Urinary System

Objectives:

-Identify the parts of the urinary system. -Explain the functions of each parts.

Urinary Systemis a system of organs that produces and excretes urine from the body.

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Urine is aTransparent yellow fluid containing unwanted wastes, mostly excess water, salts, and nitrogen compounds.

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Major Organs of the Urinary System

A. Kidney is paired organ whose functions include removing waste products from the blood and regulating the amount of fluid in the body.

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The basic units of the kidneys are microscopically thin structures called nephrons, which filter the blood and cause wastes to be removed in the form of urine.

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The kidney maintain water balance, ensuring that the amount of water in body tissues remains at a constant level.

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The kidneys also control calcium levels in the blood to maintain healthy bones.

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They aid in regulating the acid-base balance of the blood and body fluids so that all body processes can proceed smoothly.

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By controlling salt levels, the kidneys help regulate blood pressure.

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Properly functioning kidneys are so vital to health that if they cease to function, death follows within days.

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B. Bladder is an organ that stores urine after its formation by the kidneys.

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Urine enters the bladder from the kidneys through two ureters and is discharged through the urethra.

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C. Ureter it carries waste from the kidney to the bladder.

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D. Urethra an opening which carries off urine from the bladder.

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E. Sphincter muscle it controls the opening and closing of the urethral opening.

References:

The world of Science 5

Into the Future; Science and Health 5

BEC Handbook in Science 5

Encarta 2009