VD ctqw of l\\o along wilh mission eqmpmeni The H* foolLong MK VIII IS inlcnded for allachmeni lo SEAL icaiiis fordeli^cr> ofSEALs lolheirtaiêLs or operational areas The smallerMK IX IS opcraTcd b> ihe SDV leam to accomplish DA inissioiiseilhcr lacked drrcclK lo the SDV leam orinconjunclionxMltiSEALlearns. The MK JX can also carr\ and launch a VlK 32 siajidoff^êapo^s assembh. a small homing loipedo for aii^king JiûinLlatgeis. SDV learns also operale(heDr% Deck ShelEer^(DDS}fi[led|o niielcar submafines oiodifitd iis SDV iransports or aniphibiouiîransporis.

TherearesixAVwrsôn class SDV uôopbânspons{stiil capableofopcraling as attack submarines) in service Th^ conversions ^^"ere

between 19R2 and 1991 Two Lihan ,4//tfl class submannes weremodified as amphibious U'ansports bcl\tccn 1^83 and 1988. Thehfc expcciano oflhc USSSam H-ouiton (SSN 609) and USSJohnAyflr.s^d/^


SDVs can also be Iransportcd by cons cried u|ilit\' landing craflknown as Advanced SHAL Delivery Vci^scls (ASDV), of ;vhichIhrcc C"^it. These arc modified ISO tool Landing Crafi. Utihties

(LCU|. An SDV platoon has iwo oflicers and 12 cnlisled men.qualified nol only lo operale and mainlam fhc SVD5. bul Iraincd inbasic SEAL skiFIs The plaloon u will deplo> wiih anywhere fromone to three SVDs An SVD learn will have up lo five operationalSVD platoons and one or two DDS pJalcons These platoonsusuaJly operate in direct support of SEAL teams Additional news>'siems are under de^elopmcni to include the SEAL TacticalInscruon Craft (STIC) and Advanced SEAL Dehven System(ASDS) The ASDS, intended to replace the MK V[[[, witl be ableto deliver eight SEALs ashore using a dry system The ASDS willhave a crew of four Six of the 40-5I) fool mini-subs will be

purchased.

Special Boat Squadrons (SBS or SPECBOATROM) arcequipped with vanou-S lypes of coastal and rivenne small craft,

SP^^CBOATRONs are subdnided mio ihrCe or four Special BoatUnits )SBU or SPhCBOATU), desifinatcd by tu.o digit numbersThe acitve SBUs (I? and 2(1) are further suh-otgani/cd into threedetachments designated by phonetic ietters. Each detachment ha-

bitually trains and operates ^Mth a specific SEAL team Besidessupporting SEALs, SBSs also provide special boat support to othersenices. Of the seven SBUs, three are active force and four areUSNR, The USNR SBSs perform riverine and coastal patrol andinterdiction (CP&I| missions. The SBSs will acquire some newpatrol craft in the future to provide a longer range capability.

NAVSPECWAR small craft are discussed in Section 4.

The two USNR Helicopter Composite Squadrons (HCS orHELCOMPRON) are each equipped with eight HH-6£lHSeahav\khelicopters {modifii^ Blackhawks). The> are lacked with both

strike rescue and special warfare support rotes. They are capable

of search, rescue^ infiltration^ extiltraiion, and resupply missions.

SEALs rely heavily on Air Force special operations aircraft forsupport as well as Marine Aviation hehcopicrs and transports and

ihc Army's I60di Special Operations Aviation Regiment.

xi[ U.S. NAVY SEAL

AN OVERVIEW

Higher commands, planning and support organi/aiion? forIhcsc V arioiis unite are tonlrofled by Comm andurNAVSPECWARCDM (Q-7) al fJaval Amphibious Base (KAB)Coronado, San Diego. CA DirccUy under il and co-located isilh uis Ihe Naval Special Warfare Cenler (NAVSPECWAHCbN) re-sponsible for SEAL Ecicclion and training. The Navai SpecialWarfare De^clopmcni Group (NAVSPECWARDEVGRU) i? lo-cated al Reel Combat Training Center Allantie ([CTCLANT).Dam Neck, VA li is responsible for laelics and equipment devel-opnienE.

Tv-ct Naval Speeial Warfare Groups [NSWG orNAVSPECWARGRU)(eonimandedb> an 0-61proMde commandand control as ^ell as support to the special uarfare units stationed

on the West and East Coasts These are roughJ; equivalent u> an

Arm> Special Forces Group. A NSWTG can foim task organi/cdNaval Special Warfare Task Units (NSWTU orNAVSPECWAR-TASKU) to control deployed NAVSPEtWAR forces In cffetlthese arc small "task forces" comprised of elements drav\-n from

within thcNSWG The>' operate simtlarto an Arras Special ForcesbailaiionFnnvarriOpcrationE Base (FOB)providmg coram and andcontrol and preparation of elements for mission execution Addi-

tionally, one or more Naval Special Warfare Task Elements(NSWTE OT NAVSPECWARTASKELM) tnay be formed lo pro-vide support lo smaller detached NAVSPECWAR eleraenls. suchas a platoon Three operate in a fashion similar lo an Aim v SpecialForces Advanced Operations Base (AOB).

Four forward deployed "named" Naval Special Warfare Task

eroup£iNSWTGorNAVSPECWARTASK.GRU)providcprc-ho5-tiUt> planning and coordination with other services in specific

theaters, similar in concept to ark Army Special Operations Cora-mand (ARSOC). Naval Special Warfare Units (NSWU orNAVSPECWARUNITK not to be confused v.ith the NSWTU) aretheater oriented support staffs similar lo theater army Special

Opcralions Support Commands (SOSC) These are principallyconcerned 4\iUi coordination and logistical support of deployed

NAVSPECWAR forces.

PATROL LEADER'S HANDBOOK xfli


SEAL platoons Ircinforccd by hvo addiiional men) habilualhaccoinpam ManneE\pcdilionar> Unil5(MHU)(reinForcedbfllTai-ion landing leam) and Marine Expcdilionan Brigades (MEB)(reinforced regjmenl) on thmro\«Tseasdqjloymenls. Their princi-pal missron in ihis case is rtxonna issancc m supporl Lsflhe amphibi-ous force

3, NAVAL SPECIAL WARFAREORGANIZAHON

Naval Special Warfare Command Coronado NAB, CANaval Special Warfare Center Coronado NAB, CANaval Specml Warfare

Development Group Dam Neck, VA

NAVSPECWAR uniis based on Ihc Wcsl CoasL and oncniedtonard die Pacific basin and Soulhwesi Asia arc:

Naval Sj>ecial Warfere Group I Coronado NAB, CANSWG I Detachment 10NSWGl Detachment 1

1

NSWGl Detachment 13NSWG 1 Detachment Kodiak Kodiak, AKSEAL Team I Coronado NAB, CASEAL Team 3 Coronado NAB, CA

SEAL Team 3 Detachment Hawaii (?)SEAL Team 5 Coronado NAB. CASEAL Vehicle Delivery Team 1 Coronado NAB, CA

SEAL Vehicle Delivery Team 1Det Hawaii Pearl Harbor, HI

Special Boat Squadron 1 Coronado NAB, CASpecial Boat Unit 1 1 (USNR) Mare Is, CASpecial Boat Unit 12 Coronado NAB, CASpecial Boat Unit 13 (USNR) Coronado NAB. CA

Helicopter Composite

Squadron 5 (USNR) NAS Pt Mugu, CANaval Special Warfare Unit 1 Guam

Xlv U.S. NAVY SEAL

AN OVERVIEW

Naval Special Warfare Task GroupSeventh Fleet Pearl Harbor, HI

SEAL Element Western Pacific GuamSpecial Boat Detachment Western Pacific Guam

NAVSPECWAR units based on the Hast CoasI and oncnlcdlo\^ard Laiin America, Caribbean. Europe, and Africa are

Naval Special Warfare Group 2NSWG 2 Detachment 6SEAL Team 2SEAL Team 4SEAL Team 8SEAL Vehicle Delivery Team 2Special Boat Squadron 2

Special Boat Unit 20

Special Boat Unit 22 (USNR)Special Boat Unit 23 (USNR)Special Boat Unit 2&

Heiicopter Composite Squadron 4

Naval Special Warfare Umt 2Naval Special Warfare Unit 4

Naval Special Warfare Unit 8

Naval Special Warfare

Task Group Atlantic

Navai Special Warfare

Task Group Europe

Naval Special Warfare

Task Group South

Little Creek. VADam Neck, VA ('*)

Little Creek, VALmfe Creek. VALittle Creek. VALittle Creek, VALittle Creek, VALittle Creek, VANew Orleans. LALittle Creek, VA

Rodman NAS. PM(USNR) Norfolk, VA

Machrfhanish, UKRoosevelt Rds, PRRodman NAS.PM

Norfolk, VA

Ma chri banish. UK

Rodman NAS,PM

SEAL Team 6 is under the operational control of the JointSpecial Operations Command (JSOC) and tasked with counicr-tcrrorism and special missions along with the Arni\'s Delia Force.

PATROL LEADER'S HANDBOOK XV


Besides major Iraining and Support raciliiies a) Coronado

NAB, CA.LiIlle Creek. VA and Dani Neck, VA, the Na\al SpecialWarfare Command has developed Buppon laciluies al Pearl Har-bor. HI and Roosevell Roadi, PR.

SEALs and their supponmg unUs ha^e operand in Vieinam

(1962^1972), Grenada (lyK:!). Persian Gulf (19S7-RJ4I. Panama

(19«9-90). Guir War (I99li-yi) and Somalia (I99U93) as well as

many smaller conlingenc^ operations. They also participate in

major crcrciscs elch as COBRA GOLD (Thailand), BRIGHTSTAR (Eg>pt), OCEAN VENTURE (Puorio Rico), and FL'ER-ZAS UNIDA (Central America). The unils are presently bcmgincreased in sirengthand a wide range ofnew equipment Uems are

under de\eJopmcnt.

