US Army Corps of EngineersResilience as a component ofResilience - Integration – Sustainability - Knowledge

Boni Bigornia, PESouth Pacific Division

Levee Safety Program Manager

Engineering & Construction

9 September 2015

1. Plan, Design, and Build a Project… then Inspect and Perform Maintenance

2. We previously assumed 4 plan formulation criteria are met:

1. Effectiveness2. Efficiency3. Acceptability4. Completeness… Residual Risks?

Pre-Katrina Process

Interagency Performance Evaluation Task Force

Hurricane Protection Decision Chronology

National Research Council

American Society of Civil Engineers

1 Systems-based approach2 Risk-based concepts 3 Reassess &

update process & Policy

6 Sustainability5 Adaptive Management

8 Organizational Behavior

11 Enhance Technical Expertise

12 Research

9 Effectively communicate risk7 Improve ICW Program (Levees)

10 Public Strategy Involvement

4 Dynamic Independent Review

Post-Katrina ‘Actions For Change’BehaviorProtocols/

Procedures

GuidanceTools PolicyPrograms

12 Research

9 Effectively Communicate Risk

6 Sustainability

(INTEGRATION)

(KNOWLEDGE)

(SUSTAINABILITY)(RESILIENCE)

Systems Risk ICW (Inspection of Completed Works) Program= New USACE

Levee Safety Program

Communication

Levee Screening Tool (LST)

1. Embankment seepage and piping2. Embankment stability3. Embankment erosion4. Closures5. Floodwall seepage and piping6. Floodwall stability

Contribution to Likelihood of Breach Prior to Overtopping

Performance Type PerformanceIndex

Life SafetyIndex

EconomicIndex

Embankment and Foundation Seepage and Piping

2.97% 3.49% 2.97%

Embankment Stability 0.87% 1.02% 0.87%

Embankment Erosion 6.15% 7.22% 6.15%

Closure Systems 27.68% 15.12% 27.68%

Floodwall Stability 60.48% 70.99% 60.48%

Floodwall Underseepage and Piping

1.84% 2.16% 1.84%

Screening-Level Depth Grid

Egress Route

Sand bag road closure @ RR underpass

Levee

Overtopping location

Recommendations•Non-federal Sponsor should develop and implement an Interim Risk Reduction Measures Plan (IRRMP) in order to analyze floodwall performance and prepare mitigation plans to reduce this risk. •Non-federal Sponsor should prepare an Emergency Action Plan (EAP) to include the following:1) Communication plans to inform the community of potential performance of I-wall.2) An operating plan to erect the sand bag closure and coordinate with Department of Transportation for road closure procedures. USACE should assist with locating the site of the closure structure.3) Evacuation routes•Non-Federal Sponsor should improve flood warning effectiveness by obtaining a reverse-911 notification system and/or establishing a flood-specific warning siren signal and performing regular tests of these systems. •Non-federal Sponsor should re-inspect culverts with appropriate video equipment and submit to USACE for review. Sponsor should replace or slip-line any culvert assessed as unacceptable.

Post-Super Storm Sandy

Risk Analyses… gets further refined with Resilience Analyses

Resilience depends on specific qualities not adequately quantified by risk analysis :

1. Ability to adapt2. System interconnectivity3. Management of Surprise

… so we can’t rely alone on risk analysis to inform us on resilience… more than just infrastructure… it is important to consider the non-engineered systems:

a. Economic – support $; creating, leveraging, and educating on agency programsb. Social – communication, understanding mediac. Cultural – lessons learned from flood fighting, acknowledging climate change

Adaptive Management recognizes that systems are complex

North Atlantic Coast Comprehensive Study(NACCS)

Concepts of Resilience

Prepare

Adapt

Absorb

Recover

Template –Emergency Action Plans

FPMS/PAS Studies

San Lorenzo Right Bank Levee (controlled flow – turf soil over grouted stone spillway)

High Performance Turf Reinforcement Mat (HPTRM)

PL 84-99 rehab considers environment & robustness

SWIFs, WC Deviations, Public-Private Partnerships

PL 84-99 eligibility = f( OM&I, EPP, communication, USACE activities)

Riverside Levees Rehab (stronger –than-original X-Section

South SF Bay -Resilient Levee Prism to allow for increased levee heights

New Protocol for Communication of Risk - LST recommendations

Resiliency ExamplesProgramsProjectsTools

Climate Preparedness & SLR Calculator

Corps Water Management System (CWMS)

Prepare

Absorb

Recover

Adapt