U.S. History EOCT test

Preparation

SSUSH 17

Stock Market Crash of 1929

• Black Tuesday• Stocks Dropped as

prices dropped and the economy crashed to rock bottom.

• Economy Collapsed

Dust Bowl

• Enormous clouds of dust caused by a drought in the Midwestern U.S. which ruined farmer’s crops and forced them into bankruptcy during the Great Depression.

Social Impact

• Unemployment• Foreclosure• Hoovervilles / Shantytowns• Breadlines• Soup Kitchens• Suicide

SSUSH 18

Franklin D. Roosevelt

New Deal

FDR's New Deal

Relief

Emergency Banking Act (1933): Provided a "bank holiday" to end the collapse of the national banking system. Banks were closing in alarming numbers as people withdrew their money during economic panic.  Civilian Conservation Corps (1933): Employed young men in jobs conserving natural resources.

RecoveryTennessee Valley Authority (1933): Provided government jobs and electricity infrastructure in poor rural areas. Home Owners Loan Corp. (1934): Helped home owners save their homes from foreclosure by providing refinancing options.

Reform

Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (1933): Guaranteed individual banking deposits up to a maximum amount of $5,000. Social Security Act (1935): Provided an old-age pension to retired workers, unemployment insurance, and aid for the disabled and surviving children of deceased parents.

Tennessee Valley Authority

• Established in 1933• Built hydroelectric

dams • To create jobs• To Bring cheap

electricity to parts of the poor Rural South.

• To Control flooding.

Wagner Act

• Also known as the National Labor Relations Act

• Was enacted to protect worker’s rights to join unions and engage in collective bargaining.

National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)

• Created a board to monitor unfair management practices (ex. firing workers who joined unions.)

• Protected the right of workers in private sectors to organize unions, engage in collective bargaining, and go on strike.

• Act demonstrated a strong shift by government towards supporting the interest of workers

Social Security Act• Act established

retirement income for all workers once they reach the age of 65.

• Provided benefits to unemployed workers.

• Pays retirement benefits to those over the official age of retirement.

• Created by Frances Perkins – Roosevelt’s 1st female Secretary of Labor

Eleanor Roosevelt• Social Activist• Symbol of Social progress• Worked for reforms in state

government.• Fought for rights of working

women.• Campaigned for legislation

regarding public housing.• Supported distribution of

information concerning birth control.

• Presented herself as supporter of the common citizen.

Huey Long• Senator who was a harsh

critic of FDR.• Advocated the redistribution

of wealth. (taking money from the rich to give to the poor)

• Proposed limiting income to 1 million dollars a year and guaranteed income of 2 thousand dollars a year for every family.

• Gathered a huge following but was assassinated in September 1935.

Court Packing Bill• The Supreme Court resisted

Roosevelt’s New Deal Programs by striking down new deal ideas as unconstitutional.

• FDR proposed expanding the court from 9 to 15 Justices in order to influence its opinions.

• He planned on appointing 6 Justices that would support New Deal Programs.

• Political pressures forced Roosevelt to withdraw his packing plan.

Neutrality Act• U.S. citizens wanted the

government to focus on issues at home and not abroad.

• Congress passed the Neutrality Act in 1935.

• The law prohibited the sale of weapons to warring nations and was meant to keep the US from forming alliances that might end in the US entering WWII.

SSUSH 19

A. Phillip Randolph• Proposed a March on

Washington to protest racial discrimination in the Military.

• FDR responded by supporting Fair Employment Act which prohibited discrimination in the national defense industry.

Pearl Harbor

• Dec. 7, 1941 Japanese launched a surprise attack or bombing raid on the American Naval Base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The Attack nearly destroyed the U.S. Pacific fleet

• Congress declared war the following day.

Japanese Internment Camps• American Japanese

camps where Japanese Americans were forcefully relocated.

• FDR made Executive Order 9066 to force the relocation.

• 120,000 Japanese Americans relocated.

Korematsu v. United States

• Appealed his decision on the statement that internment camps deprived U.S. citizens of Due Process of law & Equality of Law.

• Supreme Court ruled against Korematsu stating the U.S. government was under attack and justified.

Fred Korematsu

Appeasement

• Policy of trying to avoid war by accepting some demands of the aggressor.

• Great Britain and France had this policy when Germany violated the Versailles Treaty by rearming and aggressively taking Poland and other areas by military force.

Axis Powers

• Germany, Italy, Japan

Allied Powers

• Great Britain, Russia, France, Serbia, later the U.S.

Atomic Bomb

• Top Secret called Manhattan Project

• Developed in Los Alamos, New Mexico

• Headed by J. Robert Oppenheimer

Hiroshima & Nagasaki• Truman decided to drop the

bomb when Japan refused unconditional surrender.

• Truman also believed American lives could be saved by shortening the War.

• He order the use of Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan.

• The bomber Enola Gay dropped the bombs August 6, 1945

European Theatre - WWII

Pacific Theatre - WWII