4. NAVAL SPECIAL WARFARESMALL CRAFT

Since differenl SPECBOATUs have differenl priman mis-sions, ihcv are equipped with difTcrent types of small erafl.

SPECBOATUs dedicated to SEAL support and coastal pairol andinterdiction use Ihe PB and SWCL Those dedicated to nverinewarfare and SEAL support are equipped with the MATC and PBR.Some units are additionally equipped uith high-speed "cigarette

boats" confiscated b> the Coast Guard from drug runners.

Sea Specire MK ^^ and 4 Patrol Boats (PB) The all-alummumSea Spectres ^^c^c designed as a high-speed weapons platform for

Naval Inshore Warfare (NIW) forces. The last MK 35 wac ac-quired in iy77andthelastMK45in 19R4. They are capable of day

and night patrol, surveiUanee, interdiction, and fire support mis-

sions m deep n\ers. harbors, coastal and open area environmentsfor up to five days duration. They arc equipped with complete

secure communications and surfsce search radar systems plus can

be Hlted with sonar and mine laying, detection and svveeping

equipment if required. Normal ajmamcni is usually comprised of

a 4(hnm Bofors gun on (he forward deck, a 20mm Oerlikon cannonon the port side opposite of the pilot house, plus a variety of

xvi U.S. NAVY SEAL

AN OVERVIEW

weapons on the aft deck These ma> include two .50-caliber M2machine guns (on cilher aide), or a twin (orpcdo lube sysiein. or an

addiiional 2Unim cannon aTl. or a manhnic direcl fire niflmni

moitar. which also mounts a ^0-caliber maehLncgun.

MK3 MKAOverall length 64 ft 10-3/4 in 68 ft 5 in

Overall beam: 1 S ft 3/4 in IB ft 3/4 in

Fulf displacement 82,270 lbs 99,000 lbs

Draft. 5ft ! in 3ft 1 in

Crew: 4 5

Passengers LJtnited

Engines (shaft hp) 3 X 600 dies el 3 X 650 dieset

PropeHer shafts: 2 2

Speed: 30 knots 30 knots

Range.

MK 5 Patrol Boat (PUB). The Na^^ has released a cJassincdrcquesl for proposals for a ncrt PB. ol which 15 arc needed

SpccifLcattotis require the capabiljly lo Eranspan a SEAL plaEoon,transportable in a C-5A atrcratl, be aboul HO feet m lengthy andcapabk of 4U knots. One contend er is 1 he \si3&h Super Ih'ors MKII patrol boat.

Cychf^e Coaslal Patrol Boat (PC) The Na\^" took dclhcn^ of

the first of nofthcsesiecl-huncd boats in March [9

sea sialcs The C>cJoticcflns

and can keep pace with larger surface combalanu. Thc\ arc

equipped with complete secure conimunicaiions, surface search

radar, and sonar s> slems. The>' mounl two 25min MK 3K chainguns fforc and aft). l*o 50-ca]ibcr and two M60 machine guns,plus are equipped with shoulder-fired Slingcr dir defense missiles-

Future upgrades call for two stabilized Stinger mounis for up lo si\

launchers. The>' will also receive some fonn of surface-lo-5urface

missile svslem.

PATROL LEADER'S HANDBOOK XVll


Overall Icnglh: 170ft

0\ erall beam

Full displaccmenl:

Draft.

CrCH. 28

pBsscngeni: lU

Engines (shaft hp) dicset

Propeller shafts. 2

Speed. 35 knols

Range 2,[»0n naulical miles

River Raider Mini Armored Troop Carrier (MARC) The

flll-alutninuin MATC ^>as designed for high-speed palroL inierdic-lioTi, as&aull operaiions m riiers, harbors, and proloclcd coastalareas It is Titled with a shorl-range surface search radar and a

multiple communications suite The crew/lroop compartmem is

lined \Mth ceramic and Kevlar ballishe armor The bow is filled

wiih a hydraulic ramp for Iroop insertion and e^lratlion Us flat

bollom, shallo\^ draft, and ualer jet propulsion make it ideal for

nvcr and inshore shaflou \\fllcT opcraiion The lasi MATCs were

acquired in 197S. Se>en weapons siaiions are filled around ihe

crew/troop comparbnenl 10 mouni any combination of M60 and

M2 machine guns or MK 19 MOD 1 grenade launchers. ThreeMATCs can be airlificd m a C-5A transpori.

Overall lenglh: 36 fi

Overall beam 12 ft 9 in

FuU displacemcnl: 27.390 lbs

Draft, 2 ft(l ft a! high speeds)

CfCtt : 2 (more required for weapons)

Passengers: 15

Caigo: 4.40" lbs

Engines (shaft hp): 2\2aOdiesel

Walegct pumps 2

Speed: 28.5 knols

Range 370 naulieal miles

MK 2 River Patrol Boal (RPB) The RPB was developed as ahifih-speed, highly maneuverable river crafl for use in contested

jcviijU.S. NAVY SEAL

AN OVERVIEW

areas. It can make a 1 80 degree lum in its own wake at full speedIts fibcrglas^-Temforccd plasiic huh and waierjcl propulsion make

il an excelleni crafl for use in shaltow^ debhs-fiLled waicr The

coxswain is proleclcd b> ceramic aimor. ll is fitted uilh a short-

range surface search radar and a mulliple com municai ions suile.Normal weapons complcmeni incEudc t^Mn ^0-caliber niaclime

guns forward^ two M60 machine guns (one on each side), plus anaA weapons station, which can mount a tillmm Mk 4 ditccl-firemortar or 40mm grenade laimcher or an additional 5U-ca]iber orM60njachmeBun. Four PRBs can be airlifted in a C-SA transport.

Overall length: 3] n n-[/2 mOverailbcam: II ri7-l/2m

Full displacement: 1 7,>4a(» lbs

Draft 1 rt

Crew: 4

Passengers 6

Cargo 928 lbs

Engines (shaft hp) 2 \ 21(5 or 2KOor3nO dicsclWalerjel pumps. 2

Speed: 24 knolB

Range: 200 nautical miles

Sea Fo\ Special Warfare Craft, Light (SWCL) The fiberglasshulled SWCL IS a collapsible craJl m the process ofbeing phasedout. It mounts radios, but no navigation aids Armament includesvanous combinations of 7 62mni and .SO-caliber machine gunsplusa4flnim grenade launcher can be mounted.

Overall length: 35 ft ll-5/Sin

Overailbcam: 9 ft Itl in

Full displacement. 26,U00 lbs

Draft: 2 ft 10 in

Crew. 3

Pa;;sengeis 10

Cargo: 500 lbs

Engines. I diesel

Waterjet pumps: 1

Speed: 30 plus knots

PATROL LEADER'S HANDBOOK XIX


Range: 220 nauhcal miles

Small craft used b> SEAL Icoms include ihe RiB. iRJB. andTBS pJus various commercial inflaiables. commonK referred lo ascombat rubber raiding crafl ICRRC):

Rigid Inflalable Boat (RIB) The 24-root RIB haa a fiberglassreinforced huEl and nyJon/hypalon/neoprcne spnnsons ll fcalures

an inboard engine and ccntcr-mounled steering staUon This small

boat mounts radar, na\igBlion, and communicahonss^sTcms, [lean

be transported on a irailcr. A new RIB is in ihe process of beingbuiJlbyNovaraarineforflneventua]iotalof72.This 10 meter craft

will be able to deliver eight personnel at speeds up to 40 knots.

Overall length. 23 ft 9 in

Overall beam 9ftFull dispiflccmem: 7J90 lbsDraft A rev. inchesCrew 1

Passengers: 15

Cargo. 2,800 lbs

Engine (shaft hp). I \ 20U diesel

Propellers' 1

Speed:

Range. 70 nauttcal miles

Interim Rigid inflatable Boat (IRIB). The 30-foot IRIB has afibei^lass reinforced hull and Crevira polyester sponsons coaled

with neoprene and hypalon. ll features on inboard engine and

aft-mounted steering station. Thas small boal mounts radar^ navi-

gation, and communications systems. It ean be transported on atrailer.

Overall length: 29 ft 6 in

Overall beam: 10 ft KmFull displHcemenI: 14,700 lbs

Draft: A fe\^' inchesCrew: 1

Passengers: \5

XX LI,S- NAVY SEAL

AN OVERVIEW

Cargo: 5,000 lbs

Engine (shafi hp). 1 x 300 dicsci

Waicrjcls I

Speed"

Range: 1^0 nautical milc^s

Tnflaiabic BoaL Small (IBS). The IBS has aneoprene hull and

floor I] IS filled ^Mlh a silcni running outboard L:tigitic The IBS is

easLh rigged ror\\aierparachuiedropor^\alcr J^unehmg from the

rear of a hovenng CH-t6 or CR-^3 helicopTer v^]th Fufl squadequjpmeni secured an board-

0\cra]l length' 12 fl

Overall beam 6fl

Crc^v 1

Passengers: 8

Cargo l.ntjoibs

Engine (shaf) hp) 1 ^ 7.5 gas/'oil

Commcrciai CRRC used b\ ihc SEALs include lheA^on4!^(J(15 ftl, 460(1? ft). and 570 (17fiKZ-Bfrda?fliand Zodiac F-47n

(15 ft) A choice of 15, .''5, and 55 horse po*\er ouiboard moLorsare a\'ailable for Ehesc craft.

PATROL LEADER'S HANDBOOK Xxl

UST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FIGl?RKMrMBKR PAGF

Figure 1-1 TheMTsSion Cycle 2Figure 1 -2 Phase Diagramming - Step One 6Figure 1-3 Event Analysis - Step Two 9-11

xxlE U.S. NAVY SEAL

CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 1

MISSION PLANNING PROCESS

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This chapler provides guidance far NSW mission planners Uincludes discussion of a l>'picai mission planning c>cle, iheuse and

bencrilol'ihe phase diflgramfning sysicm (including an example),

and a contingenc> plajinmg chcck.iisl.

