url redirection read

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with Apache web serverwith Apache web server

Informational Success Redirection Client error Server error

xx xx xx xx xx


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LEARN ABOUT HTTP STATUS CODE

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1xx Informational 2xx Success

3xx Redirection 4xx Client error 5xx Server error

HOW TO REDIRECT YOUR URL Main reason for redirect URL Pre arin stuff

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Where we place the rule Rewrite rule Example 1 : non-www to www redirection

Example 3 : sub domain redirection


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Http status codet s response status co e w c s part o t e 1.1 stan ar .

xx

Informational Server is performingsome further actionand does not yet have adefinitive response

Client error

xxError was found fromclient side

xxSuccess

The action requested bythe client wassuccessful received

Server error

xx

The server failed tofulfill a valid request

xx3

Redirection

Site will be redirectedor URL forwarding


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Informational Server is performingsome further actionand does not yet have a

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definitive response

a us co e escr p on

100

continue

Allow a client that is sending a request message to determine if server is willing to accept the

request.

101SwitchingProtocols

Server will switch protocols to those defined by the response's Upgrade header field immediatelyafter the empty line which terminates the 101 response.


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SuccessThe action requested bythe client was

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201

created

New resource being created.

202accepted

The request has been accepted for processing.

non-authoritativeinformation

The returned metainformation in the entity-header is not the definitive set as available from theorigin server.

204no content

The server has fulfilled the request but does not need to return an entity-body, and might want toreturn updated metainformation.

205 The server has fulfilled the request and the user agent should reset the document view whichreset content caused the request to be sent.

206partial content

The server has fulfilled the partial GET request for the resource.


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Redirection

Site will be redirectedor URL forwarding

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300

Multiple Choices

The requested resource correspond to multiple specific location.

301Moved

PermanentlyThe requested resource has been assigned to new permanent URI.

302

Found

The requested resource resides temporarily under a different URI. This response is only cacheable

if indicated by a Cache-Control or Expires header field.

303 The response to the request can be found under a different URI and SHOULD be retrieved using aee er me o on a resource.

304Not Modified

If the client has performed a conditional GET request and access is allowed, but the document hasnot been modified.

305Use Proxy

The requested resource must be accessed through the proxy given by the location field.


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306(Unused)

The 306 status code was used in a previous version of the specification, is no longer used, and thecode is reserved.

307Temporary

Redirect

If the 307 status code is received in response to a request other than GET or HEAD, the user agentmust not automatically redirect the request unless it can be confirmed by the user, since this mightchange the conditions under which the request was issued.


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Client error

Error was found fromclient side

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a us co e escr p on

400

Bad Request

The requested cannot be fulfilled due to bad syntax.

401Unauthorized

It will happen when authentication has failed.

402

PaymentRequired

Reserve for future use for digital cash or micro payment.

403Forbidden

e reques was a ega reques , u e server s re us ng o respon o .

404Not Found

Therequested resourcecouldnotbefoundbutmaybeavailableagaininthefuture.

405Method Not

Allowed

Arequestwas madeofaresourceusingarequestmethodnotsupportedbythatresource.Forexample,usingGETonaformwhichrequiresdatatobepresentedviaPOST.


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Status code Description

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406Not Acceptable

The requested resource is only capable of generating content not acceptable according to theAccept headers sent in the request.

407Proxy

AuthenticationRequired

It need proxy authentication for accessing the site.

408Request Timeout

The server timed out waiting for the request.

409Conflict

.

410Gone

Indicates that the resource requested is no longer available and will not be available again.

411

Length RequiredThe request did not specify the length of its content.

412Precondition

FailedThe server does not meet one of the preconditions that the requester put on the request.

413

Request EntityToo Large

The request is larger than the server is willing or able to process.


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Status code Description

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414Request-URI

Too LongThe URI provided was too long for the server to process.

415UnsupportedMedia Type

The request entity has a media type which the server or resource does not support.

Requested Range

Not SatisfiableThe client has asked for a portion of the file, but the server cannot supply that portion.

417xpec a on

Failed

e server canno mee e requ remen s o e xpec reques - ea er e .

418I'm a teapot

This request is not expected to be implemented by actual HTTP servers.


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Server error

The server failed tofulfill a valid request

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500Internal Server

Error

A generic error message, given when no more specific message is suitable.

501Not

ImplementedThe server either does not recognize the request method, or it lacks the ability to fulfill the request.

502Bad Gateway

The server was acting as a gateway or proxy and received an invalid response from the upstreamserver.

