US History/Zisk

The Beginning …The Beginning …• Potsdam…Truman,

Stalin, and Churchill

1. Agreed on war trials

2. Solidified 4 zones in Gmy.

3. Harry stared down Joe

• Tension mounts …1. Bomb had tested positively2. Red Army 5 million to US

soldiers in uniform 1.5 mill3. “Iron Curtain” Churchill4. George Kennan’s “Sources

of Soviet Conduct” 1947

• 1946- Stalin “The Russian system will triumph because a series of ‘cataclysmic disturbances’ would tear the capitalistic world apart”

• 1946 – George Kennan “Russian hostility stemmed from the Kremlin’s neurotic view of world affairs which was rooted in the traditional and instinctive Russian sense of insecurity.”

• 1947 – Truman “If we falter in our leadership we may endanger the peace of the world.

Truman DoctrineTruman Doctrine• 1947 Greece• “It must be the policy of the US to

support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.”

• $400 mill. Eco aid to Greece/Turkey

Marshall PlanMarshall Plan• Europe “…a breeding ground of

pestilence and hate.” Churchill• Eco/physical destruction post-war• Communist takeover?!!!!!• “Hunger, poverty, desperation,

and chaos” = enemies• 16 nation Comm. For Eco. Coop.

• $22 bill in aid suggested

• Offered to all but Stalin says no!

• Czech’s really wanted to participate… defenestration

• $13 bill authorized by Congress

• Nobel Peace Prize to Marshall

So what about Germany?So what about Germany?• Key to W. Europe’s stability so…

• 3 Democratic zones become W.Gmy

• 6/48-5/49 Berlin Airlift.

• 1949 NATO (12)• 1949

USSR=Bomb• 1949 US=H-

Bomb

So what about Asia?So what about Asia?• Japan important for

stability =MacArthur• Korea divided at 38th

• China … 1 of “Big 5” but Civil War … Nat.vs.Com. / Chiang Kai-shek vs. Mao Zedong

• Formosa (Taiwan)

1948 Election1948 Election• Dem. Truman

• Rep. T. Dewey

• Dixiecrats Strom Thurman

• New Progressive H. Wallace

KoreaKorea1950 NSC-68 1950 NSC-68 UN police actionUN police action16 nations 90% US16 nations 90% USMacArthur’s drive MacArthur’s drive MacArthur firedMacArthur fired

Communist infiltration?

• Never more than 100,000 commies

• Paranoia cannot be “soft” on comm.

• 1947 Loyalty Oath

• 1948 Alger Hiss

• 1950 Rosenbergs

• Sen. Joe McCarthy’s “witch hunt’.

We like We like Ike!Ike!

• 1952 vs. Dem. Adlai Stevenson

• Promised to go to Korea and end it!

• “dynamic conservatism” Conservative with money but liberal with human beings.

• Cut spending, taxes and balance budget.

• New Look = conventional military reduction

• “brinkmanship”

• Sputnik … NASA

• National Defense Act

Civil Rightshttp://www.lib.virginia.edu/small/exhibits/music/audio/mp3/we_shall_overcome.mp3

• Truman starts w/desegregation of military. Merit promotions.

• NAACP takes on Plessy

• Thurgood Marshall

Brown v. Board of Education• Warren Court• “We conclude that

in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.”

• Little Rock

Montgomery Bus Boycott

• 1955 Rosa Parks refuses to give up seat on bus

• Martin Luther King, Jr. leads year long boycott

• 1956 Supreme Court weighs in