1.1 THE MISSION PLANNING CYCLE

A lypica] mission planning cycle is illusiraled in Figure J -1 Jlmay benecessarv' tomodiR ihcordcrordelcleoneofthcindiMdualsleps depending upon ihc available lime, Ihe operalional com-

mander's orders, or the nature of ihc particular mission.

1.2 THE MISSION PLANNING PROCESS

The mi&sLan planning process oullined in this section siiould

be used OS a general guideline and will require tailoring lo fjl

individual missions.

1.2.1 receive the mission directive. ~

1.2.2 Initiate a security plan:^

• Code name of operation.

* Securilv classification

Coter plans/stories.

Ideniify personnel.

Security' measures.

Formulaic aperaiional deception plan.

*

PATROL LEADER'S HANDBOOK

MISSrON PLANNING PROCESS

IsoUlJon facilities

CaJEtTIVEMI33JOM INITIAL

EEJ RECAiElT PLAiJNhN?

HiSIOH

SUPHJHtRlQUEST

FMISEUPDaTI EEJncouE&T

UPDATE

HKUE5T

WAHHIPIÔRCEIN

J OEjUI^REPAnATIQH IH£PECnDH9 DfW BflrFBACK

HHALHEHLîlSAUIMVfCT^DN

COHOUqrUlSSJQH

flEPDnt

Figure 1-t. The Mission Cycle

1.2.3 ANALYZE THE MISSION:• R&vê\^ target anab sis check lisl.

• Clanfv CTtaoUy whal Ihc lask is (specified and im-

plied).

• Dc^lcrminc opera!jonai control (OPCON) and tacti-cal control (TACON) over detachment dunng allphases of ihc missi-on.

• Deicrmine if joint plannmfi is rcquirtd, and if so.

a\at]3bilit> of planning pubs such as Joinl Opera-

Uon Planning System (JOPS) Vol [V_ Addilional

pubs u'hich H'ill be of value are JCS Pubs 2^ 6^ and

20BndNWP LI.

US- NAVY SEAL

CHAPTER 1

Ensure specific Rules of Engagemeni (ROE| areclear and not ambiguous.

1.2.4 PLAN THE USE OF AVAILABLE TJMETl^DRAW UP A TIME SCHEDULE).

12.5 SUBMIT AN INITIAL EEI REQUEST BASEDON MISSION ANALYSIS.

1-2.6 FORMULATE AN INITIAL PLAN:• Assemble pairol members and review ia?king(s).

• Study available inlelfigence

• Make a thorough map/chflrl studv.

• Re\ic\vpolen|ia! enemy weaknesses

• Tdentifj enemy strengths

• Identif> and assign relative values lo ihc variouselemenls ofmission (i e . surprise, speedy sieaJth)

Consider I imitalion s and special conditions regard-ing communications. Logistics, support, eomrnuni-cations securi|>, movement, inlcl, and otherrequtreiDents.

• Formulate ao\'eraIbroad concepts of operauons.

• Identify assets (i.e., what support win be requiredand its availabilJ^'),

1 -2.7 GIVE MISSfON CONCEPT.• Ensure concept contains or covers:

Variely - present more than one option.

Completeness - who, what, why, wben,where?

Suitability - plan(s) which accomplish theassigned (asks.

PATROL LEADER'S HANDBOOK

MfSSION PLANNING PROCESS

^ Feasibilm - planrs) can be acconiplished

v\il\\ assigned or requested a^scls.

° Roles of Engagcnienl.

° Acceptability' - aniicipaicd jjeceplablc

losses.

° Limiialions-opcralionailimiialions ofplaii

eompflrcd to strcnglhofyour detachmenl.

• Request DIRLAUIH with sirpporiing imits.

1.2.8 REVISE PLAN, IF NECESSARY, BASEDONREVIEW OF MISSION CONCEPT.

1.2.9 PHASE PLAN/OIAGRAU THE MISSION TOIDENTIFY REQUIRED EEI, EEFI,REHEARSALS, TRAINING, EQUIPMENT,SUPPORT, AND POSSIBLE PROBLEMAREAS. __™_____^

1.2.10 UPDATE EEI REQUEST IF NECESSARY.~

12.11 SUBMIT SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS(AIRCRAFT, BOATS, FIRE SUPPORT,FREQUENCIES, CALL SIGNS, RESUPPLY,GASOLINE, ETC.).

1-2.12 ISSUE WARNING ORDER; BEGIN'GEAR~PREPARATION.

1.2.13 CONDUCT PREUMINARYGEAR/PERSONNEL INSPECTIONS ANDREHEARSALS.

1-2.14 UPDATE "mS PLAN AS NECESSARY. ~

1.2.15 PATROL LEADER^S ORDER.

4 U.S. NAVY SEAL

CHAPTER 1

1.2.16 BRIEFBACK.

1.2.17 FINAL INSPECTION, REHEARSALS, ANDBRIER

1.2.18 CONDUCT MfSS ION.

1.2.19 DEBRIEF.

1 .2.20 SUBMIT POST-OP REPORT

1.3 THE PHASE DIAGRAMMJNG SYSTEM

PTo\ided are the essential ilcm^ whjch should be dt\dopedfrom lhcphascdia^rammmgs\stcmdunnf; mission planning Kmi:thai am mission can be planned using this s^ 9leni b\ subj^iiluiingiheevenis and critical problem arca-sfonhoBcuscd inthelolloxMng

example 1) is csscmial that each cveni be cniicalK anaK /ed forth^ three mos\ likch causes of Tailuic Problem idcnhficaiion isnccc5sar> to conduct ihe trainitifi schedule prior la the acltiaJoperalion To ensure discrepancies in malerial. personneL. or nn^lh-

odoEog>' do noi cause real mission failure These identified prob-

lems may even alter initial training techniques if the\ cannoi beovercome during theearK prc-operalionol b-ainuigand rehearsals.

The phase diagramming of an> mission ma> initialh requiresis to eight hours of intensive c


1.4 ORGANIZATION OFTHE PHASE DIAGRAM

Divide ihc miGAion inio logical, jndepcndcni ph^sc^ and

evenls- Although each mission will haê its own unique profile,mosl missions can be separated inio Ihc rollo\Mng seven phases'

pre-mission, insertion, mfiltration. actions at the objective, exfiU

tralion, CAlraction, and posL mission. Figure 1-2 depicis an eênl

breakdown of a rubber duck (CRRC paradropVlong range iran-sil/sxîmmcr ^ncak atLack mission with each phase broken downinto various events.

1 =

Kjni]

1

PH48E»C«

I

K] u lAW1G * 1

TaJU^

'^ *J TiL

- - jbViUMEFK -riHE I

tT H 20

PhjhJC

I

CFUH:CV«Er

Figure 1-2. Phase Diagramming -Step One

6 U,S, NAVY SEAL

CHAPTER 1

1.5 MISSION PHASES

Th&folJowmg are defmilions of niLssian phases

• Pre-migsion Ends when lh& insertion plalform de-parts wiLh the elcmenE onboard.

• Inscnion Ends when the cicmcnl dq>arts Ihc inscr-[jon ptalTonn.

• Infiltratipn. Ends i^hcn Ihe element reaches ihe

objeciive area.

• Actions at -Qbje^lKfi- Ends when Ihe element de-

parts the objective area.

• ExTiltration Ends \^hen the element boards Ihe ex-

traction platform.

• pQ^.MliSSJQA Begins at Ihe time of return lo ihc

isolation area

1 .6 PHASE DIAGRAMMING

Phase diagramming IS a mclhod used to develop an operational

plan When compete, phase diagramming will.

• Confirm or deny the feasibililv of a concept.

• Identifv the mosl liVely problem area?,

• Identity aeompletclistofEEI/EEFI.

IdentilH' all necessan' equipment^ rehearsals and

support.

1.6.1 ANALYZE EACH EVENT AS FOLLOWS:• IdeiiUfj ihe Uiree mo^t ]ikcl> Ihmgs ihal can be

wrong and three pmentfvc or corrccliic actions(see Figure J-3).

• Identify Ihe earliest and latest likelv times Tor be-r —

ginnmg ihc phase, and [he earliest and latest likely

limes for completing the phase (see Figure E-3) B>

tracking the aggregate of earlicst/lalcsi begin-

ning/completion times^ it becomes immediately ap-

PATROL LEADER'S hlANDBOOK 7

MrSSION PLANNING PROCESS

porcnl \\,hclh?r Lhc mission cjin be complcled in ihc

a^ ailable time.

1,6.2 CONTINUE THE ANALYSIS BY LISTING^FOR EACH EVENT:Ncccssan equipment

• Necessan HFI/EEFIs

• Necessar\ Ic^cl of training/skills

• Necessaij reheaTgals

• Opcraiional Security (OPSEC)

• Operational Deception (OPDEC).