503erv ce

Unavailablee server s curren y unava a e ecause s over oa e or own or ma n enance .

504Gateway The server was acting as a gateway or proxy and did not receive a timely response from theupstream server.

505HTTP VersionNot Supported

The server does not support the HTTP protocol version used in the request.

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Status code Descri tion

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506Variant AlsoNegotiates

Transparent content negotiation for the request results in a circular reference.

507Insufficient

StorageDisk is running out of space.

Bandwidth LimitExceeded

This status code, while used by many servers, is not specified in any RFCs.

Not Extended

Further extensions to the request are required for the server to fulfill it.


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Main reason for redirect URL1 2

1. SecurityHide underl in technolo index. h

Hide actual path of files http://www.xxx.com/images/simple?photo=34

2. Good for peopleEasy to remember http://www.xxx.com

3. Good for search engineSearch engine like friendly URL http://www.xxx.com/contact


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Preparing stuff1 2

Install Apache on your web server and enable mod_rewrite engine

ewr e ng ne n


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h l h l1 2


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Where we place the rule

Apache config file - httpd.conf

Htaccess file - .htaccess

T i


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R it l1 2


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Rewrite rule

To be more understanding for rewrite rule, Its good to familiar with the syntax and

pattern of rewrite rule.

RewriteRule ^somefile-([0-9]+)\.htm$ /dir/index.php?id=$1 [L]

Pattern Target Flag

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Pattern

Pattern has been used for matches the URL path and Regular expression has been used

to detect the requested URI.

Char Definition

*. .

^ Start matching at this point.

$ End point of the match.

. Any character.

[] Starts a class.

Starts alternative match this that would mean match this or that.

() Starts a back reference point.

? Match 0 or 1 time Quantifier.

+ Match atleast 1 or more times Quantifier.

* Match 0 to infinite times Quantifier.

{} Match minimum to maximum Quantifier {0,3} match up to 3 times.

Cl []1 2


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Class []

Char Definition

^ Negates the class. [^A-Z]+ means don't match any uppercases.

Use before an of the followin characters to esca e or null the meanin or it. [ +]+.

- Range for matching [0-9]+ [a-zA-Z]+.

T t1 2


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TargetIt can e use or rep acing any matc e URL.

File-system path

URL pathcould be used

Absolute URL as a target.

- [dash] (no substitution)

Flag1 2


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Flag

Char Definition

Flag can modify the behavior of a Rewrite rule.

[R] Redirect you can add an =301 or =302 to change the type.

[F] Forces the URL to be forbidden. 403 header.

[G] Forces the URL to be gone 401 header.

[L] Last rule. (You should use this on all your rules that don't link together)

[N] Next round. Rerun the rules again from the start.

.

[T] Use T = MIME-type to force the file to be a mime type.

[NS] Use if no sub request is requested.

[NC] Makes the rule case Insensitive.

[QSA] Query String Append use to add to an existing query string.

.

[PT] Pass through to the handler. (together with mod alias)

[S] Skip the next rule S=3 skips the next 3 rules.

[E] E = sets an environmental variable that can be called by other rules.

[P] E = rules are served through a proxy subrequest.

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Where we place the rule Rewrite rule

Example 1 : non-www to www redirection


Example 1 : non www to www redirection1 2


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Example 1 : non-www to www redirectionhttp://xxx.com => redirect to http://www.xxx.com

RewriteEngine On

Match this URL http: xxx.com

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} xxx\.com

The pattern captured

inside the parentheses

RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.xxx.com/$1 [R=301,L]

capture as variable $1

make this as the last

Rewrite rule.

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Example 2 : normal redirection1 2


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Example 2 : normal redirectionhttp://xxx.com => redirect to http://yyy.com/about

RewriteEngine On

Match this URL http: xxx.com

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} xxx\.com

RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ http://yyy.com/about [R=301,QSA,L]

capture as variable $1 but it is

not used for this case

,

query append string

and make this as the

last rewrite rule.

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Example 3 : sub domain redirection1 2


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Example 3 : sub domain redirectionhttp://xxx.com/blog/ => redirect to http://blog.xxx.com/

RewriteEngine On

RewriteRule ^/blog/?(.*)$ http://blog.xxx.com/$1 [P,NC,L]

atc og pattern ep ace wit t is u es are serve

through proxy, case

insensitive and make

rule.

References


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References

http://www.webforgers.net/mod-rewrite/mod-rewrite-syntax.php

http://httpd.apache.org/docs/1.3/mod/mod_rewrite.htmlhttp://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL_redirection#Manual_redirect


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