1.6.3 PREPARE DETAJLED LISTS.

Al\cr each phase has be&n thoroughly analyzed, coniplele lisls

oftiecessan cquiproenlaTidEEI/EEFJscarbedra^^nup For prepa-

ration, and Ihe lists of necessary' skills and rehearsals can be

checked agamsllhe]J?lorthingsihai can fio wrong (Siep 2)- [flime

IS a critical faclor, training and rehearsals can be prioritized in

accordance v^ilh [heir relalionshipiolhelisl of Ehingslhal are likely

to go x^rong (see figure 1-3)

US- NAVY SEAL

CHAPTER 1

EVENT n TRANSIT TO AOSiep Two

MlSea stale/currents

WeatherAisibi]it\r

Encin> sujfacc/subsudacE^/air capabilities

Tim c/bcanng/d] stance lo lar^cl

Enemy patrol^-^shipping iraffjc

Moon nsc/sci/phascSun rise/sel

Eti&ni> sctisors/capabiliiics

MjaFuel duration

Fiicndlv elements in arear

Trajisii umc

SKILLSOBM MechanicNavigation

Boai Mainicnancc/Boai Handling

Experience in Long Boai Tranaiis

TRAJMNG/REHEARSALSPractice CRRC Long Range Navigation

Figure 1 -3. Event Analyala - Step Two


EQIilEMEriT(Based on a 14 man platoon, \\i\\ requireaddihonal cquipmenl for 16 man plaloon)

ORD Weapons as lislcd m Phase EllAmmo as Jislcd m Phase HI

IslLl CRRC complele(exlra gas lines, boat compass, lool kil. paddles,

lowing bndlcs. paich kits, etc )

Inlcl Maps/charts

14 compasses

2 binoculars

Coram/

ET

2 mghi vision devices

4PRC-M71 4 Molorola squad radios

Medical Field med kit

Personnel

1

Life jacket/flare Mk 13/K-bar/canimied-up/weapon/medicaL kit/E&Ekit/coTnpass/map

(individual)/ web geai/ammo

TIMINGEarliest start time: IQOO

Latest stannme: 2100

Earliest complehon Lime. 0300Latest completion time: O50O

Figure 1-3, Event Ana^ysiB'StepTwo (Sh«et2 of 3)

10 U.S. NAVY SEAL

CHAPTER 1

THINGS THAT ARELJKELYTQGQWRQNG

1 OBM breakdoun

2. Na^ jgalional error

3. Run low oil fuel or run

oul of fuel

4 OPSEC - Encounier cncmvforces prior to mission

completion

5 OPDEC- Press corpspetielTfllcsNaial base

after miss iorir

PREVENTIVE/CORRECTlVi^ ACTIONS

1 Trained mcchanic-

Brjng loo Is and spare

parts or spare molor.

if space and linic pcrmils

2 Slud^ pernianeni

gcoyraphacal features and

^^now tides. cuireniE and

uinds. Tal^e into account

^ca slale AK\a>s s(e&r lo

leFl or nghl of largcl so

once landfall as reached,

a direction lo lar^i^c i^

established

3 Run trials uilh a fullyloaded boal m \ arious seaslates lo gel exact fuel

consum piion figures Tai^c

enough fuel for a worsi

case scenario.

4. Execute unmcdialc

aciLon drills upon contacL

coritinueinissjon if

possible or E&E

5 Avoid press, niamlain

cover ston

Figure 1-3, Event Analysis - Step Two (Sheet 3 of 3)

PATROL LEADER^S HANDBOOK 11


1.7 PLANNING FOR CONTtNGENCIES

The following is a lis( of siiuaiions Ihat could negfllively efTccl

an operation Some of these applv 10 even operation and shouldJ>c planned for accord ingly.

1.7.1 CONTINGENCY CHECKLIST

One must fomiulale alternate plans to deal with the followingpotential coniingencics:

• Laiuich or landing occurs at wrong position

• Dalcoriimcoflhe launch is delayed

• Late orearK arrival at theobjective

• Rough weather causes delay or cancellation of theoperatrOEi

• Unpredicted Udcs/currents (tides or currents differ-

ing from those planned for the operational time

pcnod)

• Enemy comacl [patrols, patrol boats, search lights,sentries^ etc.)

• Discover> by local population (police, civilians,

farmers, himiers)

• Craft and/or personnel scpaiaied or arrive at objec-

1i\e at different times

Targets have diminished/increased or changed po-

sition

More valuable targets are loeaied

• Extreme weather or climatic change occurs

• One or more men become ill, injured, or die

Craft capsi/es, swamps, or is damaged beyond re-pair

Element is caplu^d by local civilians, police, or

enemy forces

12 U.S. NAVY SEAL

CHAPTER 1

• Member of elemenl fails lo leach one of your RVs(rendezvous sitcsj

• Lost flnylimedunngopcralion

• Lose radiocontflci uiih base and/or flnolhcrelenicnl

Lose specmJ equipment

• Planned resupply is a failure or cflchc is compro-mised

• Must disposcof equipment

• Escape and evasion plan must be initiaEcd.

PATROL LEADER'S l-IANOBOOK 13

ESSEhTTIAL ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION

CHAPTER 2

ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OFINFORMATION

2.0 INTRODUCTION

A Ihorough inlcnigencc andysis dir&clcd al Ihc requircmenlôf the proposed mtssjon will include an intensive review of ihe

Speejal Opemlions Intelligence Polder (SOIF). if avoilabJe. and

will require Ihal nc^^ inlelhgcnce and updsiles be provided by

higher headquarters unlil Ihe execution of the mission. If a SOJF

is nol available, the planners tuu-sI iminediatel> task inldligenee

support asêls lo provide an iniclligcncc cyiimaic based on ihc

E^^tntial Elements of Informaljon {ELY) (Priiuarv' Intelhgenc^

Reqtiiremenl |PIR] if from U.S Army) lisl in Appendix A. Essen*tial ElcmeuIsonnrormaiion(EEI) arc divided inioiAvocalcgoHcs.

targe) independent and target dependent. Target uidependent EEI

arc EEJ which NAVSPECWAR force;? would require regardlc&s ofhi; specific target in quc&iion Thi^sc EEI have been separated from

Ihc lai^ct dependent EEI loallovv for more rapid processing of EEI

submissions in the event of an actual mission assignment The

target independent EEI ^vill be submilted immediately upon noti-

fication of mission tasking, even if the specific mission has not

been identified. This îll allow ihc iniclhgcnco conimunn> to

begin producing intelligence in ûppotioflhe mission as carK into

thcmissionplanningprocess as possible The large I dependent E£l

will be promulgated as soon as possible thereafter (i.e.^ once the

specific target has been identified).

2.1 TARGET INDEPENDENT EEI

Targctindcpenden[£H['shave been dii'id^ into the following

four caiegories.

14 U.S. NAVY SEAL

CHAPTER 2

2.1 .1 ENEMY ENVIRONMENT.

2-1-1.1 NATURAL OBSTACLESTopofiraphs.

• Mc[eorolog>',

• Hydrography.

2>1.1.2 MANMADE OBSTACLES

2.12 ENEMY ORDER OF BATTLE.Ground

NavaJ.

Air.

Communications.

Electronic

Weapons.

2.1 .3 SURVIVAL/EVASION/RESISTANCE/ESCAPE (SERE)

2.1.4 MISCELLANEOUS.

2.2 TARGET DEPENDENT EEI

Target dependcnl EEl's have bocn divided mio Ihe followingcategories:

Z2.1 IMAGERY AND GRAPHICS.

2.2.2 TEXTUAL DATA 4 SUPPORT MATERIALS.

PATFOL LEADER'S HANDBOOK 15

TARGET ANALYSIS

CHAPTER 3

TARGET ANALYSIS

3.0 iNTRODUCTION

Targets arc not indi scrim inaJelv iiliacked The>" arc part of an

overall plan lo deslroy eui cnlire sy'steni [nlcrdicUon is ba^cd on

ihe assigned missLon which directs, as n minimum. Lhe results

desired and the pnonties ofatlack forspecifie systems Based on

this mission, the Patrol Leader selccl^ the specific targcis and Ihose

elements on uhich to conduct Ihe altack. For specLlie Special

Operations larget lulnerabilities sec rcrcrcnccs listed in Appendix

F.I Additionally, review Ihc target analysis ch»:ktisl in Appendix:

A3,

3.1 TARGET SELECTION

Target selectJon requires detailed intelligence, thorough plan-

ning, and is based on the following six factors (CARVER).

3.1 1 CWTICALITY.~

A lai^ct is critical when its destruction or damage will ha\e asigniTicant influence upon the enemy's ^jlity to conduct opera-

tions. Each target is considered in relation to other elements of the

pBTtJculai target syEtem de&ignalt^ for interdiction.

3.1.2 ACCESSIBIUTY.

A target is accessible when It can be infiltrated eilher physicallyor by direct or indirect w-capons fire (if and when thai particular

target can be desttoyed/damaged by indirect fire methods).

16 U.S. NAVY SEAL

CHAPTER 3

3.1,3 RECUPERABILITY.

A targefs recuperabilm U measured in ]imc (i t., ho^^ longwill niflkc lheenem> lo replflce, repair, orbypasji ihi: damage'de-strucrion of ihc patlicular targeis

ZAA VULNERABILITY. ~^~

A target i£ minerable ifihe pairol has Ihe mtarii 1i c . cxplo-sives,weflpons,manpo\serande\pcitisc) to destroy ordi:gradcihc

largel

3.1.5 EFFECT ON POPULACE.

Will the mission clicil s positive or ncgaiive reaction h\ thecivilian populace'^ Will ihis reaclion ha\c long lerai cffecis iffriendly forces move into the area''

X1.6 RECOGNIZABrUTY.

Will die targci be easily recogm/ed by the patrol ' Whal fea-tures will assist in its identificau on?

3.2 TARGET SYSTEMS

A taigel system is a scries of interrelated elements whichtogether serve a common purpose. A targci is one element, aninstallation, or an activity- idenlifiKJ for attack such as a locomo-tive, a train, a bridge, or a prison. A target comple\ is numerouslargcis in the some general area such as arailwav marshaling yard,an airfield, or port dock facilities A target system may consist ofan industrial system and its sources of raw materiaL the rail,highwav, waterway, or airway systems over which these materialsare transported: the souree of power and method of transmission;the factory complex itself: and Che means by v^hich the fmishedproduce is InmspOTled to the user.

PATROL LEADER'S HANDBOOK 17

TARGET ANALYSIS

3.3 MAJOR TARGET SYSTEMS INCLUDE;

3.3.1 RAILWAY SYSTEMS.

3.3.1.1 Railroad tracks arc easiK inl&rdjcled because il ls

almosl impD^^iblc lo cITcciivcK guard long strciches of (rack.

Rolling slock may be siiuullaneousl^^ ntlacked with track lalcrdic-

lion Loosii^Jiitig tic uiDuntiugs^ removing TLshplaLeSs ofTsctling

track and using dcmoUlions or special devices en curved sections

of track or switches lo cause tram derailrneni, may resull in cap-tured or destroyed supplies, eliminalioti of enemy personnel, or

liberation of pHSoncrs. Repair facilities and equipment are usually

guarded and mav be more diJTicult to attack

3.3. 1 r2 Limited operations against railway svstems and related

facilities are onh harassineni, iher efere, widespread operations areneeded to severely elTecE the enemy

3,3,2 HIGHWAY SYSTEMS-

Damaged highways are easily repaired and require less criticalmaterials and skilled labor than railway systems. Therefore^ points

selected for interdiction should be inareas where the enemy cannot

easily re-establish movement by making a short detour. Since

highways have fewer vulnerable 5pols, these cntical pomls will

hkely be heavily defended. Where highways cannot be destroyed

traffic can be disrupted by succes&ueroadbloeks^real and dummymines, booby traps, sniping, misdireciion of route signs, or b}^

spreading objects for puncturing dres Ambushes are conducted

when suitable terrain is available.

3.3-3 WATERWAY SYSTEMS.

The most critical facilities of waterway systems are ports,

dams^can^sjoeks^andrelatedrepairequipment. They are usually

well guarded since their destnietion can disrupt water traffic for

long periods. Walcrv^-av control and navigational equipment such

as signal lights, beacons, microwave communications systems,

ia U.S. NAVY SEAL

CHAPTER 3

chanjie] markers and buD>'s can be allack^d cITccln'cl^' Suiktng

lessels in resUictcd chaiuieli. dropping bridges in \\alcr\vays,

crealing stides. and dcsiToying lc\ees can block uaicr\va> iraflit.

Because of 5ecurit> and the amouni of e\plosi\es required, dc-

slroying a dam uill oficn be be>'ond Ihe capabilih of smaU uniii.A lesser degree of damage (i.e., dcstro> floodgates, sluice gales.CIcOtIS an option

3.3.4 AIRWAY SYSTEMS.

The enemy's military/commercial anvav svsLcms can be dis-rupted b\ inlerdicling airfields, parked aircraft, and relaled facili-

lies. Terminals, hangars, repair shops, field depols. radar and radio

navigalion consols, lighting, communjcalions. and defense sys-

tems are targets Eliminaling flighi and ground personnel is also an

option, Weapons may be available lo attack and destroy \ov, fl\ingaircraft.

3.3,5 COMMUNfCATION SYSTEMS.

Widel> dispersed communipcation svGlcms present excellent

targets Cutting telephone wires, damaging telephone tenninaJs^

destroy ing microwave antennas, or destroy inglransmiiicrs usual 1\results in degradation of eommunicarions Alternate and emcr-

geiic> means of communieatjon are usually available. ho^%e\cr,

destruction of an\ pan of a eommunication svstem creates onoverload on remainmg facilities.

3.3.6 POWER SYSTEMS.

Electrical power nets can be interdicted by destroying cross-

countA or local high LensLon ^ines Djst^bullonpo^^e^lmes located

in retDoLe areas^ which would mal^c repair/replacement difTjcuti ar&good largclSr SubstaiionSs although crilicaL, can be bypassed m arclaiivch short lime b>' improvLsed wiring, [nterdiction of po\ser

nets can be accomplished by de&lroying pou^r generating stationsand related equipment

PATKOL LEADERS HANDBOOK 10

TARGET ANALYSIS

3,37 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS.

Waier s>'Slems suppKing induslr>' car> be disniplcd b> attacksagainst resenoire. pipcJines, and purification planls.

3,3,8 FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEMS.

AUflcka against an enem\ 's fuel supp^ system have far-reach-ing effecls on his economy as weil as his abihlv to conduct andsupport miUiary- operations. Surface and underground fuel storagetanks, depots, pipe Uncs, refudine systems for tank trucks, rail tankcars, transport vehicles^ and vessels are all good laigets

20 U.S. NAVY SEAL

CHAPTCR 4

CHAPTER 4

MISSION CONCEPT

4.0 INTRODUCTION

Once missian and tai^el analysis have been completed^ thePairol Leader should formulaic his basic concepl of operations

prior to slarting his detailed planning The Patrol Leader presents

Ihc Operatinnal Commander with his concept. This permits theOperational Commander lo make rceommendations, alterations,and/or refinemenLs to th? concept prior to his final mission plan-

ning As [his is only a presentation of die Patrol Leader's conceptof mission execution, general ralher than specific details will be

presented in the brief UponcomplelionofthemissionconeepV the

Patrol Leader should quejy the Operational Commander conccm-ingaii\' specific questions not yet defined under Rules of Engage-

ment.

4.1 MISSION CONCEPT (FORMAT)

Upon complclion of iniual planning, a message is seni in thefollowing formal 10 IhcOperohonal Commander (ifnot co'localed)10 allo\^ for coordination of the mission.

A Mission.Mission statement taken directly fnom the missiondirective

B Insertion. Method, timc^ oqvipmenl. and support required

C iDrairfltion.

* Method, time, azid equipment

* Route to targel, i,c., beach landing site^ DZ oi uaterDZ, LUP's (Lay Up Pomts) en route

PATHOL LEADER'S HANDBOOK 21

MISSION CONCEPT

D. Elocution, (actions at objecH^c)

• Type of action ai ihc objceiive

Method of r^connajssanceof targets

• Ordnaiicc/demolitions 10 be used

Security during action al the objective

• Action upon complcTion or target execution

• Preplanned fire support plan

E Einilration.

• Method, lime. cquEpmeni and support required

• Route from target

• LUP sen route

F Eitraclion.Method.Time.equipmcntand support required

G, Alternative Actions. Plan for rendezvous of clement and

subsequent action incase of compromise or escape and evasion.

H. State Assumptions, (i.e., inTiUcsTil platforms available)

1. State Support Requirements, (i.e., aircraft, tire support^

etc.)

J Stale Operational Limitations.

4.2 RULES OF ENGAGEMENT (ROE)CONSIDERATIONS

The Patrol Lcadermustknowpreci&ely what ihc priori^ of the

mission is before dcpartii^ isolalion, in tenus of.

A. Is the mission continiied or aborted if:

• Suspected compromise occurs by cLVLJiansormU]-

lary.

22 U,&MAVYSEAL

CHAPTCR 4

• Known compromise occurs by civilians or mililan

• Conlflcl has been made and broken

• POWfh/dciainccs have been Iflken

• An indigenous guide refuses to continue at somepouil in Lhe patrol.

B. DcgTee of aggravalion among ihc local populace is accept-able

C. Priman target has been altered or degraded.

D. What is highesl priority remaining covert, clandesline. ortaking out target regardless of cost?

E, AJlemate targets/mission. Arc there secondare missions incase primary cannot be fulfilled? Are there higher pnont> tar-gets/miasiqns ofopportunitj" which may ial^cprionl\ over assignedmission?


VWftRNfNG/PATROL LEADER'S ORDERS

CHAPTER 5

WARNING/PATROL LEADER'SORDERS

5.0 INTRODUCTION

This chapter discusses the use of both ihe Warning Order and

Ihe Patrol Leader's Order (PLO) It identifies the prep araioi^ intent

of both orders while deraonstraring the greaicr level of detail

rcqmrcd to issue an clTeclivc PLO. Format samples for both orders

are ineluded in each respective section.

5.1 THE WARNING ORDER

The Warning Order rs to warn the patrol members of an

impending mission and to organi^ze their preparation for that mis-

sion. The format oulhned below covers the information necessary

for a warning order The detail covered in each section is deter-

m ined b\' the Patrol Leader to ensure proper understanding bj' hispatroL

5.2 WARNING ORDER (FORMAT)

A. Situatioa: Brief statement ofenemy and friendly situations

B. Mission: State in aelearandconetsemannerthe mission of

the patrol (use the taskmg message as your basis)

C Gedcrallastniciioas:

1. State the general and special organization to include the

element or the team organiJ^on and the individual duties. For

each person state:

2* U.S. NAVY SEAL

CHAPTER S

* PosilionoTprinidi>' responsibilil^^

* Weapons, ammiuiilion and dcmolilion maicrial

(t>'pc and quontit}') to be cBTiied

* Assignaicnis to special dclachmenis or teams

* Special individual equipment

* Assignmcnls Tor preparing platoon equipnacnl

(type- quaiiliL>\ and expected opcralional require-

ments).

2. The unironn and equipment common to all, to include:

* Type of uniform

* Civilian, deceptional cloihing, or camouilage

* Web gear

Escape and evasion gear

* Footw-car

Rations

* Water

* Sleeping gear.

3. Weapons, ammunition, and equipmcnl each member u illcany,

4. Chain ofcommand.

5. A lime sdiedule for ihe p4irors guidance on:* Drawing equipment

* Test firing of u'eapons

* Mu5tcr(s|

* Patrol Leader^s order

* Suppon personnel brief

* Departure.


VW^RNiNG/PATROL LEADER'S ORDERS

6. Tiflie^ place, uniform, and equipment far receiving the pa-trol order.

7. Times and places for inspeclions and rehearsals.

D. Specific Inslruclions:

1 - To subordinate leaders

2, To special purpose teams or ke> individuals.

5.3 RECOMMENDED BRIEFINGASSIGNMENTS

Alihough one should be capable of wiiling the v\'aming orderalone, il is better to involve the platoon in the process. One needsId review inputs, and their research will save considcrabJe time.

Recommend the following assignments:

a. Situation/graphs/charts Intelligence Representative

b. Due brief Diving Supervisorc Jump brief Jumpmasterd. Cast brief Castmaster

e. Navigation Navigator (Pointman)

f Communications plan Communicator

g. Medical plan Corpsmanh. Escape and evasion plan Intelligence Representative

5.4 PATROL LEADER'S ORDER

The Patrol Leader's Order (FLO) is used to pass the detailedplan 10 those tasked with execution and selected others who needto know. Phase dtagramniing is the preferred method used todevelop operational plans leading to issuance of a PLQ Thesuccess of an operation may be directly attributed lo the quality ofthe orders the Patrol Leader issoes for the operation.

26 U.S, NAVY SEAL

CHAPTER 5

5.5 PLO SEQUENCE

A sel PLO sequence is used lo ensure Ihat:• AM relevanl infoniiation is rncluded

• It IS logical-

• It is clear and concise.

• Uiscas> 10 follow for laking notes

• il is easy for rccipJcnlB to quickly grasp all details.

5.6.1 THE FOLLOWING FIVE PARAGRAPHSEQUENCE IS USED:• SitDAlion. Hydrographies, topographies, weather,

and intelligence data. What is going on n^^ anddevelopmenis which have led up to the presentsituation.

• Mission. What is Ihe lasf

• Execution. How will task be performed?• Admintstralton and Logislics. Administrative re-

quirements for ihe task.

• Commaiid And Signals- Command and communi-cations aspects.

5.5.2 BAD PLCs.~

If the recipients of your orders knowivhyte plan was made,aluU ^e intern is, hovu wbSO^ and ^/hsn lo cany the orders out;and tthM part the individuals are going to play; your orders \%ill besuccessful Bad PLOs are characlcrifed by:

Confusion

• Lack of confidence tn you or vour plan

• Failure lo carry out the task.


WARNING/PATROL LEADER'S ORDERS

5.6 PRE-PLO CHECKLIST

Prior to ihe anivaJ of ihc PLO rccipicnis ensure ihai:

* The location of ihc brief is prepared (seaiitig,

boards, lighiing, etc).

* A mode] or sand table of the objective is made up.when possible,

* Maps, charts, air photos, and other aids are avail-

able The>' should remainoul of sight until lhe>' are

presented.

* Set sccurit> in the bricfrng area.

* Conduct a muster.

* Seat all the personnel in a logical sequence (e.g.

swim paiis, assault groups, support personnel, cict- no one should be allo^^ed Lo lie dowTi, sil in the

back of the room, etc.

* Ensure that all personnel ha\e the necessary mate-

rials required lo rE>ceive the orders (e.g.. pencil and

paper).

5.7 PRESENTATION

Ability lo give a good Patrol Leader ^s Order depends upon

subject knowledge and presentation lechitiques. Consider yourself

a salesman while giving your PLO. When finished, everyoneshould be "sold on the idea " Remember, PLOs arc orders and notaplaniung conference nor a time to debate tactical options. Ifyou

do not know Ihe answer to aquesbon, admit it. DO NOT BLUFF,

5.7.1 BRIERNG TECHWIQUES.

Present the PLO clearly and concisely, ensurii^ that:

* All headings from the PLO card are given.

2S U.S. NAVY SEAL

CHAPTER 5

S(a)e Iha! qucsiinns hiII be (aken afict each major

seclion (i e . siluauon. mission. execuUon. admini-

stralion and togishcs, command and Signals)

Stale rhe mission iwice.

Slale all coordmales Iwice (olher Ihan m ihe missionwhich is gi\en t\\ icc anyway ).

Use a pointer for charts, models, and phologrgphs.When nccessarj,'. ha^e someone assisl b^ poinimgas you brief

S>nchroni7£ \satches al the end of rhc PLO. LhcnveT> genera!l> summarise plan and allovy iirnc Toral! personnel lo consider ihc orders.

Take questions from ihc members of the group tohelp clear up points of confusion.

Ask confinning questions

5.7.2 PLO INTRODUCTION.

A Muster

B. Set sccurirv

C. Tune check

D. Warning order rcnc« (ensure all assigned tasks have beencompleted)

E Mission (bnef statement including reason for ihe tasking)

F. Chain of command and description of duties.



5.8 PLO FORMAT

6,8,1 SITUATION.

A. Weather

• Visibilil\'

• Wind

• Wcaiher

Temperature

• Precipitation

• Cloud cover

• Water temperature

• Sun rise and set

• Moon rise and set

• Tides

° Lou

° High_

Current

Surf:

" Hejghi.

" Period

B. Terrain

• Type of terrain

• Relief

• Vegetation

* Density of vegetation

• Cover

* Concealment

* Roads

* Rivets, canals, streams on routes

30 U.S. NAVY SEAL

CHAPTER 5

• Clearing for LZ 's

• Population concenirations

• Enemy insralialions on roulcs

• Obstacles (swamps, bogs, cJiffs, etc )

• Suilabihtv for radio transmission

• Overhead canopy

• Beach

° obstacles

^ gradient

° eurrcm

" kelp

° width/depth of beach

° t>'pcofsand

° trafncability

° bcaeh exits

* hinterLand \egelalion

• Dnnking water availabilily

• Aerial phoios/raaps available

C. Enemy

• Ideniifcation

• Location

• Activihr

• Strength

C Jo thing

• Weapons

• Emplacement/foTiiHealions

• Warning systems

• Domestic animals

• Boob5' traps or mines


WARMNG/PATROL LEADER'S ORDERS

Eslimale of oclion on coniacl

* Routes, modes, and limes of iravel

* Enemyforce Hclivi[>7routine.

D Friendly* Transportation flvailflbie

* Fire support available

° how much

° what kind

" reaclion lime

° accuracy

"^ spotting method

° reUabiUtv

* Resuppl>' sources available

* Other rriendly patrols

° how many

° where

^ idenhficauon

^ mission

* Missiotiof next hJgherwin

* Guideavailabilitv

E. Target

* Location

* Obstacles

* Natural defenses

Ilium ination

* Avenues of approach

Beslmethod of finding target

* Nimiber and types of structures

32 U.S. NAVY SEAL

F Olher

• Ciiitian altitude touard U.S mililar^'

• Economic sinifliion of populaiion

EducaliDn/cuitural faclors

• Religion

CHAPTER 5

G, Rdiability of Intel Source

S.8.2 MISSrON:

What Ihe patrolis going to accomplish and the location or aream which it is goinfi to he done.

5.8.3 EXECUTION.

A. Overall concept

B. Other Missions

C. CoordinAling instructions

• TiLfC schedule (WO)

• Primflry inscnioti

^ time schedule

° locoiion

" method

• Positions m msertion platform• Priraan' approach route

• Departure forfriendly areas

" identification

^ location

° method


WftRNING/PATROL LEADER'S ORDERS

Prommcm rcrrain/nianinade feflhircs along ap-proach rouLe

Organizalion for movement dunng approach

AcUon$ al danger areas

° rivers

° roads and palhs

^ open areas

° built-up areas

9. Rallying points

° IRP (Initial Rally Poinl)

" ORP (Operational Rall> Point}° others

Actions at the objective area

Organizalion for movement during e?iJt

Primary exit route

Prominent terrain/manmade features along exit

route

Re-entry into friendly areas

° identifjcation

^ location

* password

° signals

Pnmaiy extraction

° time window

^ location

° method

Positions in extraction platform

Debriefing

34 U.S. NAVY SEAL

CHAPTER 5

D Allernate Plans and CoEHiDflenciM

• AUeraale inserlio-ivexiraclion

° inserl

(l)|imc windou'

(2) location

(3} method

^ cxlracl

(1) time window

(2) location

(3) method

• A liemate routes" approach

° exit

• Drop dcad/lum around limes

• Actions on enemy coniact

' ambush (sound off, rctuni fire)

(Dfrom

(2)flanJ!

(3) rear

(4) on insertion/extraction

(5) when patrol is split

(6) crossing stream or road

(7) in boat/helo/CRRC/vehicle

° casual contact

° nichedivc/random fire

° booby traps

Handling u'ounded/dead

• Escape and evasion plan

• Other

PATKOL LEADER'S HAMD500K 35


6.8.4 ADMtN AND LOGISTICS.

A. Ralions^waler

B Anns^Ammo (WO)

C [iaiform and Equipment (WO)

D. Special Egnipmem (WO)

£. Resupply Plan;

• Time

• Source

• SiipplJcE

• Signais

r. Handling Wonnded

G. Hflitdlins Pftioueri

• Search, separale, silence, speed, aafcfiuard

• Reiain all items found

• Field intcTTOgaLc

• Life jacket

Handling mstmciions

6.8.6 COMMAND AND SIGNALS. ~

A. Hand Sign lis

• Slop

• Setpcrimcicr

• Danger area

• Head count

• Pace

• Enemvr

3e us. NAWSEAL

CHAPTER 5

• Friendly

• Hear somelhin^

• Sec somcihing

• OK• GcldOHTl

• Speed up

• Slou' do\s"n

• Open inlerv al

• Manmade stnicturc

• Boob> trap

• 17. Rally

• Road

• Objcciive

• Gel on line

B, Radio Comniuiikfltions

' Frequenciijs

° primary

° sccondarvr

^ admin

° emei^ency

• Call signs

• Codes/code ^sxirds

° inscn

° extraction

shift frequencies

° contact

° medevac

* shore bombardmenl/artillery support

^ air support

PA'mOL LEADER'S HANDBOOK 37

WftRNING/PATROL LEADER'S ORDERS

" cease fire

Aulheniicalron plan

• Time/l>pe of reports

C. Challenge and Passwords

D. LosI Comrn Plan

E. Position Markine (Day and Nighi)

F. Enemy Position Markine

G. Command

• Chain of commatu]

• Location of Loaders

"during insertion/mriliraUon

*in paliol

^in danger areas

°at objective

^during extraction/cxfiUration

38 U.S. NAVY SEAL

CHAPTER 6

CHAPTER 6

BRIEFBACK

6.0 INTRODUCTION

A briefback is a delailcd briefgiven by the Pairol Leader, andif required, ke> members of the pairo], to the Operaiional Com-mander for the purpose of demonstrating to him that:

• The operational plan is well thought oul and com-plete.

• The members of the patrol arc famihar with the planand understand ihcir role in the operation.

• The plan will accomplish the assigned objectives.

A bnefback is given near the end of the planning cyeJe, afterthe entire p^an has been developed. The eiiflct location of thebriefback in the planning cycle, as well as the formal and amoimtof detail required, will depend upon the Operational Commander.The following format is on eiample of a detailed brielback. Thebrief has been divided into sections and mav be given by variousmembers of the patrol. This is a method that m«y be used toaccomplish the objectives stated above.

Briefbacks ina> or may not be required depending on who theOperational Commander is, where he is located relative to theplatoon, and how much time is available prior to mission execution.Additionally, the situation may dictate a bnefback lasting from 10minutes to over an hour. The plaloon commander is provided thefollowing information in order to familiarize hmj self with thebnefback.


BRIEFBACK

6.1 BRIEFBACK (FORMAT)

6.1.1 SiTUATlON/MISSlON - ~~~Briefed by Patrol Leader.

A. Cla&sincatioD.

B. OveraJI silualion - ani changes or updales froni larget

folder

C. Mission - as staled by tasking (stale luicc).

D Purpose.

E. AssumptioQS and operalionAl limitations

6.1.2 INTELLIGENCE -

Brief tfireafto detachment

A. Area of operations.

• Weather

° Existing situalion. litclude light data and

dimaDc mformatiDn or b wealher forecasi,significanl to Ihe mission.

° EfTccls of the weather on the fnendlv silu-

atjon 10 include effects on reaction limo andcourses of action,

° EFTecls of the weather on the friendly silu-ation to include effects on personnel, oquip-

ment and actions.

• Terrain.

Relate the following facture lo ihe mission and

explain the effects on both the cnem> and friendlysituation.

° Observation and fields orfiro.

° Cover and concealment

40 U.S. NAVY SEAL

CHAPTER 6

° Ob^laclcs (roanmade and nfltural).

"^ Key lerrain fcalures

^ Avenues of approach avajlable lo both en-

cm> and friendl>' forccs-

(1) High speed roulcs lo infiltration,

lajgec and e\fihra|ion areas.

(2) Effects on enemy reaction tiiuc andETA for each route,

• Other characierislics, include onl\ the infonnation

which may have an effect on the missjon (i.e..transportation £>steiiis. hydrograph)', communica-

tions systems, etc,)^

B Eoeniy situalion. The general description of the enemysiiuanon to include details of encDi>' forces which mav effecl themission. Be concise.

• Dispoaition (reference an over^aj)

• Composiuon and strength.

Committed forces and reinforcements.

Compute enemy reaction lime lo Ihe objectne ar-eas, LZ/DZ/BLS, and the rall>' points. Relate thisinformation to the time schedule.

• Other enemy capabrFiiics (tactical air support, airmovement aircrafH, CBR capabilities, RDF equip-ment, etc.).

C. Friendly silualiod

D. Other iiit«llieenc« factors as tbey relate to Ihe mis&ion.

Recent and present significant activities ofthe civil-

ian populace (curfews, population control meas"

ures, etc).

Peculiarities and weaknesses uhich ma\ affect themission: personnel, intelligence, operations, com-

PATROL LEADER^S HANDBOOK *7

BRIEFBACK

balsen'ice equipment, cJviI-[ni]iliin'Op(?TalionB and

personalilLCS-

EEI.

Intelligence reports^ as required.

Map coverage.

Coimlennlelligence measures.

Esiunaies or guerrilla forces and underground Dr-

ganizfttions. Include Ihe following: disposilion,

composition, capabilities, recent and present sig-

nificant activities, peculiarities and weaknesses

strei^thJeadeiship, morale, and sec urit> measures.

6.13 GENERAL OVERVIEW.

A. Concept of operations-

B. Unit organizitfon ud chain of command.

C. PersoDnel Reaponsibilitiea.

6.1.4 INSERTION METHOD.

6.1.5 ROUTES.

Infiltration

° Primary.

" Allemfllc,

Exflltraiion.

° Priraaiy

° Alternate.

A2 U.S. NAVY SEAL

CHAPTER 6

6.1.6 ACTrONS ATTHE OBJECTIVE -BRJEFED BY THE PATROL LEADER.

A. Target orientaiion.

B. Target anilJ sis.

C. Method of attacking target.

D Alternate plans.

6.1.7 EXTRACTION METHOD.

6.1 .8 RENDEZVOUS/EVASION AND ESCAPEPROCEDURES.

A. Rally points and rendezvous plans.

B, E&E plan Tor all phases of the operation.

6.1.9 COMMUNICATIONS.

A. Equipment.

• Type.

• Quantity.

• Comm plan.

C. Lo»t comm plan.

D. iHtemai commnnications.

E. CEOl considerations.

PATROL LEADER'S l-IANDBOOK 43

Bf^JEFBACK

6.1.10 MEDICAL

A, Heallh status of detachmen 1-

* Shots up Lo dale.

• Medicinal requirements.

B Medical training of delachment.

C. P recall lion s/preveniaiive measures.

D. Handling of injured

E. Nearest friendly medical faciliiy.

6.1.11 CLOSING STATEMENTS -BRIEFED BY PATROL LEADER.

A. Readiness ordeiachment

B Qneslions.

C. ClassiHcaiion.

6.2 BRIEFBACK PRESENTATION

A bncfback prescnlation should be prq>arcd lo lasl aboul onehour, with about forly minutes dcvolcd to briefing various phases

and about twent>' minutes for question/ans^er and discussion

Briclback presentations $hould iiaclude the foMo^ni^.

A Briefbaek Paekrt. Present Operational Commander andLo' personnel present uiih a packet of your Tmal plan, mcludinfi

phase diagrams The packet should be neatly uiittcn or i\'ped

double-spaced in laige script and easy lo read The brief should

follow along widi the packet, allowing each person to read the

bnef^s high points, see the applicable maps/rouies. and easily wnte

down note? or questions. A copy of This packet wili remain uilhthe Operational Commander and Mission Coordinator, Should

44 U.S. NAVY SEAL

CHAPTER 6

queslions arise concerning the e^lraclion plan, RV plan ot oihercrucial phases of the mission while the plaloon is in the field.

B. Visual Aids. Ke> visual aids should be included in Ihe

hriefback pacLet. The onl\ remaining neccssar> visual aids are

m ap£ and pictures of the AOfmnL small to large scale and a generaltime schedule. Such visual aids should be referred to a number oftimes dunng the course of the brief.

C Purpose of Mission. Briefl> explain the significance of themission to future operations (c,g.. how Ihe radar installation >ouare disabling will allow a follow-on air strilce).

D. Situation Brief, This brief should highlight the natural

disadvantages and enemy strengths the patrol will a^oid and.conversely, the natural advantages and enemv n-cakncsses thepatrol vbi 1 1 exploit.

E. Assumptions. State the areas where ke> intelligence was

available and the logical assumptions made based on the intelli-

gcnee that was available.

F. Executian Dedsioas. With eveiy phase of the operation,briefly explain what the Patrol Leader is doing and key decisions

expected during the operation,

G. Operatioa Weaknesses. Ever^- operation has a weak phaseor phases. Identify these phases as such, while clearly outlining

precautions taken and back-up plans to minimize chances of fail-

ure.

H. Detailed Plus. As a rule of Ihuntb, briefbacks should briefthe plaloon^s plans in general and coordinated support require-ments in detail (e,g,, brief ivhcie and when helicopter pickuprequired^ not how the patrol will sit in the helo). Detailed platoonplans should be covered in the PLO during isolation.


SRIEFBACK

1. Insertion/ExlrAcdoii. All&mate RV plans. Those should bepianned and coordiJialed in delail and 5impl> bnefed (lime, place,

signals and method).

J. InHliration/Eififtration Modes. These should be planned

in detail and simply bnefed For example, the exact courBe(s) and

seaung arrangement need not be briefed for a CRR-C LnnitratLon.

but highlights such as overall distance, bestworst speeds and an-

licipaled fuel consuinplion should be bnefed.

K. Time Line/Phase Diaeram. Phase diagram should beincluded in the brieTuig packet and should be used during bnefand

execution phase. Emphasuc ke> phases, alternatives, drop deadtimes and related infonDation.

L. CommunicAlioiis. Include a complete CEOl but bnefonlythe highlights- Abo include a "no cemms'' plan of action.

M. QueatioD ud Answer Session. As discussed^ brief thehighl^hts but have All the details of PLO available should ques-tions arise.

K At ihe Conclusion of the Briefback;• Security.

Upon conclusioti of brief, colleet ail notes/bncfingmaterial including all briefback packets and leave

them with Mission Coordinator or Operational

Commander.

* Sensitive Equipment-

Serial nimil>cr^ or copies of Fonns DD1149 forweapons^ radios uid other sensitive equipment

should be left with the Mission Coordinator or

Operational Commander prior to departure on themission.

46 U.S. NAVr SEAL

CHAPTER 7

CHAPTER 7

POST EXERCISE/OPERATIONREPORTS

AND INTELLIGENCE DEBRIEFS

7.0 INTRODUCTION

All Post-E?terc(5e/Operation reports are lo be prepared in ac-

cordance wilh the following format-

7.1 POST-EXERCISE/OPERATION(FORMAT)

FfomiOfficer-in-Charge, Plaroon. SEAL Team

To: (Operational Commander)

VU: (Chain of Command)

Subj: POST-OPERATION REPORT FOR

Ref::

End: To include bul not limited lo.

* Aclivil> participants

* Scheduleof key events

* i>etails on any subject which the writer wishes totreat Jn depth (e.g.. proposed new procedures, de-tails of a certain aspect of an operation, analvsis ofOPAREA. etc.).


POST EXERCISE/OPERATION REPORTS

* Comments and recommendauons seclion from Ihepast af^er aclion jeporl for this Hctivil> This will

provide the reader with a perspechve of the evolu-

tion being conducted, whether recuuing problems

limit Jt£ value, aad whether there is an upward or

do^vnward trend in the value of the training.

• TIMS/EPS Abstract

° Background.

Ke\' references and events which had a sig-

nificant impact on the aclivm and its out-

come.

° SuromaA.

A sumiuary of what happened- This shouldbe bficf. llcoiB thai the writer believes war-

rant detailed treatment should be dealt with

in an enclosure.

° Comments and Recommendations byTopic:

( 1

)

Comment. As appropriate,

(2) Recommendoiion. As appropriate.

(3) Action If the comment warrants arecommendation, this subparagraph

should idenlifv who the writer be-iievcB should tafcc acdon on the rec-

ommendation.

7.2 INTELLIGENCE DEBRIEF GUIDE

The enclosed general tnielljgefice debriefing guide should bereviewed foy the Pairol Leader prior to an operation in oidet to

enable him and other members- of ihe patrol to collect needed

intelligence. An intelligence debriefing will nonnally beconductedwithin a few hours ofthecomplerion of the operation Because thisis a general intelligence debrietlng. some of the topics discussedmay or nia>' not be applicable to your operation.

« U,S. NAVY SEAL

CHAPTER 7

7.3 DEBRIEF GUIDE (FORMAT)

A. Route and outlmc hme frame.

B. Task requijcd and deiails of how and if accoinplishcd

C Contact

• Where and when and who fired first

Enera> sireneth.

• Descripiion - race - sex - dress - equipment - weap-

ons - any knosMi faces - Tanks.

• Action - what Ihej' were doing - direction of move-

menl - reaction to contact

• CasuaJtics - own men - what happened/what wasdone With enemy bodies.

• E\idence recovered - documents - equipment -

weapons^ etc.

D. Sightmfi. Sane as for a eontact but in addition:

• How many patrol members sighted.• What details were s-een

• What evidence was left of what you were doing.

E. Spotting^. Relevant headings of eoniactSr

F. Tracks.

• Location and direction.

• Age.

• Number of persorawl usii^ trail.

• Estimated destination/origin.

G. Airera^ships/vehicleSr

• Where and when.

• Direction of heading.


POST EXERCJSE/OPERATION REPORTS

• Aliitudc/speed

• Number.

• Identiflcalion.

• Miscdiancous.

H. Camps found.

• Locationand descripLionof leTTEiin.

• Size.

• Enemy strength in it or using il

• Radio sets/aeriah.

• Enciii> activity.

Structures - t\'pe, number^ age

• Fortdications, boob> traps, dug outs, elc

• Obstacles.

Sentr> arrangements and uammg signals.

• Possible escape routes and approaches - direction

of,

• Food dumps in connps.

• Weapon and ammo dumps.

• Priming presses,

• Documents.

• What was done io the camp.

Miscehaneous.

1. Supply dumps found.

• Location and time of discovery.

• Contents.

• Condition,

• How concealed.

Whop last visited,

• Age.

50 U.S. NAVY SEAL

CHAPTER 7

• Added 10 since flrsL laid doun

• Whal wa& done lo the dump

J. Cultivation areas

• Location

• Size and shape

• Any steps taken lo camouflage iT.

• T>pe of crops.

• Age,

• When ]asl lended.

• Any signs orhabitation in area.

• Anv tracks.

• If near native settlement -

estimaie excess over local demand.

K. Local people (rrom knot\Ti location)

• Location.

• Village of origin.

• Name of tribe and headman.

• Number.

• Friend ly.

• Contact previously ^ith aimed fojces.

' Moved recently. If so, why,

Any mfonnation given.

L. Topography.

• Intel brief accurate. If not, what were utaccuracies.

• Map accurate- If not, what were inaccuracies.

• Ifair photos used, was the interpretation correcl anduseful.

• State oftracks, if used.


POST EXERCISE/OPERATION REPORTS

• Had tracks been recenllv usedr

• Am oiheriracks or game Irails found irso,\shcrc.• Rl^CTS.

°depth, vMdih and ?pced

"bridges

=fjords.

• Sea:

° sea Male

° eurrenls

'^tidal range, etc

• Waicrpomis.

• La\ jng up poJnlc (LUP).

M EquipDicnl.

N Raiions.

O. Morale/welfare.

P Heallh.

Q. Securitj. (i.e., if nol sighted b> enemy or locals, any tracesof losi equipment lefl behind which m^ht be found laier - ifKighled. was yoar position or action likely to indicate future or otherEncndly activity).

R. Administration:

• Did you have adequate prqiaration lime and facili-

ties.

• Any cojuments on the support from base during theoperation.

• Any equipment lost.

4. Anyone nol likely to be fji for immediaie furxhcremployment-

52 U,S, NAVY SEAL

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX A

NSW INTELLIGENCE

A.I TARGET INDEPENDENT EEf -ENVIRONMENT

A. 1,1 OBSTRUCnONS/CONSTRUCTIONS

A. âl1lâl Obslructions

• Topographic EEI

• Mcieorologicol EEI

• H^'drographic EEI

B Manmade Constructiods/Obstniclions

A.1.2 ORDER OF BATTLE (OOB)

A. Ground OOB

B. Naval OOB

C. Air OOB

D Comimmicahons OOB

E. Electronics OOB

F. WeônsOOB,

A,1.3 SERE

A. Evasinn/Escape Routes


NSW INTELLIGENCE

B. Pertinent Cultural Considerations

C. Eneni> CoutiliM'-Evasion/Escape Taclics

D. Contaci Plans,

A.1,4 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION~

A.2 TARGET DEPENDENT EEI

A.2,1 IMAGERY AND GRAPHICS~

A. Area Orientation Imagei^'

B. Tarect Orientation TmagCT>

C. Target Imagery

D. Target Graphics.

A.2.2 TEXTUAL DATA;SUPP0RT MATERIAL^

A, Tai;geL Description

B, Target Aiea Activity

C, Encm> Reaction Capability'.

A.3 TARGET ANALYSIS CHECKLIST

A.3.1 ADMINISTRATIVE DATA

A. Nome of Facility

B. Location (Address)

C. Dale of Analysis

54 U.S. NAVY SEAL

APPENDIX A

D. Author and Sources

E. LlsI ofAnachmetiis.

A.3.2 GENERAL

A. Facililj' De^cnptLon

B. Facilm^ Component Parts.

A.3.3 SPECIFIC

A. Poientia} Targei Lisl

B. ComiDDQ Target List

C. Targel Relationship to Support Facilities.

A.34 CONCLUSIONS

A. TflTECt Attack Profile

B. Target Damage EslimaLe


NSW INTELLIGENCE

APPENDIX A,1

NSW INTELLIGENCE

A,1 TARGET JNDEPENDENT EEI

A.1 .1 OBSTRUCTIONS/CONSTRUCTIONS

A Natural Ob slrDction &

Topograpbic EEI. Topographic characterislics in

the area of operations Ihal would be favorable or

limit ihs successful execuiion of a Naval Special

WarfofG misEion.

° Natural obstacbs (i.e., moumaim, clifTs,swamps^ elc.)

° Paths/tratBs (i.e.^ l}'pe. location, djreciLons,

purpose, dimensions, elc.)

° Estumies (i.e.^ watem'ays, rivers, streams)

to include tv'pe, direction^ depths location,

pTCScnceof rapids, drainage systems, etc )

° Hazardous areas/open plains/sno^v fields,

etc

* 2. Meteorological EEL Meteorological charac-teiisticE in the area of operations that would befavorable to or limit Ihc successful cjtceution of a

Naval Special Warfare mission

° Aimosphctie forecasts including:

(1) Wind direction and speed a| all alti-tudes up lo 3U,EJ0U feet

(2) Sky conditions (e.g.. dr>/wcL per-centage cloud cover, presence/loca-

tions/spced/diiection of stonn cen-

ters, clc.)

Sa U.S. NAVY SEAL

APPENDIX A.I

(3) Air temperature up lo 3U.OO0 feel

(4) Weather exlTeraes for the area

(5) Humidity pcrccniagc

(6) Effect of the topologv on the ;\eather

(7) Preacnce/effecl of sunspots

(8) Pres-ence/eiTect of eieclncal mlerfcr-

cnce

(9) Presence/effect of fog or misi.

° Tabulai data for

(1) Sunrise

(2) Sunset

(3) Beginning ofMomuig Nautical Time(BMNT)

(4) End of Evening Nautical Tunc

(EENT)

(5) Moonrise

(6) Moon phase

(7) Percentage of illunaination.

(c) Star data for Ihe area

° Procedures for acquiring most accurate ch-

matoJogical foreeasls for:

(1) Next 24 hours

(2) 24-36 hours

(3) 36-72 hours

(4| 72+ hours.

* H^drogrnphic EEL Hydrographic characiensticsin the area of operations that favor or limit the

successful execution of a Naval Special Warfare

ruission.

• Water temperature, to include Ihermocline layers

• Speed, direction and schedule for currents

* Direction, range^ and schedule for tides

PATROL LEADERS HAND900K 57

NSWINTELLFGENCE

* Bioluminescence dalafor the area

Dcplhir for alJ waicr in ihc area

* WalCT surface condUionSs induding floaLing or sLa-

tionan' ice

* Debris on the waler surface in Ihc area

* Coastal gradicnis in the area

Location and nalure of an> brcakxsal&rs m ihearea* BotioDi composiuon

* Water lurbidily factor

* Salt water intru&ion from Lhe sca/ocean into inland

water

Dangerous mannc life

* Location and nature of aii> submeiêd natural ob-

siaeles (e.g., eoral reefs)

* Location and nature of any submerged maniuade

obmclc! ?r objCf^ls (e.g., >\recks. pipÛnes, cabks,

etc.).

B Maninfldc Con struct]on 5, Manmadc facihiJes/confiiruc-tions m the area which inipaci on the success of a Naval SpecialWarfare mission.

* Locations, dimensions, construction and functions

ofall ci%iUan and QiLlLtary facilities In the area {e g->

buildings^ water towers^ power stations, roadâ^s.anflclds, rail lines, bridjjes (highway and railroad),

tunnels, external visible hghltng)

* CLvihanandmilitai> populations housed in the area

* Locations, operatiorL, and function of any subsur-

face water intakes (e.g., for water purificauon or

hydroelectric plants) in the area

* Land and water navtgatiotial aids in the area and

their functions

* Fenccs/barricadcs/mine ftelds/sensor Jields.

55 US, NAVY SEAL

APPENDIX A_l

A.1.2 ORDER OF BATTLE

A Graund OOB* Organized national aim} grou